The fifth generation (5G) technologies ushering in a new era of digital transformation across industries. With the promise of extreme bandwidth ( nearly 100 times faster than 4G),
ultra-low latency, high levels of security and reliability, 5G holds the promise to transform industries in ways we’re just
beginning to comprehend. The 5G technologies will change the way we connect, consume information and work. More importantly, it brings new capabilities to businesses, enabling them to deliver ground breaking solutions that reach across societies. This whitepaper provides a brief discussion on 5G technologies and importance of precise synchronization to enable 5G technologies for business transformation.
White Paper: Understanding the Networked Society – new logics for an age of e...Ericsson
Technology has the potential to transform how we organize our lives, businesses and societies. But if the era we are now entering is to be more inclusive, equitable and empowering, we must start by examining the fundamentally different nature of a physical world fueled by digital connectivity.
Ericsson Technology Review: Service exposure: a critical capability in a 5G w...Ericsson
To meet the requirements of use cases in areas such as the Internet of Things, AR/VR, Industry 4.0 and the automotive sector, operators need to be able to provide computing resources across the whole telco domain – all the way to the edge of the mobile network. Service exposure and APIs will play a key role in creating solutions that are both effective and cost efficient.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explores recent advances in the service exposure area that have resulted from the move toward 5G and the adoption of cloud-native principles, as well as the combination of Service-based Architecture, microservices and container technologies. It includes examples that illustrate how service exposure can be deployed in a multitude of locations, each with a different set of requirements that drive modularity and configurability needs.
Ericsson Technology Review: Flexibility in 5G transport networks: the key to ...Ericsson
http://www.ericsson.com/thecompany/our_publications/ericsson_technology_review
The more people have been able to achieve while on the move, the more dependent society has become on mobile broadband networks. As applications like self-driving vehicles and remotely operated machinery evolve, become more innovative, and more widespread, the level of performance that 5G networks need to deliver will inevitably rise. Keeping pace with ever-increasing demand calls for greater flexibility in all parts of the network, which in turn requires tight integration between 5G radio, transport networks, and cloud infrastructures.
We have seen all the mobile broadband technologies like 1G, 2G, 3G and most recent 4G and upcoming is 5G. And they were very successful and motivated by the need to meet the requirement of the mobile users.
Enabling a Big Vision for 5G with Small Cells - CyientPercy-Mitchell
5G promises to transform the way we live and work, offering extremely low latency of less than 10 milliseconds coupled with ultra-high-speed broadband networks. And small cells are an indispensable component of next-generation networks
Ericsson Technology Review: Cloud-native application design in the telecom do...Ericsson
Cloud-native application design is set to become standard practice in the telecom industry in the near future due to the major efficiency gains it can provide, particularly in terms of speeding up software upgrades and releases. At Ericsson, we have been actively exploring the potential of cloud-native computing in the telecom industry since we joined the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) a few years ago.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the opportunities that CNCF technology has enabled, as well as unveiling key aspects of our application development framework, which is designed to help navigate the transition to a cloud-native approach. It also discusses the challenges that the large-scale reuse of open-source technology can raise, along with key strategies for how to mitigate them.
White Paper: Understanding the Networked Society – new logics for an age of e...Ericsson
Technology has the potential to transform how we organize our lives, businesses and societies. But if the era we are now entering is to be more inclusive, equitable and empowering, we must start by examining the fundamentally different nature of a physical world fueled by digital connectivity.
Ericsson Technology Review: Service exposure: a critical capability in a 5G w...Ericsson
To meet the requirements of use cases in areas such as the Internet of Things, AR/VR, Industry 4.0 and the automotive sector, operators need to be able to provide computing resources across the whole telco domain – all the way to the edge of the mobile network. Service exposure and APIs will play a key role in creating solutions that are both effective and cost efficient.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explores recent advances in the service exposure area that have resulted from the move toward 5G and the adoption of cloud-native principles, as well as the combination of Service-based Architecture, microservices and container technologies. It includes examples that illustrate how service exposure can be deployed in a multitude of locations, each with a different set of requirements that drive modularity and configurability needs.
Ericsson Technology Review: Flexibility in 5G transport networks: the key to ...Ericsson
http://www.ericsson.com/thecompany/our_publications/ericsson_technology_review
The more people have been able to achieve while on the move, the more dependent society has become on mobile broadband networks. As applications like self-driving vehicles and remotely operated machinery evolve, become more innovative, and more widespread, the level of performance that 5G networks need to deliver will inevitably rise. Keeping pace with ever-increasing demand calls for greater flexibility in all parts of the network, which in turn requires tight integration between 5G radio, transport networks, and cloud infrastructures.
We have seen all the mobile broadband technologies like 1G, 2G, 3G and most recent 4G and upcoming is 5G. And they were very successful and motivated by the need to meet the requirement of the mobile users.
