This document discusses how various factors can cause fluctuations in tourism. It provides examples of different types of events that impacted tourism in Singapore and other locations: - Disasters like the 2004 tsunami in Singapore and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan - Diseases such as the 2003 SARS outbreak in Singapore and Hong Kong - Political unrest like the 2008 riots in Singapore's Little India neighborhood and the 2006-2008 political crisis in Thailand - Economic recessions, as seen by the downturn in tourism during the 2008-2009 global financial crisis International tourist numbers are shown to fluctuate year-to-year based on these demand and destination factors, rather than increasing constantly. Events like crises, diseases