5611 5615.output

* GB786019 (A)
Description: GB786019 (A) ? 1957-11-06
New cyclopentanophenanthrene derivatives and process for the production
thereof
Description of GB786019 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
786,019 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 7,
1956.
No 14078/56.
Application made in Mexico on May 9, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), U 2, U 4 (A 2: B 1: B 2: C 4: C 5:
X).
International Classification:-CO 7 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
New Cyclopentanophenanthrene Derivatives and Process for the
Production thereof We, SYNTEX S A, Apartado Postal 2679, Mexico City,
Mexico, a Corporation of Mexico, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it, is to be performed to be particularly described in and by
the following statement: -
The present invention relates to cyclopentanophenanthrene derivatives
and a process for the production thereof.
More particularly, the present invention relates to A" 14
"-pregnatriene-3-ketone compounds especially those compounds
possessing the functional groups characterizing the cortical hormones.

In United States Patent No 2,576,479 of Djerassi, Rosenkranz and
Berlin, granted December 25, 1951, there are disclosed valuable
therapeutic compounds having the functional groups characterizing the
cortical hormones and especially Al'4-dien-3-ones of the 17
-hydroxypregnane series Recently certain of these compounds have been
indicated as especially valuable cortical hormones, specifically the
Al-dehydro analogues of the cortical hormones cortisone and
hydrocortisone which possess a physiological activity 3 to 4 times
greater than cortisone or hydrocortisone (J Am Med Assoc 157, 311 (
1955).
In accordance with the present invention the surprising discovery has
been made that the Al Ahbis-dehydro derivatives, i e A" 14
'6-pregnatriene-3-ketone compounds have important cortical hormone
effects in that they exhibit pharmacological cortical hormone
properties which make them superior to the 1-dehydroderivatives.
The present invention particularly relates to novel cortical hormone
compounds which are indicated by the following formula: 0/, OR Co -O
Af on In the above formula X represents CH,, CH-OH or C= O.
R represents H, or the residue of a hydrocarbon carboxylic acid of
less than 10 carbon atoms such as acetic, propionic, butyric,
cyclopentylpropionic or benzoic, R, represents the same groups as R.
It has also been discovered in accordance with the present invention
that the above compounds may be produced in accordance with a process
exemplified by the following equation: lPrice 3 s 6 d l 2 786,019 Ok'
ae 1 eo brominen er | dekdo& 6 romino/oo 7 In the above equation X, R
and R, represent the same groups as heretofore, however it is
preferably that the starting material indicated above is either a
21-monoester or a 17 a,21-diester and in such event in order to
prepare the free compound it is necessary to saponify the resultant
final 21-monoester or 17 a,21-diester under mild conditions so as not
to alter the dihydroxy-acetone side chain It is further preferable
that the lower fatty acid esters be utilized in the process and in
such event the mono or di-acylates prepared may be saponified to the
free compound and any desired ester prepared therefrom by known
esterification methods.
For the first step of the process as outlined in the above equation
the starting steroid is preferably a mono or di-ester which are
conventional 21-esters or 17 a,21-diesters prepared by a method
capable of esterifying the 17 ahydroxy group.
The starting material is preferably suspended in an organic solvent
such as ether, hydrogen bromide in acetic acid added and approximately
2 molar equivalents of bromine in acetic acid is added slowly thereto
The steroid slowly dissolves Upon concentration of the solution and
purification the corresponding 2,6-dibromo derivative of the starting

material is prepared For the dehydrobromination indicated as the
second step the 2,6-dibromide is preferably refluxed with a tertiary
organic base such as colliding As may be understood, other brominating
agents such as N-bromosuccinimide in carbon tetrachloride may be used
as well as other dehydrohalogenating agents.
The mono or diester preferably prepared as a result of the first two
steps may be carefully saponified as with potassium carbonate to give
the free hydroxy compound The free hydroxy compound may then be
acylated by conventional methods involving for example reaction with
an appropriate acid anhydride or acid chloride to give the
corresponding 21monoester or may be acylated under conditions
previously referred ito, to give the Co 0 17 a,21-diester In each case
the resultant ester was shown to be identical to that derived from the
second step.
The following specific examples serve to illustrate but are not
intended to limit the present invention: EXAMPLE I
19.85 g of the 21-monoacetate of W 4-pregnene-17 a,21-diol-3,20-dione
was suspended in 650 cc of anhydrous ether and cooled in an ice bath A
few drops of a 4-normal solution of hydrogen bromide in acetic acid
were added, followed by 17 3 g of bromine in cc of acetic acid, at
such a rate that the suspension decolourized after each addition.
During this operation, which required about minutes for the addition
of all the bromine solution, the solid steroid slowly went into
solution The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at a
temperature between 15 and 20 C until crystallization started The
crystalline product was collected and washed with ethanol, thus giving
20 g of colourless needles of the 21-monoacetate of 2,6-dibromo4
A'-pregnene-17 a,21-diol-3,20-dione.
A solution of 20 g of this acetate in 120 cc.
of re-distilled anhydrous collidine was refluxed for 30 minutes Ethyl
acetate was added to the cooled solution which was then washed several
times with very dilute sulphuric acid until complete disappearance of
the smell of colliding, then with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution
and water until neutral The solution was concentrated to a small
volume and diluted with hexane, thus yielding 9 2 g.
of the 21-monoacetate of A 1 '46-pregnatriene-17 a,21-diol-3,20-dione.
7 g of this monoacetate was dissolved in cc of methanol and the
temperature adjusted to 230 C With stirring and under a stream of
nitrogen there was added a solution of 1 3 g of potassium carbonate in
15 cc.
of distilled water boiled previously and cooled under an atmosphere of
nitrogen The mixture was kept for 60 minutes at a temperature of 23
-25 C, 10 cc of acetic acid was added and 'the stirring was continued
until the evolu786,019 3 tion of carbon dioxide ceased The solution,

was then poured into 400 cc of water containing 17 g of sodium
chloride, and stirred for five minutes to achieve a complete
precipitation The precipitate was filtered, washed with distilled
water and dried in a vacuum oven at 50 C, thus giving 6 g of A 14
'6-pregnatriene-17 o,21-diol-3,20-dione.
The identical 21-monoacetate was prepared by conventionally reacting
'"'46-pregnatriene17 a,21-diol-3,20-dione with acetic anhydride.
Other 21-esters of A 14,'-pregnatriene-17 %,21diol-3,20-dione are
prepared by reacting the free steroid with acid anhydrides according
to the above described acylation procedure or by conventionally
utilizing the corresponding acyl halides These esters include esters
of hydrocarbon carboxylic acids of less than 10 carbon atoms derived
from saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, carbocyclic, or
cycloaliphatic, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl, mono, di or polycarboxylic
acids which form ester groups such as for example formyloxy,
propionoxy, dimethyl-acetoxy, trimethylacetoxy, butyryfoxy,
valeryloxy, benzoyloxy, phenylacetoxy, toluoyloxy,
cyclopentylformyloxy, acryloxy and the esters of dicarboxylic acids
such as succinic, glutaric and adipic.
EXAMPLE II
22 g of the diacetate of A 4-pregnene17 o,,21-diol-3,20-dione was
treated in exactly the same way as described in Example I.
Dibromination and dehydrobromination afforded 12 g of the diacetate of
A 14 '6-pregnatriene-17 a,21-dioi-3,20-dione.
g of this diacetate was, suspended in cc of methanol previously
distilled over potassium hydroxide, and stirred at 200 C.
under an atmosphere of nitrogen A solution was then added of 3 2 g of
anhydrous potassium carbonate in 25 Icc of water previously boiled and
cooled under an atmosphere of nitrogen The mixture was stirred for 30
minutes under an atmosphere of nitrogen at a temperature of 23 C 2 5
cc of acetic acid was added and the solution was poured into 500 cc of
ice water containing 25 g of sodium chloride The mixture was kept
standing for minutes and the precipitate was filtered and washed with
distilled water Crystallization from ethyl acetate yielded 8 g of
Al'4,'-pregnatriene-17 a,21-diol-3,20-dione, identical to the one
obtained in accordance with Example Reaction of the free Al 4
A-pregnatriene17 %,21-diol-3,20-dione with acetic anhydride by a
prolonged reaction at room temperature in the presence of
p-toluenesulphonic acid gave the same 17 a,21-diacetate previously
referred to Other diesters of hydrocarbon carboxylic acids of less
than 10 carbon atoms, i e those mentioned in Example I, were also
prepared by this method.
EXAMPLE III
Working exactly as described in Example I, there was obtained the Al 4

' -pregnatriene17 a,21-diol-3,11,20-trione and the 21-monoacetate from
the monoacetate of cortisone.
EXAMPLE IV
Working exactly as described in Example 70 I, there was obtained A 14
f-pregnatriene17 o,21-dial-3,11,20-trione and the 17,21-diacetate from
the diacetate of cortisone.
EXAMPLE V
Working exactly as described in Example I, 75 there was obtained the
Al'4 '6-pregnatriene11 l 317 a,21-btriol-3,20-jdione and the
21-monoacetate from the 21-monoacetate of hydrocortisone i
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB786020 (A)
Description: GB786020 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Organopolysiloxane nitriles
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
DE1115026 (B)
DE1115026 (B) less

786,020 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 22,
1956.
No 15829/56.
Application made in United States of America on July 18, 1955.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 7), S( 1 A: 3 A: 3 B: 6: 7 B: 7 D), T 6
(D 4: F 2: G 3: G 7 E), T 6 K( 2 C: 2 X:
5), T 6 K 8 (B: C: E: X).
International Classification:-CO 8 g.
Organopolysiloxane Nitriles We, MIDLAND SIL Ic ON Es LIMITED, a
British Company, of 19 Upper Brook Street, London, W 1, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to siloxanes having syano-alkyl radicals
attached to the silicon.
It is an object of this invention to provide novel compounds which are
useful intermediates in the preparation of amide and acid substituted
polysiloxanes Another object of this invention is to provide
organopolysiloxanes which will give organosiloxane rubbers of improved
strength and of improved solvent resistance.
This invention provides organopolysiloxanes of the unit general
formula R' R Nm CCHI(CH 2)05 i O in which R' is a methyl radical or a
hydrogen atom, N has an average value from 1 to 3 inclusive and R is a
monovalent hydrocarbon radical free from aliphatic unsaturation.
The products of this invention may be prepared by either of two
methods The first method is that of reacting a corresponding
unsaturated nitrile with a chlorosilane of the general formula R Si HC
12 in the presence of platinum dispersed on charcoal followed by
hydrolysis Under such conditions addition of the silane to the
unsaturated linkage in the nitrile occurs according, for example, to
the equation C 12 R Si H C 12 + CH 2 = CH(CH 2),C=-N-R Si C 112 CH 2
(CH 0)2 C-N.
An alternative method involves the condensation of a
chloromethylalkoxysilane with an ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of
sodium followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation of (O Et) COO Et R
Si CH 2 Cl + RICH CN the resulting product to give a cyanoethyl 40
siloxane This process may be represented by the equations:
(O Et)2 R 1 COO Et Na R Si CH 2 C CN Na OH H 120 COO Na HCI O R' COOH
I I R Si CH 2 C CN In these reactions R and R' are as above defined.

