Oil consumption in today’s internal combustion
engines has become a major concern. There are various
methods available today in industry to measure engine oil
consumption. However, the slow process of oil consumption
during engine operation presents a big challenge in a quick
and accurate measurement. This acts as a big hindrance for
oil consumption studies. Existing measurement methods are
very expensive, require huge resources for setup, time
consuming, not portable and involve various sources of errors.
In this paper, first a review of the various techniques available
for petrol and diesel engines along with their advantages and
disadvantages are presented. Then a simple and a reliable
method which bridges the gap between cost, time and accuracy
between existing measurement techniques is proposed.
Results obtained from the present method are compared with
existing method and the error is quantified. It was found the
drain and measure method consistently over predicts the oil
consumption by about 20%.
To Study the Performance of Oxygen Enriched Diesel Engine by Varying Compress...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance of a diesel engine with oxygen-enriched intake air at different compression ratios. The study used a single cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer. Tests were conducted at two compression ratios (16.5 and 17.5) and two oxygen intake levels (1 L/min and 2 L/min). Results showed that brake specific fuel consumption decreased with higher oxygen intake and compression ratio. Brake power and exhaust gas temperature increased with higher oxygen intake and compression ratio. Optimum performance was achieved between 70-80% load with a compression ratio of 16.5-17.5 when oxygen intake was increased.
Effect of Fast Pyrolysis Operating Conditions on Product Yield of Red Meranti...IRJET Journal
1) The document investigates the effect of operating conditions on product yield from fast pyrolysis of red meranti sawdust.
2) It finds that bio-oil yield is maximized at 450°C, a nitrogen flow rate of 25 L/min, and a retention time of 60 minutes for sawdust particles sized 0.3 mm.
3) Temperature has the strongest influence on bio-oil yield, followed by nitrogen flow rate and retention time, while particle size has a negligible effect.
Prediction on Increasing the Efficiency of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine U...IJMER
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System means to use the Exhaust Gas coming from
Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to reduce the Emission of NOX which is particularly very
harmful. Engine without EGR are more pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for combustion. By
Implementation of EGR system in Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated again in Engine. The
aim of this work is to review the potential of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the exhaust
emissions, particularly NOX emissions, and to delimit the application range of this technique. The
system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the
emissions are very much controlled. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison of The Experimental TBP Curve with Results of Empirical Correlatio...QUESTJOURNAL
This document compares an experimental true boiling point (TBP) curve for a light Arab oil to results from an empirical correlation and a commercial simulator. The experimental TBP curve was determined according to ASTM standards and provided data on fraction boiling temperatures, accumulated mass percentages, and densities. The empirical correlation, using constants for oils with similar density, showed greater deviation from the experimental curve compared to results from the HYSYS simulator, which took the experimental data as direct inputs. While alternative methods can estimate the full TBP curve, significant discrepancies exist, highlighting the need for faster, more accurate estimation techniques for characterizing oils.
Optimization of Operating Parameters on a Diesel Engine using Grey Relational...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment to optimize the operating parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine using Grey Relational Analysis. The performance and emissions of the engine were tested at various loads, fuel injection timings, and fuel injection pressures. Grey Relational Analysis and ANOVA were used to determine the optimal combination of operating parameters. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was 18A load, 250 degrees bTDC injection timing, and 24 N/mm2 injection pressure. ANOVA analysis found that fuel injection pressure was the most significant factor, contributing 47% to the results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...IRJET Journal
The document describes a study analyzing the performance and emissions of a diesel engine when steam is admitted with the inlet air. A heat exchanger is used to produce steam from the engine exhaust heat, which is then mixed with intake air at varying pressures up to 1.5 bar. Emissions of CO, CO2, HC and NOx are measured with and without steam admission. Results show that steam admission reduces all harmful emissions except CO2. However, brake thermal efficiency decreases slightly and fuel consumption increases when using steam. The document provides detailed test procedures, calculations of engine parameters and graphs comparing emission levels with and without steam admission.
To Study the Performance of Oxygen Enriched Diesel Engine by Varying Compress...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance of a diesel engine with oxygen-enriched intake air at different compression ratios. The study used a single cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer. Tests were conducted at two compression ratios (16.5 and 17.5) and two oxygen intake levels (1 L/min and 2 L/min). Results showed that brake specific fuel consumption decreased with higher oxygen intake and compression ratio. Brake power and exhaust gas temperature increased with higher oxygen intake and compression ratio. Optimum performance was achieved between 70-80% load with a compression ratio of 16.5-17.5 when oxygen intake was increased.
Effect of Fast Pyrolysis Operating Conditions on Product Yield of Red Meranti...IRJET Journal
1) The document investigates the effect of operating conditions on product yield from fast pyrolysis of red meranti sawdust.
2) It finds that bio-oil yield is maximized at 450°C, a nitrogen flow rate of 25 L/min, and a retention time of 60 minutes for sawdust particles sized 0.3 mm.
3) Temperature has the strongest influence on bio-oil yield, followed by nitrogen flow rate and retention time, while particle size has a negligible effect.
Prediction on Increasing the Efficiency of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine U...IJMER
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System means to use the Exhaust Gas coming from
Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to reduce the Emission of NOX which is particularly very
harmful. Engine without EGR are more pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for combustion. By
Implementation of EGR system in Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated again in Engine. The
aim of this work is to review the potential of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the exhaust
emissions, particularly NOX emissions, and to delimit the application range of this technique. The
system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the
emissions are very much controlled. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Comparison of The Experimental TBP Curve with Results of Empirical Correlatio...QUESTJOURNAL
This document compares an experimental true boiling point (TBP) curve for a light Arab oil to results from an empirical correlation and a commercial simulator. The experimental TBP curve was determined according to ASTM standards and provided data on fraction boiling temperatures, accumulated mass percentages, and densities. The empirical correlation, using constants for oils with similar density, showed greater deviation from the experimental curve compared to results from the HYSYS simulator, which took the experimental data as direct inputs. While alternative methods can estimate the full TBP curve, significant discrepancies exist, highlighting the need for faster, more accurate estimation techniques for characterizing oils.
Optimization of Operating Parameters on a Diesel Engine using Grey Relational...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment to optimize the operating parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine using Grey Relational Analysis. The performance and emissions of the engine were tested at various loads, fuel injection timings, and fuel injection pressures. Grey Relational Analysis and ANOVA were used to determine the optimal combination of operating parameters. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was 18A load, 250 degrees bTDC injection timing, and 24 N/mm2 injection pressure. ANOVA analysis found that fuel injection pressure was the most significant factor, contributing 47% to the results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of CI Engine Emission by Admitting Steam with...IRJET Journal
The document describes a study analyzing the performance and emissions of a diesel engine when steam is admitted with the inlet air. A heat exchanger is used to produce steam from the engine exhaust heat, which is then mixed with intake air at varying pressures up to 1.5 bar. Emissions of CO, CO2, HC and NOx are measured with and without steam admission. Results show that steam admission reduces all harmful emissions except CO2. However, brake thermal efficiency decreases slightly and fuel consumption increases when using steam. The document provides detailed test procedures, calculations of engine parameters and graphs comparing emission levels with and without steam admission.
