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1. * GB786059 (A)
Description: GB786059 (A) ? 1957-11-13
N-substituted sultams and a process of production
Description of GB786059 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
___ Date of Applic No 11 m 121154.
Application mc Complete Spec 786,059 ation and filing Complete
Specification: April 15, 1954.
rde in Germany on May 28, 1953.
ification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), C 1 84, C 2 (B 34: D 6: 1 D 7: D
48), C 3 (A 16: C 6).
International Classification:-CO 7 d.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
N-Substituted' Sultams and a Process 'a iduction We, Ru EHRCHEMIE
AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, Oberhausen-Holten, Germany, a German Company, do
hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to novel organic compounds of the general
formula:
R -X-R SO R' in which R is an aliphatic, straight or branched chain
saturated hydrocarbon bridge containing 3 or 4 carbon atoms, and (i) R
1-X denotes CH, or (ii) X denotes -CH,-, Q O O 11 -S or -Cand R 1 is a
hydrocarbon radical or a substituted hydrocarbon radical.
Thus the group R 1 X may, in addition to being a metyl y p, be a
2. benzyl group, an acetyl group, a p-nitrobenzoyl group, a
ptoluene-sulphonyl group, a 4-aminobenzenesulphonyl group, or a
4-aminobenzenesulphonyl group substituted at the nitrogen atom by an
acyl group, for example, an acetyl group.
The invention also provides a process for the production of the
N-substituted sultams defined above The N-substituted sultams may
readily be prepared if a sultam of the formula HN SO 2 R in which R is
an aliphatic straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon bridge
containing 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or an N-alkali metal salt thereof, for
example, N-sodium butane sultam, is reacted with a halide of the
formula R 1-X-Hlg in which Hlg is the halogen atom, such as an alkyl
halide, aralkyl halide, open chain aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic or
aromatic carboxylic acid halide or sulphonic acid halide.
The reaction proceeds according to the following general equation:
R'-X-Hlg + 1-N O 2- R -X-N 82 + W Hlg RI R In this equation, R', X, R
and Hlg have the same meanings as hereinbefore given while M is an
alkali metal or hydrogen.
The sultams required as the starting material may be produced from
aliphatic amines by first converting the amines with hydrogen chloride
into amine hydrochlorides The amine hydrochlorides, preferably while
being irradiated with actinic light, are treated with sulphur dioxide
and chlorine-containing gas mixtures This results in the formation of
(Price amino-sulphochloride hydrochlorides while hydrogen chloride is
eliminated The amino 55 sulphochloride hydrochlorides can be converted
into sultams by means of a caustic base.
Other methods for the production of sultams include the thermal
cyclisation of chlorinated aliphatic sulphonamides (see Helberger, 60
" Liebig's Annalen," Vol 562, -page 33 ( 1949)) and the treatment of
omega-oxyalkane-sulphonamides with ammonia.
The following are examples of the sultams which may be used as
reactants:
gamma-propane sultam (I), alpha-methylgamma-jpropape sultam (II), be-
a-methylgamma-propane sultan (III), and deltabutane sultam (IV).
CH 2 CH 2 CE 2 NH so 2 (ly) CH CH -CH 2 1 1 CH 2 NH so 2 (III) C Hi CH
2 12 1 Can 3 C XH so 2 (II) (IV) Since the sulphamide group in the
sultams does not exhibit a basic character, the reactivity with
organic halogen compounds is reduced to such an extent that a direct
conversion for the production of the N-substituted sultnams of the
invention will generally not be completely successful The conversion,
however, proceeds much more readily if the reaction is effected with
the N-alkali metal compounds of the sultams or in the presence of a
strong alkali, different operating methods being possible depending on
the reactivity of the organic halogen compounds.
It is most advantageous to have the alkali metal salt of the sultams
3. available as the starting material Alkali metal sultams can be
produced in the following manner by allowing alkali metal, alkali
metal alkoxides or alkali metal hydroxides to act upon sultam
solutions:
a) By the action of an equimolecular quantity of alkali metal on a
solution of the sultams in an inert solvent, as, for example, in
benzene or ether.
b) By the action of an equimolecular quantity of an alcoholic solution
of an alkali metal alkoxide on an alcoholic solution of the sultams.
c) By the action of an equimolecular quantity of alkali metal
hydroxide on an alcoholic solution of the sultams.
The preparation mentioned under a) above is preferably effected at
temperatures in the range 30 -80 C while stirring The suspensions
thereby obtained of the N-alkali metal sultam in the organic solvent
may be used as such in the process of the invention The alkali metal
sultams are obtained in the solid form by evaporating the solvent or
by removing the solvent by suction-filtration 45 The formation of the
alkali metal sultams by the methods mentioned under b) and c) above is
effected by simply admixing the reactants together at room temperature
The alkali metal sultain is obtained in the solid 50 form by
evaporating the alcoholic solution to dryness.