Enabling a Big Vision for 5G with Small Cells - CyientPercy-Mitchell
5G promises to transform the way we live and work, offering extremely low latency of less than 10 milliseconds coupled with ultra-high-speed broadband networks. And small cells are an indispensable component of next-generation networks
Ericsson Technology Review: Cloud-native application design in the telecom do...Ericsson
Cloud-native application design is set to become standard practice in the telecom industry in the near future due to the major efficiency gains it can provide, particularly in terms of speeding up software upgrades and releases. At Ericsson, we have been actively exploring the potential of cloud-native computing in the telecom industry since we joined the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) a few years ago.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the opportunities that CNCF technology has enabled, as well as unveiling key aspects of our application development framework, which is designed to help navigate the transition to a cloud-native approach. It also discusses the challenges that the large-scale reuse of open-source technology can raise, along with key strategies for how to mitigate them.
Information & Communication Technology key to enable sustainable urbanizationEricsson
For the first time in human history more people live in cities than in rural areas. By 2050 it is expected that 7 out of 10 people will be urbanites, with the majority of growth occurring in cities of the Global South. A new report co-written with UN Habitat shows how technology can enable economically, socially and environmentally sustainable cities, with emphasis on solving the challenge of access to water.
Cellular Internet of Things white paperBjörn Ekelund
GSM is widely used today for millions of devices, as its costs are relatively low, but mobile broadband technologies are more expensive, may have worse coverage, and take too much power for things that may have to work for years on small batteries. Though many “things” may be connected using short range wireless, many more will be beyond the reach of systems like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or Zigbee.
A group of industry players, including network and device suppliers, operators and academics, brought together by Vodafone, has been looking at the problem of supporting the “Internet of Things” for the past year and has recently published a White Paper outlining the options. These include further new features in LTE that would be defined through 3GPP; or an alternative “clean slate” cellular standard defined specifically to meet the needs of the IoT. Any future system will need to connect “things” that don’t have large amounts of data to communicate; can be in hard-to-reach locations such as manholes, meter closets, and in very isolated locations; and need to operate for years on small batteries.
There has been no shortage of edge computing activities during 2017, in both the telco and web-scale
domains. Several Tier One communication service providers (CSPs), including AT&T, China Mobile, and
Deutsche Telecom (DT), have announced that edge computing will be a key component of their future
network strategies and expect that several new use cases will be powered by edge servers. In the cloud
domain, Amazon, Facebook, and Google are pushing further toward the edge of their own networks, creating
more points of presence throughout the world. Amazon’s acquisition of Whole Foods in the United States
could also be interpreted as a first attempt to obtain real estate across the U.S. market that can be used
for Amazon’s edge servers. In fact, all major web-scale companies—Amazon, Google, and Microsoft—have
announced edge computing services that are driven by IoT use cases.
The telecom companies took many initiatives and make many operational changes to improve customer experience and generate revenue consistently. The telecom companies will continue to lunch new projects, experiment with new business models, and improve network experience to stay profitable in the post-pandemic world.
The disruptive technologies will make many existing telecom industry trends obsolete and create many new telecom industry trends. The telecom companies have to invest resources and address challenges to adopt some of the emerging industry trends in 2021. We can prepare a list of telecom industry trends for 2021 based on the information and data collected from diverse online sources.
https://bit.ly/2NNtpQR
Ericsson Technology Review: 5G-TSN integration meets networking requirements ...Ericsson
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is becoming the standard Ethernet-based technology for converged networks of Industry 4.0. Understanding the importance and relevance of TSN features, as well as the capabilities that allow 5G to achieve wireless deterministic and time-sensitive communication, is essential to industrial automation in the future.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how TSN is an enabler of Industry 4.0, and that together with 5G URLLC capabilities, the two key technologies can be combined and integrated to provide deterministic connectivity end to end. It also discusses TSN standards and the value of the TSN toolbox for next generation industrial automation networks.
Ericsson Technology Review: Technology trends 2018 - Five technology trends a...Ericsson
Ericsson CTO Erik Ekudden presents the five technology trends driving the creation of a future network platform that can deliver truly intuitive interaction between humans and machines.
Microsoft Telecommunications Industry News | April 2021Rick Lievano
I’m amazed to see our tremendous growth in the industry in this quarter. There’s plenty to be optimistic
about. With COVID vaccines readily available to more and more people worldwide in the coming months,
we will hopefully begin transitioning back to the post-COVID landscape. I know I’m not alone when I say
that I can’t wait to get back into in person customer and partner meetings. We’re forging ahead with
getting customers ready for the new normal. Proud to see TIM Brazil to move 100% of their datacenters to
the cloud.
If one thing’s for sure, organizations in the telco space have transformed rapidly in this unprecedented
year. I’m excited to share The Network, Microsoft’s newest podcast series focused on digital resilience and
acceleration of technology for the telco industry, with stories from business leaders around the globe.
Ericsson Technology Review: Cognitive technologies in network and business au...Ericsson
Creating the highly automated environment that network operators and digital service providers will need in the near future requires the support of intelligent agents that are able to work collaboratively. At Ericsson, we believe that the most effective way to create such intelligent agents is by combining machine reasoning and machine learning techniques.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the role that these two cognitive technologies play in the creation of intelligent agents that have a detailed semantic understanding of the world and their own individual contexts. It also includes two proofs of concept that help demonstrate how the combination of machine reasoning and machine learning techniques makes it possible to create intelligent agents that are able to learn from diverse inputs, and share or transfer experience between contexts.