O R' I 1 1850 C R Si CH 2 CHC=_N Co-polymers of the siloxanes of this
invention and siloxanes of the unit general formula O R'1 R Si CH 2 C
C=_N R"m Si O 4,m can be prepared This may be done either by
co-hydrolysing the corresponding chlorosilanes or by catalytic
interaction of the corresponding siloxanes In the latter case either
acid or alkaline catalysts may be employed provided the conditions
used are such that the nitrile groups are not hydrolysed In general,
it is preferable to carry out the interaction under anhydrous
conditions and at temperatures below 1000 C.
If desired, the presence of polar solvents such as acetonitrile may be
used to facilitate the interaction.
Co-polymers within the scope of this invention range in the
composition from 01-99 9 mol per cent of siloxane units of the unit
general formula R' R I I NCCH(CH 2)Si O and from 01-99 9 mol per cent
of siloxane units of the formula R Wlm Si O,_ in which R, R' and i are
as above defined, RW is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical and m has an
average value from 1 to 3 inclusive.
In the compounds of this invention R can be any monovalent hydrocarbon
radical which is free from aliphatic unsaturation such as, for
example, alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl and octadecyl;
cycloaliphatic radicals such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; aromatic
hydrocarbon radicals such as phenyl, xenyl, naphthyl and tolyl and
aralkyl hydrocarbon radicals such as benzyl.
In this invention R can be any monovalent hydrocarbon radical such as
alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, butyl and octadecyl; alkenyl
radicals such as vinyl, allyl and hexenyl; cycloaliphatic radicals
such as cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexenyl; aromatic hydrocarbon
radicals such as phenyl, xenyl, tolyl and naphthyl and aralkyl
hydrocarbon radicals such as benzyl.
The polysiloxane nitriles of this invention, both the homo-polymers
and co-polymers, are of utility in the preparation of
organopolysiloxane rubbers These rubbers may be prepared in the usual
manner by compounding the siloxane with a vulcanising agent and if
desired a filler and thereafter vulcanising the composition at the
appropriate temperature For the purpose of this invention any
vulcanising agent normally employed with siloxanes is operative.
These include organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, tertiary
butyl perbenzoate or chlorobenzoyl peroxides; combinations of alkyl
polysilicates such as ethyl polysilicate with salts of carboxylic
acids such as lead octoate and dibutyl tin diacetate; combinations of
hydrogen-containing siloxanes such as (Me H Si O)1 and salts of
carboxylic acids such as zinc naphthenate; and sulphur with or without
accelerators When sulphur is employed the siloxane must contain
alkenyl groups.

Rubbers prepared from the siloxane polymers and co-polymers of this
invention are characterised by good thermal stability, high tensile
strengths and good resistance to swelling in hydrocarbon solvents This
combination of properties makes them useful for gaskets, electrical
insulation, and other uses requiring such a combination of properties.
If desired, the siloxanes may be compounded with any of the
conventional fillers such as, silica aerogel, fume silicas,
diatomaceous earth, titanium dioxide, clay, zinc oxide, ferric oxide
and crushed quartz.
The following examples illustrate the invention.
The abbreviations " Me " " Et " and " Ph " denote the methyl, ethyl
and phenyl radicals respectively.
EXAMPLE 1.
40.5 G of CH 11 =CHCH 2 CH 1 =N was added slowly to a mixture of 75 g
of methyldichlorosilane and 1 g of powdered charcoal having 2 % by
weight of platinum dispersed thereon The mixture was refluxed and the
temperature gradually rose to 110 C.
over a period of 21 hours The resulting mixture was filtered and
fractionated to give the compound Cl.
Me Si(CH 2)4 C=N, boiling point 1450 C at 19 mm.
The chlorosilane was poured onto ice and stirred until all the ice was
melted The resulting product was extracted with ether and the ether
was evaporated to give a thin liquid which thickened upon being heated
at 2000 C.
to a cloudy, syrupy polysiloxane of the unit formulae Me N.-C(CH 2)45
i O.
This material was co-polymerised with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane by
adding a catalytic amount of sulphuric acid to a mixture of the two
and allowing them to stand The resulting 105 product was a viscous,
sticky co-polymer of mol per cent Me I N_ c(j Hn),Sio and 50 mol per
cent Me Si O.
786,020 Me N-CGHCOO Et in the presence of sodium in accordance with 50
the procedure of Example 2 and the resulting product was hydrolysed
and decarboxylated in accordance with that example, a polysiloxane of
the unit formula EXAMPLE 2.
23 G of sodium was dissolved in 500 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and
124 3 g of ethyl cyanoacetate was added rapidly to the solution.
182 6 g of chloromethylmethyldiethoxysilane was then added over a
period of -' hour The mixture was refluxed for 30 hours The reaction
mixture was filtered and the solvent removed by distillation The
residue was fractionated to give the compound Me CN l l (Et O)2 Si CG
CHCOO Et, boiling point 139-141 C at 8 mm, N 42 ' 1.4291 and MRD 65 7.
G of this product in 30 mol of ethanol were mixed with 3 25 g of
potassium hydroxide in 30 ml of water After 15 minutes the solution

was neutral to litmus paper The ethanol was removed at room
temperature under vacuum and the residue was treated with an
equivalent amount of hydrochloric acid The product was then extracted
with ether and the ether layer dried over calcium sulphate The
resulting solution was evaporated to give a viscous, colorless liquid
which was decarboxylated by heating at 185 C on an oil bath for 3 hour
The resulting product was a rubbery, solid polysiloxane of the unit
formula Me NC(CH 2)25 i O.
EXAMPLE 3.
71 8 G ( 0 625 g -mol) of methyldichlorosilane 33 5 g ( 0 5 g -mol) of
allyl cyanide and 1 g of finely dispersed charcoal containing 2 % by
weight platinum were mixed After an induction period the mixture began
to react vigorously and external cooling was necessary.
After the initial reaction subsided the mixture was heated overnight
The resulting product was distilled to give a colourless liquid which
was the chlorosilane of the formula Me NC(CH 2)3-Si C 12, boiling
point 1220 C at 17 mm.
This chlorosilane was hydrolysed with water to give a viscous, sticky
polysiloxane of the unit formula Me NC(CH 2),Si O.
Ex AM Pv LE 4.
When chloromethylmethyldiethoxysilane was condensed with the compound
Me Me i i N E'C C i C 12,Si U was obtained.
EXAMPLE 5.
When Ph Si HCI 2 was reacted with CH, = CHCHC 2 GHKCN in accordance
with the procedure of Example 1, the compound C 12 Ph Si(CH 2)4 CN was
obtained.
When this compound was hydrolysed with water a viscous, sticky
siloxane of the unit formula Ph Si(CHI)C=N was obtained.
When 1 mol of this material was interacted with 0 01 mol of
hexamethyldisiloxane at a temperature of 900 C in the presence of the
70 salt Me 3 Si OK in amount of one K atom per 10,000 Si atoms, a
liquid co-polymer of the molecular formula Ph Me 3,Sio Slio N Si Me '
(CH 2)4 C r was obtained.
EXAMPLE 6.
When 1 mol of Cl 2 Me Si(CH 2),Cm N was co-polymerised by
co-hydrolysis and cocondensation with 1 mol of vinyltrichlorosilane, 1
mol of octadecylmethyldichlorosilane, 1 mol of
phenylmethyldichlorosilane and 1 mol of methyltrichlorosilane in
toluene solution, a resinous co-polymer of the composition 20 mol per
cent 786,020 Me Si(CH 2 JCN, mol per cent of monovinylsiloxane, 20 mol
per cent of octadecylmethylsiloxane, 20 mol per cent of
plienylmethylsiloxane and 20 mol per cent of monomethylsiloxane was
obtained.

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* GB786021 (A)
Description: GB786021 (A)
ARRANGEMENT FOR PERFORMING ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING AN
INTERMEDIATE
STORAGE
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amongst the following family members:
DE1021188 (B) US3403385 (A) US3530285 (A)
DE1021188 (B) US3403385 (A) US3530285 (A) less
7869021 I Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June
23, 1950.
No 15773/50.
Application made In Germany on Oct 1, 1948.
Index at acceptance:-Class 106 ( 1), A( 1 X: 2 A: 2 B: 2 C: 2 F 1: 5

A: 5 B: 6 C: 7 A: 8 B: 9 X: 10 A: 10 B:
1 OF: 13).
International Classification:-G 06 f.
Improvements in or relating to Electric Calculators I, GERHARD DIRKS,
of Moerfelder Landstrasse 44, Frankfurt on Main, Germany, of German
nationality, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to automatic calculators, which are controllable
by means of electrical or magnetic signals.
Calculators, as hitherto known, may be classified as mechanical,
electromechanical and electronic calculators The electromechanical and
electronic calculators are very superior to those working on a
mechanical principle, both in efficiency and adaptability but,
according to the state of technology prevailing up to now, they
require an extraordinarily large number of relays, electronic tubes,
switching means and wiring Moreover, these machines are heavy, bulky
and very expensive.
In order to replace mechanical and electromechanical calculators by
the more efficient electronic computing means, one has applied either
electrical measuring processes with limited accuracies, or digit
computing processes.
It is characteristic of the known mechanical or electromechanical
calculating processes, that the computing means for each denomination
of a number to be processed are provided with means for the following
computing functions These computing functions are:( 1) recording or
storing the result (for example by a definite positioning of a counter
wheel in each denomination), ( 2) adding or subtracting within each
denomination (for example, by means of a rotation of the wheels
corresponding to digit values), ( 3) separating between a digit value
remaining in the same denomination, and a value to be carried over to
the next denomination, ( 4) forwarding the carry-over to the next
denomination.
lPrico w 6 d l The lines of development which have been followed
hitherto in electronic digital calculators likewise require for each
denomination means which are able to carry out the said four
processes.
This requirement entails basic difficulties, as the conditions to be
met for the process ( 1) of storing are radically different from those
met for the computing processes ( 2)-( 4) The means for carrying out
both types of process differ in principle and can be combined only
with difficulty.

