5. How do splicing and the RNAi mechanism regulate which mRNA molecu.pdf
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Splicing and the RNAi mechanism regulate which mRNA molecules are translated via small RNA molecules like siRNA and snRNA. siRNA and snRNA contain uridine and are around 150 nucleotides, forming spliceosomes to splice with the help of snRNP. MicroRNAs are 21-27 nucleotide non-coding products that cause gene silencing by binding to the 3' UTR of mRNA and inhibiting translation. Both miRNA and siRNA can silence gene expression by cleavage or base pairing with mRNA. Dicer is an endoribonuclease that cleaves long double-stranded RNA and pre-microRNA into 20-25 nucleotide fragments, producing small interfering RNA and microRNA which influence gene expression.
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Gene silencing
Overview of Gene silencing, how it's works. its pros and cons to the future aspects of genetic engineering.
Dicer it is also referred as endoribonuclease Dicer. It has activit.pdf
Dicer: it is also referred as endoribonuclease Dicer. It has activity of cleaving double-stranded
RNA and pre –microRNA into specific fragments of RNA 20 to 15 kb (double stranded). This
enzyme is also known as helicase with RNase. This enzyme called dicer and large RNA
molecules produces small interfering RNA and micro RNA.
Gene expression & dicer: The process of generation of messenger RNA from genome of DNA in
the presence of RNA polymerase and transcription factors is known as “gene expression”. Dicer
influences gene expression by binding to “nascent mRNA” to cut into small fragements result in
negative feedback of gene expression
Example:
In fission yeast, defective RNA interference (RNAi) is leading to loss of H3K9 methylation at
cetromere result in loss of centromere function. Through a series of transcriptive and Dicer
related activities, siRNAs are formed that are required for recruiting RITS complex to the
centromere and heterochromatin formation. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase II is mainly
responsible for the generation of short- lived siRNA finally a double stranded dsRNA is
generated from this siRNA by dicer. These siRNA are complexed with argonaute result in Ago1
blockade finally RITS (RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional silencing) is recruited for co-
transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing result in assembly of heterochromatin to the
centromere
Solution
Dicer: it is also referred as endoribonuclease Dicer. It has activity of cleaving double-stranded
RNA and pre –microRNA into specific fragments of RNA 20 to 15 kb (double stranded). This
enzyme is also known as helicase with RNase. This enzyme called dicer and large RNA
molecules produces small interfering RNA and micro RNA.
Gene expression & dicer: The process of generation of messenger RNA from genome of DNA in
the presence of RNA polymerase and transcription factors is known as “gene expression”. Dicer
influences gene expression by binding to “nascent mRNA” to cut into small fragements result in
negative feedback of gene expression
Example:
In fission yeast, defective RNA interference (RNAi) is leading to loss of H3K9 methylation at
cetromere result in loss of centromere function. Through a series of transcriptive and Dicer
related activities, siRNAs are formed that are required for recruiting RITS complex to the
centromere and heterochromatin formation. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase II is mainly
responsible for the generation of short- lived siRNA finally a double stranded dsRNA is
generated from this siRNA by dicer. These siRNA are complexed with argonaute result in Ago1
blockade finally RITS (RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional silencing) is recruited for co-
transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing result in assembly of heterochromatin to the
centromere.
SiRNA
SiRNA have become not an exciting new tool in molecular biology but also the next frontier in molecular medicine.
Functions of micro RNA
Scientists have recently explored the amazing discovery that many cells produce thousands of much smaller RNA molecules, micro RNAs. Instance, more than 500 different micro RNAs have been found in human cells alone.
Micro RNA plays an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation, such as RISC, and can cause interference and shut down gene activity.
Micro RNA is a form of ribonucleic acid and does not contain genetic information.
RANi (RNA interference)
RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionally highly conserved process of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
It was first discovered in 1998 by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and later found in a wide variety of organisms, including mammals.
Recommended
Gene silencing
Overview of Gene silencing, how it's works. its pros and cons to the future aspects of genetic engineering.
Dicer it is also referred as endoribonuclease Dicer. It has activit.pdf
Dicer: it is also referred as endoribonuclease Dicer. It has activity of cleaving double-stranded
RNA and pre –microRNA into specific fragments of RNA 20 to 15 kb (double stranded). This
enzyme is also known as helicase with RNase. This enzyme called dicer and large RNA
molecules produces small interfering RNA and micro RNA.
Gene expression & dicer: The process of generation of messenger RNA from genome of DNA in
the presence of RNA polymerase and transcription factors is known as “gene expression”. Dicer
influences gene expression by binding to “nascent mRNA” to cut into small fragements result in
negative feedback of gene expression
Example:
In fission yeast, defective RNA interference (RNAi) is leading to loss of H3K9 methylation at
cetromere result in loss of centromere function. Through a series of transcriptive and Dicer
related activities, siRNAs are formed that are required for recruiting RITS complex to the
centromere and heterochromatin formation. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase II is mainly
responsible for the generation of short- lived siRNA finally a double stranded dsRNA is
generated from this siRNA by dicer. These siRNA are complexed with argonaute result in Ago1
blockade finally RITS (RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional silencing) is recruited for co-
transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing result in assembly of heterochromatin to the
centromere
Solution
Dicer: it is also referred as endoribonuclease Dicer. It has activity of cleaving double-stranded
RNA and pre –microRNA into specific fragments of RNA 20 to 15 kb (double stranded). This
enzyme is also known as helicase with RNase. This enzyme called dicer and large RNA
molecules produces small interfering RNA and micro RNA.
Gene expression & dicer: The process of generation of messenger RNA from genome of DNA in
the presence of RNA polymerase and transcription factors is known as “gene expression”. Dicer
influences gene expression by binding to “nascent mRNA” to cut into small fragements result in
negative feedback of gene expression
Example:
In fission yeast, defective RNA interference (RNAi) is leading to loss of H3K9 methylation at
cetromere result in loss of centromere function. Through a series of transcriptive and Dicer
related activities, siRNAs are formed that are required for recruiting RITS complex to the
centromere and heterochromatin formation. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase II is mainly
responsible for the generation of short- lived siRNA finally a double stranded dsRNA is
generated from this siRNA by dicer. These siRNA are complexed with argonaute result in Ago1
blockade finally RITS (RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional silencing) is recruited for co-
transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing result in assembly of heterochromatin to the
centromere.