Mobile data traffic volumes are expected to increase by a factor of four by 2025, and 45 percent of that traffic will be carried by 5G networks. To deliver on customer expectations in this rapidly changing environment, communication service providers must overcome challenges in three key areas: building sufficient capacity, resolving operational inefficiencies through automation and artificial intelligence, and improving service differentiation. This issue of ETR magazine provides insights about how to tackle all three.
Ericsson Technology Review: Critical IoT connectivity: Ideal for time-critica...Ericsson
Critical Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity is an emerging concept in IoT development that enables more efficient and innovative services across a wide range of industries by reliably meeting time-critical communication needs. Mobile network operators (MNOs) are in the perfect position to enable these types of time-critical services due to their ability to leverage advanced 5G networks in a systematic and cost-effective way.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explores the benefits of Critical IoT connectivity in areas such as industrial control, mobility automation, remote control and real-time media. It also provides an overview of key network technologies and architectures. It concludes with several case studies based on two deployment scenarios – wide area and local area – that illustrate how well suited 5G spectrum assets are for Critical IoT use cases.
Ericsson Technology Review: Driving transformation in the automotive and road...Ericsson
A variety of automotive and transport services that require cellular connectivity are already in commercial operation today, and many more are yet to come. Among other things, these services will improve road safety and traffic efficiency, saving lives and helping to reduce the emissions that contribute to climate change. At Ericsson, we believe that the best way to address the growing connectivity needs of this industry sector is through a common network solution, as opposed to taking a single-segment silo approach.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how the ongoing rollout of 5G provides a cost-efficient and feature-rich foundation for a horizontal multiservice network that can meet the connectivity needs of the automotive and transport ecosystem. It also outlines the key challenges and presents potential solutions.
How three wireless technologies will soon ignite the edge computing revolutionAbaram Network Solutions
Raimundo, who is the chief information officer for the town of Cary, North Carolina, believes high-quality live streams will redefine the way responders, caregivers and law enforcement authorities manage crises. Police departments across a region will be able to assess an emergency and dispatch officers accordingly. Doctors and nurses will diagnose injuries via high-definition video before patients reach the emergency room. Traffic control systems will automatically adjust stoplights and re-route traffic to speed emergency vehicles on their way.
Impact of 5G on digital transformation for industries & marketsTechahead Software
5G is ushering in a new era of connectivity, speed, and capabilities never seen or experienced before. A natural successor of the 4G network, the new, ultra-high-speed 5G network will have more than 3 billion users by 2025, accounting for roughly 50% of telecom and internet users.
Source: https://www.techaheadcorp.com/blog/impact-of-5g-on-digital-transformation-for-industries-markets/
5G is not just another number. It's the next generation of mobile technology that will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate. We'll move seamlessly among networks with download speeds 100 times faster than 4G LTE. We'll see an explosion of new applications for this technology, from connected vehicles to remote medical care. 5G will connect industries like manufacturing and logistics to the global digital economy.
Digital Nasional Berhad (DNB) has been established to accelerate the availability and adoption of 5G to support the transformation of Malaysia. The rollout of the 5G network has kicked off with the provision of 5G coverage in the Malaysian capital. This 5G network, will empower Malaysians to embrace the new digital economy.
Source: https://www.digital-nasional.com.my/white-papers
Information & Communication Technology key to enable sustainable urbanizationEricsson
For the first time in human history more people live in cities than in rural areas. By 2050 it is expected that 7 out of 10 people will be urbanites, with the majority of growth occurring in cities of the Global South. A new report co-written with UN Habitat shows how technology can enable economically, socially and environmentally sustainable cities, with emphasis on solving the challenge of access to water.
Cellular Internet of Things white paperBjörn Ekelund
GSM is widely used today for millions of devices, as its costs are relatively low, but mobile broadband technologies are more expensive, may have worse coverage, and take too much power for things that may have to work for years on small batteries. Though many “things” may be connected using short range wireless, many more will be beyond the reach of systems like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or Zigbee.
A group of industry players, including network and device suppliers, operators and academics, brought together by Vodafone, has been looking at the problem of supporting the “Internet of Things” for the past year and has recently published a White Paper outlining the options. These include further new features in LTE that would be defined through 3GPP; or an alternative “clean slate” cellular standard defined specifically to meet the needs of the IoT. Any future system will need to connect “things” that don’t have large amounts of data to communicate; can be in hard-to-reach locations such as manholes, meter closets, and in very isolated locations; and need to operate for years on small batteries.
There has been no shortage of edge computing activities during 2017, in both the telco and web-scale
domains. Several Tier One communication service providers (CSPs), including AT&T, China Mobile, and
Deutsche Telecom (DT), have announced that edge computing will be a key component of their future
network strategies and expect that several new use cases will be powered by edge servers. In the cloud
domain, Amazon, Facebook, and Google are pushing further toward the edge of their own networks, creating
more points of presence throughout the world. Amazon’s acquisition of Whole Foods in the United States
could also be interpreted as a first attempt to obtain real estate across the U.S. market that can be used
for Amazon’s edge servers. In fact, all major web-scale companies—Amazon, Google, and Microsoft—have
announced edge computing services that are driven by IoT use cases.