Sodium or potassium in the metallic form or as alkoxide or hydroxide
is preferably used for the preparation of alkali metal sultams 55 The
alkali metal sultams are colourless solid salts which are readily
soluble in water and alcohols, but insoluble in most other organic
solvents.
The conversion of the alkali metal sultams 60 with organic halogen
compounds to yield the N-substituted sultams of the invention may be
effected with or without the use of a diluent.
When a diluent is used, the alkali metal sultam mqy be suspended or
dissolved in water or an 65 organic solvent, for example in benzene,
toluene, dioxan or ether, and while being stirred and, if required,
heated, is mixed with an equimolecular amount of the halogen compound
The quantity of the diluent may vary 70 within wide limits, but is
suitably chosen such that the N-substituted sultams formed are
dissolved by the diluent and only the alkali metal halide remains
undissolved It is generally sufficient to use the diluent in amount of
from 75 five to ten times that of the alkali metal sultam.
The temperature at which the reaction is effected is dependent on the
reactivity of the organic halogen compound With carboxylic 80 acid
halides, the reaction will even proceed at room temperature With
aromatic sulphochlorides, heating at 50 -80 ' C for several hours is
generally required for the conversion.
Alkyl halides, preferably used as iodides, re 85 quire more severe
4. conditions for complete conversion with the alkali metal sultams
Heating in a pressure tube for 10-24 hours at -150 C constitutes an
advantageous method for use with the alkyl halides 90 The completion
of the reaction is shown when the alkali metal saltam, which has a
strong basic reaction, is consumed and the reaction mixture does not
give an alkaline reaction upon the addition of water 95 The isolation
of the N-substituted sultams formed is effected by evaporating the
filtered reaction solution Upon recrystallisation of the residue from
aqueous alcohol, the N-substituted sultams are obtained in a
substantially 100 pure, crystalline form.
The reaction of the alkali metal sultam with the organic halogen
compound in the absence of a diluent is particularly preferred when an
alkyl halide is used In this case, the alkali, 105 metal sultam is
heated for several hours at -150 C with excess alkyl halide The
786,059 action to litmus paper The solution was then allowed to stand
for two, hours at room temperature, and afterwards it was acidified
with a little concentrated hydrochloric acid and exhaustively
extracted with ether in an extracting apparatus The ether extract was
completely freed from ether and moisture under vacuum on a water bath
The residue consisted of 30 grams of a colourless oil from which
tetragonal crystals gradually separated After 3 to days, the
precipitated crystals were separated They amounted to about 5 grains
and consisted of pure delta-butane sultam (IV) having the following
formula:
reaction with an aromatic sulphochloride in the absence of a diluent
occurs very much more readily; the reaction can be carried out in a
few minutes by simply fusing the sulphochloride together with an
equimolecular quantity of the alkali metal sultam at 50 1500 C.
The reaction of the initial sultam, as such, with the halogen compound
may be effected in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide or an
alkali metal carbonate with the sultam dissolved in water or in an
organic solvent.
N-acylated sultams may be prepared without the previous separate
formation of the alkali metal salts of the initial sultams by
dissolving the sultana in an aqueous alkaline medium, preferably in
sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution, and adding
an approximately equimolecular amount of an acid chloride The mixture
is stirred until the reaction mixture has a neutral reaction.
In cases where the acid halide hydrolyses easily, the reaction is
preferably carried out at low temperatures.
The organic halogen compound used for the reaction may be an
aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid halide and
sulphonic acid halide or any substituted compound thereof When alkyl
and aralkyl halides are used, it is advisable to employ only the more
5. active members such for example, as methyl iodide, ethyl iodide and
benzyl chloride.
The N-substituted sultams may be used for pharmaceutical purposes and
as starting materials for organic syntheses.
PREPARATION 1.
Production of delta-butane sultam and alphamethyl gamma-propane
sultan.
HCI gas was introduced into a solution of grams n-butylamine and 300
cc carbon tetrachloride until the solution had an acid reaction to
litmus and the butylamine had been converted into n-butylamine
hydrochloride.
The n-butylamine hydrochloride was sulphochlorinated at 300-400 C by
treating the mixture with sulphur dioxide and chlorine in a ratio by
volume of 13:1 while irradiating with a mercury vapour lamp and while
vigorously stirring the reaction mixture After 6 hours, the
sulpho-chlorination was terminated A crystalline reaction product was
obtained which in addition to unchanged n-butylamine hydrochloride
contained large amounts of aminobutane-sulphochloride hydrochloride
and very small amounts of chlorinated butylamine hydrochloride The
crystalline product was separated from the carbon tetrachloride by
suction-filtration and was washed with 50 cc.
chloroform.