SiRNA
SiRNA have become not an exciting new tool in molecular biology but also the next frontier in molecular medicine.
Functions of micro RNA
Scientists have recently explored the amazing discovery that many cells produce thousands of much smaller RNA molecules, micro RNAs. Instance, more than 500 different micro RNAs have been found in human cells alone.
Micro RNA plays an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation, such as RISC, and can cause interference and shut down gene activity.
Micro RNA is a form of ribonucleic acid and does not contain genetic information.
RANi (RNA interference)
RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionally highly conserved process of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
It was first discovered in 1998 by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and later found in a wide variety of organisms, including mammals.
RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Riboswitches and RNA interference (RNAi)
Riboswitches are the control buttons of mRNAs. They control the expression of gene by regulating transcription and translation.
Gene silencing by RNA interference is a mechanism of post transcriptional regulation of gene expression that involves mainly siRNA and miRNA.
RNA Interference.pptx
RNA interference (RNAi) or post-transcriptional gene silencing is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that confers resistance to both endogenous parasites and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids and upregulates of protein-coding genes. RNAi has been developed as a tool for manipulating gene expression and probing gene function on a whole-genome scale.
RNAi interuption mechanism and application
Introduction to RNA interfernce,mechanism of gene slicing and its application
RNA Interference
INTERFERENCE means the act of interfering with something, here, with RNA. RNAi is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism triggered by dsRNA molecules, to prevent the expression of specific genes or the translation, causes sequence-specific degradation of the targeted mRNA molecules of that particular gene. It was also known as CO-SUPPRESSION, POST TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING [PTGS] in plants and QUELLING in fungi.
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism that inhibits gene expression at the stage of translation or by hindering the transcription of specific genes.
RNAi targets include RNA from viruses and transposons.
Gene silencing
Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can occur during either transcription or translation and is often used in research.
RNA interference in Crop Improvement
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes. This natural mechanism for sequence-specific gene silencing promises to revolutionize experimental biology and may have important practical applications in functional genomics, therapeutic intervention, agriculture and other areas.
Explain the process of RNAi and how it contributes to differential .pdf
Explain the process of RNAi and how it contributes to differential gene expression
Solution
RNA interference is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression of
targeted mRNA. RNAi is mediated by two small RNA: miRNA and siRNA. these small RNA
moleules bind to target mRNA and either increase or decrease their activity by inhibiting
translation.
This process is initiated by dicer enzyme that cleave long RNA strands into small double
stranded siRNAs. so RNA unwound to yield two single stranded RNA molecules, of which one
is called passenger strand and the other is guide RNA. Guide RNA is incorporated into RNA
induced silencing complex (RISC). Guide RNA complementarily bind to mRNA moleule and
then cleaved by argonaute-2, the catalytic component of RISC.
Gene expression is maintained mainly by miRNA. miRNAs repress translation, involved in
regulation of development, timing of morphogenesis, maintenance of stem cells..
Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes and Eukaroytes
Transcription and synthesis of different RNAs
Processing of RNA transcript
Catalytic RNA
RNA splicing and Spliceosome
Transport of RNA through nuclear pore
Translation and polypeptide synthesis
Posttranslational modification
Protein trafficking and degradation
Antibiotics and inhibition of protein synthesis.
Explain how The Capitol Building (in D.C.) is a reflection of Greco-.pdf
Explain how The Capitol Building (in D.C.) is a reflection of Greco-Roman architecture.
Solution
Capitol Building is a fine example of the 19th-century neoclassical architecture, the Capitol
Building’s interior is dominated by Greco- Roman designs, and contains a profusion of frescoes,
murals. It has five floors, of which the first level contains committee rooms and spaces allocated
to various congressional officers. It also Consists of cast-iron dome, topped with Thomas
Crawford\'s colossal statue. The dome is famed for its odd acoustic sounds. The white colour is
also significance of romans..
Exercise 14-3GURLEY CORPORATION Comparative Condensed Balance Sh.pdf
Exercise 14-3
GURLEY CORPORATION
Comparative Condensed Balance Sheets
December 31
2017
2016
2017
2016
Increase
(Decrease)
Percentage
Change from 2016
Assets
Current assets
$ 73,500
$ 78,200
Property, plant & equipment (net)
97,100
88,200
Intangibles
Total assets
Liabilities and stockholders\' Equity
Current liabilities
$ 41,000
$ 48,400
Long-term liabilities
140,000
150,000
Stockholders\' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders\' equity
Amount
Percent
Assets
Current assets
$ 73,500
Property, plant, and equipment (net)
97,100
Intangibles
Total assets
Liabilities and stockholders\' equity
Current liabilities
$ 41,000
Long-term liabilities
140,000
Stockholders\' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders\' equity
Exercise 14-3 The comparative condensed balance sheets of Gurley Corporation are presented
below.
GURLEY CORPORATION
Comparative Condensed Balance Sheets
December 31
2017
2016Assets Current assets$ 73,500$ 78,200 Property, plant, and equipment
(net)97,10088,200 Intangibles27,00042,000 Total assets$ 197,600$ 208,400Liabilities and
stockholders’ equity Current liabilities$ 41,000$ 48,400 Long-term
liabilities140,000150,000 Stockholders’ equity16,60010,000 Total liabilities and
stockholders’ equity$ 197,600$ 208,400
(a)
Prepare a horizontal analysis of the balance sheet data for Gurley Corporation using 2016 as a
base. (Enter negative amounts and percentages using either a negative sign preceding the
number e.g. -45, -45% or parentheses e.g. (45), (45%).Round percentages to 1 decimal place,
e.g. 12.3%.)