The telecom companies took many initiatives and make many operational changes to improve customer experience and generate revenue consistently. The telecom companies will continue to lunch new projects, experiment with new business models, and improve network experience to stay profitable in the post-pandemic world.
The disruptive technologies will make many existing telecom industry trends obsolete and create many new telecom industry trends. The telecom companies have to invest resources and address challenges to adopt some of the emerging industry trends in 2021. We can prepare a list of telecom industry trends for 2021 based on the information and data collected from diverse online sources.
https://bit.ly/2NNtpQR
Ericsson Technology Review: 5G-TSN integration meets networking requirements ...Ericsson
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is becoming the standard Ethernet-based technology for converged networks of Industry 4.0. Understanding the importance and relevance of TSN features, as well as the capabilities that allow 5G to achieve wireless deterministic and time-sensitive communication, is essential to industrial automation in the future.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how TSN is an enabler of Industry 4.0, and that together with 5G URLLC capabilities, the two key technologies can be combined and integrated to provide deterministic connectivity end to end. It also discusses TSN standards and the value of the TSN toolbox for next generation industrial automation networks.
Ericsson Technology Review: Technology trends 2018 - Five technology trends a...Ericsson
Ericsson CTO Erik Ekudden presents the five technology trends driving the creation of a future network platform that can deliver truly intuitive interaction between humans and machines.
Microsoft Telecommunications Industry News | April 2021Rick Lievano
I’m amazed to see our tremendous growth in the industry in this quarter. There’s plenty to be optimistic
about. With COVID vaccines readily available to more and more people worldwide in the coming months,
we will hopefully begin transitioning back to the post-COVID landscape. I know I’m not alone when I say
that I can’t wait to get back into in person customer and partner meetings. We’re forging ahead with
getting customers ready for the new normal. Proud to see TIM Brazil to move 100% of their datacenters to
the cloud.
If one thing’s for sure, organizations in the telco space have transformed rapidly in this unprecedented
year. I’m excited to share The Network, Microsoft’s newest podcast series focused on digital resilience and
acceleration of technology for the telco industry, with stories from business leaders around the globe.
Ericsson Technology Review: Cognitive technologies in network and business au...Ericsson
Creating the highly automated environment that network operators and digital service providers will need in the near future requires the support of intelligent agents that are able to work collaboratively. At Ericsson, we believe that the most effective way to create such intelligent agents is by combining machine reasoning and machine learning techniques.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the role that these two cognitive technologies play in the creation of intelligent agents that have a detailed semantic understanding of the world and their own individual contexts. It also includes two proofs of concept that help demonstrate how the combination of machine reasoning and machine learning techniques makes it possible to create intelligent agents that are able to learn from diverse inputs, and share or transfer experience between contexts.
Mobile data traffic volumes are expected to increase by a factor of four by 2025, and 45 percent of that traffic will be carried by 5G networks. To deliver on customer expectations in this rapidly changing environment, communication service providers must overcome challenges in three key areas: building sufficient capacity, resolving operational inefficiencies through automation and artificial intelligence, and improving service differentiation. This issue of ETR magazine provides insights about how to tackle all three.
Ericsson Technology Review: Critical IoT connectivity: Ideal for time-critica...Ericsson
Critical Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity is an emerging concept in IoT development that enables more efficient and innovative services across a wide range of industries by reliably meeting time-critical communication needs. Mobile network operators (MNOs) are in the perfect position to enable these types of time-critical services due to their ability to leverage advanced 5G networks in a systematic and cost-effective way.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explores the benefits of Critical IoT connectivity in areas such as industrial control, mobility automation, remote control and real-time media. It also provides an overview of key network technologies and architectures. It concludes with several case studies based on two deployment scenarios – wide area and local area – that illustrate how well suited 5G spectrum assets are for Critical IoT use cases.
Ericsson Technology Review: Driving transformation in the automotive and road...Ericsson
A variety of automotive and transport services that require cellular connectivity are already in commercial operation today, and many more are yet to come. Among other things, these services will improve road safety and traffic efficiency, saving lives and helping to reduce the emissions that contribute to climate change. At Ericsson, we believe that the best way to address the growing connectivity needs of this industry sector is through a common network solution, as opposed to taking a single-segment silo approach.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how the ongoing rollout of 5G provides a cost-efficient and feature-rich foundation for a horizontal multiservice network that can meet the connectivity needs of the automotive and transport ecosystem. It also outlines the key challenges and presents potential solutions.
How three wireless technologies will soon ignite the edge computing revolutionAbaram Network Solutions
Raimundo, who is the chief information officer for the town of Cary, North Carolina, believes high-quality live streams will redefine the way responders, caregivers and law enforcement authorities manage crises. Police departments across a region will be able to assess an emergency and dispatch officers accordingly. Doctors and nurses will diagnose injuries via high-definition video before patients reach the emergency room. Traffic control systems will automatically adjust stoplights and re-route traffic to speed emergency vehicles on their way.
