-

1. * GB785193 (A)
Description: GB785193 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Polyvinyl oxo-alkanals
Description of GB785193 (A)
Translate this text into Tooltip
[75][(1)__Select language]
Translate this text into
The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
( <
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785193 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March
29, 1956 -
No 9884156.
Application made in United States of America on April 12, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 6), P 1 C 2 OD( 1: 3), P 1 D( 1 X: 5).
International Classification:-CO 8 f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Polyvinyl Oxo-Alkanals We, Esso RESEARCHAND ENGINEERING COMPANY, a
Corporation duly organised and existing under the laws of the State of
Delaware, United States of America, of Elizabeth, New Jersey, United
States of America, do, hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a, patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is) to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to polyvinyl acetal.
type products, more appropriately called polyvinyl Oxo-alkanals, and
the preparation thereof by reacting polyvinyl alcohols or esters,
thereof with Oxo-aldehydes, which in turn area derived by oxonation of
olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

2. The term " polyvinyl acetals " has been used loosely to refer either
specifically to polyvinyl acetal per se or to other corresponding
aldehyde derivatives such as polyvinyl formal, propional, or butyral,
and several higher aldehydes derivatives made with n-heptaldehyde or
2ethylhexaldehyde.
It has now been found that unexpectedly superior products are obtained
by making the corresponding polyvinyl aldehyde derivatives of the
highly branched Oxo aldehydes having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms,
preferably 8 to 13 carbon atoms Thus, according to this invention a
polyvinyl alcohol, which may be made in conventional manner by
alcoholysis or hydrolysis of'polyvinyl acetate or other desired'
ester, is reacted with the desired Oxo aldehyde having the general
formula R-CH,-CHO in which R is a branched alkyl group' of 6 to 14,
preferably 6 to, 11 carbon atoms, to' produce the corresponding
polyvinyl " acetal " derivatives whichl may be termed Oxo-alkanals.
The Oxo aldehydes may be prepared directly, or from the corresponding
Oxo alcohols by conventibnal oxidation or dehydrogenation techniques
The Oxo' aldehydes used are obtained by the " Oxo " process wherein an
olefin feed is first reacted with' carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a
temperature of about 250 to, 4000 F and a, pressure of about to' 400
atm, in the presence of a cobalt catalyst to form aldehydes according
to the reaction:
CHI 2, + CO + H, > C 1 H 2, + 1 CHO.
These aldehydes may be used either directly for reaction with the
polyvinyl alcohols for the purposes of this invention, or the
'aldehydes made in this first Oxo, step may be subsequently
-hydrogenated to' the corresponding alcohols, which may then be
subjected to any desired purification step such as fractionation, etc,
and then subsequently dehydrogenated to give the purified branched Oxo
aldehydes for use in the present invention.
One of the preferred Oxoi aldehydes for this invention, is an octyl
aldehyde having the general formula R-CH 2 CIIO :in which R is a
branched hexyl group; the product is a mixture of isomers consisting
chiefly of compounds having, methyl groups located in the 3-, 4-, or
5-positions.
This, Oxo octaldehyde generally has physical properties about as
follows:
Mol Wt.
Sp:ec Gr at 20/40 C.
Boiling Pt at 760 mmn; Hg, Refractive Index, n D 20 1.28 0 832 C
157-182 1.4210 The desired polyvilyl Oxo-ailkanals may be made by
several different processes For-instance, 'polyvinyl acetate, or
propionate, etc.
may be reacted directly with the Oxo aldehydes of 8 toi 16 carbon

3. atoms to make directly the corresponding polyvinyl Oxo-Alkanals, e.g
by using mineral' acid catayst, or, as is preferred, the polyvinyl
acetate is first converted in known manner by treatment with methyl or
ethyl alcohols and either sulfuric -4 R E a E 11 C 1 acid or a caustic
soda o potash, etc, to make the polyvinyl alcohol, and then this is
reacted with the desired Oxo aldehyde to make ihe final polyvinyl
Oxo-alkanal.
There is some flexibility in these processes, as the conversion of the
original polyvinyl acetate to polyvinyl alcohol may be either carried
to completion, or to partial conversion to leave some ester groups;
and in turn, the.
hydroxyl groups in the resulting product may be essentially completely
or only partially re acted with the Oxo aldehyde.
The molecular weight of the parent polyvinyl acetates or polyvinyl
alcohols may alsobe varied over broad ranges as is well known.
The amount of Oxot aldehyde in the reaction mixture with the polyvinyl
alcohol (or ester) may vary according to the desired physical
properties of the final product, but normally should range froih,
about 0 1 to 1 0, preferablyabout 0 25 to 05, mole of the aldehyde per
molar equivalent o ithevinyl alcohol or vinyl acetate.
The reaction of the polyvinyl ajcohol with the Oxo aldehyde nmay be
garried out-by mixng the materials at a temperature from about.
room temperature, eg 200 - to about 1000 C., preferably about 40 l-iij
800 C The polyvinyl alcohol may be dissolved in water or dispersed in;
alaohoii benzene or other solvents A small amount of a mineral acid is
employed as Ecatalyst 'After the resulting condensatiou'reaction is
completed, which may take place in from a few-m Inutes to several
houfs, depending on' temperature, catalyst andi agitation used, the
resulting solution or slurry is neutralized, or even converted to a
slighty alkaline -condition, by a suitable basic substance such as
caustic soda, or potash, ammonium hydroxide, organic amines, etc The
polymer generally precipitates, dnd may be filtered off from the water
or other liquid medium, pr otherwise separated therefrom, dried or
given any other desired finishing treatment It may be prepared for the
market in any desired physical fornm, e g pellets, granules, -fibrs,
sheets, etc It may also be supplied in the form of solution in an
aromatic solvent such as bengene, 'toluene, or xylene, etc if about 25
% or more of the hydroxyl -groups are reacted or in a solvent such as
ethanol, if less than about % of the hyclroxyl groups are reacted, or
if desired it may be supplied in the form of emulsions or latices -The
polyvinyl Oxo 4 dkanals of this invention may -be used to advantage in
place of brittle polyvinyl derivatives of the lower aldehydes such as
formaldehydex acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde which require high
degrees of plasticization to be -useful The present products have a

