This document discusses strategic and operational planning. Strategic planning involves setting long-term objectives at the corporate level, while operational planning focuses on short-term objectives at lower management levels. Strategic planning includes analyzing the environment, setting objectives, and developing strategies. Operational planning involves creating functional strategies and standing, single-use, and contingency plans. The key aspects of strategic planning are developing a mission, analyzing competitors and the company's strengths/weaknesses, and selecting grand and growth strategies.
Planning
Planning is an intellectual process of making decisions and it aims to achieve a co ordinate and consistent set of operations aimed at desired objectives. Planning is essentially a process of making choice between available alternatives at all levels of decision making.
This Slide is Prepare for B.Sc. Nursing Students. Which help to Understand Recruitment Process in Simple Language.
Contents:
01. Introduction
02. Definition
03. Sources of Recruitment
04. Methods of Recruitment
in this slideshow , the generally there are 10 planning of principle which make every planning more effective and every plan as efficient .it is the general and short points but in really this small principle are the backbone of every planning and make it successful
Planning
Planning is an intellectual process of making decisions and it aims to achieve a co ordinate and consistent set of operations aimed at desired objectives. Planning is essentially a process of making choice between available alternatives at all levels of decision making.
This Slide is Prepare for B.Sc. Nursing Students. Which help to Understand Recruitment Process in Simple Language.
Contents:
01. Introduction
02. Definition
03. Sources of Recruitment
04. Methods of Recruitment
in this slideshow , the generally there are 10 planning of principle which make every planning more effective and every plan as efficient .it is the general and short points but in really this small principle are the backbone of every planning and make it successful
Balanced Scorecard, A Comprehensive Guide Upendra K
The Balanced scorecard is a management system that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into action.
Provides an organization with feedback of both the internal business processes and external outcomes, which allows for continuous improvement of strategic performance and results.
Nerve center of an enterprise
The term “scorecard” signifies quantified performance measures and “balanced” signifies the system is balanced between:
Short-term and long term objectives
Financial and non-financial measures
Lagging and leading indicators
Internal and external performance perspectives
The concept of the balanced scorecard was first touted in the Harvard Business Review in 1992 in a paper written by Robert S Kaplan and David P Norton.
The paper introduced the idea of focusing on human issues as well as financial ones, and measuring performance across a much wider spectrum than businesses had done before.
Kaplan and Norton published their ideas in full in The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action in 1996 and it became a business bestseller.
The balanced scorecard is centered on four performance metrics or perspectives:
Customers
Internal processes
Financial
Learning and growth
When implemented properly, each one of these perspectives contains four subparts consisting of
Objectives
Measures
Targets
Initiatives
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Strategic and Operational Planning
• Long range objectives (more
than 1 year)
• Upper level management
• Corporate and business
planning level
• Short-range objectives (less
than 1 year)
• Middle and lower level
managers
• Functional planning level
Strategic Planning: Operational Planning:
3. Strategy
• A plan for pursuing a mission and achieving objectives
• Three levels
• Corporate
• Business
• Functional
Part of Strategic Planning
Part of Operational Planning
4. Three Levels of Strategy
• A corporate strategy: strategic plan for managing multiple lines
of business
• A business strategy: strategic plan for managing one line of
business
• A functional strategy: operational plan for managing one area
of a business.
5. Strategic Planning Process
• Develop the mission:
• A mission is often based on a vision that defines where the company is
headed, and explains why
• Analyze the environment:
• An analysis focuses on those features in a company’s environment that
most directly affect its options and opportunities
• Set objectives:
• What is to be accomplished in specific and measurable terms with a
target date of completion
6. • Develop strategies:
• Overall corporate strategy for growth, stability, turnaround and/or
retrenchment
• Implement and control strategies:
• Constantly ongoing, especially at operational level
Strategic Planning Process
7. Analyzing the Environment
• Industry and Competitive Situation Analysis
• Company Situation Analysis
• At the business level to determine the strategic issues and problems
that need to be addressed
8. Company Situation Analysis
1. Assessment of the present strategy based on performance
2. SWOT analysis
3. Assessment of competitive strength and identification of
competitive advantage
4. Conclusions concerning competitive position
5. Determination of the issues and problems that need to be
addressed through the strategic planning process
10. Competitive Advantage
• Competitive Advantage
• Specifies how an organization offers unique customer value
• Benchmarking is the process of comparing an organization’s products
or services and processes with those of other companies
11.
12. Setting and Writing Objectives
• Goals
• State general, broad targets to be accomplished
• Objectives
• State what is to be accomplished in specific and measurable terms with
a target date
• Writing Effective Objectives
• (1) To + (2) action verb + (3) specific and measurable result + (4) target
date
13. Criteria For Objectives
• Must:
• express a specific and measurable result
• set a date for achieving that result
• have a single result
• Want:
• difficult but achievable
• participatively set
• acceptance and commitment
14. Management by Objectives (MBO)
• A process in which managers and their employees work
together towards objectives
• Managers and employees jointly set individual objectives
• Give feedback
• Evaluate performance
• Reward according to performance
17. Grand Strategies
• Growth: a firm pursues increasing its size
• Stability: a firm maintains the same size or grows slowly
• Turnaround and retrenchment: a firm attempts a comeback, and
retrenchment decreases its size
• Combination of these strategies: two or more of the three
strategies are used for different lines of business
18. Growth Strategies
• Concentration: a firm grows in its exiting line(s) of business
• Backward and Forward Integration: a firm grows by entering
forward or backward lines of business
• Related and Unrelated Diversification: a firm grows by adding
related or unrelated products
19. Merger and Acquisition
• A merger occurs when two companies form one corporation
• An acquisition occurs when one business buys all or part of
another business
20. Corporate Portfolio Management (CPM)
• The primary objective of corporate portfolio management
(CPM) is to make strategic decisions about the allocation of
resources among business units.
• Cash cows:
• Large market share but little industry growth
• Question marks:
• Little market share but in a growing industry
• Stars:
• Large market share in a growing industry
• Dogs:
• Small market share with little industry growth
21. Adaptive Strategies
• Prospecting:
• A firm offers new products and enters to new markets
• Defending:
• A firm stays in product line and markets
• Analyzing:
• A firm moves into new markets and seeks new opportunities
23. Operational Planning
• Functional Strategies are a major part of Operational Planning
• Marketing Strategy
• Operations Strategy
• Finance Strategy
• Human Resources Strategy
• Other Functional Strategies
24. Standing Plans
• Purpose: to guide employee’s actions in decision making
• Policies, rules and procedures for handling repetitive situations
• Policies provide general guidelines to be followed when making
decisions
• A procedure is a sequence of actions to be followed in order to achieve
an objective
• Rules state exactly what should or should not be done
25. Single-Use Plans
• For specific purposes
• Programs and budgets for handling non-repetitive situations
• Used as a model for future version of the program or budget
• Growth Strategy is an example of single-use plans
26. Contingency Plans
• Alternative plans
• Implemented if uncontrollable events occurs
• Construction work is an example of contingency plans
• Should answer three questions:
1. What might go wrong?
2. How can I prevent it from happening?
3. If it does occur, what can I do to minimize its effect?