Impact of 5G on digital transformation for industries & marketsTechahead Software
5G is ushering in a new era of connectivity, speed, and capabilities never seen or experienced before. A natural successor of the 4G network, the new, ultra-high-speed 5G network will have more than 3 billion users by 2025, accounting for roughly 50% of telecom and internet users.
Source: https://www.techaheadcorp.com/blog/impact-of-5g-on-digital-transformation-for-industries-markets/
5G is not just another number. It's the next generation of mobile technology that will revolutionize the way we live, work, and communicate. We'll move seamlessly among networks with download speeds 100 times faster than 4G LTE. We'll see an explosion of new applications for this technology, from connected vehicles to remote medical care. 5G will connect industries like manufacturing and logistics to the global digital economy.
Digital Nasional Berhad (DNB) has been established to accelerate the availability and adoption of 5G to support the transformation of Malaysia. The rollout of the 5G network has kicked off with the provision of 5G coverage in the Malaysian capital. This 5G network, will empower Malaysians to embrace the new digital economy.
Source: https://www.digital-nasional.com.my/white-papers
What Makes 5G Network Different - Digital Nasional BerhadDigitalNational
5G network is here and set to change our world for the better. It is true that 5G represents the fifth generation of mobile networks, but it is so much more than just another ‘G’. Read more
5G wireless networks will support 1,000-fold gains
in capacity, connections for at least 100 billion
devices, and a 10 Gb/s individual user experience
capable of extremely low latency and response times.
Deployment of these networks will emerge between
2020 and 2030.
Wireless communication technology takes a leap about every ten years, and every generation has fundamentally changed the world. For the next-generation 5G communications technology, the industry's more consistent goal is to achieve commercial deployment in 2020. In 2015, the global development of 5G technology entered a crucial period for technical R&D and standardization preparation. It has completed the key content of the 5th generation of mobile communication naming, vision, and timetable, and initiated the 5G standard before this year. Compared to previous generations of networks, 5G will play a bigger role - create a connection framework for everything.
Future European society and economy will strongly rely on 5G infrastructure.
The impact will go far beyond existing wireless access networks with the aim for communication services, reachable everywhere, all the time, and faster. 5G is an opportunity for the European ICT sector which is already well positioned in the global R&D race. 5G technologies will be adopted and deployed globally in alignment with developed and emerging markets’ needs.
This is a short presentation on 5G technology with images and GIFs. The contents include components of 5g, How is 5g used and is 5g Available in my city.
Enabling a Big Version for 5G with Small CellsPercy-Mitchell
Industry reports suggest that there will be approximately 2.5 billion 5G users by 2025, i.e., around 40% of the world’s population. To gear up for this momentous shift, communications service providers must upgrade and modernize networks and prepare them for the 5G era. Powered by small cells, Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs) will be the cornerstone of 5G networks, driving multiple 5G use cases, including smart cities, Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and more.
Ralph krauss on 5th generation technologyRalph Krauss
Ralph Krauss says Economic growth is driven by innovation and technological improvements that reduce production costs and allow for increased production. The product life cycle shows how the economic returns go through a phase of sharp exponential growth and eventually lull, which encourages companies to use technology to create new innovations. Advances in technology can enable manufacturers to create higher quality products faster than before, at lower cost, and help them run more efficient operations to become more competitive.
Visit:https://instagram.com/ralph.krauss
Today, the telecommunications industry stands on the brink of a pivotal new era—one in which advances in multiple technological areas, specifically 5G, edge computing, and AI, are congregating to fundamentally change the world. These technologies have the potential to alter how consumers communicate, consume content, work together, and interact with the environment. As well, they are poised to shift the dynamics of industries, both inside and outside of telecommunications.
What is 5G? Learn everything you need to know about 5G Technology and 5G Network how it will redefine communication and entertainment. we have explained everything about 5G network and 5G benefits.
Migration from 4G to 5G: A Complete synopsis guide on 4G to 5G migration.Utkarsh Jaiswal
Migration from 4G to 5G: A Complete synopsis guide on 4G to 5G migration. This guide has step by step process to build your synopsis on 4G to 5G migration
Presentation:
Time synchronization is one of the key imperatives of communications infrastructure. Real time persistence and near real time data processing are becoming essential to serve enhanced user experience in many industries. In this presentation, Dhiman Chowdhury will present sync plane design constructs for time aware non-deterministic networks across industry verticals.
Note: This presenation was shared at Open Compute Project (OCP) Time Appliance Project (TAP).