GURLEY CORPORATION
Condensed Balance Sheets
For the Year Ended December 31 For the Quarter Ended December
31 December 31
2017
2016
Increase
(Decrease)
Percentage
Change from 2016
Assets
Current assets
$ 73,500
$ 78,200$
%
Property, plant & equipment (net)
97,100
88,200
%
Intangibles27,00042,000
%
Total assets$ 197,600$ 208,400$
%
Liabilities and stockholders\' Equity
Current liabilities
$ 41,000
$ 48,400$
%
Long-term liabilities
140,000
150,000
%
Stockholders\' equity16,60010,000
%
Total liabilities and stockholders\' equity$ 197,600$ 208,400$
%
(b)
Prepare a vertical analysis of the balance sheet data for Gurley Corporation in columnar form
for 2017. (Round percentages to 1 decimal place, e.g. 12.3%.)
GURLEY CORPORATION
Condensed Balance Sheet
For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
Amount
Percent
Assets
Current assets
$ 73,500
%
Property, plant, and equipment (net)
97,100
%
Intangibles27,000
%
Total assets$ 197,600
%
Liabilities and stockholders\' equity
Current liabilities
$ 41,000
%
Long-term liabilities
140,000
%
Stockholders\' equity16,600
%
Total liabilities and stockholders\' equity$ 197,600
%
Solution
GURLEY CORPORATION Condensed Balance Sheets December 31 2017 2016
Increase (Decrease) % change Assets: Current assets 73500 78200 -4700 -6.0% Property,
plant & equipment (net) 97100 88200 8900 10.1% Intangibles 27000 42000 -15000 -35.7%
Total assets 197600 208400 -10800 -5.2% Lia.
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Similar to 5. How do splicing and the RNAi mechanism regulate which mRNA molecu.pdf
RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Riboswitches and RNA interference (RNAi)
Riboswitches are the control buttons of mRNAs. They control the expression of gene by regulating transcription and translation.
Gene silencing by RNA interference is a mechanism of post transcriptional regulation of gene expression that involves mainly siRNA and miRNA.
RNA Interference.pptx
RNA interference (RNAi) or post-transcriptional gene silencing is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that confers resistance to both endogenous parasites and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids and upregulates of protein-coding genes. RNAi has been developed as a tool for manipulating gene expression and probing gene function on a whole-genome scale.
RNAi interuption mechanism and application
Introduction to RNA interfernce,mechanism of gene slicing and its application
RNA Interference
INTERFERENCE means the act of interfering with something, here, with RNA. RNAi is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism triggered by dsRNA molecules, to prevent the expression of specific genes or the translation, causes sequence-specific degradation of the targeted mRNA molecules of that particular gene. It was also known as CO-SUPPRESSION, POST TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING [PTGS] in plants and QUELLING in fungi.
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism that inhibits gene expression at the stage of translation or by hindering the transcription of specific genes.
RNAi targets include RNA from viruses and transposons.
Gene silencing
Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can occur during either transcription or translation and is often used in research.
RNA interference in Crop Improvement
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes. This natural mechanism for sequence-specific gene silencing promises to revolutionize experimental biology and may have important practical applications in functional genomics, therapeutic intervention, agriculture and other areas.
Explain the process of RNAi and how it contributes to differential .pdf
Explain the process of RNAi and how it contributes to differential gene expression
Solution
RNA interference is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression of
targeted mRNA. RNAi is mediated by two small RNA: miRNA and siRNA. these small RNA
moleules bind to target mRNA and either increase or decrease their activity by inhibiting
translation.
This process is initiated by dicer enzyme that cleave long RNA strands into small double
stranded siRNAs. so RNA unwound to yield two single stranded RNA molecules, of which one
is called passenger strand and the other is guide RNA. Guide RNA is incorporated into RNA
induced silencing complex (RISC). Guide RNA complementarily bind to mRNA moleule and
then cleaved by argonaute-2, the catalytic component of RISC.
Gene expression is maintained mainly by miRNA. miRNAs repress translation, involved in
regulation of development, timing of morphogenesis, maintenance of stem cells..
Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes and Eukaroytes
Transcription and synthesis of different RNAs
Processing of RNA transcript
Catalytic RNA
RNA splicing and Spliceosome
Transport of RNA through nuclear pore
Translation and polypeptide synthesis
Posttranslational modification
Protein trafficking and degradation
Antibiotics and inhibition of protein synthesis.
Similar to 5. How do splicing and the RNAi mechanism regulate which mRNA molecu.pdf (20)
Explain the process of RNAi and how it contributes to differential .pdf
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Explain how The Capitol Building (in D.C.) is a reflection of Greco-Roman architecture.
Solution
Capitol Building is a fine example of the 19th-century neoclassical architecture, the Capitol
Building’s interior is dominated by Greco- Roman designs, and contains a profusion of frescoes,
murals. It has five floors, of which the first level contains committee rooms and spaces allocated
to various congressional officers. It also Consists of cast-iron dome, topped with Thomas
Crawford\'s colossal statue. The dome is famed for its odd acoustic sounds. The white colour is
also significance of romans..
Exercise 14-3GURLEY CORPORATION Comparative Condensed Balance Sh.pdf
Exercise 14-3
GURLEY CORPORATION
Comparative Condensed Balance Sheets
December 31
2017
2016
2017
2016
Increase
(Decrease)
Percentage
Change from 2016
Assets
Current assets
$ 73,500
$ 78,200
Property, plant & equipment (net)
97,100
88,200
Intangibles
Total assets
Liabilities and stockholders\' Equity
Current liabilities
$ 41,000
$ 48,400
Long-term liabilities
140,000
150,000
Stockholders\' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders\' equity
Amount
Percent
Assets
Current assets
$ 73,500
Property, plant, and equipment (net)
97,100
Intangibles
Total assets
Liabilities and stockholders\' equity
Current liabilities
$ 41,000
Long-term liabilities
140,000
Stockholders\' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders\' equity
Exercise 14-3 The comparative condensed balance sheets of Gurley Corporation are presented
below.
