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The document discusses and compares command vs market economies, specifically focusing on the Soviet Union. It makes three key points: 1. The Communist Party claimed legitimacy based on ensuring security, economic growth, and social justice. However, the Soviet military was unable to match the US, economic performance lagged the West, and greater social justice was not achieved. 2. Gorbachev's reforms in the 1980s (perestroika and glasnost) attempted but failed to make the communist system work through decentralization, private enterprise, and foreign investment. Reforms were not comprehensive enough. 3. By 1991, the Soviet Union was experiencing high inflation, budget deficits, production declines, and loss of
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Do some research on the items in the table below and see if you see a pattern with the various country’s economies:
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
NOTE: When you find the GDP (Gross National Product) note the year – you may not have 2018 statistics. That is okay –find the latest data available. You may need to search for the Ranking of Ease of Doing Business – and then find the countries that make up the G7 or the E7.
NEXT PAGE!
E7 Countries
Continent where the country lies
GDP
Ease of Doing Business
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A. Compare the 2 groups of countries – explain your findings.
Globalization Effects on Country Institutions, People and Business
Chapter 3
Key Points for the Chapter
Economic development comprises positive economic growth and entails changes in a country’s political, economic, and cultural institutions, as well as in individual values, attitudes, and behaviors.
Economic development requires resources from public and private sectors, both internal and external.
Technology transfers by international corporations comprise manufacturing technologies, management organizations, and marketing know-how.
Intro: The Economic Development Process
Economic development is the progress countries make in living standards as they experience positive economic growth and the changes occurring in societal and cultural institutions and values as nations move toward more advanced stages of industrialization.
Economic progress demonstrates human progress, and more pragmatically, it keeps politicians in power, companies busy, and consumers (and voters) optimistic about the future.
Technology Transfers
International trade, investments, and global media have opened world markets up to a variety of modernizing influences.
In general terms, technology transfers occur as corporations enter new markets with products, technologies, lifestyles, and business methods developed in their home and other international markets.
Technology transfers first affect urban segments of developing countries where there are developed infrastructures and pocket of economically significant customers.
As media become commercialization and distribution channels are built into rural areas, greater proportions of developing-country populations come into contact with modernization influences.
4
Positive Effects
Positive effects occur as societies are exposed to broad varieties of products that make lives easier.
Convenience products such as packaged foods, and consumer durables such as refrigerators, radios, televisions, and stoves have positive effects on consumer lifestyles.
New technologies in manufacturing and distribution make products cheaper and more widely available. They provide employment opportunities for lo.
Changing_Global_Economic_Landscape.ppt
The document discusses major changes in the global economic landscape including the rise of China and India and their growing economic power. It also discusses changes in the global financial system and energy markets. The adjustment to these changes presents both opportunities like new markets and risks like financial volatility. The global economy is becoming more interconnected and interdependent, with developing countries playing a larger role. However, globalization has also increased inequality and economic integration requires careful management.
Principles of agricultural economics lecture 1 ( mr simbarashe dube)
Principles of agricultural economics lecture 1 ( mr simbarashe dube)Norges Bank Investment Management Recruitment program
This document provides definitions and descriptions of key economic concepts, including agricultural economics, economic systems, and the three main types of economic systems - command economy, market economy, and mixed economy. It defines agricultural economics as "an applied social science that deals with how producers, consumers and societies use scarce resources in the production, processing, marketing and consumption of food and fiber products". It then describes the three main economic systems - command economy where the government controls economic decisions, market economy where individual choice and supply/demand determine the economy, and mixed economy with elements of both government and private sectors. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of each system.1 Business Environment
The document discusses key concepts in business economics and the business environment, including:
1. It defines economics as the study of how resources are allocated to meet demands for goods, services, and ideas. Businesses use resources (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship) as inputs in the production process.
2. It outlines the three main players in the business environment - businesses, households, and government. Businesses produce goods and services, households consume them, and government manages the economy.
3. It explains that business economics deals with decision making in businesses and how the external business environment and internal decisions impact firms.
Inflation Targeting Needs Re-examination in the Developed Economies
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Agricultural Economics 2
This document discusses several economic theories of development:
- Classical theories saw diminishing returns limiting growth, while stage theories saw structural changes driving development through different eras.
- Dual economy and dependency theories examined the relationship between core and periphery economies and the importance of agriculture.
- More recent theories emphasize human capital, institutions, and transactions costs in facilitating or impeding development. Overall, the document analyzes how different factors like technological progress, capital investment, food production, and institutional quality influence economic growth.
PMI Sydney Chapter Presentation 11 10 05
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POL 190 Globalization and Development Development Poli.docx
POL 190 Globalization and Development
Development Policies
Combinations of economic policies have been used by state officials to foster growth and economic
change. Most state leaders see an interest in fostering economic growth, but this is a challenge that may
not be completely within the control of the leaders of developing countries. In addition, the policy
measures that they take may not actually lead to the desired outcome.
Development policy has been a central element in addressing the gap (in wealth, income, industry,
technology, health/education, life expectancy, etc) between states.
There are two broad approaches: the market/neoliberal/laissez faire, and the state-led/interventionist
approaches. Note the way that these ‘schools of thought’ provide different explanations for the problems
facing developing countries and opposed strategies:
Policy Type Market/Neo-liberal
development policy
State-led/Interventionist
development policy
Does Economic policy matter? Yes
Yes
What causes development? Free markets Strong states/high-quality state
interventions
What causes
underdevelopment?