4. surprisingly effective combination of physical properties such-as low
brittle point and yet good tensile strength, flexibility and low
water-sensitivity, etc The low temperature properties are especially
good These products may be advantageously used as a bonding layer to
make laminated safety glass, for bonding metal ito metal, for making
moulded products for wire insulation, for coating compositions, and,
for other uses:
For certain uses, it is desirable to use some plasticizer with the
polyvinyl Oxo-alkanals of this invention Suitable materials may be
dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, trioctyl
phosphate, etc Such plasticizers may be used in concentrations ranging
from about 5 te 35 parts by wt per 100 parts of -the polyvinyl
Oxo-alkanal.
Other conventional additives may be used such as small amounts of
anti-oxidants, or other stabilizers, as well as pigments, dyes,
fillers, etc.
The details and advantages of this invention will be better understood
from the following experimental data.
-Particularly useful polyvinyl Oxo-alkanals according to the present
invention are those derived from Oxo-octaldehyde, Oxo-decaldehyde and
Oxo-tridecaldehyde.
EXAMPLE 1.
Commercially -available polyvinyl alcohols, supplied on the market
under the trade name "BE 1 vanols" were used in these tests They have
the following physical properties: Elvanol Identification 72-60 71-30
70-05 50-42 52-2254-22 3 I-31 Molecular Degree of Weight
Saponification, %Y.
High Medium Low High Medium-Low Medium Medium 99 99 99 88 88 88 91 The
last two numbers in the Elvanol Identification indicate the viscosity
in centipoises of a 4 % aqueous solution at 20 C.
The C 8 Oxo aldehyde used in Example 1 was a commercially available
mixture of isomern having physical properties substantially as
indicated hereinabove.
The polyvinyl alcohol and C 8 aldehyde were reacted in, proportions
indicated in the following table, by the following procedure:
Polyvinyl alcohol ( 308 gms -7 mols) is dispersed in benzene ( 3 5
liters) C 8 Oxo alde A hyde ( 3 5 mols) is added to the reaction
mixture and H Cl gas is bubbled in slowly with vigorous agitation The
temperature is allowed to rise to 40-50 ' C When solution begins to
clear, methyl alcohol is added to precipitate the polyvinyl octyla L
Product is worked up in a kneader by washing with methyl alcohol, hot
water and finally methyl alcohol Dried under vacuum.
For comparison one test was run in which li C 12 C 121 j 785,193
-785,193 half of the C Oxoi aldehyde was replaced by tested for

5. brittle pomnt, 'C and tensile strength n-butyraldehyde All of these
products were (psi), with the following results:
Feed (moles) Elvanol C 8 Oxo Ald Butyraldehyde Brittle Points, 'C.
-3 Tensile, psi 1.5 (A) 0 75 7 3850 1.5 (A) 0 375 0 375 30 5400 1.5
(B) 0 75 13 4325 1.5 (C) 0 75 43 5300 (A) (B) (C) Medium mol wt 77 %
hydrolyzed ,,3-, 91 %,,3 13 A) A 3) 99 % 51 In the above table, the
first two, tests show that-the use of an aldehyde consisting entirely
of a C Ox O aldehyde to make the polyvinyl alkanal, gives a much
superior (lower) brittle point, i e -7 C, compared to the undesirably
high brittle point of 300 C obtained when half of the C 8 Oxo aldehyde
is replaced by butyraldehyde A comparison of the first, thircl and
fourth tests shows the further improvement in brittle point obtained
when the CQ Oxo aldehyde is reacted with a polyvinyl alcohol of
increasingly higher percent hydrolysis (ie 77, 91, and 99 %'
hydrolyzed, respectively) The tensile strengths are also improved in
the same order, from 3850 to 4325, and to, 5300 psi, respectively.
EXAMPLE 2.
A polyvinyl Oxor octanal (abbreviated herebelow as PVO) was made
substantially as described in Example 1, and similarly a polyvinyl Oxo
decanal (called PVD) was similarly prepared, and for companson a
polyvinyl butyral (called PVB).
These were all prepared from a E mediumn molecular weight polyvinyl
alcohols 99 % hydrolyzed The resulting alkanals were sheeted into'
films and tested for elongation, tensile strength, stiffness and
softening point, with the results shown in the following table:
PHYSICAL DATA ON CAST FILMS % of Original PVOH Hydroxyls Sample
Remaining PVB Thickness (inches) 0.018 Stiffness in Torsion % Tensile,
at 250 C.
Elongation psi (psi) 4650 4 1 X 107 PVO PVD Present Invention 22 0 019
210 0.029 180 The above data show clearly that the poly-vinyl Oxo CQ
and Co alkanals have a far superior flexibility compared to the prior
polyvinyl butyral This is particularly evident from the higher
elongation and lower stiffness of the products of the present
invention.
4300 1 25 x 105 140 3300 1 8 x 106 125 EXAMPLE 3.
The polyvinyl butyral and polyvinyl Oxo C 8 alkanal of Example 2 were
tested for comparative solubility in various common solvents, with the
following results:
Softening Point, OF.
i -785,193 RESIN SOL 6 BIUITY.
PVB ' PVO Methanol Ethanol Acetone Ethyl: Ether Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Dichloride -Benzene Methyl Ethyl Ketone Ethyl Acetate Dioxane
Soluble Soluble Swells Insoluble = Swels Gels Partially Soluble
-Swells Soluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble ' Partially soluble

6. Partially soluble Insoluble -' Gels-Partially soluble C Soluble Cloudy
Solution Cloudy Solution Soluble The above table shows that whereas
the prior art polyvinyl butyral is soluble in lower alcohols such as
methanol and ethanol, and insoluble in ethyl ether, the polyvinyl Oxo
CQ alkanal of the present invention shows substantialy reverse
properties in being insoluble in the lower alcohols, and partially
soluble in ethyl ether Both products are soluble in dioxane, and
either swell or have partial soluRESIN C Resin PVB Urea-formaldehyde
Melamine-fornaldehydc Triazine-formaldehyde Alkyd bility in a number
of other solvents such as acetone, ethylene dichloride, etc.
EXAMPLE 4.
The-two polyvinyl alkanals used in Example 3 were also tested 'for
comparative resin compatibility (using 1 to 4 parts by weight of the
alkanal per part by weight of the various resins indicated), with the
results indicated herebelow:
)MPATJBILITY.
PVO Borderlinee 1 Incompatible Borderline Compatible Incompatible This
tab Jle shows that whereas the prior art polyvinyl butyral is either
incompatible, or has only borderline compatibility with the four
common types of resins, the polyvinyl Oxo octanal of the present
invention is'compatible with, those same resins.
EXAMPLE 5.
For a' specific comparison of polyvinyl alkanals made from an Oxo, C,
aldehyde of thepresent invention, compared with prior art 2 ethyl
hexaldehyde, (having the branching cthe carbon adjacent to the
aldehyde group), alkanajs were made from each of these two aldehydes
by the general process described hereinbefore, using the same
polyvinyl alcohol starting material and the same reaction condi tions,
and the resulting polyvinyl alkanal products were tested for tensile
strengh and tor sional stiffness, with the following results:
0 a O Torsional Stifness Tensile at 250 C.
(psi) (psi) Polyvinyl 2-ethyl hexal Polyvinyl Oxo octal 2955 1 3 x 10
' 5270 1 7 x 10 ' Compatible Compatible Compatible Compatible
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785194 (A)