The sulpho-chlorination mixture thus obtained was dissolved in 250 cc
ice water and slowly mixed at O C with sufficient 9-normal caustic
soda solution, while stirring, until the reaction solution had a
permanent alkaline re(It) The liquid portion freed from the
precipitated crystals amounted to 25 grams and consisted of
practically pure alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam (H) having the
following formula: 85 CH CIH 2 Ce 3 -CH N ( 02 (P.) The constitution
of the sultams (II) and (IV) was confirmed by hydrolysis with
concentrated hydrochloric acid, 1-aminoo-butane-sulphonic-( 3) acid
and 1-aminobutane-sulphonic( 4) acid being obtained respectively.
PREPARATION 2.
Production of delta-butane sultam potassium.
13.5 grams of delta-butane sultam were added to 100 cc of a solution
of 5 6 grams of potassium hydroxide in methanol The solution was then
sharply evaporated to dryness at 100 C under vacuum The solid residue
obtained consisted of delta-butane sultanapotassium.
PREPARATION 3.
Production of alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam sodium.
a) A solution of 13 5 grams of alphamethyl-gamma-propane sultam in 100
cc.
absolute benzene was mixed with 2 3 grams of sodium and, while
stirring, heated at 60-70 ' C until the sodium had completely 786,059
6. dissolved Simultaneously, a voluminous precipitate of
alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam sodium separated The benzene
suspension could directly be used for further conversions with
reactive halogen compounds.
b) 13 5 grams of alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam were added to a
solution of 5.4 grams of sodium methoxide in 100 cc.
methanol and the reaction solution was then evaporated to dryness on a
water bath The residue was a colourless solid product consisting of
practically pure sodium alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam.
PREPARATION 4.
Production of gamma-propane sultam.
grams of n-propylamine were dissolved in 300 cc of carbon
tetrachloride and converted into the propylamine hydrochloride by
passing in HC 1 gas The n-propylamine hydrochloride was
sulphochlorinated with sulphur dioxide and chlorine in the manner
described for the alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam, the
sulphochlorination being continued for 20 hours The solid
sulphochlorination product formed was separated by suction-filtration,
washed with chloroform, dissolved in 200 cc ice water and made weakly
alkaline by shaking with 9-normal caustic soda solution The isolation
of the gamma-pro3 j pane-sultam was effected, as described for the
alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam, by extracting the acidified
reaction solution with ether The gamma-propane sultam was an oily
colourless liquid which after saponification with concentrated
hydrochloric acid gave pure 1-amino-propane sulphonic-( 3) acid The
yield amounted to 15-20 grams.
PREPARATION 5.
Production of gamma-propane sultam, sodium.
12 grams of gamma-propane sultam were added to a solution which had
been prepared by dissolving 2 3 grams of sodium in 100 cc.
of absolute methanol Evaporation of the reaction solution under vacuum
at 100 ' C resulted in a solid colourless product which practically
consisted of pure gamma-propane sultam sodium.
EXAMPLE 1.
Production of N-(benzoyl)-alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam.
The whole of the dispersion of sodium alpha-methyl-gamma-propane
sultam in 100 cc absolute benzene obtained in Preparation 3 (a) was
mixed with 14 grams of benzoyl chloride while shaking After one hour,
the precipitate was filtered under suction, the filtrate was
evaporated and the residue thoroughly washed first with a little ether
and then with water Recrystallisation of the residue from dilute
alcohol resulted in 15 1 grams of
N-(benzoyl)-alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam which had a melting
point of 1180 C, the formula CI 1 H,0,,NS and a molecular weight of
7. 239 28.
C H 0 N S Calculated:
55.02 % 5.47 % 20.07 % 5.85 % 13.40 % Found:
55.02 % 5.57 % 20.60 % 5.40 % 13.28 % EXAMPLE 2.
Production of N-(p-toluene-sulphonyl)-alphamethyl-gamma-propane
sultam.
27 grams of alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam were dissolved in 200 cc
of normal caustic soda solution and vigorously shaken for 4 hours at
100 C with 38 grams of p-toluenesulphochloride The reaction mixture
was filtered under suction and the precipitate so recovered was washed
several times with ether.
Recrystallisation from alcohol resulted in 33 grams of
N-(p-toluene-sulphonyl)alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam having a
melting point of 1790 G, the formula Cif H 104 NS, and a molecular
weight of 298 36.
C H Calculated:
45.65 %,'0 5.19 % Found:
45.57 % 5.20 % EXAMPLE 3.
Production of N-( 4-Acetamino-benzene-sul 90 phonyl-l)-alpha-methyl
gamma propane sultam.