About Dhiman:
Dhiman Deb Chowdhury manages Product Management and Strategic Marketing for Protempis (formerly Trimble’s Time and Frequency division). Prior to joining Trimble, Dhiman served as vice President of Product Marketing redefining edge networking and open networking and expanding IPI global presence. At Delta Electronics, Dhiman was instrumental to whitebox products and technology venture “Agema System''. He advocated open networking, network cloudification and whitebox solutions for different industry verticals as a thought leader. In this role, Dhiman oversaw the technology strategy and development of Agema open networking product solutions. Prior to joining Delta Electronics, Inc., Dhiman worked as Director of Technical Program (R&D) at Allied Telesis, Inc where defined and developed technology strategy, products and services for enterprise and service providers networks. In 2004, he spearheaded the development of Industry’s first residential VoIP gateway at Netgear where he started service provider product lines. Prior to this, he was a member of Nortel’s technology leadership team working as a principal architect to define protocol, product and technology. At Nortel, Dhiman participated in the development of Industry’s first hybrid VoIP Routing Systems.
Dhiman has authored several technology books and written many scholarly articles. His recent publication “Nextgen Network Synchronization” provides a comprehensive overview of sync plane design for various network infrastructure and applications across industry verticals. Subsequently, some of his technology books on Unified and high-speed internetworking are continued to be reference handbooks for undergraduate studies globally. Dhiman studied Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) at The Robert Gordon University (RGU) and MBA at University of Liverpool. Dhiman is an avid blogger on technology and a Philanthropist.
Precise time synchronization is critical for 4G and 5G networks whether it is legacy deployment, 5G OpenRAN, Cloud Native 5G or Enterprise 5G deployments utilizing midband 5G spectrum, e.g. CBRS.
The Presentation goes over different network scenarios and present precise synchronization solutions for each.
Synchronization is essential for fusion of vision and sensors from machine vision to Autonomous vehicle. For the latter, time sync must be within certain error budget. Please view this infographics for more details.
Time is everywhere but it's implementation in #5G is not easy. Unlike #4G, #TDD is more common in 5G especially in mid-bands [ #3.5Ghz (CBRS) and #Sub6Ghz ] to higher bands (as in mmWave) spectrums and also in spectrum overlays. TDD provides #spectrum efficiency but requires precision time synchronization.
Read this article to learn more about 5G synchronization challenges and how to address it.
Interested knowing BGP convergence number for ISP Peering solutions. Learn from IPInfusion's OcNOS BGP test report.
Build your disaggregated Network using IPInfusion's OcNOS.
World's First Disaggregated 5G-Ready Mobile backhaul SolutionDhiman Chowdhury
SKY Brazil is one of the largest Pay TV provider in Brazil with 5Million+ subscribers created world’s first disaggregated 5G-ready Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) network using IPInfusion’s disaggregated PE Solution to serve 35K broadband subscribers.
This infographics provides a a glimpse of how the deployment was done.
IP Infusion Application Note for 4G LTE Fixed Wireless AccessDhiman Chowdhury
SKY Brazil is one of the largest Pay TV provider in Brazil with 5Million+ subscribers created world’s first disaggregated 5G-ready Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) network using IPInfusion’s disaggregated Cell Site Gateway Solution to serve 35K broadband subscribers.
Learn how the deployment was done, read this application note to know more about the usecase and OcNOS configurations.
There is an ominous rumbling in the internet about 768K day, some even termed it internet doomsday others called it “Y2K” of internet. The fear is justified given the experience of wide spread internet outage during 512K day when internet BGP table size exceeded 512,000 routes. The 512K day caused havoc and many routers simply exhausted of TCAM (Ternary content-addressable memory) size and were unable to process certain routes leaving parts of internet unreachable. The same issue seems possible this year again when internet routes exceeds 768K routes.
IP Infusion worked with the London Internet Exchange (LINX) to create world's first disaggregated network for transport peering. The network is essentially a extended DCN (Data Center Network) with ip routing as underlay and VxLAN as overlay. The EVPN control plane effectively managing over transport from end to end.
The fundamental architecture, configuration and protocol suits that build such network is now available in a micro pod. IP Infusion branded such extensible micro-pod as “DC-BOX” or data center network in a bundle. The DC-BOX accelerates the move to next generation data center architectures with open networking switches. This pre-configured ready-to-deploy bundle delivers carrier-grade performance with the benefits of disaggregation. This presentation depicts various use cases for the DC-BOX in telecom, data center, Internet Exchange Point, Cloud Services and service providers networks.
IPI DC-BOX, a ready-to-deploy data center in a
bundle, uses OcNOS™ carrier-grade network
operating system to build next generation data
centers with the benefits of disaggregation.
Targeted DC Architectures:
1. Leaf and Spine
2. CLOS Fabric
3. Mobile Edge Computing
4. Internet Exchange Point (IXP)
Large Scale Data center Solution Guide: eBGP based designDhiman Chowdhury
Network Automation provides IT administrators and network operators significant benefits. This solution guide
describes an approach to build data centers using Layer3 BGP routing protocol.
It also summarizes on some design philosophies for data center and why E-BGP is better suited.
■ Large-scale data center requirements
■ Large-scale data center topologies
■ Large-scale data center routing
■ EBGP-routed large-scale Clos topology-based data cente
World's First Dsiaggregated Networks for Internet Exchange Point (IXP)Dhiman Chowdhury
This infrographics summarizes deployment of whitebox powered by IPInfusion's OcNOS in the World's First Dsiaggregated Network for Internet Exchange Point (IXP). The London Internet Exchange (LINX) build this completely disaggregated network using EVPN technology from IPInfusion. This inforgraphics is prepared by Dhiman Deb Chowdhury.