7. Description: GB785194 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in and relating to tilting chairs
Description of GB785194 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE546887 (A) CH340976 (A) DE1108870 (B) LU34351 (A1)
NL85451 (C)
BE546887 (A) CH340976 (A) DE1108870 (B) LU34351 (A1)
NL85451 (C) less
Translate this text into Tooltip
[87][(1)__Select language]
Translate this text into
The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
1 1 1i ' ' l',1 '
i1,':711i ' ( We, G Is PEN's FABRIEK VOOR METAALBEWERKING N V, a
Company organised under the Laws of Netherland, of Culemborg,
Netherland, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly desk
cribed in and by the following statement:-
Our present invention relates to an improvement in a tilting chair of
the type comprising, in combination, a seat pivotally mounted at or
close to its front edge upon a base member, a spring member
co-operating with the seat and tending to hold it in normal
substantially horizontal position, at least one supporting arm whose
lower end is pivoted to the base member on an axis parallel with the
pivot of the seat and whose upper end is urged by the spring into a
position to support the seat so that the arm assumes a slight rearward
deviation from the vertical when the seat is substantially horizontal,
and an abutment preventing the arm from being moved by said spring in

8. forward direction beyond last said position.
A chair of this type has been disclosed by our British Patent
Specification No.
668,617.
In this prior construction, one end of the spring engages a fixed
point of the supporting arm and its other end is secured to a screw,
which co-operates with a nut in such a manner that by means of said
nut the initial tension of the spring can be varied according to the
weight of the person using the chair.
Although said known chair has proved to be very satisfactory, yet it
has been found in practice that it has a certain inconvenience.
If, namely, the person sitting in the chair shifts his centre of
gravity rearward in order to lean back, the seat will be tilted or
tipped, against the action of the spring, insufficiently in the case
of a person of very light weight, and excessively in the case of a
person of exceptionally heavy weight, even if the initial tension of
the spring had been adjusted to the correct value at which the seat
assumes its horizontal position when the user of the seat is sitting
thereon in the normal upright position.
In accordance with our present invention, which has for its object to
overcome said inconvenience, the front end of the spring is rigidly
secured to the base member and the rear end thereof is adapted to be
displaced approximately in the direction of the longitudinal axis of
the arm, so that during this displacement the tension of the spring is
practically not varied.
With this improvement, the initial tension of the spring can be so
selected as to have a suitable value throughout the range of said
displacement Owing thereto, anyone having a weight of say more than 50
kilograms but less than 140 kilograms can conveniently sit upright in
the chair and smoothly lean back to the desired incline of the back of
the chair.
In order that our invention may be well understood by those skilled in
the art, we shall now proceed to describe the same with reference to
the annexed drawing, in which:Fig 1 shows a plan view of part of the
base member of a chair embodying the invention; Fig 2 is a side
elevational view of said part; and Fig 3 is a side elevation, drawn to
a smaller scale, of the greater part of the chair with a back leaning
person sitting therein.
The base member comprises a foot 4 supported by four castors 5 and
accommodating a central, vertical spindle 6 Secured to the 785,194
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
April 10, 1956 No 10841156.
) j Application made in Netherlands on June 2, 1955.

9. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 52 ( 1), VB; and 52 ( 2), R 1 E.
International Classification -A 47 b, c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Tilting Chairs.
60:
top end of the spindle 6 is a cross piece 7, to whose ends are rigidly
connected two parallel, upwardly and forwardly inclined supporting
bars 8, 9 of equal lengths, and a cross rod 10 has its ends supported
in bearings of the front ends of said bars The cross rod 10, together
with two parallel, rearwardly extending bars 11, 12 secured thereto,
forms a frame for supporting both the seat 13 and the back 14 and
adapted to swing about the axis of rod 10.
Rotatably mounted to arm 8 ( 9) about an axis in parallel relation
with rod 10 is a supporting arm 15 ( 16), which is provided, at some
distance from its free end, with a roller 1 Sa ( 16 a) whose axis of
rotation is also parallel to rod 10, and further with a hook member 15
b ( 16 b) Studs 11 a, 12 a projecting from the outer sides of the bars
11, 12 serve as abutments for the hook members 15 b, 16 b.
The arms 15, 16 are rigidly interconnected by a strap 23, to the
central portion of which a screw spindle 24 is rotatably mounted so as
to be 'locked against axial displacement.
Secured to the lower end of said spindle is a hand knob-24 a, and
co-operating with the spindle is a nut 25 provided with two opposite,
lateral stud pins 25 a To said pins are hooked, by means of a member
26, the rear ends of two coiled springs 17, 18, whose front ends are
hooked to, the cross rod 10.
So, said nut is locked against rotation.
The springs 17, 18 are so dimensioned as to -be adapted, in the
unloaded position of rest of the chair, to hold the rollers 15 a, 16 a
in engagement with and exerting a predetermined pressure on the lower
faces of bars 1 f, 12 As will be understood, the initial tension of
these springs will hardly be varied when the nut 25 is screwed up or
down by rotation of the hand knob 24 a.
In said position of rest of the chair, the supporting arms 15, 16
enclose a small angle (of less than 30 ') with the vertical, said
position being shown by full lines in Fig.
2 If, now, a person sits down in the chair in the ordinary erect
position, the seat will remain substantially horizontal (provided of
course that the initial tension of the springs 17, 18 has the proper
value in accordance with the weight of said person), owing to the
rollers 15 a, 16 a exerting a sufficient pressure on the bars 11, 12.
Said pressure can be adjusted by rotation 55 of the hand knob 24 a,
whereby the point wherein the springs engage the supporting arms 15,

10. 16 through the screw spindle 24 is moved away from or towards the
pivots of said arms The correct value of said initial 60 tension is
the one at which the seat just remains horizontal when the user sits
in the chair in erect position If, now, said person leans back, i e if
he shifts his centre of gravity to the rear, the upward pressure of 65
the rollers 15 a, 16 a increases, so that the condition of ecuilibrium
is disturbed, whereby the seat swings down about the axis of the cross
bar 10, the supporting arms 15, 16 are forced rearward, the rollers 15
a, 16 a 70 move along bars 11, 12 and the tension of the springs
gradually increases until a new position of equilibrium has been
reached.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785195 (A)
Description: GB785195 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to springs
Description of GB785195 (A)
S-N v
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date {> -licatiita ftuiuq Cozpi-l'e:S ilcaia, April 17 19 h 56 N
Xo11667:56.
-ppiication made in O;ernnani, on O pr, 2 i 5, 1955.
Contplete Specift Latioin Publziselw: Oct '23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 108,3), 58 M 1 B. International
Classiication: FO 6 f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Springs.
ERRATA SPECIFICATION No 785,196