1) The document discusses return line failure in hydraulic steering systems due to changes in hydraulic fluid properties with operating conditions.
2) It aims to analyze the causes of return line failure and fluid property changes, and suggest prevention methods.
3) Tests were conducted on a Fiat Palio steering system to understand the relationship between temperature rise in the fluid and system failure. The temperature rise was found to increase with steering load and decrease with better quality fluid.
This document presents an experimental investigation on using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel in a spark ignition engine. A single cylinder four-stroke engine was modified to run on both gasoline and LPG. Tests were conducted to evaluate the engine's performance and exhaust emissions under different load conditions and compression ratios. The results showed that while LPG increased fuel consumption slightly compared to gasoline, it improved brake thermal efficiency and reduced exhaust emissions of CO, CO2, and unburnt hydrocarbons. Using LPG can thus provide environmental and performance benefits over gasoline in spark ignition engines.
This document summarizes a study on reducing carbon dioxide emissions from diesel passenger vehicles using an activated alumina capturing method. The researchers designed and modeled a catalytic converter reactor chamber containing activated alumina balls to absorb CO2 from exhaust gases. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was used to validate the design, showing it achieved the targeted pressure drop and flow uniformity. The reactor chamber was fabricated and experiments were conducted on a Volkswagen diesel vehicle. Initial results found an 11.6% reduction in CO2 emissions through the capturing method using activated alumina catalyst in the optimized reactor chamber design.
Practical Investigation of the Environmental Hazards of Idle Time and Speed o...IOSR Journals
This document presents the results of a study that investigated the environmental hazards of idle time and speed of a compression ignition engine fueled with Iraqi diesel fuel. The study measured emissions of CO, HC, CO2, NOx, particulate matter, and noise from the engine at various idle speeds (900, 1000, 1200, 1500 rpm) over a 20 minute period. The results showed that increasing idle time and decreasing idle speed generally increased emissions and noise, while increasing idle speed improved combustion and reduced most emissions and noise. Specifically, higher idle times and lower speeds increased CO, HC, NOx, PM and noise but decreased CO2, while higher speeds increased CO2 and NOx but decreased other emissions and noise. The aim was
The document investigates the effects of adding hydrogen to a diesel engine on performance and emissions. Hydrogen was added through the intake port of a four-cylinder diesel engine at rates of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, and 0.80 liters per minute. Testing was conducted at 1800 RPM with engine loads of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Results showed that adding hydrogen increased brake thermal efficiency and decreased brake specific fuel consumption, due to improved mixture formation and the higher flame speed of hydrogen. Higher hydrogen addition of 0.80 lpm increased exhaust temperature and NOx emissions at higher loads. CO, UHC, and soot emissions significantly decreased with hydrogen addition at all loads.
The document experimentally investigates the performance, emissions, and combustion of a diesel engine operating in CNG-diesel dual fuel mode with varying CNG injection rates and operating pressures. Tests were conducted at 6 LPM and 13.5 LPM of CNG injected at diesel injection pressures of 200, 220, and 240 bar. Results show brake thermal efficiency increased with higher pressure but decreased with more CNG, while emissions varied with both factors. CO2 and NOx increased at 220 bar then decreased at 240 bar for all fuels, while CO and UHC decreased with higher pressure and more CNG substitution. Peak heat release rate was highest for pure diesel at 240 bar due to better atomization.
This document summarizes a simulation study of gasoline HCCI combustion with direct injection. It investigated the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and air-fuel ratio on combustion characteristics, pressures, and emissions using two combustion models. Increasing EGR decreased peak pressures and temperatures as well as NOx emissions exponentially, but also increased soot and delayed ignition timing. Lower air-fuel ratios below stoichiometric improved emissions when combined with EGR.
The document discusses studies on exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic coated combustion chamber fueled with mixtures of carbureted methanol and crude jatropha oil. The maximum methanol induction was 50% for the recommended injection timing and 45% for the optimum timing. Exhaust emissions of smoke decreased by 125% and nitrogen oxides decreased by 70% with the engine using the combustion chamber fueled with methanol-oil mixtures compared to crude oil alone. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions increased substantially. Brake thermal efficiency increased up to a methanol level of 35% due to improved combustion but decreased at higher levels due to increased ignition delay.
Brief desccription of ammonia & urea plants with revampPrem Baboo
This document provides an overview of the proposed revamp of the existing ammonia and urea plants at the Vijaipur fertilizer complex in India. The revamp aims to increase the capacity of the ammonia and urea plants through various energy saving measures. It will increase the ammonia capacity of Line I by 150 MTPD to 1750 MTPD and Line II by 225 MTPD to 1864 MTPD. The urea capacity of Line I will increase to 3030 MTPD and Line II to 3231 MTPD. A 450 MTPD carbon dioxide recovery plant will also be installed to meet the additional CO2 needs of the urea plants. The revamp aims to enhance self
Effect of Inlet Air Preheating on Exhaust Gases in Single Cylinder I.C EngineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of preheating inlet air on exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption in a single cylinder internal combustion engine. The study used a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the engine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet air supplied to the engine. Results showed that preheating the inlet air led to reductions in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions from the engine. Carbon dioxide emissions remained unchanged with inlet air preheating. Fuel consumption time, or engine efficiency, increased with higher inlet air temperatures due to preheating.
Investigation of performance of si engine with fuels gasoline, natural gas ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes an experiment that analyzed the effects of different fuel injection timings on various engine parameters in a multicylinder diesel engine. Five mode tests were conducted at injection timings of 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 degrees before top dead center. Parameters like fuel consumption, NOx emissions, exhaust temperature, air flow, and torque were measured across different engine loads. Graphs of these parameters were plotted against load for each injection timing. The results showed the influence of injection timing on air-fuel ratio, specific fuel consumption, fueling rate, and other indicators.
OPTIMIZATION OF AN OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT USING EXERGOECONOMICSijmech
The purpose of current study is to analyze the performance of an open cycle gas turbine power plant using
the concepts of exergoeconomics. Exergoeconomic technique involves the use of Second law of
thermodynamics and assigns monetary values to the thermodynamic quantity known as exergy. Analyses
based on exergoeconomic criteria are done for the open cycle gas turbine power plant turbine. The
methodology is illustrated using the example of a 25 MW open cycle gas turbine power plant. Optimization
has been done for the open cycle gas turbine power plant as tradeoffs between the unit product cost of the
compressor and combustion chamber as functions of compressor pressure ratio and unit product costs of
combustion chamber and gas turbine as functions of turbine inlet temperature.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a twin plug spark ignition engine at different ignition timings compared to a single plug engine. The key findings are:
1) The twin plug engine showed improved performance in terms of higher power output, thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to the single plug engine under all ignition timings tested.
2) Emissions of HC and CO were reduced in the twin plug mode of operation due to the more complete combustion from two ignition points and faster flame propagation speeds.
