5G's history. Since the emergence of 1G mobile communication technology in the 1980s, it has been updated every decade to update existing wireless communication technologies. Each generation of the mobile communication system is defined by the symbolic capability indicators and core key technologies. The 1G uses FDMA and analog modulation technologies.

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5G opened a new chapter in the era
Written By Calio Huang
5G's history. Since the emergence of 1G mobile communication technology in the 1980s, it has
been updated every decade to update existing wireless communication technologies. Each
generation of the mobile communication system is defined by the symbolic capability indicators
and core key technologies. The 1G uses FDMA and analog modulation technologies.
5G's history. Since the emergence of 1G mobile communication technology in the 1980s, it has
been updated every decade to update existing wireless communication technologies. Each
generation of the mobile communication system is defined by the landmark capability index and
core key technologies. The 1G uses FDMA and analog modulation technology and can only be
applied to general voice transmission. The 2G mainly uses time division multiple access (TDMA)
and GSM to achieve digital voice communications; 3G mainly uses Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA) to support data and multimedia services; 4G mainly uses Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiple Access (OFDMA) and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Support broadband data
and mobile Internet business. From 1G to 4G, its concern is still to solve the problem of
communication between people. 5G, the fifth generation of mobile communication technology, is
an extension of 4G and is the development of existing communication technologies. The biggest
difference with 5G is that it not only realizes the connection between people but also brings
people and things, things and things also Link up. 5G is an era of all things interoperability.
5G application scenarios and challenges. In terms of main network functional requirements,
China's IMT-2020 (5G) Propulsion Group has defined four major application scenarios of 5G:
continuous wide coverage, hot high capacity, low power consumption large connections and high
reliability with low latency.
5G standardization. Currently, the development of a unified global 5G standards is the industry's
unanimous request, all countries in the world have reached a basic consensus on the 5G standard
development process. The international organizations that promote 5G standardization are ITU

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(International Telecommunication Union) and 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project). ITU is
the rule maker and the authorized party, the main leading role, set 5G key performance
indicators. ITU has established 5G progress schedule, the first stage is the study of
pre-standardization, the second stage is the study of technical requirements and assessment
methods, the third stage is to complete the collection of candidates, evaluation and
standardization work. As the major standard organization in the international mobile
communications industry, 3GPP will assume the task of formulating 5G international standard
technical content, that is, to finish the standard formulation work. According to 3GPP's plan, the
5G standard is divided into two types: NSA and Standalone (Standalone). 3GPP Rel.15 as the first
version of 5G has been released 10 months in advance of December this year, based on the core
standards of the non-independent network (NSA) has been officially frozen, which is the first to
determine the standard 5G technology. The so-called non-independent network is the existing
LTE wireless access and core network as the anchor of mobility management and coverage, the
new 5G wireless access networking. It is estimated that in June 2018, the independent network
(SA) standard will be frozen and the full version of Rel.16 will be completed by the end of 2019.
5G development at home and abroad. The first implementable 5G new air interface (5G NR)
specification was successfully completed at the 3GPP TSG RAN plenary in Lisbon on December 21,
2017, which means the completion of the first new 5G air interface standard for the global
mobile industry The full development of 5G new air interface will be supported and the
foundation for large-scale pilot and commercial deployment of 5G new air interface will be
established as early as 2019. The ground floor specification for the new 5G air interface is
designed to support both independent and non-independent 5G air interfaces to ensure that
3GPP benefits the global industry from the single, large, single 5G air interface ecosystem.
5G key technologies. In addition to the traditional peak rate specifications, 5G is different from
previous mobile communications in that it also proposes eight indicators including experience
rate, spectrum efficiency, space capacity, mobility, network energy efficiency, connection density,
and delay. In order to realize the above-mentioned performance index, 5G will have a new
breakthrough in wireless transmission technology and network technology. In the field of
wireless technology, technological innovations mainly include large-scale antenna arrays,
ultra-dense networking, new multiple access, full spectrum access, and filtering based orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) Of the wireless transmission technology will make it
possible to increase spectrum efficiency and power efficiency by one order of magnitude on the
basis of 4G. The main bottlenecks of the technology towards practical application are
high-dimensional channel modeling and estimation and complexity control, and the ultra-dense
network (UDN) has drawn widespread concern in the industry. Network coordination and
interference management will be the key issues to improve the capacity of high-density wireless
networks. In the field of network technologies, technological innovations include Software
Defined Networking (SDN), Network Functional Virtualization (NFV) and more.