11. Page 1, line 62, for " ( M read " (M.
k 1) Page 2, line 18, for "oil-soluble" read " oilinsoluble " Page 2,
line 25, for "aids " read " acids" Page 2, line 103, for " 1400 ' C"
read C 140 ' C " Page 3, line 18, for "oygen" read "oxygen" Page 3,
line 34, for " Nak 0, "read " Naz CO " Page 3, line 77, for "purpose"
read "purposes" Page 4, line 23, for " 50 parts" read " 580 parts "
Page 4, line 64, for "Co " read "COO" Page 4, line 120, for
"oil-soluble " read " oilinsoluble " THE PATENT OFFICE, the device to
eas an ditions, or in order to make it more universal It has not been
possible hitherto to meet this requirement and it has hitherto been
necessary to exchange springs having different spring constants with
one another.
The changing of the springs can, however, only be effected after
disconnecting the apparatus, and this often cannot be done for
operational reasons Changing the spring constants according to this
known method is only possible in relatively big steps.
The object of the invention is to provide a spring element for
operation by pneumatic lPrice 3 s 6 d l 1 t if n d for the operation
of grabs, in particular grabs with fluctuating loads The new springs
can be effective in both directions so that when they are used a
separate damping device can usually be dispensed with.
A pneumatic adjustable spring element made according to the invention
is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings in
which:Fig 1 is a central section illustrating the spring element in
the position of rest; Fig 2 is a view similar to Fig 1 showing the
spring element moved out of its rest position by the amount of its
stroke h; and 785,195 2,5 '; ' "C, We, WESTINGHOUSE
BREMSEN-GESELLSCHAFT m b HI, of 21 Am Lindener Hafen, Hannover,
Germany, a German Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to springs, such for example as return springs
for fluid pressure regulating valves.
The return force of the usual springs produced from elastic materials
is deter.
mined according to the formula P=c J, in which P is the return force,
c the spring constant, and f the measure of the elastic deflection of
the spring The spring constant c is a linear quantity measured in
Kg./cm dependent on the material and to a higher power on the shape
-of the spring.
It is fixed at the start for each individual spring and indicates the
force necessary for deflecting the spring by 1 cm.
For many purposes in the art, in particular in the art of regulation,

12. spring elements are-often desired with variable spring properties, for
example to act on the regulating member in finer steps in order to
adapt the device to easily changing operating conditions, or in order
to make it more universal It has not been possible hitherto to meet
this requirement and it has hitherto been necessary to exchange
springs having different spring constants with one another.
The changing of the springs can, however, only be effected after
disconnecting the apparatus, and this often cannot be done for
operational reasons Changing the spring constants according to this
known method is only possible in relatively big steps.
The object of the invention is to provide a spring element for
operation by pneumatic lPrice 3 s 6 d l or hydraulic fluid pressure in
which the value of the spring can be varied in a stepless manner.
With the foregoing object in view a spring in which the return force
is produced by pressure fluid made in accordance with the present
invention is characterised by the feature that the member transmitting
the spring force carries two pistons, between which the pressure fluid
acts, at least one of these pistons having an effective surface the
size of which changes when the pistons are being displaced The
pressure of the pressure fluid may also be variable.
Preferably the said piston members are formed by two diaphragms,
arranged as imirror images of one another and bearing against conical
surfaces on the transmission member and on the casing securing the
edges of the diaphragms the arrangement being such that when the
transmission mem.
ber is displaced the area of the effective sur.
face of one of -the diaphragms is altered inversely to that of the
effective surface of the other diaphragm.
A device according to the invention can be used in a number of fields
One important use is as a return spring for pneumatic regulating
valves, such as are used for the operation of grabs, in particular
grabs with fluctuating loads The new springs can be effective in both
directions so that when they are used a separate damping device can
usually be dispensed with.
A pneumatic adjustable spring element made according to the invention
is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings in
which:Fig 1 is a central section illustrating the spring element in
the position of rest; Fig 2 is a view similar to Fig 1 showing the
spring element moved out of its rest position by the amount of its
stroke h; and ,, Y',,-1 . i 78 g 5 f 195 i __ 7 7 PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application andfiling Compl'ee Specificcatton 0:
April 17 1956 i Nto11667156.
Ipplicalion made in Germany on April 25, 1955; Complete Specification
Published Oct 23, 1957.

13. Index at Acceptance:-Class 108,3), 588 X 1}.
International Classigication: F 06 f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Springs, 606570) 785,195 Fig 3 is a
power-stroke diagram showing different spring characteristics.
The spring element shown in Figs 1 and 2 consists of a casing 4, a
piston like spindle 5 and two diaphragms 6, 7 The spindle 5 is
provided with two conical parts and is arranged to move axially in the
casing 4.
The outer peripheral edges of the two diaphragms 6, 7 are secured to
the casing 4 and the inner peripheral edges are secured to the spindle
5, the arrangement being such that parts of their surface bear
respectively on the conical surfaces 8, 9 of the spindle 5, whilst the
other parts of their surfaces bear on the conically shaped inner walls
13, 14 of the casing 14 The annular chamber 10 formed between the
diaphragms is joined by a pipe 11 to a self lapping valve 12, which
controls the flow of compressed air into the annular chamber from a
compressed air source (not shown), in dependence on the position of
the operating lever.
Under the action of a superstructure in the annular chamber 10 the
diaphragms 6, 7 tend to move in opposite directions In the position of
the spindle 5 shown in Fig 1 the diaphragm surfaces adjacent to the
casing 4 and the diaphragm surfaces adjacent to the spindle are of
similar size In consequence the axial forces exerted on the spindle 5
by the remaining surfaces of the diaphragms are mutually cancelled out
If the spindle 5 is displaced downwards for example by the amount h
(Fig 2) by a force acting from outside, then the upper diaphragm 6 is
lifted off the surface 13 of the casing to a large extent by the
conical part of the spindle whilst the lower diaphragm 7 is unrolled
from the conical surface 9 and bears to a corresponding extent against
the surface 14 of the casing An upwardly directed force P is thus
produced which tends to return the spindle 5 again into its rest
position.
The value of the return force P as also the axial displacement h of
the spindle 5 depends on the air pressure prevailing in the annular
chamber 10 By altering this pressure by means of the self lapping
valve 12 the spring constant c, on-which the return force depends, can
be varied as desired.
The diagram shown in Fig 3 illustrates the characteristics of the new
spring element at different pressures.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice

14. * Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785196 (A)
Description: GB785196 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Process for the preparation of oil-soluble basic monovalent metal salts of
organic acids
Description of GB785196 (A)
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE547168 (A) DE1122526 (B) FR1152926 (A)
BE547168 (A) DE1122526 (B) FR1152926 (A) less
Translate this text into Tooltip
[82][(1)__Select language]
Translate this text into
The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
-'1 I, ' f,,, j, i( I , L', p -785 196
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification April 20, 1956.
7 F r 'I No 12176/56.
Application made in Netherlands on April 22; 1955.
Complete Specification -Published Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance: -Classes 2 ( 3), C 3 A 7 (A 2: D: El: G 1), C 3 A
1 OA( 4 E: 5 A 1), C 3 B, C 3 C 5 (A 2:
D 2), C 3 Cl O; and 91, Fl, GI Al.
International Classification: -CO 7 c Cl Og, in.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATYON Process for the preparation of Oil-Soluble

15. Basic Monovalent Metal Salts of Organic Acids We, N V D Es BATAAF Se
HE Pj'Trno L Eum M.A Ts CHAPF Ij, a company organised under the laws
of The Netherlands, of 30, Carel van Bylandtlaan, The Hague, The
Netherlands, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be par:
ticularly described in and by the following statement: -
It is well known to use oil-soluble polyvalent salts of organic acids
as detergent additives in lubricating oils In many cases it is
advantageous to employ basic salts The basicity of the salts does not
only improve the detergent properties of the oils, but also provides
the oils with a so-called "-alkaline reserve " This 2 " alkaline
reserve " reserve makes it possible that sulphur-containing acids,
which may be formed in an engine by combustion of a sulphur-containing
fuel and which may give rise to corrosive wear, are neutralized, so
that the said wear is prevented.
Oil-soluble basic salts of organic acids are also used in other oily
media For example, they are added to fuel oils in order to prevent
corrosion and clogging of filters and the like They -are also
incorporated in light hydrocarbon mixtures, such as anti-corrosion
oils and gasolines.
Oil-soluble basic salts: of organic acids may generally be represented
by the empirical formula:Rt Meq, Me'r Z.
In this formula R Me, is a salt of an organic acid, which is
oil-soluble per se, R is an organic -acid radical, Me is a metal, p
and q are integers dependent on the valencies of R and Me In Melr Z,,
Me' is a metal (the same aslor different from Me), Z is an arbitrary
atom or group such that the compound Me'r Z, is oil-insoluble lPric 6
pe T se; r and S are integers dependent on the valencies of M Je and Z
v is an arbitrary number which is not necessarily an integer.
M Jr Zg may be, for example, a metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate and
the basic salt is then said to have an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate
basicity, respectively.
More than one compound of the type Mfe'Z, may be present in the basic
salt, so that the basic salt may have, for example, partly a hydroxide
basicity and partly a carbonate basicity.
The basicity of -the basic salts may be expressed by the formula: 1) x
100 % (EM wherein M is the number of equivalents of metal Me-plus Mel)
and E is the number of equivalents of the organic acid R present in a
certain quantity of the basic salt The invention relates to a process
for the preparation of oil-soluble basic salts of organic of the above
formula, wherein Me and i Me 1 are monovalent metals.
-A process for -the preparation of oilsoluble organic sulphonates of
this type is already known from 1 J S Specification

16. 2,623,016 In this process the starting material is an oil solution of
a heutral sulphonate, -e g a sodium petroluein suilphonate To this
solution an aqueous solution or suspension of an oil-insoluble
compound, such as Na Oll, is added The mixture is dehydrated by
heating and filtered.
This proces has the disadvantage that only a relatively law basicity
can be attained.
According to the T T specification it is possible to convert the
basicity of the salt thus obtained (i e in the case referred to, a
hydroxide basicity) into another type of basicity (e g into a 9
carbonate basicity by 1 treatihg the basic salt with 002) It is
organic acid as the starting material If clear that as a result of
this conversion of desired, a mixture of such salts may also one type
of basicity into another type the be used as the starting material.
degree of basicity of the salt remains The starting material is
dissolved in an unchanged oil The term " oil " means generally a 71
The process of Lthe invention makes it liquid having a dielectric
constant of 10 possible to prepare oi-l-soluble basic mono or less
This includes in particular liquid valent metal salts 7 'of -organic
acids, hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, such which have a
considerably higher as benzene, toluene, xylene, pentane, basicity
heptane and petroleum fractions from 75 According to the process the
he inven gasoline up to lubricating oil fractions If tion, an
oil-soluble basic monovalent metal the basic salt which-is obtained as
the end salt of an organic acid is prepared by product is intended for
use as a lubricatreacting an oil-soluble monovalent metal ing oil
additive, it may be advantageous salt of an organic acid dissolved in
an to use a solvent having a relatively low 80 oil, in the presence of
water andlor a volatility, such as a lubricating oil
fracwater-miscible oxygen-containing organic tion It is then possible
to add the solution liquid, with an oil-soluble monovalent finally
obtained to a lubricating oil and metal compopnd, which is formed in
situ it is not necessary to remove the solvent in the reaction mixture
after this additionPreferably, the lubri 85 The oil-soluble metal salt
may be eating oil fractiona used as solvent in the derived from
various classes of organic present process has a not too high
visacids, such as sulphonic acids, carboxylic cosity Fractions having
a viscosity acids and phosphorus-contaihing -acids between 100 and 400
' SSU at 388 O are The sulphonic aids may be derived from very
suitable 90 aliphatic, cyclo-aliphatic, aromatic or The concentration
of the original salt alkyl-aromatic hydrocarboins; the latter in the
solution is generally from 10 to 50 % class of, acids preferably
contains at least by weight, and preferably from 15 to 40 % 12
carbodnlatoms in the alkyl substititent by weight -However other