3) Optimum performance was achieved with simultaneous ignition of both plugs at 260 degrees before top dead center, with higher efficiency and ability to use leaner mixtures compared to advanced or ret
Economics of ammonia production from offgasesVK Arora
This document discusses opportunities for producing ammonia from hydrogen-rich off-gas streams from various petrochemical processes. As ethane cracking increases in the US and Middle East, these cracker plants produce large volumes of hydrogen-rich off-gas that can be used to power ammonia plants. Several process options are reviewed for utilizing these off-gases in ammonia production, including PSA, nitrogen wash, and secondary reforming. A case study evaluates the economics of using off-gases from ethane crackers, propane dehydrogenation plants, and methanol plants to power ammonia facilities in the US Gulf Coast and Middle East. Producing ammonia from these off-gases can provide environmental benefits through reduced nitrogen oxide
PRESENTATION-Commissioning Experiences on Ammonia and Urea projects- Independ...Mumin HACIMUSALAR
This document provides an overview of the author's experience commissioning six ammonia and urea plants between 2002-2014 in various countries. It summarizes the key milestones and timelines for pre-commissioning and commissioning each plant. The time from start of pre-commissioning to first urea production ranged from 8 to 19 months. Most projects experienced delays, with the delay period ranging from 2 to 17 months compared to original targets. Factors contributing to delays included issues providing natural gas and obtaining necessary permits.
Theoritical investigations of injection pressure in a four stroke di diesel e...IAEME Publication
This document discusses theoretical investigations of injection pressure in a four-stroke diesel engine using alcohol as fuel. A computer program was developed to simulate the engine's performance with diesel and at different alcohol injection pressures ranging from 180 to 160 bar. The results showed that an injection pressure of 165 bar for alcohol produced higher brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency that were closest to diesel fuel. It was concluded that alcohol can be used in diesel engines with an injection pressure of 165 bar as it allows an optimum amount of alcohol to be injected while compensating for alcohol's low viscosity.
Floodplain Modelling Materials and MethodologyIDES Editor
A floodplain is the normally dry land area adjoining
river or stream that is inundated during flood events. The
most common reason for flooding could be overtopping of river
or stream due to heavy downfall. The floodplain carries flow
in excess of the river or stream capacity. Flood frequency and
flood water-surface elevations are the crucial components for
the evaluation of flood hazard. This paper presents the
methodology that incorporates advanced technologies for
hydrologic and hydraulic analyses that are needed to be carried
out to predict the flood water-surface elevations for any
ungaged watershed.
PC-based Vision System for Operating Parameter Identification on a CNC MachineIDES Editor
Identification of suitable or optimum operating
parameters on a CNC machine is a non-trivial task. Especially
when the material of the component changes, operating
parameters need to be suitably varied. In this paper, a PCbased
vision system is presented for the automatic identification
of component material and appropriate selection of operating
parameters. The objective of this work is to develop a support
system to aid the operator in quick identification of machining
parameters
Overview of U.S EPA New Generation Emission Model: MOVESIDES Editor
The U.S Environment Protection Agency (EPA) has
released a new generation regulatory mobile emission model,
entitled MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator) to
replace its current emission models, MOBILE and
NONROAD. The transition to MOVES will have important
policy implications for regional mobile source emissions,
particularly inventories associated with transportation
conformity. The methodology of MOVES is based on a discrete
binning approach compared to average speed based approach
employed in traditional emission models. The scope of MOVES
has been expanded to estimate emissions at national, regional
and project scales, inclusion of number of pollutants and
emission processes, alternative vehicle and fuel types. MOVES
has an extensive database reflective of real world driving
conditions developed by assessing millions of vehicles for a
long period of time. Detailed description of methodology, scope
and data of MOVES is presented in this paper. Using a case
study of Cook County, Illinois emission estimates of green
house gas namely carbon dioxide (CO2) and a criteria
pollutant namely nitrogen oxide (NOx) are estimated by
MOVES and compared to its predecessor, MOBILE6.2. The
fundamental differences in emission estimation methodology
between the two models are the reasons for different
estimation results, with MOVES believed to be more accurate
owing to its theoretical superiority over MOBILE.
Experimental Educational Stand used for the Understanding of the Discharging ...IDES Editor
Screw feeders are devices suitable for handling a
wide variety of bulk solids materials that have good flow ability
characteristics and are often used as dosing feeders in food
industry and agriculture. The manner in which material flows
into the screw feeder affects the flow characteristics of the
feeding hopper, the residence periods of the material in various
locations in the bunker and thus the properties of the dosed
material. The present paper will present some experimental
results regarding the discharging profile of the mass flow
screw feeders with variable geometrical design.
Variations of run-up on Vertical and Curved Seawall Models under Regular, Ran...IDES Editor
The shoreline erosion is a major problem that persist
world wide and seawall still remain as one of the most widely
adopted coastal protection structure. The design of an efficient
seawall should be such that overtopping is minimized even
during coastal flooding and extreme events by maintaining its
crest elevation as low as possible. This can be obtained with
curved front face sea walls, with background an experimental
investigation on run-up over a vertical faced seawall and a
curved face seawall given in Coastal Engineering Manual
suggested by US ARMY CORPS were placed over a bed slope
of 1 in 30 and subjected to the action of regular, random and
cnoidal waves was carried out. The results of both the models
were compared and discussed.
1) The document discusses return line failure in hydraulic steering systems due to changes in hydraulic fluid properties with operating conditions.
2) It aims to analyze the causes of return line failure and fluid property changes, and suggest prevention methods.
3) Tests were conducted on a Fiat Palio steering system to understand the relationship between temperature rise in the fluid and system failure. The temperature rise was found to increase with steering load and decrease with better quality fluid.
This document presents an experimental investigation on using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel in a spark ignition engine. A single cylinder four-stroke engine was modified to run on both gasoline and LPG. Tests were conducted to evaluate the engine's performance and exhaust emissions under different load conditions and compression ratios. The results showed that while LPG increased fuel consumption slightly compared to gasoline, it improved brake thermal efficiency and reduced exhaust emissions of CO, CO2, and unburnt hydrocarbons. Using LPG can thus provide environmental and performance benefits over gasoline in spark ignition engines.
This document summarizes a study on reducing carbon dioxide emissions from diesel passenger vehicles using an activated alumina capturing method. The researchers designed and modeled a catalytic converter reactor chamber containing activated alumina balls to absorb CO2 from exhaust gases. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was used to validate the design, showing it achieved the targeted pressure drop and flow uniformity. The reactor chamber was fabricated and experiments were conducted on a Volkswagen diesel vehicle. Initial results found an 11.6% reduction in CO2 emissions through the capturing method using activated alumina catalyst in the optimized reactor chamber design.
Practical Investigation of the Environmental Hazards of Idle Time and Speed o...IOSR Journals
This document presents the results of a study that investigated the environmental hazards of idle time and speed of a compression ignition engine fueled with Iraqi diesel fuel. The study measured emissions of CO, HC, CO2, NOx, particulate matter, and noise from the engine at various idle speeds (900, 1000, 1200, 1500 rpm) over a 20 minute period. The results showed that increasing idle time and decreasing idle speed generally increased emissions and noise, while increasing idle speed improved combustion and reduced most emissions and noise. Specifically, higher idle times and lower speeds increased CO, HC, NOx, PM and noise but decreased CO2, while higher speeds increased CO2 and NOx but decreased other emissions and noise. The aim was
The document investigates the effects of adding hydrogen to a diesel engine on performance and emissions. Hydrogen was added through the intake port of a four-cylinder diesel engine at rates of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, and 0.80 liters per minute. Testing was conducted at 1800 RPM with engine loads of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Results showed that adding hydrogen increased brake thermal efficiency and decreased brake specific fuel consumption, due to improved mixture formation and the higher flame speed of hydrogen. Higher hydrogen addition of 0.80 lpm increased exhaust temperature and NOx emissions at higher loads. CO, UHC, and soot emissions significantly decreased with hydrogen addition at all loads.