24 grams of 4-acetamino-benzene-sulphonic( 1) acid chloride and 15 7
grams of sodiumalpha-methyl-gammna-propane sultam (the pro 95 duct of
Preparation 3 b), in a round bottomed flask provided with stirrer,
were heated on a water bath Reaction took place with effervescence The
pasty reaction mixture was stirred for half an hour at 100 C and after
100 cooling digested several times with ether The mixture was washed
with water until the washwater no longer gave an alkaline reaction Th;
crystal slurry thereby obtained was recrystallised from dilute alcohol
resulting in 25 grams 105 of N-(
4-acetamino-benzene-sulphonyl-l)-alphamethyl gamma propane sultam
having a melting point of 2030 C, the formula C 1.H O 5 N 252 and a
molecular weight of 332 39 lin Calculated: Found:
C 43 35 %, 43 56 % H 4 85 % 4 98 % 0 24 08 % 23 79 % N 8 43 % 8 31 % S
19 28 % 19 01 % grams of the N-( 4-acetamino-benzeneLAV
sulphonyl-l)-alpha methyl gamma-propane sultam obtained were heated in
100 cc dilute hydrochloric acid (density 1 08) for 15 minutes 120 at
1000 C After cooling, 5 2 grams of N-( 4amino benzene sulphonyl-l)
alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam precipitated in thin 786,059 786,059
flakes By recrystallisation from a relatively large amount of water,
the sultam was obtained in the form of needles having a melting point
of 1530 C.
C H EXAMPLE 4.
Production of N-methyl-alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam.
8 grams of sodium-alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam and 14 2 grams of
8. methyl iodide in 50 cc alcohol were heated for 3 hours under reflux
and then evaporated under vacuum on a water bath The liquid residue
was dissolved in water, the aqueous solution shaken several times with
petroleum ether and then exhaustively extracted with ether in an
extracting apparatus Evaporation of the ether extract resulted in 6
grams of a viscous oil, the chemical compositions of which co
responded to that of N-methyl-alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam.
Formula: CQH,,0 NS; molecular weight:
149 21; refractive index n D 42 = 1 4750.
EXAMPLE 6.
Production of N-(acetyl)-alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam.
grams of alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam were suspended in 200 cc
absolute ether and mixed with 10 grams of,acetyl chloride in portions
at room temperature while shaking After filtration of the reaction
solution, the ether solution was evaporated on a water bath and the
oily residue was freed from ether and excess acetyl chloride at 100 C.
under water jet vacuum The liquid product obtained amounted to 17 5
grams and was N(acetyl)-alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam having a
refractive index n,'0 of 1 4905.
The N-(acetyl)-alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam upon hydrolysis by
boiling with water, gave the original sultam and acetic acid.
C H Calculated:
40.24 % 7.43 %.
21.45 % Found:
40.130/% 7.36 % 21.56 % By heating with 6-normal HCI in a closed tube
for 16 hours at 1200 C, the N-methylalpilh, methyl gamma propane
sultam was hydrolysed forming 1-methylamine butane sulphonic-( 3) acid
as may be seen from the following analysis of the isolated reaction
product:
Formula: CH 130,NS; molecular weight:
167 22.
C H 0 N S Calculated:
35.91 % 7.78 % 28.71 % 8.38 % 19.16 % Found:
35.15 % 7.81 % 28.33 % 8.09 % 18.98 % EXAMPLE 5.
Production of N-benzyl-alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam.
8 grams of sodium-alpha-methylgammapropane sultam were dissolved in 50
cc of alcohol and heated with 12 grams of benzyl chloride for 12 hours
at 1000 C The reaction mixture was filtered from the precipitated
sodium chloride and evaporated under vacuum on a water bath The liquid
residue obtained was first washed several times with petroleum ether
and then with water The remaining liquid largely consisted of pure
N-benzylalpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam, for hydrolytic cleavage
with 6-normal H Cl for 16 hours at 1200 C resulted -in 7 grams of
1benzyl-amino-butane sulphonic-( 3) acid, the analysis of which gave
9. the following results:
Formula: C 1 l H 703 NS; molecular weight:
243 11.
EXAMPLE 7.
Production of N-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-delta-butane sultam.
A mixture of 8 grams of the delta-butane sultam potassium obtained in
Preparation 2 and 9 grams of p-nitrobenzoyl chloride were melted
together at 1000 C and maintained at this temperature for 15 minutes
while stirring The cooled melt was digested with 100 cc of ether and
then washed with water until the wash water no longer gave an alkaline
reaction Recrystallisation from alcohol resulted in
N-(pnitrobenzoyl)-delta-butane sultam in the form of needles which had
a melting point of 950 C.
EXAMPLE 8.
Production of N-(p-toluene-sulphonyl)-deltabutane sultam.