Interoperability Showcase: Eantc tested IPInfusion software with 21 other ven...Dhiman Chowdhury
EANTC conducted interoperability tests for 21 vendors including ipinfusion, cisco, juniper and Ericsson etc for MPLS, segment routing and EVPN level of interoprabilities. The test shows IPInfusion's OcNOS interworking with major networking software and/or equipment vendors.
Intel and IP Infusion Deliver Deterministic NFV PerformanceDhiman Chowdhury
IP Infusion's VirNOS virtual networking solutions combines Intel performance technology with proven control plane to offer stable performance. VirNOS is also integrated with the Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK), a library of drivers for fast packet processing. DPDK is a Linux Foundation Project for which Intel is among the leading members.
The VirNOS data plane is extremely modular, featuring flexible NFV infrastructure for both control plane (NFVI-C) and for the
user plane (NFVI-U). The NFVI-U offers hardware abstraction and packet handling services, with plug-in modules for SDKs and different network cores. On top of that, IP Infusion has introduced VNFs as a Service, allowing the user to customize IP/MPLS switching and routing services as well as VxLAN and NvGRE services. For SDN environments, VirNOS also features OpenFlow switching alongside the IP capabilities via an OpenFlow Agent and connectivity to a centralized OpenFlow controller.
The Intelligent Mesh: Bringing together converging forces to enable NextGen I...Dhiman Chowdhury
As the backbone of the digital revolution, Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure is evolving from disparate systems towards more integrated, efficient and intelligent solutions. This technological advent blurring the line between physical and digital world: from network systems to digital endpoint for physical interconnect, intelligent mesh is shaping the world bringing new possibilities while empowering us with great understanding of our physical world.
In this presentation, Dhiman Deb Chowdhury from Delta Electronics will discuss the end to end ICT solutions depicting trends and transformations educating audience on various infrastructures: data center, telecom and enterprise.
The presentation will be furnished in two parts: first, trends of intelligent digital interconnect will be discussed with emphasis on data center, telecom and enterprise infrastructures sharing experience of serving global customers and helping audience to realize the potential for their own ICT undertakings. Secondly, the presentation will bring together converging forces from networks to discrete endpoints sharing topologies from power distribution to network systems depicting customers the choices of systems and technologies available for their ICT infrastructure transformation. While Part one of this presentation is educational in nature, Part II will be more vendor specific which illustrates Delta’s firm commitment to drive technology in such direction assisting ICT infrastructure professionals to make the right decision and maximize business value for the long term.
Ethernet technology made significant progress in recent years ushering a new era of terabit transport. It has now achieved 400GbE per link speed and leaping towards 800GbE. Such trend will shape the future of networks allowing hyperscale data centers, cloud and service providers to offer more service and less worry on bandwidth. It would be interesting to know what future holds. Read this article to learn more about 400GbE and the possibilities it brings.
As the backbone of the digital revolution, Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure is evolving from disparate systems towards more integrated, open, efficient and intelligent solutions. While this advancement is to some extent piecemeal given the limitations of various systems and lack of open community initiatives at all level, we at Delta are committed and working towards integrated, open and efficient Smart ICT infrastructure systems bringing best of the breed technologies to help customers maximize their business values.
In this presentation, Dhiman Chowdhury from Delta will discuss the end to end ICT infrastructure topologies from power distribution to network systems depicting customers the choices of systems and technologies available for their ICT infrastructure transformation. While this presentation includes forward-looking statements from vendor-specific solutions, it is also our firm commitment to drive technology in such direction and will assist ICT infrastructure professionals to make the right decision and maximize business value for the long term.
Wireless-fiber convergence: Ethernet at Fronthaul creating new possibilities ...Dhiman Chowdhury
Front-haul Mobile Networks is undergoing rapid changes that separates RF block from baseband unit making it possible for long distance deployment of baseband units. This is just the prelude for more robust transformation to occur. Once such possibility is transforming fronthaul with Ethernet paving the way for higher bandwidth and easier adoption of 5G.
This article discusses changes in RRH to BBU connectivity technology known as D-ROF and discusses ruse of Ethernet in D-ROF and possibility of using whitebox for front-haul mobile networks.
Cloud computing is increasingly becoming critical part of IT solutions. This presentation series is intended to provide guidance for the selection, integration and implementation of private cloud. In part-I, readership will learn essentials about private cloud and the presentation will serve as the prelude towards extensive learning about “private cloud” including strategy, planning/process, testing and deployment of the private cloud product.
I hope this presentation series will provide adequate information on “private cloud” empowering IT professionals and CIOs to make better and educated decisions.