The document experimentally investigates the performance, emissions, and combustion of a diesel engine operating in CNG-diesel dual fuel mode with varying CNG injection rates and operating pressures. Tests were conducted at 6 LPM and 13.5 LPM of CNG injected at diesel injection pressures of 200, 220, and 240 bar. Results show brake thermal efficiency increased with higher pressure but decreased with more CNG, while emissions varied with both factors. CO2 and NOx increased at 220 bar then decreased at 240 bar for all fuels, while CO and UHC decreased with higher pressure and more CNG substitution. Peak heat release rate was highest for pure diesel at 240 bar due to better atomization.
This document summarizes a simulation study of gasoline HCCI combustion with direct injection. It investigated the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and air-fuel ratio on combustion characteristics, pressures, and emissions using two combustion models. Increasing EGR decreased peak pressures and temperatures as well as NOx emissions exponentially, but also increased soot and delayed ignition timing. Lower air-fuel ratios below stoichiometric improved emissions when combined with EGR.
The document discusses studies on exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic coated combustion chamber fueled with mixtures of carbureted methanol and crude jatropha oil. The maximum methanol induction was 50% for the recommended injection timing and 45% for the optimum timing. Exhaust emissions of smoke decreased by 125% and nitrogen oxides decreased by 70% with the engine using the combustion chamber fueled with methanol-oil mixtures compared to crude oil alone. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions increased substantially. Brake thermal efficiency increased up to a methanol level of 35% due to improved combustion but decreased at higher levels due to increased ignition delay.
Brief desccription of ammonia & urea plants with revampPrem Baboo
This document provides an overview of the proposed revamp of the existing ammonia and urea plants at the Vijaipur fertilizer complex in India. The revamp aims to increase the capacity of the ammonia and urea plants through various energy saving measures. It will increase the ammonia capacity of Line I by 150 MTPD to 1750 MTPD and Line II by 225 MTPD to 1864 MTPD. The urea capacity of Line I will increase to 3030 MTPD and Line II to 3231 MTPD. A 450 MTPD carbon dioxide recovery plant will also be installed to meet the additional CO2 needs of the urea plants. The revamp aims to enhance self
Effect of Inlet Air Preheating on Exhaust Gases in Single Cylinder I.C EngineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of preheating inlet air on exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption in a single cylinder internal combustion engine. The study used a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the engine exhaust gases to preheat the inlet air supplied to the engine. Results showed that preheating the inlet air led to reductions in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide emissions from the engine. Carbon dioxide emissions remained unchanged with inlet air preheating. Fuel consumption time, or engine efficiency, increased with higher inlet air temperatures due to preheating.
Investigation of performance of si engine with fuels gasoline, natural gas ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes an experiment that analyzed the effects of different fuel injection timings on various engine parameters in a multicylinder diesel engine. Five mode tests were conducted at injection timings of 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 degrees before top dead center. Parameters like fuel consumption, NOx emissions, exhaust temperature, air flow, and torque were measured across different engine loads. Graphs of these parameters were plotted against load for each injection timing. The results showed the influence of injection timing on air-fuel ratio, specific fuel consumption, fueling rate, and other indicators.
OPTIMIZATION OF AN OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT USING EXERGOECONOMICSijmech
The purpose of current study is to analyze the performance of an open cycle gas turbine power plant using
the concepts of exergoeconomics. Exergoeconomic technique involves the use of Second law of
thermodynamics and assigns monetary values to the thermodynamic quantity known as exergy. Analyses
based on exergoeconomic criteria are done for the open cycle gas turbine power plant turbine. The
methodology is illustrated using the example of a 25 MW open cycle gas turbine power plant. Optimization
has been done for the open cycle gas turbine power plant as tradeoffs between the unit product cost of the
compressor and combustion chamber as functions of compressor pressure ratio and unit product costs of
combustion chamber and gas turbine as functions of turbine inlet temperature.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a twin plug spark ignition engine at different ignition timings compared to a single plug engine. The key findings are:
1) The twin plug engine showed improved performance in terms of higher power output, thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to the single plug engine under all ignition timings tested.
2) Emissions of HC and CO were reduced in the twin plug mode of operation due to the more complete combustion from two ignition points and faster flame propagation speeds.
3) Optimum performance was achieved with simultaneous ignition of both plugs at 260 degrees before top dead center, with higher efficiency and ability to use leaner mixtures compared to advanced or ret
Economics of ammonia production from offgasesVK Arora
This document discusses opportunities for producing ammonia from hydrogen-rich off-gas streams from various petrochemical processes. As ethane cracking increases in the US and Middle East, these cracker plants produce large volumes of hydrogen-rich off-gas that can be used to power ammonia plants. Several process options are reviewed for utilizing these off-gases in ammonia production, including PSA, nitrogen wash, and secondary reforming. A case study evaluates the economics of using off-gases from ethane crackers, propane dehydrogenation plants, and methanol plants to power ammonia facilities in the US Gulf Coast and Middle East. Producing ammonia from these off-gases can provide environmental benefits through reduced nitrogen oxide
PRESENTATION-Commissioning Experiences on Ammonia and Urea projects- Independ...Mumin HACIMUSALAR
This document provides an overview of the author's experience commissioning six ammonia and urea plants between 2002-2014 in various countries. It summarizes the key milestones and timelines for pre-commissioning and commissioning each plant. The time from start of pre-commissioning to first urea production ranged from 8 to 19 months. Most projects experienced delays, with the delay period ranging from 2 to 17 months compared to original targets. Factors contributing to delays included issues providing natural gas and obtaining necessary permits.
Theoritical investigations of injection pressure in a four stroke di diesel e...IAEME Publication
This document discusses theoretical investigations of injection pressure in a four-stroke diesel engine using alcohol as fuel. A computer program was developed to simulate the engine's performance with diesel and at different alcohol injection pressures ranging from 180 to 160 bar. The results showed that an injection pressure of 165 bar for alcohol produced higher brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency that were closest to diesel fuel. It was concluded that alcohol can be used in diesel engines with an injection pressure of 165 bar as it allows an optimum amount of alcohol to be injected while compensating for alcohol's low viscosity.
Floodplain Modelling Materials and MethodologyIDES Editor
A floodplain is the normally dry land area adjoining
river or stream that is inundated during flood events. The
most common reason for flooding could be overtopping of river
or stream due to heavy downfall. The floodplain carries flow
in excess of the river or stream capacity. Flood frequency and
flood water-surface elevations are the crucial components for
the evaluation of flood hazard. This paper presents the
methodology that incorporates advanced technologies for
hydrologic and hydraulic analyses that are needed to be carried
out to predict the flood water-surface elevations for any
ungaged watershed.