Electronic calculators combining all said processes within the same
means are therefore unnecessarily delicate and expensive.
Such a combination has the disadvantage that for every denomination
calculating means must be installed whose calculation potential is
used only for a fraction of the time while they are mainly needed as
storing means.
It has been proposed to have separate means for the storage and
computing processes For example storing by means of electro magnetic
relays and by flip-flop circuits has been proposed but for the large
storage capacities required this involves a large and expensive plant
for the storing process It has also been proposed to make use of
mercury delay lines for the storing process but this necessitates very
delicate apparatus and a close supervision as to temperature and to
the re-amplification of the signals Furthermore, it has been proposed
to employ a magnetic wire or tape as a storage means but these had too
slow an access time for use as part of an arithmetic unit and have
therefore been proposed only as input and output means.
As modern book-keeping machines and like office machinery require a
large storing capacity with quick access to any part of the storage
means, all the said proposals have been quite unsuccessful for such
machines If therefore these tasks of storage and computing are to be
solved with known electronic calculators, extremely large plants are
needed often requiring several rooms in a building, and because of
their volume and their complexity they have been used for purely
mathematical purposes only.
With electronic calculators working on the binary principle, each
problem to be calculated must be expressed in terms of the numerical
values 0 and 1 only They require a previous transformation of the
initial normal numbers into binary numbers as well as, vice versa, a
return transformation of the final binary numbers into normal numbers.
As the calculation with binary numbers is only adaptable if the
transformation from normal numbers to binary numbers does not require
more time and other requirements than the mere calculation process
demands, such calculators are only suitable for the solution of
mathematical problems and especially only when a number transformed
into the binary system or derivations of such a number may be
repeatedly employed Therefore computers based on the binary principle
are not applicable for the ordinary commercial office machines for
book-keeping and the like, but only for very expensive large capacity
punched card machinery.
The great size of the known electronic calculators or rather
calculating plants restricts them to use in a definite location
prepared for them, and the servicing of them is extremely expensive.
The electronic calculator according to this invention is, on the other

hand, very reliable, simple, relatively small, handy and relatively
cheap It is suitable as a unit which can be used in combination with
the usual office machines, such as typewriters, book-keeping machines
of all kinds and sizes, and also for special machines, such as
machines for statistical and organising purposes It is further more
suitable for all desired combinations of such machines or for parts of
such machines and may be built in the most simple manner either as an
independent unit or in conjunction with other machines, or
combinations of machines.
The calculators according to this invention are, moreover,
considerably superior to all hitherto known electronic calculators
since, due to their relatively small size and simple and sturdy
construction they can be built as portable units and carried on a
journey in comparatively small receptacles (trunks, etc).
By building standardised types the manufacture, storage, sale, use and
servicing of the improved machines may be further simplified and
cheapened.
The new principle according to this invention is to have a separate
means for each of the four functions, and each operating for all the
denominations.
The process subsequently described requires only a single computing
means including a single digit value processing means and a single
carry-over means for the computing functions ( 2)-( 4) in all
denominations.
The process requires also only one computing record means for the
recording process ( 1) for all denominations In operation it takes one
digit value from the record means, 70 processes it arithmetically with
another digit value (for example, adds, subtracts, etc) in the single
computing means common for all denominations, removes the first-named
digit value from the record means and records the 75 new resulting
digit value in the record means.
This separation of functions may lead to complete separation of the
functions ( 1)-( 4) described above.
As the requirement of simultaneous record 80 ing and computing by the
same means can be dispensed with, a simple record means can be used
which is capable of recording a very large number of digit values It
therefore also facilitates in the simplest manner the produc 85 tion
of calculators with large capacity.
Furthermore, very steady and reliable circuit arrangements can be
provided for the three remaining computing functions ( 2) ( 4), which
could not be used otherwise, since they 90 are not required for
function ( 1).
The present invention provides a calculating machine comprising input
means and output means and, for one or more numbers, a computing

record means and an electrically 95 operating computing arrangement
(arithmetic unit), the said record means being other than a magnetic
tape or wire and having digit values represented by a change of the
electric or magnetic state of the record material of such 100 means,
different digit values being represented by such changes in different
localities of the record means each allocated to only one digit value,
the digit values being transferred to the computing arrangement from
the record means 105 denomination after denomination to effect result
signals under the control of other digit values delivered to the
computing arrangement, the result signals being transferred to the
same or other record means 110 Usually the said digit values are
transferred to the computing arrangement from the record means during
the computation of the different denominations of a number The digit
values within each denomination may be 115 recorded successively,
transferred and processed successively, effecting successive result
signals Resulting signals may be returned to appropriate localities on
the same record means from which one of the operands was 120 received
or to a record means moving in synchronism therewith.
According to another feature of the invention, the first said digit
values are transferred at the respective instant and/or period in 125
respect of a time base of which different instants and/or periods
represent different digit values Also, denominational values may be
transferred at the respective periods or a time base of which
different periods represent 130 786,021 below or equal to and those
above a limiting value In a normal decimal system such limiting value
would be " 9 " In a sterling currency system it would for example be "
11 " in a carry-over from pence to shillings and " 19 " in a
carry-over from shillings to pounds.
Other numerical systems would have other limiting values.
VALUE DIMINISHING MEANS A device for dividing a value greater than the
limiting value into two separate values, one equal to the limiting
value plus one (diminishing value), and the other being the remainder
or excess over the first.
SIGNAL-FORWARDING MEANS A device for carrying the diminishing value as
a digit value " 1 " into the next higher denomination.
different denominational values The said different localities may be
determined with reference to a fixed point on the record means or to
synchronising signals on the record means, and the time base above
mentioned may be determined with reference to the control frequency of
one or more electronic switches or to one or more synchronising
signals of distributing means.
The invention may be further characterised in that digit values are
represented in one or other of a plurality of number areas by changes
of state effected at different instants of a time base, and

denominational values are represented by different areas of the record
means, or vice versa, and the transferring of signals between record
means and computer arrangements may be operated on a basis of locality
and/or time selectively.
According to a further feature of the invention, there is relative
movement between the record means and sensing means in the computing
arrangement and during each cycle of such relative movement any area
of the record means can be selected for sensing Also, denomination
areas may be sensed in different computer areas at the same time.
In the description and in the appended claims the following terms
having the meanings shown:
CALCULATOR A machine incorporating signal-input and signal-output
means, a computing arrangement (arithmetic unit) and a computing
record means adapted to record one or more numbers.
The input and control means may be for example a keyboard, a magnetic
tape or otherwise, and the output means may be for example a magnetic
tape, disc, or drum, or the indicating screen of a cathode ray tube, a
printing unit or other indicator or the like.
The computing record means may for example be a magnetizable drum or
disc, the screen of a cathode ray tube, or other means (not being a
magnetic tape or wire) capable of recording and storing sensible
computing signals (the term computing signals including both value
signals for digit values and denomination values, and also control
signals).
This record means may be made up of number areas or sections each of
which can record signals for all the denominations of a number.
The computing arrangement or arithmetic unit incorporates digit-value
processing means (processing means) which are used to carry out
algebraic processes (addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division).
In the particular embodiments described, the computing arrangement
includes carryover means, which may be defined as a device including
signal separating-, value diminishing-, and signal-forwarding means,
each of which is defined below.
SIGNAL SEPARATING MEANS A device distinguishing between signals
PRE-MARK SIGNAL A signal made effective by a value-diminish 85 ing
means to cause the signal-forwarding means to carry the digit value "
1 " to the next denomination A pre-mark switch is a switch for
effecting the recording of a premark signal 90 The invention may be
provided with input means as set forth in my co-pending Application No
37214/54 (Serial No 786,033) and/or with output means as set forth in
my co-pending Application No 37201/54, 95 37203/54 and 37205/54
(Serial Nos 786,022, 786,024 and 786,026).
The calculating apparatus described in this specification is also

described wholly or in part in Specifications Nos 37226/54, 37227/54,
100
37229/54, 37230/54, 37231/54 and 37232/ 54 (Serials Nos 786,044,
786,045, 786,047, 786,048, 786,049, and 786,050), but the scope of the
claims differs in each case.
The invention is illustrated by the accom 105 panying drawings,
wherein: Fig 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a machine
incorporating the invention and constructed as a book-keeping machine
and embodying a magnetizable disc as a comput 110 ing record means,
Fig 2 is a fragmentary sectional elevation, looking to the left of Fig
1, Fig 3 is a view in axial direction of one half of the said disc,
formed as a magnetizable 115 signal carrier, the marking shown being
purely imaginary for the purpose of explanation.
Fig 4 a is a perspective view of one example of a magnetic signal
head, for example a sensing head on a magnetizable carrier, 120 Fig 4
b is a perspective view of an example of a set of heads consisting of
two magnetic heads for the forwarding of a signal with change of digit
value by " one," Fig 4 c is a perspective view of an example 125 of a
set of signal heads consisting of 11 magnetic heads for transfer of
computing signals in dependence on the operation of numerical value
switches or the like, Fig 4 d is a perspective view illustrating a 130
786,021 set of signal heads according to Fig 4 c in association with a
disc according to Fig 3, Fig 4 e is a like view to Fig 4 d showing
another example of a set of heads consisting of 11 magnetic heads,
which in this case embrace the disc at its edge, Figs 4 f-4 t
illustrate various forms of signals recorded on the record carrier,
the resultant shapes being modified because of the various alternative
recording arrangements which may be used in the carrying out of the
invention; and in said Fgures: Fig 4 f is a diagram in which the digit
value 6 is marked by recording A C in sine wave form in the digit
value fields 0-6,
Fig 4 g is a complementary recording of the digit value, by recording
A C in the digit value fields 7-9,
Fig 4 h shows how the digit value 6 is marked by recording impulses in
all the fields
0-6, Fig 4 i indicates that only the beginning of the row of digit
value fields is marked by an impulse as a " start" signal, the digit
value field 6 contains the digit value signal and the end is indicated
by a " stop " impulse, Fig 4 k is similar to Fig 4 i but with the "
start " and " stop " signals being of inverted polarity, one side of
the impulses being flat because it is effected by the discharge of a
condenser, Fig 41 shows that only the digit value field " 6 " is
indicated by an impulse, Fig 4 m illustrates how " start " and "stop"
signals are given by the sides of an elongated rectangular signal, the