17. concentrations A particular class of sulphonic acids is may also be
used For example, in some 95 formed by the petroleum sulphonic acids
bases good results are obtained with soluExamples of suitable
carboxylic acids -are tioias having a concentration of 65 to 7 '0 %
alkylated aromatic-carboxylic acids con +byxweight.
1 taining a relatively long alkyl chain, such The reaction should be
carried out in as the alkyl salicylic acids containing 12 the presence
of water and/ or a water-mis 100 or more carbon atoms in the alkyl
chain, cible oxygen-containing organic liquid.
and cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids such Preferably the organic liquid
has a boilas petroleum naphthenic acids Phos ing point below 14000 O A
Suitable organic phorus-containing acids may be derived liquids are
aliphatic alcohols, especially from-tri or pentavalent phosphorus; the
lower aliphatic alcohols, by which it is 105 corresponding thio-acids
also come into meant alcohols having not more than 6 consideration
carbon atoms per molecule, such as The salt which is used as starting
methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, material is not necessarily
a neutral salt n-butanol and isobutanol; ketones, for It may be, for
example, a basic salt which example acetone, methyl ethyl' ketone, 110
_may be prepared according to the process diethyl ketone, methyl
propyl ketone, and of the invention or accordmig to any other
cyclo-hexanone; ethers, for example diisoprocess Starting from a basic
salt, its propyl ether, monomethyl and monoethyl basicity may be
increased by subjecting it ethers of glycol, 1,3-dioxane and 1,4to
'the process of the invention Thus, dioxane; and esters, for example
ethyl 115 according to a particular embodiment of acetate, ethyl
lactate, ethyl propionate, the process of the invention, a basic salt
n-propylacetate and isopropyl acetate.
which has been prepared according to the If only water is used, the
proportion process of the invention is subjected once thereof in the
reaction mixture generally more or several' times to this process in
should be at least 2 % by weight, based on 120 order to increase its
basicity the solution of the oil-soluble monovalent The oil-soluble
monovalent metal salt of metal salt of the organic acid.
an organic acid, which is used as the start It may be noted that water
may be ing material, may be first formed iii situ formed during the
reaction, for example in the reaction mixture by reacting the if the
oil-insoluble monovalent metal 125 free organic acid with a compound
of the compound which is formed in situ in the desired monovalent
metal, such as an reaction mixture, is Na 2 C 03 and this is oxide,
hydroxide or carbonate formed from Na OH and 002.
It is not hecessary to use only one oil If only an oxygen-containing
organic soluble monovalent metal salt of an liquid is used, the
proportion thereof in 130 785,19 B 785,196 the reaction mixture is

18. generally at least % by weight, based on the solution of the
oil-soluble monovalent metal salt of the organic acid In many cases a
proportion between 5 and 100 % is very suitable, although still
greater proportions may be used When using methanol, proportions of 5
to 10 % are particularly effective, although larger proportions up to
100 % or more may be used Good results have been obtained with
commercial anhydrous ( 99 %) methanol However, methanol, containing
more water may be used, particularly when high methanol concentrations
of the order of 50 % or more are employed.
The oil solution and the water a-ndlor water-miscible oygen-containing
organic liquid may be present during the reaction LO in the form of
one homogeneous liquid phase or in the form of two separate liquid
phases (which are preferably thoroughly mixed) In some cases a high
water concentration in the oil solution may be disl 25 advantageous
Then it is advantageous to employ a water-miscible oxygen-containing
organic liquid in such a proportion that it forms a separate phase
This phase will lower the water concentratioi of the oil phase.
The formation of the oil-insolublenm onovalent metal compound in situ
in the reaction mixture can be effected in any suitable way ' For
example, Nad O, may be formed by adding Na OH (either in the dry state
or dissolved or suspended in water or an alcohol) to the reaction
mixture and then passing CO 2 through the reaction mixture.
The most advantageous reaction conditions depend on Q the nature of
the reactants, the solvents and the method of in situ formation of the
oil-insoluble monovalent metal compound Generally, temperatures of
between 20 and 1,50 C, particularly between 40 and 1200 C, are
suitable When the process is carried out under atmospheric pressure,
the temperature should preferably not exceed the boiling point of the
lowest boiling component present in the reaction mixture so that the
latter is not completely removed before the end of the reaction By
carrying out the process at pressures higher than atmospheric, high
temperatures can be employed After the reaction, the reaction mixture
may be dried to remove water and/or the water-miscible
oxygehcontaining organic liquid, for example by heating to
temperatures of 1350 C to 160 a If desired, the dried product can be
air-blown The dried product may then be filtered to remove suspended
solids From the solution thus obtained the solvent cah be removed, e g
by distillation in order to obtain the basic organic salt in a free
state.
Basic salts prepared according to the process of the invention may
contain any monovalent metal, such as sodium, potassium or lithium
Ammonium can also be present and the term " monovalent metal " must be
understood so as to iaclude ammonium.
The basic salts of -the invention may not only be used for the

19. above-mentioned purpose, but they can also be used for the preparation
of biocides, in particular fungicides and wood preservatives, as well
as -for the preparation of paint driers and catalysts (if desired on
supports).
EXAMPLF I The starting material was a technical mixture of mono and di
C,,-,8-a-lkyl salicylic acids' which contained 14 mol % 85 of the
corresponding alkyl phenols and had an acid value of 86 mg KOH/g.
270 parts by weight of this mixture were diluted with 130 parts by
weight of xylene 400 ' parts by weight of methanol 90 and 66 3 parts
by weight of powdered sodium hydroxide were then added.
Owing to the heat of reaction the temperature rose to 540 O; after
stirring the mixture for 30 minutes the temperature 95 dropped to 500
C O Carbon dioxide was then introduced at atmospheric pressure while
constantly stirring, until 26 2 parts by weight thereof had been
absorbed (duration i hour) The temperature had 100 then risen to 630 C
and it was found that practically all the sodium hydroxide added had
been dissolved.
The methanol and the greater part of the reaction water formed were
removed 105 from the reaction mixture by distillation while stirring
was cobtinued, the reaction mixture being heated to 1,000 C; 510 '
parts by weight of distillate were thereby formed The residue, which
was free of 110 methanol and practically anhydrous, was now diluted
with 400 parts by weight of cylene, after which small quantities of
solid substances were removed by centrifuging 150 parts by weight of a
spinidle 115 oil with a viscosity at 60; O C of 50, seconds Redwood 1
were added to the clear solution, and the xylene, together with traces
of water, was removed by vacuum distillation 120 The oil concentrate
thus obtained was entirely clear and contaihed 4 0 equivalents of
sodium per mol of salicylic acid, so that the basicity was 300 %.
EXAMPLE II
The starting material was the same acid mixture as used in Example I
270 parts by weight of this mixture a., were dil Jited with 130 parts
by weight of xylene 40 00 parts by weight of methanol and 34 8 parts
by-weight of anhydrous lithium hydroxide ere then added The anhydrous
lithium hydroxide was obtained by heating in' vacuo technical lithium
hydroxide containing 1 mol of water of crystallization and having a
purity of 98 % The mixture was now stirred for 20 minutes, after which
the temperature, which as a result of the reaction between the alkyl
salicylic acids and the lithium hydroxide had already risen to 5 C,
was set at between 50 C and 600 C Gaseous carbon 'dioxide was then
introduced at atmospheric pressure while tcontinually stirring, until
22 515 parts by weight had been absorbed The methanol aid the greater
part Qf the reaction iater were removed from the reaction mixture by
'distillation' while stirring was continued, -the reaction mixture