PC-based Vision System for Operating Parameter Identification on a CNC MachineIDES Editor
Identification of suitable or optimum operating
parameters on a CNC machine is a non-trivial task. Especially
when the material of the component changes, operating
parameters need to be suitably varied. In this paper, a PCbased
vision system is presented for the automatic identification
of component material and appropriate selection of operating
parameters. The objective of this work is to develop a support
system to aid the operator in quick identification of machining
parameters
Overview of U.S EPA New Generation Emission Model: MOVESIDES Editor
The U.S Environment Protection Agency (EPA) has
released a new generation regulatory mobile emission model,
entitled MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator) to
replace its current emission models, MOBILE and
NONROAD. The transition to MOVES will have important
policy implications for regional mobile source emissions,
particularly inventories associated with transportation
conformity. The methodology of MOVES is based on a discrete
binning approach compared to average speed based approach
employed in traditional emission models. The scope of MOVES
has been expanded to estimate emissions at national, regional
and project scales, inclusion of number of pollutants and
emission processes, alternative vehicle and fuel types. MOVES
has an extensive database reflective of real world driving
conditions developed by assessing millions of vehicles for a
long period of time. Detailed description of methodology, scope
and data of MOVES is presented in this paper. Using a case
study of Cook County, Illinois emission estimates of green
house gas namely carbon dioxide (CO2) and a criteria
pollutant namely nitrogen oxide (NOx) are estimated by
MOVES and compared to its predecessor, MOBILE6.2. The
fundamental differences in emission estimation methodology
between the two models are the reasons for different
estimation results, with MOVES believed to be more accurate
owing to its theoretical superiority over MOBILE.
Experimental Educational Stand used for the Understanding of the Discharging ...IDES Editor
Screw feeders are devices suitable for handling a
wide variety of bulk solids materials that have good flow ability
characteristics and are often used as dosing feeders in food
industry and agriculture. The manner in which material flows
into the screw feeder affects the flow characteristics of the
feeding hopper, the residence periods of the material in various
locations in the bunker and thus the properties of the dosed
material. The present paper will present some experimental
results regarding the discharging profile of the mass flow
screw feeders with variable geometrical design.
Variations of run-up on Vertical and Curved Seawall Models under Regular, Ran...IDES Editor
The shoreline erosion is a major problem that persist
world wide and seawall still remain as one of the most widely
adopted coastal protection structure. The design of an efficient
seawall should be such that overtopping is minimized even
during coastal flooding and extreme events by maintaining its
crest elevation as low as possible. This can be obtained with
curved front face sea walls, with background an experimental
investigation on run-up over a vertical faced seawall and a
curved face seawall given in Coastal Engineering Manual
suggested by US ARMY CORPS were placed over a bed slope
of 1 in 30 and subjected to the action of regular, random and
cnoidal waves was carried out. The results of both the models
were compared and discussed.
There are many parameters of concrete that
influence its strength gaining characteristics. This study is
an attempt to use the early compressive strength test result to
estimate compressive strength at different ages. Potential
utilization of the early day compressive strength result to
predict characteristic strength of normal weight concrete has
been investigated. A simple mathematical model capable of
predicting the compressive strength of concrete at any age is
proposed for both stone and local aggregate concrete. The
basic model consists of a rational polynomial equation having
only two coefficients. This study also proposes a simple reliable
relationship between the coefficient p (strength at infinite
time) with the strength values of concrete of a particular day.
This relation greatly simplifies the concrete strength
prediction model. The developed model is validated for
commonly used stone aggregate concrete and also for local
(brick) aggregate concrete. Data used in this study are collected
from some previous studies and recent experimental works.
The analysis carried with the model using different data
exhibit reliable prediction of concrete strength at different
ages (7, 14, 28 days etc.) with excellent efficiency.
This document discusses using centrifugal oil cleaners to improve energy efficiency in industrial applications. It begins by introducing the problem of increasing contamination of lubricating oils in industrial machinery from wear particles and soot, which reduces efficiency. It then describes how centrifugal oil cleaners work by spinning oil at high speeds to remove contaminants down to micron sizes. The document evaluates centrifugal oil cleaners in applications like diesel engines, aluminum wire drawing, and quenching oil systems. It finds that centrifugal filtration extends oil life, reduces maintenance costs, and improves surface finish, power usage, and component wear. Overall, centrifugal oil cleaning is presented as an effective technique for improving energy conservation in industry.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Analysis of Fuel Produced from Automotive Waste Lube OilIRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that analyzed the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of pyrolysis fuel produced from waste automotive oil and diesel. The pyrolysis fuel was produced through microwave pyrolysis, which thermally cracks waste oil into smaller hydrocarbon chains. Various blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% pyrolysis fuel with diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. The results showed that brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing blend ratios due to higher brake specific fuel consumption. Emissions of NOx and CO increased with pyrolysis fuel blends compared to diesel alone.
Investigation of Pine Oil-Gasoline Blends through Performance and Emission An...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the performance and emissions of a gasoline engine fueled with blends of pine oil and gasoline. Pine oil was extracted from pine trees using water distillation and then blended with gasoline in variations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% pine oil. The blends were tested in a Tata Nano engine under various load conditions and the results were compared to gasoline alone. It was found that the 20% pine oil blend increased brake thermal efficiency by 1.64% over gasoline alone due to the blend's higher calorific value and lower viscosity improving combustion. Emissions of CO and HC decreased with the 10% pine oil blend while NOx increased slightly.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Amit Nitharwal to the Department of Petroleum Engineering at the University College of Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University in Kota, India. The report discusses advancement in enhanced oil recovery techniques. It provides an overview of primary, secondary and enhanced oil recovery processes. It also reviews various enhanced oil recovery techniques in detail, including polymer flooding, chemical flooding, miscible injection, thermal recovery processes and other techniques. The report aims to analyze emerging trends in these techniques to improve oil production.
2 ijaems sept-2015-2-experimental investigation of waste transformer oil as a...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This paper reports on the Waste transformer oil fuel is blended with diesel fuel in different percentage and the effects of their operational characteristics and performance and emission characteristics of the DI diesel engine. In this study, the tested fuels were obtained through catalytic cracking process. Experimental results showed that the flash points and cetane number of the WTO blended diesel have increased with higher concentration of WTO. Based on the experimental results, HC, CO and NOx emissions noticeably decrease, while smoke emissions dramatically increase with increasing the dosing level of WTO. At the full load, the magnitude of HC, CO and NOx emissions for the neat diesel was 120 ppm, 0.36 (%by volume) and 1130ppm, whereas it was 68 ppm, 0.17 (%by volume) and 410ppm for the WTO20 fuel, respectively. The results also showed a significant enhancement in brake thermal efficiency and heat release rate due to the influence of the WTO20 in diesel blend.
Experimental Investigation of Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Met...IJMER
The document summarizes an experimental investigation of a twin cylinder diesel engine using diesel and methanol fuels. Key findings include:
1) The engine was tested at zero load and full load conditions using 100% diesel and 100% methanol. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency were higher for methanol while specific fuel consumption was lower.
2) Exhaust emissions of particulate matter and SOx were significantly lower for methanol compared to diesel, reducing by 80-90% and 75-90% respectively. Nitrogen oxide emissions were also lower for methanol.
3) At full load, brake thermal efficiency was 62.8% for methanol compared to 34.7% for diesel, representing an increase of 32.1% when using
1) The study investigated the effect of varying fuel injection pressure and timing on particulate size, number, surface area, and volume distributions in a single cylinder diesel engine.