digit value fields being indicated by an additional impulse, Fig 4 N
is similar to Fig 4 m, but with the " start " and stop " signals
indicated by an impulse in inverted direction, Fig 4 o is also similar
to Fig 4 m, wherein the inversion point of the " start " and " stop
signals indicates the digit-value field,
Fig 4 p is a diagram wherein "start," " stop " and digit value signals
are represented by wave periods, Fig 4 q is a diagram wherein "start"
and "stop " signals are given at the beginning and the end of the
sequence of periods and the digit value signal by the interruption
between them, Fig 4 r is similar to Fig 4 q, but with the interruption
filled by a wave of another frequency, Fig 4 S is a diagram wherein
the digit value field is marked by a signal formed by using different
frequencies, Fig 4 t illustrates how the recording can be effected by
a constant A C, the start signal and the digit value signal being
represented by short interruptions, Fig 5 is a perspective view of a
part of the disc according to Fig 3, as a rotor, with magnetic signal
heads, arranged as a stator, Fig 6 a is a representation in
rectangular form of the rotatable record means, which in Fig 3 are
shown as sections of the disc, and showing representations of definite
signals for the number " 28," Fig 6 b is a similar view to Fig 6 a,
show 70 ing the disposition of the various transmission means, e g
signal heads in a stator in relation to the various parts of the
record means, Fig 7 a is a diagram of a part or track on the disc of
Fig 3, with the signals representing 75 the number " 28," Fig 7 b
shows two tracks according to Fig.
7 a, with signal transmission means for the transfer of a signal from
track to track without change of value (" 8 + 0 = 8 "), 80 Fig 7 c
shows likewise two such tracks with signal heads displaced relatively
to each other, which are used for a transfer from track to track with
a change of value (" 8 + 1 = 9 "), Fig 8 a is a diagram showing two
tracks of 85 a record mean, a full keyboard, a selector switch for the
several denominational positions (columns) and with the circuit in
condition for a signal transfer from track a to track b, for the
problem (" O + 8 = 8 ") recorded in sector I, 90 Fig 8 b is a like
view but with the circuit in condition for the problem " 00 + 20 = 20
" recorded in sector II, Fig 8 c is a like view but with the circuit
in condition for the problem " 000 + 000 = 000 " 95 recorded in sector
III, Fig 9 a shows likewise the circuit in condition for the problem "
8 + 1 = 9 " recorded in sector I, Fig 9 b shows the same parts in
condition 100 for the problem " 2 + 9 = 11 " recorded in sector II,
Fig 9 c shows the same for the problem 0 + 0 = 0 " recorded in sector
III, Fig 10 a is a diagram showing three tracks 105 which allow a
transfer of signals from one track to a second or a third track, so
that the signal is recorded on the second track if below or equal to

the limiting value or on the third track if it is greater than the
limiting value 110 In this case (Fig 10 a) the transferred signal is
below the limiting value in sector I, Fig l Ob illustrates the same
process as Fig.
a, but with the transferred signal greater than the limiting value in
sector II, 115 Fig l Oc shows the transfer of signal " O " from the
second track to the third track, with the forwarding of a digit value
"one" as carry-over in sector III, Fig 1 la shows three tracks of a
magnetiz 120 able carrier with signal transfer means for the sensing
of computing signals from a track for signals for digit values equal
to or lower than the limiting value, without any diminishing of value,
in sector I, 125 Fig 11 b shows the same operation for digit values
higher than the limiting value with a diminishing of value in sector
II, Fig 1 c shows the same process as in Fig.
1 la, but in sector III, 130 786,021 Fig 19 a shows in symbolic form
the means for signal transfer diminishing of value (amplifier circuit
" C "), Fig 19 b shows in more detail a simple embodiment of the
amplifier circuit "C" control 70 ling an electromechanical relay as
carry-over pre-mark switch, Fig 19 c shows in still more detail the
amplifier circuit " C " but without carry-over pre-mark switch, 75 Fig
20 a shows in symbolic form the signal transfer means with diminishing
of value amplifier circuit " D "), Fig 20 b shows in more detail a
simple embodiment of amplifier circuit " D " using so an
electromechanical relay as carry-over premark switch, Fig 20 c is a
like view to Fig 20 b but controlling an electronic relay as
carry-over premark switch, 85 Fig 21 a shows in symbolic form the
means for the carry-over for the " fugitive one " in subtraction
problems (amplifier circuit " E "), Fig 21 b shows in more detail an
embodiment of the amplifier circuit " E " with elec 90 tronic relay,
Fig 22 shows a complete wiring diagram embodying the amplifier
circuits "A" to " E " shown in Figs 17 g, 18 c, 19 c, 20 c, (as
twostage amplifiers) and 21 b, 95 Fig 23 a is a view in the axial
direction of an inductive distributor, similar to that of Fig.
17 f, Fig 23 b is an edge view of the rotor used in the distributor of
Fig 23 a, 100 Fig 23 c is a cross section of the stator shown in Fig
23 a, on the line "A"-" B ", Fig 23 d shows a wiring diagram for the
control of gas-discharge tubes by an inductive distributor according
to Figs 23 a-c, 105 Fig 23 e shows the combination of an inductive
distributor similar to that of Fig 23 a with two contact switches of
commutator type, Fig 24 a is a diagram indicating how multiplication
is effected by repeated addition 110 from a full keyboard or punched
card or like selection device, with controlled electronic sector
switches.
Fig 24 b shows in principle an alternative control device for use in

multiplication and 115 division, Fig 25 a is a front view of a
register shifting device for factors having up to 8 denominations, Fig
25 b is a side elevation of the device 120 of Fig 25 a, Fig 25 c is a
part plan of the machine of Fig 1, showing the register shifting
device and the record means and signal heads, Fig 26 shows the basic
principle of the cal 125 culator for addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division with electronically controlled register
shifting device and cycle counter, Fig 27 a illustrates an alternative
arrangement of record means, sensing, transferring, 130 Fig 12 a is a
view corresponding to Fig 8 a, but illustrating means for adding and
subtracting digit values, the case shown being the addition problem "
1 + 8 = 9," Fig 12 b is a view corresponding to Fig.
12 a, but showing a subtraction problem by complementary addition " 1
+ 1 = 2," Fig 13 shows in a perspective view similar to Fig 5, a
rotatable signal carrier and stationary signal heads arranged above it
with a schematic representation of co-ordinated amplifier circuits A,
B, C, D and E, Figs 14 a-e show diagrammatically a discshaped
rotatable record means with the corresponding stationary signal heads
shown in a semi-circular ring, the separate figures showing successive
phases of the problem " 00 + 28 = 28," Figs 15 a-e show the same parts
as Figs.
14 a-e, but in the successive phases of another addition problem " 28
+ 91 = 119," Figs 16 a-h illustrate correspondingly the successive
phases of the subtraction problem " 119 84 = 35," Fig 17 a shows in
symbolic form the digit value processing means comprising a sensing
head, amplifier, group of numerical value switches and numerical value
coils associated with recording heads (amplifier circuit "A"), Fig 17
b shows in more detail a simple embodiment of the amplifier circuit
"A" of Fig 17 a, Fig 17 c shows in still more detail the amplifier
circuit "A" of Figs 17 a and 17 b, Fig 17 d is a side view of an
inductively actuating distribution arm serving as an alternative to
the contact sector switches of Figs 17 b and 17 c, Fig 17 e shows an
edge view of the same, Fig 17 f shows a section through an inductively
actuated distributor including the arm of Figs 17 d and 17 e, Fig 17 g
is the wiring diagram of the amplifier circuit "A" with an electronic
sector switch controlled by the distributor of Fig 17 f, Fig 17 h is
the wiring diagram of the amplifier circuit "A" with electronic digit
value switches also controlled by a distributor, Fig 18 a shows in
symbolic form the digit value separating and forwarding means
comprising a sensing head, amplifier, pre-mark switch and two pairs of
recording heads (amplifier circuit " B "), Fig 18 b shows in more
detail a simple embodiment of the amplifier circuit " B " using an
electromechanical relay as a carry-over pre-mark switch, Fig 18 c
shows in still more detail the amplifier circuit "B " of Figs 1 Sa and