20. being heated to 100 -C; 8 parts by weight of distillate weretthereby
obtained.
The residue, which was 'free of methanol and practically -anliydrous,
was now diluted with 400 parts -by weight_ of xylene:, after which
small quantities of solid substa'nce were removed by 'entrifuging 150
parts by 7 weight of the spindle oil of Example I were'added to the
clear solutioi, ad the ylenfe, t 6 gether with traces of water, was
removed by'vacuum distillation ' The oil concentrate 'btaineil was
entirely clear and contained 3 85 equivalents of lithiuim per mol of
salicylic acid, so that the basicity was 285 %/.
XAMPSE-III -40 ? This example illustrates the difference between the
process of the present invention and that of U S Specification No.
2,623,016 : 2 EXPERNT 1 45: P Roc ESS ACORDONG TO THE INVENTION The
starting material was a technical mixtuie of monoo and di 0,4-0 C
8-alkyl salicyli'c acids, which contained 14 mo L % of the
corresponding phenols and had an acid value of' 8 0 mg KO 'Hig 1062
parts by-weight of this mixture were diluted with 11188 parts by
weight of xylene Subsequently 122 parts by weight of methanol and 975
parts by weight of powdered Na OH were added 'Owing,, to the heat-of
reaction the temperature rose to 43 C -The mixture was further heated
to a temperature of 40 P', after which 002 was passed through the
mixture at atmospheric pressure During the O 02treatment the
-temperature was held between 61 and 740 Q When 38 5 parts by weight
ofi CO 2 were a sorbed (this tookl 11 l -inutes), the o trecttment was
ter-minated and the methanol and reaction 6 water were distilled off
by heating until its temperature was 1420 C The solid material was
removed from the mixture by centrifuging The clear solution (a sample
of the solution remained perfectly 71 clear on dilution with pentane)
was mixed with 350 parts by weight of a spindle oil having a viscosity
of 50 seconds Redwood 1 at 6 G( C From this mixture the xylene was
removed by vacuum distillation 7 ' The oil concentrate cbtained in
this way was perfectly clear and it contained 12.24 equivalents of
sodium per mol of alkyl salicylic acid, so that the basicity was 1124
% 8 C EXPERIMENT 2 PROCESS ACCORDING TO U S SPECIFICATION
2,623,016.
-1062 partsby weight of the same acid mixture as used in Experiment 1
' were 85 diluted with 1118 8 parts by weight of xylene Subsequently,
97 5 parts by weight of Na Ol H dissolved in 97 5 parts -by weight of
water were added While stirring the mixture, its temperature was 90
raised, until the mixture began to boil.
The mixture was dehydrated by azeotropic distillation by means of a
Dean and Stark apparatus The zylene which distilled over was recycled
to the reaction mixture 95 The distillation was stopped when the
temnperature of the reaction mixture was C; the distillation had

21. takenf 4 hours and 105 parts by weight of water were distilled off
After cooling the mix 10 ( ture was filtered and the clear filtrate
was analysed It contained 2 73 equivalents of sodium per mol of alkyl
salicylic acid, so that the basicity was 173 %.
Subsequently the filtrate was heated to 105 1400 C and at this
temperature CO 2 was passed' through during two hours After
filtration, the solution was analysed again.
It contained 2 76 equivalents of sodium per mol of alkyl salicylic
acid, so that the 11 C basicity was 176 %.
What we cla-im is -.
1 A process for the preparation of an oil-soluble basic imonovalent
metal salt of an organic aid, which comprises reacting 115 an oi
J-soluble monovalent metal salt of an organic acid, dissolved in an
oil, in the presence of water andl or a water-miscible
oxygeii-containing organic liquid, with an oil-soluble monovalent
metal com 120 pounid, which is formed in situ in the reaction mixture.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785197 (A)
Description: GB785197 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements relating to printing machines
Description of GB785197 (A)
PATENT SPECIFCATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
April 23, 1956 No 123729/56.
Application made in United States of America on May 2, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 100 ( 2), C 13 G.

22. International Classification:-B 411.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Printing Machines.
We, FRED'K H L Ev Ey COMPANY, INC, a Corporation organized and
existing under the laws of the State of New York, United States of
America, of 380 Madison Avenue, New York, State of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly Oescribed in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to improvements in rotary web-fed printing
presses, and more particularly, to improvements concerning the
adapting of the impression cylinder of the press to accommodate webs
of different thicknesses and the protecting of the surface of the
impression cylinder from wear or other damage The invention is
especially useful in conjunction with presses for offset printing but
may also be used with advantage in conjunction with presses adapted
for letter-press work.
In offset printing, for instance, the web is passed between the
peripheral surfaces of the so-called impression cylinder and a
rotating offset blanket to which the ink impression has been applied
by the printing plate and which is wrapped around the peripheral
surface of a blanket cylinder and applies the ink impression to the
web.
For superior printing, it is essential that the contact between the
web and the blanket be uniform and nicely adjusted This contact will
depend upon the spacing of the peripheral surface of the impression
cylinder from that of the blanket and also upon the thickness of the
web.
Customarily, at each end of the impression cylinder and of the blanket
cylinder there is provided a so-called bearer ring extending
longitudinally from the working surface of the cylinder and of
slightly greater dialPrice 3 s 6 d 1 meters than those of the
respective cylinder.
Because of their greater diameters, these 45 bearer rings determine
the minimum spacing between the peripheral surfaces of the impression
cylinder and blanket cylinder, respectively, thus providing space
between the peripheries to allow for the thickness of the 50 blanket
and the thickness of the web.
Where changes in the thickness of the web are contemplated, means must
be provided for varying the spacing between the peripheral surface of
the impression cylinder 55 and that of the blanket Also should the
peripheral surface of the impression cylinder be subjected to wear,
which would tend to increase the spacing between its periphery and