2) Results showed that particulate concentration increased with engine load but decreased with higher fuel injection pressure, as higher pressure improved fuel-air mixing.
3) Advancing injection timing reduced particulate concentration at high injection pressure by allowing more time for oxidation, but had varying effects at low pressure due to competing effects on mixing time and droplet size.
CFD Analysis on the Effect of Injection Timing for Diesel Combustion and Emis...IJERA Editor
This paper describes the effect of injection timing in diesel combustion. Ansys Fluent a computational fluid dynamics tool is used to study the combustion of diesel with three different injection timing. The fuel is injected before TDC, at TDC and after TDC. The parameters such as temperature, pressure, velocity, density, soot and NOx emission are compared. The specie transport model is used for modelling the combustion. Standard k-e (2 equ) is used for modelling the turbulence. The analysis is carried out by only considering the compression and expansion strokes. The pressure reaches the maximum when the fuel is injected before TDC and the maximum temperature is when injected at TDC. The NOx emission is less when the fuel is injected at TDC and the soot formation is when fuel injected before TDC.
Improving the Viscosity Index of used Lubricating Oil by Solvent ExtractionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the ability of three solvents (phenol, furfural, and N-methyl pyrrolidone) to selectively extract contaminants from used motor oil through solvent extraction. The goal was to improve the viscosity index of the used oil. N-methyl pyrrolidone proved most effective at improving viscosity index, increasing it to 105. Furfural extraction yielded the highest percentage of purified oil at 90%. The study characterized used and fresh motor oils and found that solvent extraction significantly reduced the viscosity and other indicators of contamination in the used oil.
This document discusses a study that examined the effect of compression ratio on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine modified to operate as a dual fuel engine using biogas and diesel. The engine was tested at compression ratios of 14:1, 16:1, and 18:1 while varying the load. Brake thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency were highest at a compression ratio of 18:1, while brake specific fuel consumption was lowest. NOx and CO2 emissions increased with compression ratio and were highest at 18:1, while HC and CO emissions decreased with compression ratio and were highest at 14:1. The study found that a compression ratio of 18:1 produced the best performance and lowest emissions in the biogas-diesel
IRJET- Preliminary Optimization of Duel Fuel Engine using Dimethyl Ether Prem...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into using dimethyl ether (DME) as a fuel additive for diesel engines to help reduce emissions. Key points:
- DME is tested as a pilot fuel for port injection in a single-cylinder diesel engine, with diesel as the main fuel, in a "dual-fuel" configuration. This allows controlling the premixed fuel-air ratio to achieve premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI).
- Preliminary results show DME can significantly reduce particulate emissions from diesel engines compared to diesel alone. However, NOx emissions may increase and require optimization of injection timing.
- DME has advantages over diesel such as being less toxic and producing lower emissions during combustion.
IRJET- Spectrometric Analysis of Lubrication Oils used in Spinning Indust...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes lubricating oils used in spinning industries through spectrometric analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze samples of various oils after different durations of use in machines like carding, RSB/comber, speed frame spindle and ring frame gear and spindle. FTIR identified functional groups and chemical bonds to detect changes in properties from new to used oils. Analysis found some oils had little change while others showed signs of degradation or additional additives in used samples. The study aims to better understand oil degradation and machine wear to improve reliability and maintenance costs.
1) The document describes a new test method called OILPAS that measures engine oil aeration through optical imaging of bubbles in a test cell.
2) The OILPAS method dynamically aerates oil samples through agitation and measures the amount of dispersed gas as well as the time required for gas release.
3) Test results on various engine oils showed correlations between OILPAS measurements of aeration and deaeration to results from engine tests, demonstrating its effectiveness as an evaluation method.
Grease Sampling and Analysis of Offshore Wind Installations in Europe to Impr...Rich Wurzbach
This document summarizes a study on sampling and analyzing grease from offshore wind turbine installations in Europe. The study aimed to develop reliable grease sampling and analysis methods to assess bearing condition and improve reliability. Researchers tested active grease sampling devices and analyzed samples for properties like ferrous debris, moisture, and consistency. Spatial sampling of two turbine bearings showed heterogeneity in grease properties. Analysis methods provided accurate wear and contamination data for condition monitoring and optimized maintenance. The study demonstrated that grease analysis is an important tool for monitoring wind turbine bearing health.
Experimental investigation of thermal performance of petrol engine using fuel...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Study and Experimentation on Reduction of Emission in Diesel EngineIRJET Journal
- The document presents a study on reducing diesel engine emissions through oxygen augment combustion technology.
- An experiment was conducted on a vehicle by supplying oxygen to the intake air, which reduced emissions as measured by a smoke meter. Smoke and HC-CO levels decreased with oxygen augmentation.
- While NOx emissions may increase with higher oxygen levels, overall the study found that properly implemented oxygen augmentation can effectively reduce diesel engine emissions.
Topuria R., Sharabidze I., Markelia B. Some specifications of diesel engine r...Елена Овечкина
The paper dwells on the effectiveness the transition of diesel transport–energy equipment to the alternative gaseous fuel, as well as its specific design features. There is justified the possibility of the ignition of a gaseous fuel mixture through the assessment of dosing of the explosive charge, and its influence on the functioning of the process of a gas–air mixture combustion.
There are also described the possible positive phenomena, which have sprung during the operation on gaseous fuel.
Design and development of pyrolysis batch reactor and characterization of tir...eSAT Journals
Abstract Owing to the increased fuel crises and rapid growth of transportation sector, it is very much necessary to identify and alternative to petroleum feed stocks. On the other hand disposal of solid waste material raises the hazard of environmental pollution. In order to bridge these gaps, a pyrolysis batch reactor was designed and fabricated in the present investigation with an overall dimension of 400 X 200 X 458 cm and handling capacity of 10 kgs per cycle. The yield of TPO was optimized with reaction temperature to produce high quantity of gaseous outputs. Elemental analysis, Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry analysis and Fourier transform infrared analysis were carried out and found that limonene was the major compound in the TPO. The FT IR analysis also revealed the presence of aliphatic and aromatic compounds in the TPO. The physio-chemical properties of TPO were determined using Indian standard 1448 standards and were found to usable in internal combustion engine as treated TPO and blends of TPO with straight diesel. Keywords: Pyrolysis, Elemental analysis, Limonene, Calorific value, Sulphur.
Cold transient emissions optimisation for di diesel engine on high dynamic te...Thierry Dalon
The document describes a new method developed by Renault called ORME to optimize engine control parameters during the warm-up period of emissions testing. ORME uses a high dynamic test bed to collect engine response data across multiple tests with small variations in control parameters. It builds a linear model of the engine's transient responses during warm-up and then uses this model to compute the optimal control parameters at each second to minimize emissions while meeting constraints on NOx, PM, fuel consumption and noise. This approach reduces the number of required tests compared to traditional methods and provides a good first suggestion of optimal warm-up calibrations.