6.75 grams of delta-butane sultam potas 100 sium and 9 grams of
p-toluene-sulphochloride were heated, in the manner described in
Example 7, for 30 minutes at 800-1000 C while stirring The melt
obtained was first washed with 20 cc of ether and then with sufficient
105 water until the wash-water no longer had an alkaline reaction The
residue obtained was dissolved hot in a little methanol Upon cooling
to 100 C, N-(p-toluene-sulphonyl)delta-butane sultam precipitated in
the form 110 of needles which had a melting point of 172 C.
EXAMPLE 9.
Production of N-(acetyl)-gamma-propane sultam.
grams of acetyl chloride were added in 115 portions to a suspension of
10 grams of gamma-propane sultam sodium in 100 cc of absolute ether
while shaking After half an hour, the mixture was filtered The ether
solution was evaporated on a water bath and 120 freed under vacuum
from traces of ether and Calculated:
54.29 % 6.99 % 19.74 % Found:
54.01 % 6.99 % 20.11 % acetyl chloride The product obtained was an
oily liquid which gave acetic acid and gammapropane sultam upon
hydrolysis by boiling with water.
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10. * GB786060 (A)
Description: GB786060 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in or relating to data storage devices
Description of GB786060 (A)
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US2828418 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventors: LORIN KNIGHT and ALEC TRUSSELL 786,060 Date of Application
and filing Complete Specification: May 20, 1954.
No 14828/54.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 106 ( 1), C( 1 B: 4 A: 5: 6).
International Classification:-GO 6 f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements' in or relating to Data 'Storage Devices We, THE BRITISH
TABULATING MACHINE COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company of 17 Park Lane,
London, W 1, do hereby declare the inventionl, for which we pray that
a patent may be granted to us, and the method 'by which it is to be
performed to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: This invention relates to electronic data storage devices.
In British Patent Specification No 707,359 there is described a data
storage device which is particularly suitable for storing data sensed
from a punched card and allowing subsequent read out of the data to an
electronic calculating or computing machine This employs a capacitor
11. in the cathode circuit of a valve, the charge on the capacitor
representing a data item The object of the present invention is to
provide a simplified form of data storage device, utilising a
capacitor which may be charged to one or the other of two voltages
According to the invention, a data storage device comprises a
capacitor, means for setting the charge on the capacitor so that the
voltage across the capacitor has a first or a second, value
respectively indicative of the presence or absence of a data item, the
capacitor storing the data indication after the setting means are no
longer effective, a diode, means for biassing the diode by the voltage
across the capacitor in such manner that discharge of the capacitor
through the diode cannot occur, the diode being substantially
non-conducting for each of said voltages, means for applying a pulse
to the diode subsequent to the time when the setting means become no
longer effective, the pulse being of such amplitude that the diode is
rendered conductive to pass the pulse only if the capacitor is charged
to the voltage of the first value, and a load circuit across which a
voltage is developed when the diode conducts.
The invention will now 'be described 'by way of example, with
reference to the accomlPxice 3 s 6 d l panying drawing, which is a
diagram of a circuit employing three storage devices.
The storage devices are to 'be used to store data from punched,
recordl cards, which are sensed by a conventional sensing roll 2 and
brushes 1 The roll 2 is connected to a ground line 4 by a common brush
3.
The data from one column 'of a card is stored by a capacitor 5 This
capacitor may be charged, through a semi-conductor diode 6, 'by
setting a switch 7 to connect the diode to a -93 volt supply line 8
The switch 7 may conveniently be operated by a cam which is driven in
synchronism with the sensing roll 2 The switch 17 is operated to
charge the capacitor 5 before each index point position of the cardl
is sensed.
The capacitor 5 is connected to one of the brushes 1, through a
resistor 9 The capacitor is also connected to the ground line 4,
through a resistor 10, a diode 11 and a resistor 12 When the capacitor
is charged, and the switch 7 is in the position shown, the voltage is
applied in the reverse direction across the diodes' 6 and 11.
The reverse resistance of the diodes is sufficiently high to maintain
the voltage across the capacitor substantially constant during the
sensing of a card, when the value of the capacitor is of the order of
25 microfarads Thus, the capacitor will 'only be appreciably
discharged if the brush 1 is allowed to make contact with the roll 2,
by a hole in the card.
This allows the capacitor to 'discharge rapidly through the resistor
12. 9, A Mjer each index point has been sensed, a positive pulse of
approximately 50 volts amplitude is applied to the anode of the diode
11, via a line 13 ( 1) and a capacitor 14 If the capacitor 5 ' is
charged, the pulse will not overcome the biassing voltage on the
diode, which will remain non-conducting If the brush 1 has discharged
the capacitor, the diode 11 will conduct when the pulse is applied,
and a positive pulse will be fed to the grid of a valve V 1, via a
capacitor 15 and a grid current limiting resistor 16 Thus the valve V
1 will only receive a pulse when a hole has been sensed at the
corresponding index point A capacitor 27 serves to attenuate any
unwanted pulses, which may occur due to the self-capacitance of the
diode 11.