Balancing continued economic progress and conservation of our biosphere is the challenge of our time. It’s a dilemma of the anthropocene epoch. Without corporation to the mix, our endeavor is fruitless. Increasingly, corporations have adopted prescriptive, piecemeal and mechanistic environmental management techniques as a response to sustainability discourse. However, in light of the complexity, uncertainty, ambiguity and dynamic nature inherent in the sustainability challenge, at some bifurcation point in the organizational change process, these prescriptive and piecemeal solutions may not adequately account for the emerging multiple levels of environmental, social and financial conflict. A paradigm shift is thus essential: a behavioral change is thus called for. This presentation provides an explanation to the issue and a formulation to tackle challenge head-on: a behavioral competence that builds viable, equitable and responsible corporation resolving issues of sustainable business and sustainable world.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
From Daily Decisions to Bottom Line: Connecting Product Work to Revenue by VP...
5G for Business Transformation
1. TRANSFORMING THE WAY THE WORLD WORKS
5G for Business Transformation
SUMMARY | JULY 2021
New Era in Digital Transformation
The fifth generation (5G) cellular network technologies ushering in a new era in digital transformation in the telecom
sector and enterprises across many industries. With the promise of extreme bandwidth ( nearly 100 times faster than 4G),
ultra-low latency, high levels of security and reliability, 5G holds the promise to transform industries in ways we’re just
beginning to comprehend. Services that we used to perceived as futuristic such as e-health, connected vehicles,
advanced traffic systems and elevated experience of extended reality (XR) have arrived.
The 5G technologies will change the way we connect, consume information and work. More importantly, it brings new
capabilities to businesses, enabling them to deliver ground breaking solutions that reach across societies.
2. TRANSFORMING THE WAY THE WORLD WORKS
overview
With unparallel capabilities, 5G is enabling business
to transform in a way that we are just begining to
experience. This unforeseen potentials accelarting
success in the 4th industrial revolution.
However, one of the critical imperatives of the 5G
infrastructure that often forgotten yet defacto, is
time synchornization. Without proper consideration
to accurate time synchronization, 5G will be
operationally ineffective.
Optional Customer Photo
FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Dubbed as Industry 4.0, the 4th industrial revolution fuses
advanced technologies with high-speed wireless
connectivity to blur the lines between the physical, digital,
and biological spheres. The ensuing impact on our systems
will transform how we produce, manage and govern our
world and ourselves.
As 5G overhauls the telecom sectors rendering
unparalleled on-demand services to businesses across
industries, it innately enables fusion of the physical and
digital worlds. The ensuing transformative connectivity
promises to supercharge the IoT, autonomous vehicles,
augmented reality, smart cities, mission-critical
manufacturing, 3D videos, remote healthcare and
regenerative medicine. Each of these and other 5G-
enabled applications could change the shape of legal, risk,
and regulatory environments, and collectively, they will
usher in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
HYPER CONNECTIVITY
The explosion of ubiquitous connectivity is staggering and
the world is entering a new period of hyper connectivity,
an evolving state of communications in which evrything is
talking: person to person, person to machine and machine
to machine. The ensuing impact on our systems will
transform how we produce, manage and govern our
world and ourselves.
It is estimated that by 2025 more than 100 billion devices
will be connected and 75 percent of global homes will
have access to high speed broadband services. The fifth
generation technologies playing a critical role in this hyper
connected world by bringing together people, societies
and business in a way that have not been possible before.
Through hyper connectivity comes the need for countries,
government, corporations, enterprises, and communities
to digitally transform and accelerate access to new
information and accelerate and produce the best
outcomes for their businesses.
3. TIME IS CRITICAL
Time is everywhere yet when it comes to 5G and industry
4.0, highly accurate distributed time plays critical role in
optimized connectivity and overall operational efficacy of
the system. Without time synchronization, real time and near
real time application will render in failure and more
importantly, 5G network cannot be operational without
highly accurate distribute clocks. Additionally, time sensitive
networking is also critical to the connectivity that facilitate
industry 4.0.
TIME SYNCHRONIZATION IN 5G
The fifth generation (5G) technologies enable
decomposition and virtualization of entire wireless
network from air interface to the very processing of user
data and control functions of the network. For 5G
deployments, mobile network can be divided
in two parts: RAN (Radio Access Network)
and Core Networks. Both RAN and core
network by design requires highly accurate
time synchronization. For example, 5G radio
spectrum uses single frequency for uplink and downlink
communication. In order to achieve this, radio spectrums are
divided in timeslots and transmitted over the air for uplink
and downlink. Such technique allows efficient use of radio
spectrum than using two frequencies for uplink and
downlink which was dominant in 3G and 4G. This means,
5G RAN devices must maintain highly accurate time at
nanoseconds level. The overall network design must
adhere at a maximum of 1.5 microseconds time error
for end to end communications. Therefore, all devices
in the 5G network that process traffic must
synchronize to a common clock without much drift.
TIME IN 5G TELECOM CLOUD
5G brings a greater benefit to telecom infrastructure by
enabling decentralization and scalability of mobile
networks to serve more customers with better on
demand service. This is possible to due to
improvements in technologies and software that allows
processing of much network services in servers. there is
an increase momentum of public cloud companies such
as Google, Amazon, Facebook bring their server based
services to operators to define new service to 5G users.
While the server based 5G offering allow network
simplification and greater capabilities of on-demand and
enhanced services. To keep these services operational
and optimized, highly distributed and precise
synchronization is integrated at various subsystems.