Similar to A Simple and Accurate Experimental Method for Measurement of Engine Oil Consumption (20)
Power System State Estimation - A ReviewIDES Editor
This document provides a review of power system state estimation techniques. It discusses both static and dynamic state estimation algorithms. For static state estimation, it covers weighted least squares, decoupled, and robust estimation methods. Weighted least squares is commonly used but can have numerical instability issues. Decoupled state estimation approximates the gain matrix for faster computation. Robust estimation uses M-estimators and other techniques to handle outliers and bad data. Dynamic state estimation applies Kalman filtering, leapfrog algorithms, and other methods to continuously monitor system states over time.
Artificial Intelligence Technique based Reactive Power Planning Incorporating...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using artificial intelligence techniques and FACTS controllers for reactive power planning in real-time power transmission systems. The paper formulates the reactive power planning problem and incorporates flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices like static VAR compensators (SVC), thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSC), and unified power flow controllers (UPFC). Evolutionary algorithms like evolutionary programming (EP) and differential evolution (DE) are applied to find the optimal locations and settings of the FACTS controllers to minimize losses and costs. Simulation results on IEEE 30-bus and 72-bus Indian test systems show that UPFC performs best in reducing losses compared to SVC and TCSC.
Design and Performance Analysis of Genetic based PID-PSS with SVC in a Multi-...IDES Editor
Damping of power system oscillations with the help
of proposed optimal Proportional Integral Derivative Power
System Stabilizer (PID-PSS) and Static Var Compensator
(SVC)-based controllers are thoroughly investigated in this
paper. This study presents robust tuning of PID-PSS and
SVC-based controllers using Genetic Algorithms (GA) in
multi machine power systems by considering detailed model
of the generators (model 1.1). The effectiveness of FACTSbased
controllers in general and SVC-based controller in
particular depends upon their proper location. Modal
controllability and observability are used to locate SVC–based
controller. The performance of the proposed controllers is
compared with conventional lead-lag power system stabilizer
(CPSS) and demonstrated on 10 machines, 39 bus New England
test system. Simulation studies show that the proposed genetic
based PID-PSS with SVC based controller provides better
performance.
Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
further led to an increase in interest in Distributed
Generation. In order to reduce the power losses and to improve
the voltage in the distribution system, distributed generators
(DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power
losses in the system, the most important process is to identify
the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. It presents a
new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic
approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for
the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile, voltage sag mitigation. The power
loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a
competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power
quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on
customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is
developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate
sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage
in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV
network has been chosen as test network and results are
compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution
system.
Line Losses in the 14-Bus Power System Network using UPFCIDES Editor
Controlling power flow in modern power systems
can be made more flexible by the use of recent developments
in power electronic and computing control technology. The
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a Flexible AC
transmission system (FACTS) device that can control all the
three system variables namely line reactance, magnitude and
phase angle difference of voltage across the line. The UPFC
provides a promising means to control power flow in modern
power systems. Essentially the performance depends on proper
control setting achievable through a power flow analysis
program. This paper presents a reliable method to meet the
requirements by developing a Newton-Raphson based load
flow calculation through which control settings of UPFC can
be determined for the pre-specified power flow between the
lines. The proposed method keeps Newton-Raphson Load Flow
(NRLF) algorithm intact and needs (little modification in the
Jacobian matrix). A MATLAB program has been developed to
calculate the control settings of UPFC and the power flow
between the lines after the load flow is converged. Case studies
have been performed on IEEE 5-bus system and 14-bus system
to show that the proposed method is effective. These studies
indicate that the method maintains the basic NRLF properties
such as fast computational speed, high degree of accuracy and
good convergence rate.
Study of Structural Behaviour of Gravity Dam with Various Features of Gallery...IDES Editor
The size and shape of opening in dam causes the
stress concentration, it also causes the stress variation in the
rest of the dam cross section. The gravity method of the analysis
does not consider the size of opening and the elastic property
of dam material. Thus the objective of study is comprises of
the Finite Element Method which considers the size of
opening, elastic property of material, and stress distribution
because of geometric discontinuity in cross section of dam.
Stress concentration inside the dam increases with the opening
in dam which results in the failure of dam. Hence it is
necessary to analyses large opening inside the dam. By making
the percentage area of opening constant and varying size and
shape of opening the analysis is carried out. For this purpose
a section of Koyna Dam is considered. Dam is defined as a
plane strain element in FEM, based on geometry and loading
condition. Thus this available information specified our path
of approach to carry out 2D plane strain analysis. The results
obtained are then compared mutually to get most efficient
way of providing large opening in the gravity dam.
Assessing Uncertainty of Pushover Analysis to Geometric ModelingIDES Editor
Pushover Analysis a popular tool for seismic
performance evaluation of existing and new structures and is
nonlinear Static procedure where in monotonically increasing
loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable
to resist the further load .During the analysis, whatever the
strength of concrete and steel is adopted for analysis of
structure may not be the same when real structure is
constructed and the pushover analysis results are very sensitive
to material model adopted, geometric model adopted, location
of plastic hinges and in general to procedure followed by the
analyzer. In this paper attempt has been made to assess
uncertainty in pushover analysis results by considering user
defined hinges and frame modeled as bare frame and frame
with slab modeled as rigid diaphragm and results compared
with experimental observations. Uncertain parameters
considered includes the strength of concrete, strength of steel
and cover to the reinforcement which are randomly generated
and incorporated into the analysis. The results are then
compared with experimental observations.
Secure Multi-Party Negotiation: An Analysis for Electronic Payments in Mobile...IDES Editor
This document summarizes and analyzes secure multi-party negotiation protocols for electronic payments in mobile computing. It presents a framework for secure multi-party decision protocols using lightweight implementations. The main focus is on synchronizing security features to avoid agreement manipulation and reduce user traffic. The paper describes negotiation between an auctioneer and bidders, showing multiparty security is better than existing systems. It analyzes the performance of encryption algorithms like ECC, XTR, and RSA for use in the multiparty negotiation protocols.
Selfish Node Isolation & Incentivation using Progressive ThresholdsIDES Editor
The problems associated with selfish nodes in
MANET are addressed by a collaborative watchdog approach
which reduces the detection time for selfish nodes thereby
improves the performance and accuracy of watchdogs[1]. In
the related works they make use of credit based systems, reputation
based mechanisms, pathrater and watchdog mechanism
to detect such selfish nodes. In this paper we follow an approach
of collaborative watchdog which reduces the detection
time for selfish nodes and also involves the removal of such
selfish nodes based on some progressively assessed thresholds.
The threshold gives the nodes a chance to stop misbehaving
before it is permanently deleted from the network.
The node passes through several isolation processes before it
is permanently removed. Another version of AODV protocol
is used here which allows the simulation of selfish nodes in
NS2 by adding or modifying log files in the protocol.
Various OSI Layer Attacks and Countermeasure to Enhance the Performance of WS...IDES Editor
Wireless sensor networks are networks having non
wired infrastructure and dynamic topology. In OSI model each
layer is prone to various attacks, which halts the performance
of a network .In this paper several attacks on four layers of
OSI model are discussed and security mechanism is described
to prevent attack in network layer i.e wormhole attack. In
Wormhole attack two or more malicious nodes makes a covert
channel which attracts the traffic towards itself by depicting a
low latency link and then start dropping and replaying packets
in the multi-path route. This paper proposes promiscuous mode
method to detect and isolate the malicious node during
wormhole attack by using Ad-hoc on demand distance vector
routing protocol (AODV) with omnidirectional antenna. The
methodology implemented notifies that the nodes which are
not participating in multi-path routing generates an alarm
message during delay and then detects and isolate the
malicious node from network. We also notice that not only
the same kind of attacks but also the same kind of
countermeasures can appear in multiple layer. For example,
misbehavior detection techniques can be applied to almost all
the layers we discussed.