GURLEY CORPORATION
Comparative Condensed Balance Sheets
December 31
2017
2016Assets Current assets$ 73,500$ 78,200 Property, plant, and equipment
(net)97,10088,200 Intangibles27,00042,000 Total assets$ 197,600$ 208,400Liabilities and
stockholders’ equity Current liabilities$ 41,000$ 48,400 Long-term
liabilities140,000150,000 Stockholders’ equity16,60010,000 Total liabilities and
stockholders’ equity$ 197,600$ 208,400
(a)
Prepare a horizontal analysis of the balance sheet data for Gurley Corporation using 2016 as a
base. (Enter negative amounts and percentages using either a negative sign preceding the
number e.g. -45, -45% or parentheses e.g. (45), (45%).Round percentages to 1 decimal place,
e.g. 12.3%.)
GURLEY CORPORATION
Condensed Balance Sheets
For the Year Ended December 31 For the Quarter Ended December
31 December 31
2017
2016
Increase
(Decrease)
Percentage
Change from 2016
Assets
Current assets
$ 73,500
$ 78,200$
%
Property, plant & equipment (net)
97,100
88,200
%
Intangibles27,00042,000
%
Total assets$ 197,600$ 208,400$
%
Liabilities and stockholders\' Equity
Current liabilities
$ 41,000
$ 48,400$
%
Long-term liabilities
140,000
150,000
%
Stockholders\' equity16,60010,000
%
Total liabilities and stockholders\' equity$ 197,600$ 208,400$
%
(b)
Prepare a vertical analysis of the balance sheet data for Gurley Corporation in columnar form
for 2017. (Round percentages to 1 decimal place, e.g. 12.3%.)
GURLEY CORPORATION
Condensed Balance Sheet
For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
Amount
Percent
Assets
Current assets
$ 73,500
%
Property, plant, and equipment (net)
97,100
%
Intangibles27,000
%
Total assets$ 197,600
%
Liabilities and stockholders\' equity
Current liabilities
$ 41,000
%
Long-term liabilities
140,000
%
Stockholders\' equity16,600
%
Total liabilities and stockholders\' equity$ 197,600
%
Solution
GURLEY CORPORATION Condensed Balance Sheets December 31 2017 2016
Increase (Decrease) % change Assets: Current assets 73500 78200 -4700 -6.0% Property,
plant & equipment (net) 97100 88200 8900 10.1% Intangibles 27000 42000 -15000 -35.7%
Total assets 197600 208400 -10800 -5.2% Lia.
estion 5 of 34 Sapling Learning Which is the correct name of the fo.pdf
estion 5 of 34 Sapling Learning Which is the correct name of the following molecule? O 3,6-
diethyl-5-isobutyl-8-rnethylinonane O 4.7-diethyl-5-isobutyl 2 methyinonane 3,6-diethyl-5-
isopropyl-8-methylinonane 2.3-dimethyl-5-butyl-8-methylnonane
Solution
Basic IUPAC rules for alkanes
Step 1 The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is the parent chain. If there is no longest
chain because two or more chains are the same longest length, then the parent chain is defined as
the one with the most branches. (The idea here is to keep the name simpler. More branches
numbered from the parent chain means fewer parentheses needed later.)
Carbon atoms connected to the parent chain but not part of it are parts of branches. To avoid
ambiguity, branches are numbered based on the carbon number of the parent chain at the point of
attachment to the parent chain.
Step 2 The general idea in naming organic compounds is to always aim for the smallest numbers
possible. Whenever two or more possibilities exist, which is usually the case, because there are
two ends you can start numbering from on all acyclic chains, \"smallest numbers\" means
smallest at the first difference.
Step 3 Once all the numbers for the branches are determined, the branches are named using -yl,
and ordered alphabetically. If branches themselves are branched, then the complete name of the
branch (with numbers) must be determined at this time. It is the complete name of the branch
which is alphabetized.
Step 4 Finally, when more than one of the same branch is present, the prefixes di, tri, tetra, etc.
for simple branches and bis, tris, tetrakis, etc. for branches containing numbers, are added just
after the numbers locating the branch on the parent chain. The name is constructed by separating
numbers with commas and adding hyphens before and after sets of numbers so that they don\'t
run into words. Branches with numbers are set off with parentheses so that it is clear that the
numbers only refer to that branch. Other than that, there is no punctuation and there are no
spaces in the names.
Hence option (b) is correct
4,7 di methyl 5 isobutyl 2 methyl nonane.
Discuss the difference between the two levels of moral development. .pdf
Discuss the difference between the two levels of moral development. Provide an example to
illustrate the points you are making
Solution
Piaget\'s Theory of Moral Development
Piaget (1932) was principally interested not in what children do (i.e. in whether they break rules
or not) but in what they think. In other words he was interested in children’s moral reasoning.
Piaget was interested in three main aspects of children’s understanding of moral issues. They
were
Where do rules come from?
Can rules be changed?
Who makes rules?
Who is to blame for “bad\" things?
Is it the outcome of behaviour that makes an action “bad\"?
Is there a difference between accidental and deliberate wrongdoing
Children’s understanding of rules. This leads to questions like
Children’s understanding of moral responsibility. This leads to questions likeShould the
punishment fit the crime?Are the guilty always punished
Children’s understanding of justice. This leads to questions like
Piaget found that children’s ideas regarding rules, moral judgements and punishment tended to
change as they got older. In other words just as there were stages to children’s cognitive
development so also there were universal stages to their moral development. Piaget (1932)
suggested two main types of moral thinking:
Heteronomous morality (moral realism)
Autonomous morality (moral relativism)
Heteronomous Morality (5-9yrs)
The stage of heteronomous morality is also known asmoral realism– morality imposed from the
outside. Children regard morality as obeying other people\'s rules and laws, which cannot be
changed. They accept that all rules are made by some authority figure (e.g. parents, teacher,
God), and that breaking the rules will lead to immediate and severe punishment (immanent
justice). The function of any punishment is to make the guilty suffer in that the severity of the
punishment should be related to severity of wrong-doing (expiatory punishment).
During this stage children consider rules as being absolute and unchanging, i.e. \'divine like\'.
They think that rules cannot be changed and have always been the same as they are now.
Behaviour is judged as “bad\" in terms of the observable consequences, regardless on the
intentions or reasons for that behaviour. Therefore, a large amount of accidental damage is
viewed as worse than a small amount of deliberate damage.