Capacitors 17 and 18 are connected to form storage circuits similar to
that of the capacitor The discharging of these capacitors is
controlled by the other brushes 1, which sense two further columns of
the card Read out pulses are applied to these storage circuits, via
lines 13 ( 2) and 13 ( 3) The outputs of the circuit are also fed to
the valve V 1, by capacitors 19 and 20.
The grid of the valve V 1 is connected to a -20 volt bias line 21,
through a resistor 22, so that the valve is normally non-conducting
The anode of the valve is connected to a + 160 volt supply line 23
through an anode load resistor 25 An output line 24 is fed from the
anode, via a capacitor 26 Thus, a positive pulse fed to the grid of V
1 will produce a negative pulse on the output line 24 Positive pulses
are fed sequentially to the lines 13 ( 1), 13 ( 2) and 13 ( 3) If all
three of the brushes 1 sense holes at a particular index point, then
the valve V 1 -will produce a sequence of three pulses on the output
line 24, so converting the parallel sensing of the card to serial
representation on the output line.
The use of the storage device in conjunction with an electronic
calculator is described in specification No 767,692 In one form, the
pulses on the output line 24 are fed to four gates, which are
controlled by cam contacts operated in synchronism with the card
sensing mechanism The output lines from the gates represent the values
1, 2, 4 and 8, and the contacts control the gates so that, at the " 7
" index point for example, a single pulse on the line 24 produces an
output from the gates representing the values 1, 2 and 4 The output
pulses from the gates are fed to a shifting register, which receives
shifting pulses synchronised with the pulses on the lines 13.
In another form, a group of four storage devices are used to represent
the values 1, 2, 4 and 8, so that each group may store one decimal, or
duo-decimal, digit The storage capacitors are then discharged under
control of relay contacts, and are re-charged once each card sensing
cycle.
13. It may be pointed out that if the pulses on the lines 13 are of short
duration, several pulses may be applied without greatly altering the
voltage across the storage capacitor This allows the same data to be
read out a number of times, for each input to the storage device.
It will be appreciated that negative read out pulses may be used, if
the relative polarities of the diodes and the bias voltages are
reversed The valve V 1 is then operated in a 65 normally conducting
condition.
A suitable card sensing mechanism is also shown in specification No
767,692.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB786061 (A)
Description: GB786061 (A) ? 1957-11-13
High-strength corrosion-resistant bodies and production thereof
Description of GB786061 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 15, 1954.
7865061 No 17595/54.
a r k} Application made in United States of America on June 22, 1953.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Glasses 1 ( 2), E 1 Al; 82 ( 1), A( 8 A 2:8 Z
4:11), Y( 1:2 A 2:2 Z 4).
International Classification:-B 23 n, C 01 b, C 22 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
High-strength Corrosion-resistant Bodies and Production thereof We,
AMERICAN ELECTRO METAL CORPOR Af ION, a Corporation of the State of
Maryland, United States of America, of Yonkers, New York, United
14. States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:This invention relates to structural materials or
compositions of matter which exhibit high hot strength, high heat
shock resistance and high corrosion resistance at elevated
temperatures, and to the production of such materials.
Chromium has long been known as a material which has high corrosion
resistance at high temperatures, this corrosion resistance being
secured by the formation of a corrosion resistant chromium oxide
surface stratum on the chromium surface which is exposed to oxidizing
combustion gases at high temperatures However, chromium has only
relatively low creep resistance at high temperatures, and for this
reason, chromium cannot be used by itself in applications which
require low creep resistance at high temperatures.
It has been previously suggested that this disadvantage may be
overcome by combinin the chromium with boron A material of this kind
has been sold under the Registered Trade Mark "Colmonoy" and contains
as principal ingredients three chromium borides Or B 2, Cr B and
Cr,312, and the conglomerate of these three chromium borides, may also
contain in free, compounded or alloyed state, minor further additions
of chromium, boron, aluminium and iron.
However, the known "Colmonoy" material has excessive brittleness and
could not be utilized for producing, either by itself or by cementing
particles thereof with any of the known cementing additions, a
cemented material that would exhibit the required high strength, and
that would have the capacity of elastically yielding under a load at
elevated 50 temperatures.
One aspect of the present invention is based on the discovery that by
combining chromium with dichromium boride Cr 2 B which has many
desirable characteristics 55 that make it superior to other chromium
boride compounds, to wit, Cr 132, Cr B and Cr 3 82, there is obtained
a material of high hot strength and corrosion resistance which is much
superior to either Cr 2 B or 60 Cr when used alone for producing high
temperature metal parts which present critical corrosion problems and
require substantial hot strength.