18 b but with a carry-over pre-mark switch in the form of an
electronic relay, Fig 18 d shows an alternative arrangement of an
amplifier circuit " B " with an electronic relay comprising
exclusively high vacuum tubes, 786,021 6 78,2 separating and
diminishing means, Fig 27 b shows a further alternative combining the
digit value processing and carryover means, Fig 27 c is a view
corresponding to Fig 17 a showing the amplifier circuits "A" and " B "
as applied to the alternative arrangement of Fig 27 a, Fig 27 d shows
the amplifier circuits " C" and " D " also as applied to Fig 27 a, Fig
27 e is a part of amplifier circuit " D," as applied to Fig 27 a and
showing the premark switch for carry-over, Figs 27 f and 27 g show how
a discrimination is made between the two sensing heads of Fig 27 a by
electronic relay means, Fig 28 is a diagram showing the positions of
the signal heads relatively to the record means (shown as side-by-side
rectangular panels) but with displacement on sensing instead of on
recording as in Fig 6 b, Fig 29 is the wiring diagram of a calculator
with full keyboard when using the arrangement of Fig 28, Fig 30 shows
the wiring diagram of a multi-counter book-keeping machine in which
the input of digits is effected by a ten's keyboard, and the
processing of the signals is effected during the sensing, using the
arrangement of Figs 28 and 29, Fig 3 la shows the main shaft, and the
parts rotating therewith, of the calculator illustrated in Fig 26 but
without shift register, Fig 31 b is a view in axial direction of a
magnetizable disc used as a record means for the signals separated
according to whether they are below or equal to the limiting value, or
above the limiting value, Fig 31 c is an edge view of the disc in Fig.
31 b, Fig 31 d is a view in axial direction of a toothed disc used in
the one case as a signal generator for zero signals, and in another
case as a distributor rotor, Fig 31 e is an edge of the disc in Fig 31
d, Fig 32 is a face view of a computing record means formed as a disc,
with representations of tracks, digit value localities, denominational
sectors, and computing signals, as well as with a luminescent layer
for the stroboscopic indication of the numbers represented by the
signals, Figs 33 a, 33 b and 33 c are diagrams in perspective
representing respectively the indication of result signals by annular
stroboscopic, parallel stroboscopic, and cathode ray tube devices, Fig
34 a shows diagrammatically one method of computing by distributive
means, Fig 34 b is a delay means for delaying the pre-mark switch in
Fig 34 a, Fig 35 shows another method of computing by distributive
means and including a full keyboard, Fig 36 a is a part of a wiring
diagram of a computing arrangement incorporating the use of
cross-coils, showing how the coils are connected to the transmission
means and to recording heads, Figs 36 b, 36 c illustrate the wiring of
one example of a complete arrangement for computing by cross-coils,

with the simultaneous introduction of the second digit-value from
amagnetic record means, and adapted for addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division, Figs 36 d, 36 e, 36 f, 36 g illustrate
diagrammatically methods of computing e g with the cross-coils of Figs
36 a-36 c, Fig 36 h shows in part sectional elevation one constructive
embodiment of the cross-coil arrangement in combination with the
rotatable means for sensing the results, Fig 37 a shows a magnetizable
drum used as input and output means and as selective storage and
having a set of signal heads movable along its surface, said drum
being motor driven and geared to the mechanism for moving the heads,
Fig 37 b is a perspective view of a feeding mechanism for dealing with
two magnetizable tapes, Fig 37 c is a plan view of a disc bearing
optically sensible signals, Fig 38 is a diagram illustrating a method
of computing in which two input signals cooperate to select and
energize a coil representing the result, Fig 39 is a wiring diagram of
a device incorporating a capacitor for recording computing signals
according to the digit values presented by a keyboard, Fig 40 is a
wiring diagram showing the principle of processing by means of a
condenser as a result element, Fig 41 is a wiring diagram of an
arrange, ment for processing by means of a condenser as result
element, Fig 42 is the wiring of a computing arrangement wherein the
result is derived from result elements by means of deflecting a
cathode ray, Fig 43 is a wiring diagram of an electronic switch for
distributing computing signals to conductors co-ordinated to digit
values, denominations, etc.
Fig 44 is an electronic switch for controlling the recording of
computing signals, Fig 45 shows perspectively the cathode ray tube of
Figs 43 and 44, Fig 46 is a wiring diagram of a computer including the
screen of a cathode ray tube as record means.
In the drawings only so much of the mechanical parts of the calculator
has been included as is necessary for the understanding of the
invention, whilst for reason of clarity the electrical wiring diagrams
and the arithmetical problems dealt with have purposely been
simplified.
786,021 already stated, connected horizontally to all 65 other
keyboard contacts 160 for the keys having the same digit value " 0 "
The second horizontal line of keys 9 ' represent the digit value 1 in
all the denominations.
The contact 161 is therefore connected in 70 parallel horizontally
with the contacts 161 of all the other keys representing the digit
value "'1 " On the other hand there are vertical connections between
the other spring contacts 15 75 of the several pairs below the keys
For instance, spring contacts 15 shown in Fig 2 are connected to each
other vertically in the row 8 ' (Fig 1).

By means of the horizontal connection of the 80 respective contacts 16
for the same digit value, and the vertical connection of the spring
contacts 15 in the respective denominations, the full keyboard is
enabled to indicate, by depressing the appropriate key and closing the
85 corresponding contacts, any digit value in any denomination within
the capacity of the machine For any addition or subtraction operation,
and comparable with mechanically operating calculators, the keys of
the keyboard 90 will be arrested only for one such operation, whereas
for multiplying or dividing operations the keys remain arrested until
the operation has been completed.
The calculator contains within the casing 17 95 computers which
perform the operations of adding, subtracting and so on The mechanical
parts of the computers in the example now being described comprise a
shaft 18, which is rotated by the motor 19 either intermittently 100
or continuously as is described below On the said shaft 18 is mounted
the disc 7, comprising the computing record means (computing signal
carrier) The surface of the disc has a magnetizable layer, enabling
the recording, 105 sensing and erasing of signals inductively The
recording of such signals is effected during a movement of this disc 7
relatively to a stator indicated generally as 20 and comprising a set
of signal heads for recording, sensing and eras 110 ing respectively
The stator parts are mounted on the frame or chassis 21.
Also within the casing 17 is a sector-switch 22, mounted on the shaft
18 and serving to establish a co-operation between the vertical 115
rows of keys 8 '-8 ' and corresponding sectors on said magnetizable
layer, for a purpose described below Also carried by the frame 21 is
the stator 23 of a distributor, the rotor 24 of which is mounted on
the said shaft 18 The 120 stator 23 includes primary coils 23 ' and
secondary coils 23 ", whereby certain signals recorded on the disc
can, when transmitted to these coils, control output-mechanisms, for
instance the printing unit 2, and the carriage 125 roller 5.
The printing unit 2 is operable either by signals on the disc 7, or by
the contacts 1516 of the keyboard 1.
COMPUTING BY DISPLACING SIGNALS ON THE RECORD MEANS.
This may be done in two ways, namely by displacing the signals during
the recording of them on the record means, or by displacing them
during the sensing of them from the record means The former method
will be described first.
In the drawing, Fig 1 shows an electric calculator provided with a
full keyboard 1 as input means and a printing unit 2 as output means
This Figure also shows a further keyboard 3 for letters and
punctuation marks, and there are still further keys, 4 for
arithmetical functions, e g plus, minus, multiply and divide, as well
as command keys, e g.

print Printing is effected by the printing unit 2 and the carriage
roller 5 which holds the paper 6 and moves it linewise Fig 1 also
shows a disc which is contained within the interior of the machine
frame This Figure shows only a specific example of a calculator.
It is evident that there are many other possible ways of combining one
or more computers with input and output means There can, for instance,
be an input means in the form of a tens keyboard, or employing punched
cards, tapes, magnetic or optical storages or the like, other than the
computing record means Output means may be printing units, visual
indicating means and magnetic or optical storages, or the like, other
than the computing record means.
1 SURVEY OF THE MECHANICAL PARTS The full keyboard 1 contains ten
vertical rows 81-81 " of keys (see Fig 1), these keys also being in
ten horizontal rows 90-99 Of these ten vertical rows, the rows 81-8 '
represent different denominations, namely, from right to left, units
to ten millions, while the vertical rows 89 and 810 serve for
selecting the computers within which to operate The horizontal rows 9
'-99 represent in each denomination digit values from 0 to 9 The keys
in this keyboard can be pressed down, and when pressed down are
arrested mechanically by means of projections 10 (see Fig 2) provided
on each key and engaging below latches 11 on bars 12, one for each
vertical row of keys, these bars being urged longitudinally by springs
13 Each key is urged upwardly by a spring 14 so that when any key in
one of the vertical rows is depressed movement of the latch bar 12
releases any previously depressed key in that row Each key, when
depressed, closes contacts 15, 16 arranged below its lower end One of
these contacts in each pair is connected horizontally with the
corresponding contacts of all the other pairs in the same horizontal
row The key at the extreme right hand in Fig 2 and which is in the
fifth vertical row 85 (Fig 1) is adapted to make contact between
spring contacts 15 ' and 16 The contact 160 is, as 786,021 A THE ROTOR
Instead of the disc 7, a drum or other record-means can be used The
disc may be regarded as divided into 13 equal-sized sectors or
denomination areas I-XIII, that is to say, one more than the maximum
number ( 12) of denominations which are to be processed by the
computor.
As Fig 3 shows, the disc must be thought to be sub-divided not only
into the said different sectors I-XIII corresponding to the different
denominations of a given number, but also in such a way, that each
sector is sub-divided into digit areas or fields representing
different digit values The denominational area of sector I is for the
recording of the digit values in the last denomination of a number;
sector II is for the recording of digit values in the penultimate
denomination of that number; sector III is for the recording of digit

values in the antepenultimate denomination of the number, and so on.
Fig 3 shows also that, within each denomination area or sector there
are different groups of digit-areas or fields, these being indicated
in sector I as fields 0-9; 10-19; 20-39 To illustrate the way in which
signals of different digit-values in any denomination in a number are
recorded on the magnetizable disc 7, one must understand that, in each
sector the digit-value " O " will always be in field " O ";
digit-value " 1 " will always be in field " 1 "; digit-value " 2 "
will always be in field " 2 "; digit-value " 3 " will always be in
field " 3 "; digit-value " 4 " will always be in field " 4 ";
digit-value " 5 " will always be in field " 5 "; and so on, and
digit-value " 9 " will always be in field " 9 ".
The fields 10-19 are provided for intermediate recordings and the
fields 20-39 to allow for processing time.
The number 28 therefore, would be recorded in track a as shown in Fig
3 in such a way that there is an " 8 " digit-value signal recorded
within the field " 8 " in track a of sector I, whereas a digit-value
signal " 2 " is recorded in the field " 2 " track a of sector
II, and digit-value " O " is recorded within field " O " track a of
sector III, and further digitvalues " 0 " are recorded within the
fields " 0 " of all the remaining sectors of the said track a.
It is further to be seen from Fig 3 that the magnetizable layer may be
regarded as divided into side-by-side concentric tracks a-e; If,f,-fi;
m and n, the said digit-value signals corresponding to " 28 " being
shown in track a During relative movement between the disc 7 and
signal heads, the said different tracks are traversed by these heads,
which have recording, sensing and erasing means, the respective heads
being fixed within the stator in appropriate positions.
Whereas the tracks a, c, d and e are represented generally as single
tracks in the example now being described, the tracks b and 1,-fe, are
shown as a plurality of sub-tracks, each being traversable by a
recording, sensing and erasing head, these heads being either movable
from track to track or more usually there being signal heads for each
track which can be switched on and off as required The sub-dividing of
track b is illustrated fully in Figs 6 a and 6 b.
Within the tracks c and d there are interruptions in the magnetizable
layer Within each sector a magnetizable layer is present within track
c only within the fields 0-9, whereas, it is present within track d
only within the fields 10-19 The non-magnetizable portions of these
tracks are shown cross hatched.
In addition to the tracks a-e, which are used for the processing of
digit-value signals there are two further tracks in and N which
contain permanent signals In track N in each sector there is such a
signal in field 0, and in track m in each sector there are permanent