Research Findings
Piaget (1932) told the children stories that embodied a moral theme and then asked for their
opinion. Here are two examples:
There was once a little girl who was called Marie. She wanted to give her mother a nice surprise
and cut out a piece of sewing for her. But she didn’t know how to use the scissors properly and
cut a big hole in her dress.
and
A little girl called Margaret went and took her mother’s scissors one day when her mother was
out. She played with them for a bit. Then, as she didn’t know how to use them properly, she
made a little hole in her dress.
The child is then asked, “Who is naughtie.
Diels-Alder Post-lab questions F17. 1) Why do the methylene protons.pdf
Diels-Alder Post-lab questions F17. 1) Why do the methylene protons (Ha & Hb) exhibit
different chemical shifts? Hb Ha Hd 2) Why do Diels-Alder reactinns hninoll
Solution
Methylene protons adjacent to a chiral center will be non equivalent, despite the fact that there is
free rotation about the cabon-carbon bond. Such protons are described as diastereotopic, since
replacement of either of the two hydrogen in turn by a group X produces a pair of diastereomers..
Create a Balance Sheet to record the following transactions for Tayl.pdf
Create a Balance Sheet to record the following transactions for Taylor Company for the month of
March.
a. Borrowed $4,500 from Local Bank and Trust
b. Investors contributed $10,000 in cash for shares of stock
c. Bought inventory costing $2,000 on credit
d. Sold inventory that originally cost $400 for $600 on credit
e. Purchased a new piece of equipment for $500 cash
f. Collected $600 in cash from sale of inventory in (d) above
g. Paid for inventory purchased in (c) above, which was originally purchased on credit
h. Paid $1,200 in cash for an insurance policy that covers the next year
i. Employees salary was $3,000 during the month of February, but have not yet been paid
j. Paid employees $2,900 for wages earned and recorded during February
Solution
Accounting equation
Assets
Liabilities +
Shareholder\'s equity
Cash +
Accounts Receivables +
Equipment+
Inventory
Prepaid Insurance
Accounts Payable
Loan
Outstanding Salary
Common stock
Retained Earnings
a
$ 4,500.00
$ 4500
New Balance
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ -
$ -
b
$ 10,000.00
$ 10,000.00
New Balance
$ 14,500.00
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ 10,000.00
$ -
c
$ 2,000.00
$ 2,000.00
New Balance
$ 14,500.00
$ -
$ -
$ 2,000.00
$ -
$ 2,000.00
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ 10,000.00
$ -
d
$ 600.00
$ (400.00)
$ 200.00
New Balance
$ 14,500.00
$ 600.00
$ -
$ 1,600.00
$ -
$ 2,000.00
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ 10,000.00
$ 200.00
e
$ (500.00)
$ 500.00
New Balance
$ 14,000.00
$ 600.00
$ 500.00
$ 1,600.00
$ -
$ 2,000.00
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ 10,000.00
$ 200.00
f
$ 600.00
$ (600.00)
New Balance
$ 14,600.00
$ -
$ 500.00
$ 1,600.00
$ -
$ 2,000.00
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ 10,000.00
$ 200.00
g
$ (2,000.00)
$ (2,000.00)
New Balance
$ 12,600.00
$ -
$ 500.00
$ 1,600.00
$ -
$ -
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ 10,000.00
$ 200.00
h
$ (1,200.00)
$ 1,200.00
New Balance
$ 11,400.00
$ -
$ 500.00
$ 1,600.00
$ 1,200.00
$ -
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ 10,000.00
$ 200.00
i
$ 3,000.00
$ (3,000.00)
New Balance
$ 11,400.00
$ -
$ 500.00
$ 1,600.00
$ 1,200.00
$ -
$ 4,500.00
$ 3,000.00
$ 10,000.00
$ (2,800.00)
j
$ (2,900.00)
$ (2,900.00)
New Balance
$ 8,500.00
$ -
$ 500.00
$ 1,600.00
$ 1,200.00
$ -
$ 4,500.00
$ 100.00
$ 10,000.00
$ (2,800.00)
Taylor Company
Balance sheet
March
Assets
Cash
$ 8,500.00
Prepaid Insurance
$ 1,200.00
Inventory
$ 1,600.00
Equipment
$ 500.00
Total Assets
$ 11,800.00
Liabilities and shareholder\'s equity
Loan from bank
$ 4,500.00
Wages payable
$ 100.00
Common Stock
$ 10,000.00
Retained earnings
$ (2,800.00)
Total Liabilities and shareholder\'s equity
$ 11,800.00
Accounting equation
Assets
Liabilities +
Shareholder\'s equity
Cash +
Accounts Receivables +
Equipment+
Inventory
Prepaid Insurance
Accounts Payable
Loan
Outstanding Salary
Common stock
Retained Earnings
a
$ 4,500.00
$ 4500
New Balance
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ -
$ -
b
$ 10,000.00
$ 10,000.00
New Balance
$ 14,500.00
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$ 10,000.00
$ -
c
$ 2,000.00
$ 2,000.00
New Balance
$ 14,500.00
$ -
$ -
$ 2,000.00
$ -
$ 2,000.00
$ 4,500.00
$ -
$.
Compare Plato and Aristotles philosophies of mathematics and relat.pdf
Compare Plato and Aristotle\'s philosophies of mathematics and relate their views to their
understanding of form. Locate a weakness of each view.
Solution
Plato and Aristotle are both great philosophers in their own regard. Both agree that the world has
a purpose, and that it’s not just an accident. Even though Aristotle was a student of Plato, each
philosopher develops his own view on things and a specific way of solving a particular problem.
For example, Plato and Aristotle have quite different views regarding life.
Plato thinks that we are able to obtain the same kind of certainty in rules of behavior as with
mathematics. According to him the ultimate vision of the Form of the Good will provide a single
standard for deciding practical questions. Unfortunately only the few individuals who can make
the hard journey through the Cave will be able to give a solution for all questions of value.
Aristotle does not have the same view – according to him, we should not ask for more certainty
than the subject matter allows. A normal person is able to make good decisions and to live a
good life; one need not be an expert in ethical knowledge to practice it.