An X-ray study of the crystalline 65 structure of dichromium boride Cr
2 B indicates that it has an orthorhombic cell of the following
parameters:
a= 14 70 X; bl-7 34 A; and c:= 4 29 A Its specific gravity is 6 2
gram/cc, and 70 it has a micro hardness of Vickers DPH 1433 It has a
melting point between about 1650 and 17500 C The dichromium boride Cr
2 B will take about 20 % chromium in solid solution and has a much
higher 75 order of ductility than other refractory metal borides.
15. The present invention provides a new structural material which in
addition to exhibiting high strength, heat shock resis 80 tance and
corrosion resistance at elevated temperature, also exhibits a
substantial desired degree of ductility, the new material combining
the dichromium boride Cr 2 B with chromium By choosing the S 5
proportion of the excess chromium, the material may be given the
desired degree of strength and corrosion resistance as well as the
desired degree of ductility at elevated temperatures, 90 depending on
the temperature at which it is to be used.
j 1 ru f 786,061 The new diehromium boride-excesschromium material of
the invention may to advantage also contain 0 1 to 1 0 % of chromium
oxide Cr 2 03 For best results, S it should be free of carbon
impurities greater than 0 1 % and of iron impurities greater than 0 1
to 0 15 % (Throughout the specification and claims, all proportions
are given in weight, unless otherwise lo specifically stated) This new
material of the invention may be described as boronpoor or
boron-deficient dichromium boride material For securing the minimum
required increase in creep-resistanee over pure chromium, it should
contain a minimum of 0 59 % boron, and its boron content should not be
higher than 4 71 % the balance being chromiu m Tests indicate that the
Cr 2 B plus Cr material has a eutectic composition for 4 8 % boron
content, the eutectie temperature being about 15001 C at which the
material forms a liquid phase.
The dichromium boride material Cr 2 l B vitlhout and with the excess
of chromium may be produced by direct synthesis from chromium and
boron each having a purity of at least 95 % For best results, the
impurities should not exceed 2 5 %, and preferably, the impurities
should be only 0.5 % or less The commercially available electrolytic
chromium and commercially available amorphous boron of such purity may
be used for producing this material.
Instead of amorphous boron, crystalline boron may be used In producing
the diehromium boride with the desired excess of chromium or without
it, chromium and boron powders are mixed in stoichiomtieteric
proportions corresponding to Cr 2 B with or without the desired excess
of chromium, and the mixed powder ingredients are subjected to a heat
treatment in which the boron powder combines with the chromium into
dichromium boride Cr 2 B. Satisfactory results are obtained by mixing
the proportions of the chromium and the boron powders of a particle
size of 4 to 5 microns, and thereafter further rmixing the powder
mixture as in a ball mill, to effect thorough mixture of the different
powders and their comminution to about 1/2 to 2 microns particle size
Good results are obtained by comminuting the individual powders in a
gas vortex type pulverizing mill to a particle size of 4 to microns
and subsequently ball-milling the mixture of the two powders for about
16. 34 hours Tests indicate that mixing by ball-milling beyond about 54
hours does not yield an improved final material.
The ball-rilled mixture of the powder ingredients is then heated in a
protective atmosphere within a crucible between 651300 to 13500 C or
in general, between 1000-20000 C until the amorphous boron has been
purified and the reaction between the chromium and boron has reached
equilibrium condition Good results are obtained with a heat treatment
of from one 70 to two hours which yields the body of diehromium boride
Cr 2 B with or without the desired excess of chromium, depending on
the proportions of the powder ingredients in the starting powder mix
75 ture The amorphous boron contains magnesium oxide as major impurity
and the heat treatment at 13000 C in a hydrogen atmosphere within a
graphite crucible reduces the magnesium oxide to mag 80 nesium, and
the resulting magnesium volatilizes at 13000 C_ leaving ill the
crucible the purified boron whielh forms the desired Cr 2 B as the
equilibrium conditions are reached in the heat treatment 85
Alternatively, the dichromium boride Cr 2 B with or without the
desired excess of chromium may be obtained by mixing electrolytic
chromium and purified boron in the desired final proportions in which
90 ease the initial comminution of the individual powders by a Gaseous
vortex pulverizing mill is not required This procedure requires boron
of the highest possible purity of at least 95 % as 95 chemically
analyzed The properly proportioned mixture of the electrolytic
chromium and pure boron powder ingredients is then ball-lilled and
then subjected to a similar heat treatment in a 10 graphite crucible
within a hydrogen atmosphere at 1300 'C to 1:3500 C until the reaction
yields at equilibrium condition the diehromium boride Cr B, with or
without the desired excess of chromium 105 It is desirable to keep the
boron content of the powder nlixture to at most 471 o so that the
resulting material shall b)e free of the boron richer chromium borides
Cr B, Cr B 2 and Crn B-2 110 The carbon impurities of the powder
mixture should be kept not larger than 0.1 % Iron impurities of about
0 1 to 0.15 % that are introduced by ball-milling with steel balls,
are not harmful, but may 115 be eliminated by leaching, as with II Cl.