signals in the fields 0-9 These permanent signals are sensed by a
sensing head, whereby from track N in each sector a zero signal can be
put into the field " 0 " of for example track a, and track m provides
registering signals for use during computation proceedings as
described below.
B THE STATOR 95 The recording, sensing and erasing of the magnetic
signals on to and from the disc can be carried out in any manner known
from magnetic tape sound technology and the like.
Examples of signal heads and their manner of 100 use are illustrated
in Figs 4 a-4 e.
Fig 4 a shows a usual magnet head in a diagrammatic representation In
particular, the iron core 25 is shown with a slot 26 and a winding 27,
the head overlying the magnetic 105 layer 28 of the disc 7 A magnetic
flux in the head induced by an electric current within the winding 27
flows through the arms of the iron core 25 and partly through the
magnetic layer 28 and thereby brings about an increased mag 110 netic
saturation of this layer, and the remanent magnetizing-effect within
the magnetizable layer 28 constitutes a signal which may be of any of
the known recordable types.
For recording, the signal carrier or record 115 means need not be in
every case the movable part The signal heads may themselves move
without altering the principle of the process, since only the relative
movement between signal heads and record means is required 120 The
sensing of such magnetically recorded signals takes place in the
reverse manner, by means of sensing heads or sensing windings in the
same heads as the recording windings A magnetic signal which passes
the slot 26 of a 125 sensing head brings about a change of voltage
within the winding of that head, which constitutes a signal and which
when amplified can be used for computation or control functions or the
like 130 786,021 two tracks a and b, track b not being sub-divided The
disc lies in the slots of the heads, these being in line, and signals
are sensed in track a and recorded in track b The arrangement shown in
Fig 4 d has the advan 70 tage that the several slots can be arranged
much closer to each other, whereas the arrangement shown in Fig 4 e is
that it requires no more space for track b than for track a 75 As
shown in Fig 5 the signal beads are arranged as a stator over the
rotating disc 7.
There are different sets of signal heads to be seen The signal head 31
is for the sensing of signals within track a, from whence these sig 80
nals are picked up and are transferred by signal-transmission means,
which are switchable, to the recording heads 320-329 over the
respective sub-tracks in track b These elements for transferring
signals from track a to track b 85 are the digit-value-processing
means.

The sets of signal heads 33-38 are the signal heads of carry-over
means Of these the signal heads 33-34 are for separating or
distinguishing between signals on track b 90 which are equal to or
lower than a denominational limit value, for example, digit value 9,
and those on track b which exceed that limiting value, the former
being recorded on track c and the latter on track d Signal heads 35 95
are for the performance of the carry-over of the digit value " 1 "
from the preceding denomination (Signal forwarding means).
The transfer from the tracks c and d to the track e is effected by the
signal heads 36-38 100 When transferring from track c to track e there
is no change of digit-value, whereas when transferring from track d to
track e value diminishing means are provided comprising signal heads
37-38 There are pro 105 vided also means which determine whether,
within the next denomination, the recording heads 34 or 35 shall
operate, dependent upon whether or not there are signals in track d
for transfer to track e Only one arrangement 110 of these sets of
signal heads is provided irrespective of the number of sectors on the
rotating disc such one arrangement processing different denominations
in succession.
The tracks f,-f 1 of Fig 3 are for the 115 recording of the results of
12 computers, that is to say, for example, the calculator with twelve
tracks f,-1,2 is a twelve-computor calculator.
By enlarging the size of the disc or by 120 arranging a second or more
discs moving together in synchronism it is possible to have as many
signal-tracks as are required for any plurality of numbers.
As there is high-speed relative movement 125 between the record means
and the signal heads, there is an air gap between the relatively
moving parts preventing friction, but determining a recording and/or
sensing of signals in the required frequency and intensity 130 Erasing
takes place mainly by means of energizing an erasing head by a
high-frequency current Alternatively, the erasing could take place by
a suitable direct current erasing head, which would saturate the
magnetic layer and again de-magnetize it to bring about the original
condition of such layer The sensing and recording heads may, as shown
in Figs 4 b4 e, be mechanically united into a set of two or more heads
In this case the sensing can take place with the aid of a sensing head
and the subsequent recording with the aid of a recording head if they
are connected to each other over signal transmission means, for
example, an amplifier If the sensing and the recording slots 26 and 26
' of this combination of heads are in alignment radially of the disc
then a magnetic signal passing the sensing head is transmitted from
the sensed track to the corresponding field in the track under the
recording head 30 and therefore with the same digit value, since the
slots 26 and 26 ' are not displaced angularly relative to each other

as shown later on in Fig 7 b If the slots 26 and 26 ' are mutually
displaced angularly with respect to the record means (disc 7) then
with such a transfer of a signal from the sensed track to the track
under the recording head 30 a change of position angularly of the disc
will take place in the same sector, and therefore with a change of
digit value of the signal (see Fig 7 c).
Fig 4 b shows two signal heads 29-30 positioned side-by-side in such a
way that the slot 26 of the sensing head 29 is distant from the slot
26 ' of the recording head 30 by one field, which distance would be in
the direction of the relative movement between the heads and the
magnetizable layer.
Fig 4 c shows a combined set of one sensing head 31, with slot 310 and
ten recording heads 32 with slots 32 -329 by means of which the
transfer of signals from one track to other tracks can be effected in
such manner that any pre-determined changing of the position of the
signal on the signal-carrier, e g, the magnetizable disc 7 can take
place The slot 31 of the sensing head 31 is in the same angular
position as the slot 320 of the first of the recording heads 32, the
slots 32 ', 322 329 of the other recording heads being progressively
advanced angularly with respect to that of the previous recording
heads by the extent of one digit value field.
Fig 4 d represents the same set of heads as shown in Fig 4 c but in
the working position relatively to a magnetizable signal carrier or
record means in the form of a disc, namely disc 7, this set of heads
being able to change the position of signals in dependence on switches
(not shown) and operating with one sensed track a and a track b
divided into ten sub-tracks arranged side-by-side.
Fig 4 e shows an alternative arrangement in which such a set of heads
operates with only 786,021 Fig 6 a shows diagrammatically the
different fields on the rotating disc in which signals can be
recorded, whereas Fig 6 b shows in which different fields of the
stator the sensing, recording and erasing heads are provided Both
these diagrams show the different sectors as rectangles in order to
have enough room to show exactly the different fields in which the
signals are to be recorded, and in which the different signal heads
are arranged For convenience the tracks fl-f are omitted from Figs 6 a
and 6 b their purpose being similar to that of track e.
Figure 6 a also shows diagrammatically the different sectors, fields
and tracks of the magnetizable disc 7, used as a signal carrier or
record means Four sectors of a thirteensector disc are shown, placed
next to one another as rectangles, the third from the left
representing the identical sectors III-XII.
The complete signal carrier comprises the thirteen sectors, of which
the sectors I-XII are used as record means, for processing up to

twelve denominations The diagram shows sector II at the right of
sector I, but it is to be understood that on the disc sector II is
arranged in sequence to sector I, so that the fields 0-40 of the
sector I have their continuation in the fields 0-40 of the sector II,
which lead again in continuation to the 40 fields of sector III, and
so on and finally to the fields of the sector XII and then to the
switching sector XIII.
The permanent signals for " zero " in track N and for registering
purposes in the fields
0-9 of track m, which are used as signal generators in combination
with sensing heads, are indicated by stroke markings within the fields
of the track m and n Within track a is shown the recording of the
number 028 by means of signals within the field 8 of sector I, being
the signal for the lowest denomination 8 of this number 028, and
within field 2 of sector II, being the signal for the penultimate
denomination 2 of such number; both such signals being indicated in
the diagram Fig 6 a by hatched fields in the track a In the following
sectors III-XII there would be signals only in the fields 0 of track
a, and the complete recording would therefore represent the number
000000000028 Corresponding in position to the ten recording heads 32
of the digit value displacement arrangement the track b is made up
into ten sub-tracks, this as above stated allowing of an easier
construction and arrangement of the sets of signal heads with their
slots in a small angular distance.
Within the fields 0-9 of the tracks c and d there is a magnetizable
layer in track c only, whereas in track d the said fields are not
magnetizable, the layer being absent The cross-wise hatched lines
indicate that there is no possibility for recording within the fields
as indicated, as in these the layer is removed in order to separate
signals having a digit value equal to and lower than 9 and which are
recorded on track c, from those whose digit value is higher than 9 and
are recorded on track d For the same reason there is no magnetizable
layer within the fields 10-19 in track c, whereas the same fields in
track d can be magnetized Finally track e constitutes the result
track, whereas the track "f " (not shown in this Fig) allows of the
recording of as many digit numbers in the different tracks as there
are multi-column computers within the calculator.
Fig 6 b shows diagrammatically an example of the arrangement of the
signal heads within the stator For indicating the different types of
signal head the following symbols are used:
+ a recording head o a sensing head a non-switchable erasing head and
i: a switchable erasing head.
This diagram makes it possible to describe by means of symbols the
exact position of the signal heads within the stator, and the