Too much state involvement Weak or poor/low-quality state
intervention
Main policy recommendation Reduce the state’s economic role Build the state’s economic
capabilities
Cases that confirm the
recommended policy approach
UK, US South Korea, Singapore, Japan
Test case: Why has China been
successful?
After 1979, opening to the market
has led to economic success
After 1979, strong state remains
active in managing China’s
economy
Test Case: Why has sub-
Saharan African been
unsuccessful?
Too much state intervention,
corruption
Weak states, low capacity for
decision making or provision
good public policy
Economic policy has shifted away from the state-led approach towards the market approach since the
1970s. Developing countries have made this shift in economic policy through two processes:
Being pushed/coerced by other states, global corporations and international organizations
Leaders made the decision to ‘shrink’ the state for domestic political reasons
Over the last 40 years, economic policy and differences in economic growth/wealth have also been
profoundly shaped by a larger process: ‘globalization’.
‘Globalization’: Basic Features
Increased Trade: States gradually eliminated barriers to trade
Increased Global Investment Flows: States eliminated barriers to investment and speculation.
Firms became globally mobile/diversified
The increased power of the global corporations. Businesses organize production around global
supply and manufacturing chains
Economic and social problems become ‘globalized’: environment, labor, product standards,
financial risk, etc
How? Historical Process of Contemporary Globalization: 1970s-2000s
The modern global economy is a product of deliberate state policy actions (and is not a ‘natural’ or
inevitabl.
Economic systems and economic crises
This document discusses different economic systems and economic crises. It describes subsistence economies, market economies, centrally planned economies, and alternative economic models. It notes that market economies are prone to cyclical instability which can lead to downturns, recessions, and depressions during economic crises. Recovering consumption through monetary policy and state intervention is needed to change the negative spiral of an economic crisis.
Unit 1 academic basic economics
1. Economics is the study of how individuals and societies make choices about ways to use scarce resources. It examines trade-offs and decisions made at both the individual and national level.
2. There are different types of economies including traditional, market, command, and mixed economies. Most modern nations have mixed economies that incorporate both private and public sector involvement.
3. The United States has transitioned from a laissez-faire approach to a mixed economy, incorporating both private enterprise and government intervention when needed to address issues like market failures or public goods. It tracks its economy using measures like GDP.
Unit 1 Academic Basic Economics
1. Economics is the study of how individuals and societies make choices about ways to use scarce resources. It examines trade-offs and decisions made at both the individual and national level.
2. There are different types of economies including traditional, market, command, and mixed economies. Most modern nations have mixed economies that incorporate both private and public sector involvement.
3. The United States has transitioned from a laissez-faire approach to a mixed economy, incorporating both free market principles and government intervention to address issues like market failures, public goods, and negative externalities.
Factors that promote or hinder development(1)
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. The three economic modules identified are: central or planned economic system, free market system or market system, and mixed economic system.
2. Two countries that practice the mixed economy module are Jamaica and Grenada.
3. Capitalism is a social system based on the principle of individual right.
4. One Caribbean country which has been influenced by Marxism is Guyana.
5. The name of the leader of Guyana influenced by Marxism is Cheddi Jagan.
TCW L1.3 - MARKET GLOBALISM & INTEGRATION.pptx
The document discusses the impact of trade tensions on business confidence and financial markets in 2018-2019. It states that trade tensions took a toll on business confidence in 2018, tightening financial conditions for emerging markets in the spring and advanced economies later in the year, weighing on global demand. Conditions eased in 2019 as the US Federal Reserve signaled a more accommodating monetary policy and markets became optimistic about a US-China trade deal, though financial conditions remain slightly restrictive.
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The document discusses different economic systems and factors. It describes the key features of a centrally planned economy, free market economy, and mixed economy. It notes the advantages and disadvantages of each system. It also outlines several important economic factors for governments and businesses, including inflation, unemployment, exchange rates, fiscal policy, and monetary policy. The document provides an overview of different economic models and considerations.
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6 Collapse
- 1. How do the systems compare? Command vs Market
- 13. Adult literacy rate, 2005 Rank Country Literacy 1 Czech Republic 99.9 1 Georgia 99.9 1 Germany 99.9 1 United States 99.9 22 Estonia 99.8 23 Latvia 99.7 23 Poland 99.7 23 Slovenia 99.7 27 Belarus 99.6 27 Lithuania 99.6 27 Slovakia 99.6 30 Kazakhstan 99.5 30 Tajikistan 99.5 32 Armenia 99.4 32 Russian Federation 99.4 32 Ukraine 99.4 35 Hungary 99.3 35 Uzbekistan 99.3 38 Azerbaijan 98.8 38 Turkmenistan 98.8 Rank Country Literacy 40 Albania 98.7 40 Kyrgyzstan 98.7 45 Bulgaria 98.2 46 Croatia 98.1 47 South Korea 97.9 52 Romania 97.3 53 Argentina 97.2 55 Cuba 96.9 55 Israel 96.9 59 Moldova 96.2 60 Republic of Macedonia 96.1 65 Bosnia and Herzegovina 94.6 81 China (mainland only) 90.9 146 India 61.0
- 15. Focus on heavy industry Gigantomania Distribution of Employment by Enterprise Size
- 16. D Price Quantity 0 P f FIXED LOW PRICE CEILING BY GOVERNMENT SHORTAGE S (Communism) S’ (Market) CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIES: How can Capitalism reduce prices? P a P e Black market raises prices to P a Market prices at P e