Although the two philosophers are quite similar in the problems they deal with, they go about
doing it in a very separate and distinguished manner. Most of Plato’s philosophy is centered on
the Forms, which is his solution for pretty much everything. Aristotle, on the other hand, does
not have one unifying solution. He prefers to tackle each problem separately, work it out as best
as he can, and give an answer. And yet both of them deserve utmost credit for at least one thing:
making people think. That is very important, especially in today’s society where people prefer to
reason things out with guns and fighting instead of thinking of a solution.
Choose one of the evolutions of Critical Incident Technique (CIT) an.pdf
Choose one of the evolutions of Critical Incident Technique (CIT) and discuss how it may have
made the application of CIT to specific leadership consultations more useful.
Solution
The Critical Incident Technique (or CIT) is a set of procedures used for collecting direct
observations of human behavior that have critical significance and meet scientifically defined
criteria. These observations are then kept track of as incidents, which are then used to solve
practical problems and develop broad emotional principles. A critical incident can be described
as one that makes a contribution either positively or negatively to an activity. Critical incidents
can be gather in various ways, however characteristically respondents are asked to tell a story
about an information they have had.
It\'s a flexible procedure that usually relies on five key areas. The first is determining and
reviewing the incident, then fact-finding, which involves collecting the details of the incident
from the participants. When all of the facts are collected, the next step is to recognize the issues.
Afterwards a conclusion can be made on how to resolve the issues based on various achievable
solutions. The final and most important feature is the evaluation, which will conclude if the
solution that was selected will solve the root cause of the situation and will cause no further
problems..
Change the creature in this java program to a different one .pdf
Change the creature in this java program to a different one:
// Creature.java Author: Lewis/Loftus
//
//
Solution
to Programming Project 9.12
//********************************************************************
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Random;
public class Creature
{
private int creatureX, creatureY, clickCount, catchCount;
private ImageIcon creature;
private Random gen;
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Creates the creature.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public Creature(int initialX, int initialY)
{
creature = new ImageIcon(\"happyFace.gif\");
creatureX = initialX;
creatureY = initialY;
clickCount = catchCount = 0;
gen = new Random();
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Moves the creature to a random location within the play area.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public void move(Dimension area)
{
creatureX = gen.nextInt(area.width - creature.getIconWidth());
creatureY = gen.nextInt(area.height - creature.getIconHeight());
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns true if point (x , y) is in the creature and increments
// the catch count, else returns false.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public boolean pointInMe(int x, int y)
{
clickCount++;
if (x >= creatureX && x <= creatureX + creature.getIconWidth())
{
if (y >= creatureY && y <= creatureY + creature.getIconHeight())
{
catchCount++;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
else
return false;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns the number of catches.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public int getCatchCount()
{
return catchCount;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Returns the number of misses.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public int getMissCount()
{
return clickCount - catchCount;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Draws the creature on the specified component.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public void draw(Component panel, Graphics page)
{
creature.paintIcon(panel, page, creatureX, creatureY);
}
}
TheCreaturePanel.java Author: Lewis/Loftus
//
//.
Canon Corporation had the following static budget at the beginning o.pdf
Canon Corporation had the following static budget at the beginning of the company\'s accounting
period:
If actual production totals 9,900 units, the flexible budget would show total costs of:
A. $4,950.
B. $9,700.
C. $4,850.
D. None of these is correct.Revenue (9,500 units)$19,000Variable costs4,750Contribution
margin$14,250Fixed costs4,750Net income$9,500
Solution
Aanswer is B. $ 9700 Explanation: Total Cost for 9900 units under Flexible Budget:
variable cost (4750/9500 *9900) 4950 Fixed cost 4750 Total cost for 9900 units 9700.
Can someone please prove this equation is an identity. Cos^2.pdf
Can someone please prove this equation is an identity.
Cos^2 X - sin^2 X = 2cos^2 x - 1
Can someone give me some tips for proving indentity, aside knowing the basic identities,pytho
indetites
For example when to factor, . And when to multitiply an identity 1-cost/1-cost to prove an
identity.
And also when will I know if I have to simplify the other side to prove an identity
Thank you
Can someone please prove this equation is an identity.
Cos^2 X - sin^2 X = 2cos^2 x - 1
Can someone give me some tips for proving indentity, aside knowing the basic identities,pytho
indetites
For example when to factor, . And when to multitiply an identity 1-cost/1-cost to prove an
identity.
And also when will I know if I have to simplify the other side to prove an identity
Thank you
Cos^2 X - sin^2 X = 2cos^2 x - 1
Can someone give me some tips for proving indentity, aside knowing the basic identities,pytho
indetites
For example when to factor, . And when to multitiply an identity 1-cost/1-cost to prove an
identity.
And also when will I know if I have to simplify the other side to prove an identity
Thank you
Solution
cos2x - sin2x= 2 cos2x-1
RHS:
2 cos2x-1
[ from sin2x + cos2x=1]
=2 cos2x- ( sin2x + cos2x)
= 2 cos2x- sin2x - cos2x
= cos2x - sin2x
= LHS
hence proved.
Write a program that finds the max binary tree height. (This is an ex.pdf
Write a program that finds the max binary tree height. (This is an extremely short piece of
code!)
Solution
#include
#include
#include
typedef struct node
{
int info;
struct node *left;
struct node *right;
}node;
node *newNode(int data)
{
node *ptr=(node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
ptr->info=data;
ptr->left=NULL;
ptr->right=NULL;
return ptr;
}
int height(node *root)
{
if(root==NULL)
return 0;
int l=height(root->left);
int m=height(root->right);
if(l>m)
return l+1;
else
return m+1;
}
int main()
{
struct node *root1 = newNode(1);
root1->left = newNode(2);
root1->right = newNode(3);
root1->left->left = newNode(4);
root1->left->right = newNode(5);
int m=height(root1);
printf(\"Height of the tree is :- %d\",m);
getch();
return 0;
}.
What happens when the JVM encounters a wait () callSolution=.pdf
What happens when the JVM encounters a wait () call?