different kinds of signal heads.
To facilitate the description, the following symbols will be used A
signal head of the stator within sector I, track a, field 9, is
symbolized e g in all the following diagrams by:
I a g; a signal head of the stator within sector I, track b, field 9
is symbolised e g in all the following diagrams by I b 9 etc.
In order to simplify the description of the position of the signal
heads arranged within the stator, their position is indicated by a
combined symbolism of letters and figures The Roman figure indicates
the sector of the stator, in which the signal head is to be found, the
small following letter indicates the track in which the signal head is
situated, and the figure finally indicates the field within the sector
of the track in which the slot of the signal head is situated.
" I a 9 " indicates, therefore, that the slot of this signal head is
in sector I, track a and field 9 of the stator.
In the stator there are provided sensing and recording heads for the
following processes:
COMPUTING PROCESS ( 1):
DIGIT VALUE PROCESSING.
This process effects the change of the digit value of a signal in
dependence of another digit value The means for this process comprise
sensing heads 32 -9 in the stator fields
I b 0 and I b 9 for the signal transfer from track a to track b, see A
in Fig 6 b COMPUTING PROCESSES ( 2)-( 5):
CARRY-OVER PROCESSES.
COMPUTING PROCESS ( 2).
By this process an indication is obtained as to whether the resulting
sum of the digit values of the respective denomination exceeds the
limiting value, and furthermore the forwarding of a carry-over by a
correction of the resulting digit value by " 1 " in dependence on
786,021 magnetizable disc 7 The description of the computing processes
therefore requires first an explanation as to how the signals
representing the digit values in a number are recorded A part of the
track a of the signal carrier is 70 therefore shown enlarged and
elongated in the various diagrams of Figs 7 a-7 c.
Fig 7 a shows two sectors of the track a (sectors I and II) for the
recording of the last and penultimate denominations of the number 75
028, and the subdivision of these two sectors into four times ten
fields The sectors are noted with Roman figures I and II, starting
with the last denomination of a number which is to be represented
Thus, for example, for 80 the recording of the number 028 sector I is
provided for the recording of the signal of the last denomination,
which is in this case the digit value 8, whereas the signal which
represents the digit value 2 of the penultimate 85 denomination of

this number is recorded within the sector II The next sectors III/IV
etc record only signals in the fields for the digit value 0.
The recording of a signal representing the 90 digit value 8 takes
place within the field 8 of the first quarter of the sector I by means
of an increased or otherwise altered remanence of the magnetizable
layer or in any other suitable known manner (e g a change of ampli 95
tude, frequency, phase, etc) The recording of the digit value 2
(penultimate digit) takes place in a corresponding manner by means of
a magnetic signal within the field 2 of the first quarter of the
sector II With numbers 100 which contain more than two denominations
signals for the corresponding digit values are recorded in the
remaining sectors; in this example (" 028 ") the digit value 0 is
recorded in the remaining sectors 105 For the transfer of signals in a
sector from one track to another, for instance from track a to track b
a sensing head is located within the track a and a recording head is
located within the track b In Fig 7 B two such signal 110 heads are
connected over an amplifier, shown symbolically If the slot of the
sensing head 29 and of the recording head 30, as shown in this
example, are in the tracks a and b respectively but in the same line
of stator fields and 115 within the same sector, signals recorded in
track a with the record means rotating in the direction of the arrow,
are sensed from track a, and transferred to track b without a change
of their digit value position In Fig 7 b the 120 signal 8 is being
sensed within the track a in exactly the same moment when the field 8
of track b passes below the slot of the recording head 30 as the two
slots of the sensing and recording heads are in the same line of 125
fields, whereby the sensed signal for 8 on track a is recorded again
as a signal for 8 on track b With further movement of the signal
carrier to the extent of one sector, the digit value 2 in the track a
in the sector II, that is 130 a carry-over pre-mark signal of the
preceding denomination.
The means for this computing process comprise sensing head 33 in
stator position I b 19, recording heads 341 and 342 in stator
positions I c 19 and I d 19 and the recording heads 35 ' and 35 ' in
stator positions I c 18 and I d 18 for the signal transfer from track
b to track c or d (B of Fig 6 b).
The unchanged transfer of the digit value signals, if the sum of the
digit values does not exceed the limiting value, the means for this
process 3 comprising sensing head 36 in stator position II c 5 and
recording head 38 in stator position II e 5, for the signal transfer
from track c to track e (C of Fig 6 b).
The digit value diminishing within the same denomination and the

pre-marking of a carryover as correction of a resulting digit value in
the following denomination is effected by the means of this process,
if the resulting sum of the digit value exceeds the limiting value.
The means of this process comprise sensing head 37 in stator position
I d 35 and recordinghead 38 in stator position II e 5 for the signal
transfer from track d to track e (D of Fig 6 b).
The addition of the " fugitive one " in subtraction and the
re-transfer to track a The means for this process are the sensing head
58 in stator position XIII e 19 and the recording heads 59 and 60 in
stator positions XIII a 19 and XIII a 18 for the signal transfer from
track e to track a (E of Fig 6 b).
Erasing heads are provided in the stator positions II a-d 19 and XIII
e 39 The erasing heads in the tracks b-e are uncontrolled They
automatically erase the signals from these tracks after they have been
processed.
The erasing head in track a is effective only during addition or
subtraction processes It is provided with a compensation winding, by
which the erasing effect can be removed if no further addition or
subtraction is to be effected, for several rotations may run through
without processing, for instance, in multiplication or division or if,
instead of computing, sensing for indicating the result is to be
effective.
During a co-operation with the selective storage it is likewise
necessary to make use of controlled erasing heads in tracks which are
to receive signals from the selective storage or are to deliver
signals for the result and the like into the storage.
II COMPUTING PROCESSES FOR ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION.
1 DIGIT VALUE PROCESSING IN ADDITION.
Computing by means of such a signal carrier or record means and signal
heads depends on the changing of the position of signals on the signal
carrier, in this case the 786,021 12 786,021 the penultimate
denomination of the number 028 is likewise transferred unchanged in
value on to track b as a magnetic signal in field 2 of the sector II,
since sector II, field 2, track a of the rotor passes below the slot
of the sensing head 29 just at the moment when sector II field 2 of
the track b is below the slot of the recording head 30.
If, however, as demonstrated in Fig 7 c the slot of the sensing head
29 is displaced from the slot of the recording head 30 by one field,
for example, if the slot of this recording head is just over the field
9 of the sector I, then the magnetic signal of track a in field 8
13 induces a voltage in the sensing head, and the recording head
produces a magnetic signal in the magnetizable layer, of track b and
in a position altered by one field compared with the original signal

in track a.
By means of this displacement of the heads by one field, the signals
when being transferred from track a to track b are changed in position
so that the digit value of the signal sensed on track a is increased
by " one " on transfer to track b.
Figs 8 a-8 c shows the computing process of " 000 " + " 028 " = " 028
" The Fig 8 a shows the keyboard 1 with the different vertical and
horizontal rows of contacts The horizontally connected contacts 16
-169 (see also Fig 2) indicate the different digit-values 0-9, whereas
the vertical rows of contacts '-15 ' indicate the different
denominations, for example, 15 ' is the row of contacts for the last
or unit denomination of a number, 152 is the row for the penultimate
or tens denomination of the number, 15 ' is the row for the hundreds
denomination, and so on In Figs 8 a-8 c the full keyboard 1 shows that
in the last denomination there is pressed down the key " 8," which has
made a contact between the horizontal contact line 168 and the
vertical contact line 151, such contact being maintained so long as
this key is kept down.
In the contact row for the penultimate denomination, there is pressed
down the key " 2 " which connects the horizontal contact line 16 ' for
the digit value 2, with the vertical contact line 15 ' Therefore
within the full keyboard, the number 28 is introduced into the
calculator As there are no keys pressed down in the preceding vertical
rows of contacts '-158 there is indicated an " O " because contacts
below row 16 are normally connected but are separated when and so long
as another key in the same vertical row is pressed down.
Also, Fig 8 a shows the sector switch 22 (see Fig 2) with peripheral
contacts 39 I-390 and a centre contact 40 This contact 40 is connected
to the anode circuit of the amplifier 41 which amplifies signals from
the sensing head 31 which, as shown, is sensing a signal in track a at
slot 310 The peripheral contacts 391 _ 398 are connected to the
respective vertical contact rows 15 '-15 ' as shown and are wiped by
the contact 42 which rotates with the sector switch.
In Fig 8 a the arm 42 is wiping the peripheral contact 39 ' and at
that instant only digit values in the vertical row 151 can be 70
processed Fig 8 a also shows that the sensing head 31 over track a of
the rotating disc 7 is sensing the signal " O " in the digit value
field " O " of sector I, which signal is transferred over the
amplifier 41 to the centre 75 contact 40 of the sector switch 22 and
wiping arm 42 to the peripheral contact 39 ' thence to the vertically
connected contacts in row 15 ' and through the closed contact below
the depressed key " 8 " via the horizontal connec 80 tion 161 to one
side of the winding of the recording head having the slot 328, see
also Fig 4 c-4 d There is thus recorded in track b a signal in field 8

of sector I representing the computation " 0 + 8 = 8," effected by the
85 digit value processing means.
The other side of the winding of the recording head is connected back
to the amplifier 41 again Instead of zero signals being sensed from
track a they may be, in certain cases, 90 sensed on track N and
conveyed to the amplifier 41, the alternatives being determined by the
switch 43.
Fig 8 b shows the same processing means for dealing with the digit
values " O + 2 = 2 " 95 or " 00 + 20 = 20 " of the penultimate
denomination of the number 028 There is again shown the keyboard 1
with pressed down keys " 20 " and " 8 " so that, within the
penultimate vertical contact row 152 the key " 2 " is 100 pressed down
to close the contacts below it By this means there is a connection
between the vertical contact row 15 ' and the horizontal contact row
16 ' Within the sector II the sensing head 31, after passing over the
area 105 of sector I, senses a signal 0 in the track a (or n) which,
through the amplifier 41, the sector switch 22 and the contacts 39 of
the depressed key is transmitted to the recording head with slot 322,
whereby a signal is re 110 corded in track b in field 2 representing
the computation " 00 + 20 = 20 " In the same manner, sectors III, IV
and V and so on in track b receive a zero signal transmitted through
an amplifier 41, sector switch 22 and 115 the normally closed contacts
in rows 15 Y-15 ', representing the computations " 000 + 000 = 000 "
according to Fig 8 c.
Figs 9 a-9 c show the digit-value processing (without subsequent
carry-over) for the 120 addition of the numbers: " O 2: 8 + O 9: 1 =
0:11: 9 " within the sectors III, II, I for the three last 125
denominations of numbers 028 and 091.
Fig 9 a shows sector I of the tracks a and 786,021 286,021 b during
that instant of the relative movement between signal carrier and
signal heads, when sector I of field 8 of track a is below the slot
310 of the sensing head which is in the position I a 9 in the stator
(see Fig 6 b).
Over the track b there is again shown the set of the ten recording
heads with their slots 320-320 each displaced by one field from the
next within the stator positions I b 9 to I b 0.
These recording heads receive electric signals induced in the sensing
head 31 and transmitted via the amplifier 41, the sector switch 22 and
the contacts of key " 1 " (representing the last denomination of the
number 91) and the horizontal connection 161 to recording head with
slot 32 ' representing the computation " 8 + 1 = 9 " As the slot 32 '
of the energized recording head is displaced from the slot 310 of the
sensing head by one field, the magnetic signal of the recorded digit
value on to track b will in this case be " 9," instead of the sensed