23. that of the blanket, means must be pro 60 vided for readjusting the
periphery of the impression cylinder with respect to that of the
blanket.
To meet these conditions, it has been proposed to change the so;
called travel line on 65 the impression cylinder by covering the
peripheral surface of the cylinder with a thin metal sheet or plate
which is replaceable from time to time as required, either because of
wear or because of a contemplated 70 change in web thickness.
The present invention provides improved and effective means for
securing such plates to the impression cylinder whereby the plates can
be readily removed and replaced 75 by plates of like or different
thickness as required.
This means for securing the plate to the impression cylinder will
sometimes be referred to herein as a lock-up In presses 80 employing
an impression cylinder of relatively small diameter, a single lock-up
will usually suffice However, in modern multicolour Dresses, where
impression cylinders of relatively large diameter are used, the 85
surface of the impression cylinder may be i 7855197 I 1 i 1 1 785,197
covered by a plurality of separate sheets, shown, the respective jaws
are pivoted on necessitating the use of an equal number rigid pins 11
projecting into each end of of lock-ups, as hereinafter more fully the
jaw and supported by an inner portion described of the bearer ring
forming the end structure a The invention will be further described 12
of the cylinder 70 and illustrated with reference to the accon The
lower end of each jaw is provided panying drawings which represent
conven with a lug 13 to which there is fastened, tionally and somewhat
diagrammatically, a by means of a pin 14, one end of a turn
particularly advantageous embodiment of the buckle 15 The other end of
the turn lo invention in conjunction with an impression buckle is
fastened by means of pin 16 to the 75 cylinder employing four separate
lock-ups, rigid structure of the cylinder indicated and of which: at
17.
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic end view of Each end of the plate to be
fastened to the impression cylinder and a co-operating the cylinder is
bent at a substantially 900 Iw blanket cylinder, the impression
cylinder angle, as shown in Figure 2, so as to project 80 being partly
broken away to indicate the inwardly through the slot 7 and a
relatively positions of the lock-up assemblies and the heavy gauge
metal strip 18, of a length plates secured to the cylinder; equal to
the width of the sheet, is secured Figure 2 is an enlarged end view of
the to each end of the sheet, as by welding.
2 o lock Lup assembly showing a portion of the Uniformly spaced along
the length of the 85 cylinder structure; strip 18, there is provided a
number of holes Figure 3 is a side view of the lock-up 20 so spaced

24. and of such size as to coincide along the line 3-3 of Figure 2; and
with, and fit over, the rotatably mounted Figure 4 is a further
enlarged side view locking posts 21.
of means for fastening the end of one of the These locking posts 21
are spaced at in 90 plates in the lock-up tervals along the jaw, for
instance on about In Figure 1, the impression cylinder is 6 inch
centres, and are nicely rotatably represented at 1 and a blanket
cylinder at fitted into holes bored into the face of the 2 There may,
of course be a plurality of jaw and held 7 therein against
longitudinal blanket cylinders, particularly in multicolour movement
by snap rings 22 The outward 95 printing The spacing between periphery
extension of each of the locking posts is 3 of the impression
cylinder-and periphery eccentrically positioned with respect to the 4
of the blanket cylinder is determined by axis of rotation of the
portion fitting into the outside diameters of the bearer rings 5 the
jaw and is provided with a lip 23.
and 6 The difference between the dia In the locked position, the
respective lips 100 meters of the bearer rings and of the cylin 23
will extend inwardly away from the periders is usually quite small but
has been pheral surface of the cylinder In the exaggerated in the
drawings for clarity unlocked position, these lips will extend In the
periphery of the impression outwardly Also, by reason of the eccentric
cylinder, there is provided one or more position of the locking posts,
these posts 105 narrow longitudinal slots -7 adapted to are moved in a
direction away from the receive the ends of a plate or plates 8
periphery of the cylinder as the posts are Where more than one plate
is to be used, turned toward the locked position so that these -slots
may be-evenly spaced about the the end of the plate attached to the
posts is circumference of the cylinder, for instance pulled inwardly
It will be understood that 110 where each quadrant of the cylinder is
to the respective holes in the end of the plate be covered by a
separate plate, four slots will be of such size and configuration as
to will be provided spaced 90 ' apart and a permit the corresponding
posts to pass separate Iock-up assembly will be provided therethrough
when the posts are turned to beneath each slot the unlocked position
115 Positioned -within the cylinder beneath The inner end of each
locking post is s Iot -7, are two jaw-like members 9 extend secured to
a spur gear 24, each being adapted ing the entire length -of the slot
and pivoted to engage, and to be turned by a rack 25 about points 10
At their upper ends, extending longitudinally through the jaw W these
jaws are tapered toward each other to over substantially the length
thereof By 120 a rigid edge to permit their projecting moving the rack
in a longitudinal direction, through the slot a distance just short of
the each locking post is turned simultaneously periphery of the

25. cylinder, say about 03 inch either to the locked or unlocked
positions.
These jaws 9 and their pivot points 10 Longitudinal movement of the
rack may should be of sufficiently rigid structure to ' be effected in
any suitable manner A par 125 prevent their distortion under severe
strain ticiflarly advantageous means for effecting occasioned by the
tightening of the plate such longitudinal movement is by a rotatabout
-the -cylinder able shaft 26 threaded into an outer end of The pivot
points 10 are rigidly supported the rack and held against longitudinal
moveli 5 by the cylinder structure In the apparatus nent by shoulders
27 The outer end of 130 n 785,197 the shaft is adapted at 28 to be
turned by means of a wrench or the like, thereby moving the rack
longitudinally and causing the locking posts to rotate.
In order to simplify the fabrication of the jaws, especially with
respect to providing a way for the rack 25, the jaws are with
advantage made of two parts joined together at line 29, the lower
section of the jaw being secured to the upper section by screws 30.
In placing the plates on the cylinder, the jaws will be moved by means
of the turn buckles, which are readily accessible from the end of the
cylinder through openings 31, to a position in which their outer ends
are spaced apart a maximum distance An end of the plate, pre-bent as
shown, and secured to strip 18, is inserted through slot 7 and the
holes in the strip 18 are slipped over the corresponding locking posts
21, the latter having been turned to the unlocked position.
Where a single plate is used, the other end of the plate is then
secured to the other jaw and the ends of the plate are then pulled
tightly over the outer end of the jaw by turning the eccentrically
positioned locking 0 posts, as previously described, to the locked
position.
Having secured both ends of the plate to the respective jaws, the
plate is tightly drawn about the periphery of the cylinder by forcing
the outer ends of the jaws together by means of the turn buckles,
leaving a minimum gap at the seam of the plate.
By means of the lockup assembly of our invention, the plates may be
readily and quickly changed and the new plates accurately adjusted to
the periphery of the cylinder, all by means readily accessible to the
operator The plates can be drawn tightly and smoothly about the
cylinder and about the edges of the slots with -a minimum loss of
printing area at the seams Lock-up slots of an overall width of the
order of 1 inch have been found adequate in most instances.
It will be apparent to the skilled mechanic, in view of our foregoing
disclosure, that various means equivalent to those shown may be
employed for actuating the lockingposts and the jaws without departing
from the scope of our invention, all such 5.5 equivalents being within

26. the scope of our invention as defined by the appended claims.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p