Solution
=>when jvm encounters wait method then it causes the current thread to wait until any other
threads calls notify method
=>so the present/current thread must own this monitoring of objects.so the thread will leave the
ownership(it means
jvm will take the current threads owner ship and give to otherthread ) and when the another
process is completed (or)
wait until another thread wakehim up using notify method,then the jvm will give ownership to
the current thread.
Write a program in c++ that maintains a telephone directory. The Tel.pdf
Write a program in c++ that maintains a telephone directory. The Telephone directory keeps
records of people’s names and the corresponding phone numbers.
The program should read a transaction file and report the result into an output file. The
transaction file can include commands such as “Add”, “Delete”, “Display”, and “Update”, and
“Search”. Each command is written in one line with a few other information.
The “Display” Command should simply display everyone in the directory on the screen
The “Add” command comes with 3 other information that includes “First Name”, “Last Name”,
and “Phone Number”. You should only add this command if the phone number is unique and it is
not assigned to any other person. Otherwise an error statement should be generated to indicate
that “Duplicate phone number is not allowed”. If the addition of the record is successful, you
need to report that in the output file as follows:
“First Name”, “Last Name”, “Phone Number” has been successfully added to the directory
If the addition fails, you should report that
“**** ERROR IN ADD **** “Phone Number” already exist in the directory
The “Delete” command comes with the “Phone Number” indicating that this record should be
deleted from the directory. You should only delete the record if you can find the phone number.
If you could remove the record from the directory, you should report:
“First Name”, “Last Name”, “Phone Number” has been successfully deleted from the directory
If the delete fails, you should report that
“**** ERROR IN DELETE **** “Phone Number” does exist in the directory
The “Update” command come with two values, “Phone Number” and “New Phone Number”.
You program should first search for “Phone Number” and find out if such a phone number exist
in the directory. If it does not find it, it should report:
“**** ERROR IN UPDATE **** The Phone Number does not exist in the directory
However, if it finds the phone number, there are two cases. If the “New Phone Number” already
exists in the directory, it should report
“**** ERROR IN UPDATE **** The New Phone Number “New Phone Number” already exist
in the directory.
If the “New Phone Number” does not exist in the directory, your program should replace the
“Old Phone Number” with the “New Phone Number” and report
The Phone Number “Old Phone Number” is successfully updated to “New Phone Number”
There are two types of “Search” commands. One is done based on the last name and another is
done based on the phone number. If it is done based on the last name, the search command can
be as follows:
Search BasedOnLastName “LastName”
In this case the search is done based on the last name. Your program should search for all records
with that last name and report them on the screen. If the search fails your report should have the
following format
“**** ERROR IN SEARCH **** No Record with the last name “Last Name” could be found”
If the search is done based on the phone number, the command should be
Search BasedOnPhoneNumber “Phone.
Using the C++ programming language1. Implement the UnsortedList cl.pdf
Using the C++ programming language
1. Implement the UnsortedList class to store a list of numbers that are input into the list from
data.txt.
- create a main.cpp file that gets the numbers from the file
- insert the number 7 into the list
- insert another number 300 into the list
- delete the number 6 from the list
- print out the following:
--the entire list
- the greatest
- the least
2. Attach the main.cpp, UnsortedList.cpp, the ItemType.h, and the output file two called
outfile2.txt
Use the files below:
// listDriver.cpp
// Test driver
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include \"unsorted.h\"
using namespace std;
void PrintList(ofstream& outFile, UnsortedType& list);
int main()
{
ifstream inFile; // file containing operations
ofstream outFile; // file containing output
string inFileName; // input file external name
string outFileName; // output file external name
string outputLabel;
string command; // operation to be executed
int number;
ItemType item;
UnsortedType list;
bool found;
int numCommands;
// Prompt for file names, read file names, and prepare files
cout << \"Enter name of input command file; press return.\" << endl;
cin >> inFileName;
inFile.open(inFileName.c_str());
cout << \"Enter name of output file; press return.\" << endl;
cin >> outFileName;
outFile.open(outFileName.c_str());
cout << \"Enter name of test run; press return.\" << endl;
cin >> outputLabel;
outFile << outputLabel << endl;
if (!inFile)
{
cout << \"file not found\" << endl;
exit(2)
}
inFile >> command;
numCommands = 0;
while (command != \"Quit\")
{
if (command == \"PutItem\")
{
inFile >> number;
item.Initialize(number);
list.PutItem(item);
item.Print(outFile);
outFile << \" is in list\" << endl;
}
else if (command == \"DeleteItem\")
{
inFile >> number;
item.Initialize(number);
list.DeleteItem(item);
item.Print(outFile);
outFile << \" is deleted\" << endl;
}
else if (command == \"GetItem\")
{
inFile >> number;
item.Initialize(number);
item = list.GetItem(item, found);
item.Print(outFile);
if (found)
outFile << \" found in list.\" << endl;
else outFile << \" not in list.\" << endl;
}
else if (command == \"GetLength\")
outFile << \"Length is \" << list.GetLength() << endl;
else if (command == \"IsFull\")
if (list.IsFull())
outFile << \"List is full.\" << endl;
else outFile << \"List is not full.\" << endl;
else if (command == \"MakeEmpty\")
list.MakeEmpty();
else if (command == \"PrintList\")
PrintList(outFile, list);
else
cout << command << \" is not a valid command.\" << endl;
numCommands++;
cout << \" Command number \" << numCommands << \" completed.\"
<< endl;
inFile >> command;
};
cout << \"Testing completed.\" << endl;
inFile.close();
outFile.close();
return 0;
}
void PrintList(ofstream& dataFile, UnsortedType& list)
// Pre: list has been initialized.
// dataFile is open for writing.
// Post: Each component in list has been written to dataFile.
// dataFile is still open.
{
int length;
ItemType item;
list.ResetList();
length = list.GetLength();
for .
Why are supplies and inventory not considered plant assetsSolut.pdf
Why are supplies and inventory not considered plant assets?
Solution
Plant assets is that assets which is used more than one year and used in producing operating
revenues. But supplies and inventory is not assets which is used for producing revenue. but it is
as current assets because generally it used in less than one year.
What is the major purpose of the Federal Reserve System What is the.pdf
What is the major purpose of the Federal Reserve System? What is the responsibility of the
Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee? Should the Fed be independent as
it is now or should it be a federal gency subject ot the direction by Congress or the President?