digit value " 8 " The displacement by one field effects an addition of
" 1 " by these processing means These processing means are referred to
in the following description as " amplifying circuit A " With the
further relative movement of the rotor with respect to the signal
heads, a magnetic signal in the sector II, field 2, of track a (digit
value of the penultimate digit of the number " 28 ") passes under the
slot 31 ' of the sensing head This moment is shown in Fig 9 b As 20
and 90 are now to be added the recording head 329 is switched in
within the sector II of the disc 7 so that the magnetic signal " 2 "
in sector II track a is changed in position by 9 fields when
transferred from track a to track b and is recorded as " 11 " in
sector II of track b.
As on the further relative movement of the rotor by one sector, the
recording head becomes effective in sector III, in dependence on the
connection of the horizontal line 16 ' to the vertical row 15 ' for
the third-last denomination of the number, and the sensing head 31 in
the position I a 9 of the stator is connected with the recording head
320 in position I b 9 via the amplifier 41, sector switch 22 and the
zero contacts in row 16 of the keyboard 1 so that there is no changing
of digit value position during the signal transfer from track a to
track b.
The means for changing the digit value position of signals during
transfer from track to track are called in the following description
value-processing means (processing means).
They operate within the example so far described during a transfer
from track a to track b The result received on track b by an addition
of " 0: 2: 8 to 0: 9: 1 " by means of the set of signal heads 31-32 in
combination with the digit value switches in lines 16 '-169 and the
amplifier 41 will be " 0: 11:9 " These signals are recorded in track b
as an intermediate result of the computing processes effected by the
processing means as shown in Figs 9 a_ 90 In order to transform this
intermediate result " 0: 11: 9 " into the final result " 1: 1: 9 " a
carry-over is still essential and is effected by carry-over means
operating in 70 this example during signal transfer from track b to
tracks c and d and from those tracks to track e.
The several phases of these processes may be brought together by
corresponding switch 75 means and the like As it is possible, however,
to demonstrate in this example the different operations in different
phases, the following description will explain this.
2 CARRY-OVER 80 The carry-over means which is illustrated
diagrammatically in Figs 10 oa'-10 and 1 i1 1 consists of
signal-separating means, valuediminishing means, and signal-forwarding
means 85 a CASES EXCEEDING THE LIMITING VALUE AND FORWARDING THE
CARRY-OVER INTO THE NEXT DENOMINATION.

The separating means are for separating signals representing resulting
digit values gv equal to or lower than a pre-determined digit value (e
g, " 9 ") from signals representing digit values which are higher than
such predetermined digit value They comprise, in the example now
described, means for a signal 95 transfer from track b to tracks c and
d; usually sensing head 33, the recording heads 341 342, the amplifier
44, non-magnetizable areas 45 in the fields " 10-19 " of track c and
non-magnetizable areas 46 in the fields 100 " 0-9 " of track d, and
also two recording heads 351 _ 352, being distant from the recording
heads 34 I-342 by one field in each case and being effective as
forwarding means, if a carry-over of " 1 " into the next sector has to
105 be effected.
The transfer of signals from track b to the track c or d takes place
via " the amplifier circuit B " which consists of the amplifier 44,
the forwarding switch 47 having two ways 48 110 and 49, a sensing head
33 in the position I b 19 in the stator, two recording heads 34 '-34 '
in the positions I c 19 and I d 19 within the stator for the
separating of signals and two further recording heads 351-352, being
distant 115 from the recording heads 341-34 by one field in each case
and being effective as means for forwarding the value " 1 " if a
carry-over into the next sector has to be effected The recording heads
34 I-342 are connected in 120 parallel and connected to switch way 48
whilst 35._ 352 are in parallel and connected to switch way 49 of the
forwarding switch 47.
All the signal heads are suitably mounted fixedly on the frame 21 125
By means of the chequered arrangement of magnetizable and
non-magnetizable areas 4546 of the tracks c and d, the recording of
any one signal can only take place either in the track c or in the
track d since at any one 130 instant there is only one of the slots in
each pair of the recording heads 34 '-34 ' and 351352 over a
magnetizable layer Within the tracks c and d the signals of digit
values lower than or equal to 9, are therefore always recordable only
on the track c, whereas digit value signals exceeding " 9 " are always
recordable only on the track d.
In Fig l Oa, the separating of the signal " 9 " sensed from the track
b in sector I is effective during the transfer of that signal from
track b to tracks c and d only in track c, notwithstanding that it is
presented to both tracks, and the effect is that the signal " 9 " of
track b is now recorded in the field position " 9 " on the track c
whilst on track d no recording can take place.
If the forwarding switch 47 were in switch position 49, it would
connect the amplifier 44 with the second pair of recording heads 35._
352 In such event a forwarding of the signal " 9 " from track b would
take place, so that there would be a change of digit value position by

" 1 " and a signal " 10 " in track d would result This forwarding
switch 47 as is described later with reference to Figs 18 a18 ', may
consist of a plurality of electronic tubes but alternatively could
consist of relays or other suitable switch means.
Fig l Ob shows the separating of the magnetic signal " 11 " sensed
from track b in sector Il, after a rotation of the disc 7 by one
sector As a magnetizable layer in field " 11 " is provided in the
track d only, a transfer of a signal " 11 " from the track b to the
tracks c and d can only be effective on track d, in field " 11 " in
sector II of that track.
With the procedure described hitherto in the example " 028 + 091 =
119," the first sum 0 2 8 is still in track a During the transfer from
track a to track b, namely, during the value changing by the
processing means, there has taken place a changing of the digit value
position by one field because of the pressed down key " 1 " in the
last denomination row 151 of the keyboard 1 having been effective
within sector I of the magnetizable disc, as controlled by the sector
switch 22 (see Fig.
9 a).
After a relative movement by one sector there has taken place within
sector II a changing of the digit value position of the signal 2 in a
by "nine" fields because of the pressed down key " 9 " in the
penultimate denomination row 15 of the keyboard 1, " 028 + 091 =
0:11:9 " having been effected within the sector II as controlled by
the sector switch 22 (Fig 9 b).
Within Sector III no change of signal position has taken place during
this transfer from track a to track b as the sector switch 22 has made
only zero contacts effective (see Fig 4 ').
After the separating means has been effective in the three different
sectors, according to Fig 10 a-l Oc during a transfer from track b to
tracks c and d, the signals are now to be found in the tracks a, b, c
and d as follows.
Track Sector III Sector II a b c d 0 0 1.
2 Sector I 8 9 b NON-DIMINISHING OR DIMINISHING THE DIGIT VALUE IN THE
SAME DENOMINATION To complete the processing a diminishing 75 means is
required Such means is operated during a transfer of the signals from
the tracks c and d to the result track e, as shown in Figs.
lla-llc This transfer is effected in such a way that two sensing heads
36-37 are con 80 nected respectively via the amplifiers 50 and 51 to
the windings of the recording head 38.
The sensing head 36 is in position II c 5 over track c, whereas the
recording head is in the stator position II e 5 over the track e 85
Therefore, signals on the the track c are transferred to the track e
with the same digit value.

For example, in Fig 1 la, the transferring of the signal " 9 " in
sector I from track c to track e is shown 90 The diminishing means
consists of two amplifier circuits, the amplifier circuit C, by which
those signals are transferred from track c to track e when no
diminishing is to take place, the amplifier circuit " D " for transfer
95 ring signals from track d to track e, whilst at the same time
diminishing them in digit value by a corresponding change of digit
value position The extent by which diminishing takes place
(diminishing value) depends upon the 100 limiting value For example,
in decimal notation it would be by 10 fields, and in converting pence
to shillings it would be by 12 fields, and so on.
The amplifier circuit C consists of a winding 105 of the recording
head 38 in the stator position II e 5, the amplifier 50 and the
sensing head 36 over the track c in position II c 5 The amplifier
circuit D consists of another or the same winding on sensing head 38
in the stator 110 position II e 5, the amplifier 51 and the sensing
head 37 which is distant by 10 fields from the recording head 38 over
track d in the stator position I d 35 The amplifier circuit D controls
the carry-over forwarding switch 47 115 of circuit B and which moves
over from position 48 to position 49, dependent upon whether signals
are being sensed from track c or track d.
As with the further rotation of the disc 7 120 the magnetic signal "
11 " runs below the slot of the sensing head 37 of the amplifier
circuit D, there takes place, on the transfer from track d to track e,
a field displacement (change of digit value position) of the signal by
ten 125 fields so that the magnetic signal " 11 " on track d is
recorded in track e diminished to 786,021.
786,62 i the value" 1," in field 1 of track e (Fig 11 b).
This transfer effects also the ignition of the gas discharge tube 52
of the forwarding switch 47 and by energizing the relay winding 53
effects a switching over from the way 48 to the way 49 so that on the
transfer from track b to track c or track d the signal is forwarded
into the next sector III.
The transfer from tracks c and d to track e within sector III is shown
in Fig 11 In Fig.
9 e there has been shown the operating of the processing means with
the amplifier circuit A during a signal transfer from track a to track
b according to the computation: " O + O = O " On the transfer from
track b to tracks c and d shown in Fig 10 the forwarding of the
carry-over signal " 1 " was controlled by a tens carry-over signal
from the previous denomination in sector II, via the switch way 49 of
the forwarding switch 47.
Now the transfer of the signal " 1 " in sector III from track c to
track e, takes place by means of the amplifier circuit C without any

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