Responsive Parameter based an AntiWorm Approach to Prevent Wormhole Attack in...IDES Editor
The recent advancements in the wireless technology
and their wide-spread deployment have made remarkable
enhancements in efficiency in the corporate and industrial
and Military sectors The increasing popularity and usage of
wireless technology is creating a need for more secure wireless
Ad hoc networks. This paper aims researched and developed
a new protocol that prevents wormhole attacks on a ad hoc
network. A few existing protocols detect wormhole attacks but
they require highly specialized equipment not found on most
wireless devices. This paper aims to develop a defense against
wormhole attacks as an Anti-worm protocol which is based on
responsive parameters, that does not require as a significant
amount of specialized equipment, trick clock synchronization,
no GPS dependencies.
Cloud Security and Data Integrity with Client Accountability FrameworkIDES Editor
This document summarizes a proposed cloud security and data integrity framework that provides client accountability. The framework aims to address issues like lack of user control over cloud data, need for data transparency and tracking, and ensuring data integrity. It proposes using JAR (Java Archive) files for data sharing due to benefits like portability. The framework incorporates client-side verification using MD5 hashing, digital signature-based authentication of JAR files, and use of HMAC to ensure data integrity. It also uses password-based encryption of log files to keep them tamper-proof. The framework is intended to provide both accountability and security for data sharing in cloud environments.
Genetic Algorithm based Layered Detection and Defense of HTTP BotnetIDES Editor
A System state in HTTP botnet uses HTTP protocol
for the creation of chain of Botnets thereby compromising
other systems. By using HTTP protocol and port number 80,
attacks can not only be hidden but also pass through the
firewall without being detected. The DPR based detection
leads to better analysis of botnet attacks [3]. However, it
provides only probabilistic detection of the attacker and also
time consuming and error prone. This paper proposes a Genetic
algorithm based layered approach for detecting as well as
preventing botnet attacks. The paper reviews p2p firewall
implementation which forms the basis of filtering.
Performance evaluation is done based on precision, F-value
and probability. Layered approach reduces the computation
and overall time requirement [7]. Genetic algorithm promises
a low false positive rate.
Enhancing Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing Through SteganographyIDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for enhancing data security in cloud computing through steganography. The method hides user data in digital images stored on cloud servers. When data needs to be accessed, it is extracted from the images. The document outlines the cloud architecture and security issues addressed. It then describes the proposed system architecture, security model, and data storage and retrieval process. Data is partitioned and hidden in multiple images to improve security. The goal is to prevent unauthorized access to user data stored on cloud servers.
The main tasks of a Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) are data collection from its nodes and communication
of this data to the base station (BS). The protocols used for
communication among the WSN nodes and between the WSN
and the BS, must consider the resource constraints of nodes,
battery energy, computational capabilities and memory. The
WSN applications involve unattended operation of the network
over an extended period of time. In order to extend the lifetime
of a WSN, efficient routing protocols need to be adopted. The
proposed low power routing protocol based on tree-based
network structure reliably forwards the measured data towards
the BS using TDMA. An energy consumption analysis of the
WSN making use of this protocol is also carried out. It is
found that the network is energy efficient with an average
duty cycle of 0:7% for the WSN nodes. The OmNET++
simulation platform along with MiXiM framework is made
use of.
Permutation of Pixels within the Shares of Visual Cryptography using KBRP for...IDES Editor
The security of authentication of internet based
co-banking services should not be susceptible to high risks.
The passwords are highly vulnerable to virus attacks due to
the lack of high end embedding of security methods. In order
for the passwords to be more secure, people are generally
compelled to select jumbled up character based passwords
which are not only less memorable but are also equally prone
to insecurity. Multiple use of distributed shares has been
studied to solve the problem of authentication by algorithms
based on thresholding of pixels in image processing and visual
cryptography concepts where the subset of shares is considered
for the recovery of the original image for authentication using
correlation function[1][2].The main disadvantage in the above
study is the plain storage of shares and also one of the shares
is being supplied to the customer, which will lead to the
possibility of misuse by a third party. This paper proposes a
technique for scrambling of pixels by key based random
permutation (KBRP) within the shares before the
authentication has been attempted. Total number of shares to
be created is dependent on the multiplicity of ownership of
the account. By this method the problem of uncertainty among
the customers with regard to security, storage, retrieval of
holding of half of the shares is minimized.
This paper presents a trifocal Rotman Lens Design
approach. The effects of focal ratio and element spacing on
the performance of Rotman Lens are described. A three beam
prototype feeding 4 element antenna array working in L-band
has been simulated using RLD v1.7 software. Simulated
results show that the simulated lens has a return loss of –
12.4dB at 1.8GHz. Beam to array port phase error variation
with change in the focal ratio and element spacing has also
been investigated.
Band Clustering for the Lossless Compression of AVIRIS Hyperspectral ImagesIDES Editor
Hyperspectral images can be efficiently compressed
through a linear predictive model, as for example the one
used in the SLSQ algorithm. In this paper we exploit this
predictive model on the AVIRIS images by individuating,
through an off-line approach, a common subset of bands, which
are not spectrally related with any other bands. These bands
are not useful as prediction reference for the SLSQ 3-D
predictive model and we need to encode them via other
prediction strategies which consider only spatial correlation.
We have obtained this subset by clustering the AVIRIS bands
via the clustering by compression approach. The main result
of this paper is the list of the bands, not related with the
others, for AVIRIS images. The clustering trees obtained for
AVIRIS and the relationship among bands they depict is also
an interesting starting point for future research.
Microelectronic Circuit Analogous to Hydrogen Bonding Network in Active Site ...IDES Editor
A microelectronic circuit of block-elements
functionally analogous to two hydrogen bonding networks is
investigated. The hydrogen bonding networks are extracted
from â-lactamase protein and are formed in its active site.
Each hydrogen bond of the network is described in equivalent
electrical circuit by three or four-terminal block-element.
Each block-element is coded in Matlab. Static and dynamic
analyses are performed. The resultant microelectronic circuit
analogous to the hydrogen bonding network operates as
current mirror, sine pulse source, triangular pulse source as
well as signal modulator.
Texture Unit based Monocular Real-world Scene Classification using SOM and KN...IDES Editor
In this paper a method is proposed to discriminate
real world scenes in to natural and manmade scenes of similar
depth. Global-roughness of a scene image varies as a function
of image-depth. Increase in image depth leads to increase in
roughness in manmade scenes; on the contrary natural scenes
exhibit smooth behavior at higher image depth. This particular
arrangement of pixels in scene structure can be well explained
by local texture information in a pixel and its neighborhood.
Our proposed method analyses local texture information of a
scene image using texture unit matrix. For final classification
we have used both supervised and unsupervised learning using
K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) and Self Organizing
Map (SOM) respectively. This technique is useful for online
classification due to very less computational complexity.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.