Why or why not?
Solution
The most critical and visible function of Federal Reserve is to carry out monetary policy. It is
solely done to deal with inflation as well as preserve stable prices. To obtain the above
mentioned things the Fed sets a 2.0 percent inflation target for the core inflation rate. Maximum
employment is also pursued by it. The main aim is the natural rate of unemployment of 4.7-5.8
percent. The Fed also moderates long-term interest rates by the way of open market operations
along with the fed funds rate. The objective of monetary policy is healthy economic growth.
Next, the Fed supervises and regulates several of the nation’s banks to guard consumers. It also
maintains the permanence of the financial markets while constrains potential crises. It provides
banking services to other banks, the U.S. government along with foreign banks. It is America\'s
central bank which makes it the most authoritative solitary actor in the U.S. economy along with
the world.
The Federal Reserve System has three components, the Board of Governors directs monetary
policy while its seven members are in charge for setting the discount rate as well as the reserve
requirement for member banks. Staff economists make available all analyses.
The Federal Open Market Committee oversees open market operations which includes setting
the target for the fed funds rate, thus guides interest rates. The board members along with four of
the twelve bank presidents are members meet eight times a year.
The Federal Reserve Banks administer commercial banks in addition execute policy. They
supervise commercial banks along with the board .
It Manages Inflation by administration of credit which is the largest constituent of the money
supply. The Federal Reserve sets for the nation\'s banks the reserve requirement. It oversees
approximately 5,000 bank holding companies, 850 state bank members of the Federal Reserve
Banking System plus any foreign banks operating in the United States.
The Federal Reserve worked intimately with the Treasury Department to thwart global financial
collapse throughout the financial crisis of 2008. The Fed buys U.S. Treasurys from the federal
government, which we call monetizing the debt. That\'s for the reason that the Fed creates the
money it uses to buy the Treasurys, while adding that much money to the money supply.
The FOMC holds eight frequently planned meetings per year. Economic and financial conditions
are revived. The appropriate position of monetary policy is also determined by it, along with the
assessment of the risks to its long-run goals of price stability and sustainable economic growth.
The Federal Open Market Committee is comprised of twelve members--th.
What is the role of culture in leader development What culture fact.pdf
What is the role of culture in leader development? What culture factors must be taken into
account when implementing a program?
Solution
Answer:-
The role of culture in leader development:-
The major role played by culture in leader development is that culture sets the direction and
therefore the overall success in any organization. Culture outlays the beliefs,assumptions as well
as the procedures that lead to leader development.The culture must also align with the team goals
and ambitions.
Culture factors must be taken into account when implementing a program are:-
Diversity effects:-In a case where the program is being implement by a team that are of different
ethnicity and racial backgrounds,it is important to evaluate the diversity effects.
The social:-Economic setting of the environment in which the program is being implemented.
The top leadership principles and their alignment with the culture.
The nature of the business implementing the program..
What methods can IT use to make sure its initiatives have the suppor.pdf
What methods can IT use to make sure its initiatives have the support of business leadership?
Solution
IT initiatives often require a lot of investments in terms of money, time and effort. Such huge
demand for resources puts constraints on the organisation and a strong leadership support is
necessary for a successful project. But not every time can we expect leaders offer the support an
IT initiative requires. The following actions are helpful in such cases
1. Understand and listen to leaders
2. Create a vision
Identify where the organization would be if IT initiatives are in place and share them. Show the
management, the outcome of the initiatives.
3. Speak the language of management
4. Create a sense of urgency
May a time organizational leaders get trapped in a state of complacency. It is necessary to show
them the need for immediate action and progress. Show them the external and internal factors
affecting the organization and how other organizations are responding to these changing
dynamics and trends. Show them how other organizations and industries are faring well and
create a sense of urgency.
Show them the costs of not taking such initiatives- the cost in terms of time, money and customer
satisfaction
5. Involve them in the process
6. Update them regularly with key performance indicators (sales, profit margin, customer
satisfaction score etc).
What is IT infrastructure, and what are the stages and drivers of IT.pdf
What is IT infrastructure, and what are the stages and drivers of IT infrastructure evolution?
Define IT infrastructure from both a technology and a services perspective. I need an answer to
these questions that is different from the one on site from an expert.
Solution
IT infrastructure: Consists of set of physical devices with softwares required for the operation of
the entire enterprise. IT infrastructure provides a foundation for the following
1)Serving customers
2) Working with vendors
3)Managing business processes
IT infrastructure components
Usual services provided by IT Infrastrucure : Security services, Data center migration, Remote
infrastructure management, Cloud services, Virtualization services ,Network services etc.
Stages and drivers of IT infrastructure evolution
1)Generalpurpose mainframe & minicomputer era:1959 to present
In 1958 IBM first mainframes were introduced
In 1965 DEC minicomputers were introduced
2)Personal computer era: 1981 to present
In 1981 IBM PC were introduced
Heavy usage of standalone desktop computers with office productivity softwares.
3)Client/server era :1983 to present
Consists of desktop or laptop clients networked to more powerful servers like network or
application or Web. The network between clients and servers may be two tiered or N-tiered
Two tiered network: Here direct communication takes place between client and server and no
intermediate between client and server.The advantage is understanding and easy maintenance.
N-tiered network : The whole work of the entire network is distributed over several different
levels of servers to reduce the overall cost.
4)Enterprise Internet era: 1992-present
The TCP/IP suite enables firms to link devices and local area networks to form a single
enterprise-wide network.
5)Cloud Computing: 2000 to present
This is a fast growing computing and here firms and individuals obtain computing softwares
over the Internet or through other networks.
IT Infrastructure in terms of technology perspective : In technology perspective IT infrastructure
is defined as the shared technology resources for the organisation’s specific information system
applications. This includes a set of physical devices and softwares that are required for operation
of the entire enterprise.
Service perspective of an IT Infrastructure:In Service perspective IT infrastructure is defined as
platform that provides the platform for serving customers, working with vendors, and managing
internal firm business processes.In service perspective IT infrastructure focuses on the services
provided by hardware and software..
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