Shaped articles of high strength, creep resistance, heat-shock
resistance and resistance to corrosion at elevated temperatures and
having also desired duetility at such 120 temperatures, may be
produced out of powder particles of diehromium boride Cr 2 B and
excess chromium i)y powder metallurgy techniques or ceramic
teehniques, illcludilg hot-pressing as well as 125 cold-pressingl or
hydrostatic pressing of the desired shapes followed hy sinterini The
lhot-nressing anl the sinterine of conmpacted bodies slhould be
carried out at temperatures between 13200 and l:5000 130 786,061 Where
the boron content of the combined body is in excess of 4 %, the
17. heating temperatures may be increased up to 1700 C Good results are
obtained by hot-pressing and sintering of the compacted powder bodies
in an oxidizing atmosphere, sueh as oxygen or air, or in an inert
atmosphere such as helium or argon or in vacuum Nitrogen atmospheres
should not be used It is also detrimental to carry on these
hot-pressing or sintering treatments in a earbonaceous and/or hydrogen
atmosphere, since carbon and hydrogen will tend to reduce chromium
oxides which are desirable in the final product Heating in a
carbonaceous and/or hydrogen atmosphere causes embrittlelnent and
lowering of the physical properties of the resulting cemented bodies.
Satisfactory cemented bodies may be produced by hot-pressing at
temperatures of 1400 to 1900 CC with pressures of 1/2 to 1 1/2 tsi
(tons per square inch) In making bodies by compacting followed by
sintering, good results are obtained by compacting the powder mixture
with 2 to 4 tsi and sintering the compact at temperatures above 13500
C and close to the melting point of chromium metal When hot-pressing,
the die should be of a material which does not produce a carbonaceous
atmosphere within the die cavity Dies of zirconium diboride Zr B 2
bonded with 2 to 7 % excess boron containing 4 to 33 atomic per cent
carbon in solid solution or of silicon carbide bonded by silicon
nitride, are suitable, in which case the hot-pressing may be done with
up to about 10 to 12 tsi If a graphite die is used, the die cavity
should be coated with a refractory cement such as zirconium oxide
cement, titanium oxide cement, or like cements which are free of or
very poor in carbon at the hot-pressing temperature.
In the accompanying drawings the curves of Figs 1-7 give the physical
characteristics of cemented bodies of the invention containing Cr 2 B
+ Cr, and obtained by synthesis, of chromium with amorphous boron in
the manner described hereinabove Similar bodies made with pure
crystalline boron have generally similar characteristics, although
they vary in some respects.
The graph of Fig I indicates the density of a cemented body formed of
Cr 2 B plus Cr with Cr 2 B increasing to 100 %.
In Fig 2 curves 12, 13 show the transverse rupture strength for
cemented material or body of Cr 2 B + Cr at 1000 CC, with Cr 2 B
increasing to 100 % Maximum transverse rupture strength is at about
3.5 % Cr 2 B content Bodies with a Cr 2 B content exceeding 50 % have
relatively low ductility.
In Fig 3 graph 15 shows the average Rockwell A hardness for bodies of
Cr 2 B plus Cr, with Cr 2 B increasing to 100 %.
Maximum hardness is obtained at about % Cr 2 B content 70 In Fig 4
graph 16 shows the electrical resistivity of a cemented body of Cr 2
B+Cr, with Cr 2 B increasing to 100 %.
The electrical resistivity increases linearly as the Cr 2 B content
18. increases above 10 % 75 Chromium will take approximately 0 9 to 1 % by
weight of boron in solution and this fact may explain the break in
this graph at 10 % Cr 2 B content, representing a composition
containing about 095 % 80 boron.
Fig 5 shows graphs of the oxidation resistance in air and in
combustion atmospheres of three bodies of different Cr 2 B content as
a function of time Graph 85 17-1 applies to a body containing 15 % Cr
2 B, graph 17-2 to one containing 30 % Cr 2 B, and graph 17-3 to one
containing % Cr 2 B, the balance chromium They show that the corrosion
resistance of these 90 materials is excellent and that after the first
200 hours, in which a chromium oxide film develops on the exterior of
the body, the further weight gain is very small.
Even after 1000 hours exposure to oxidiz 95 ing conditions, the
appearance of all specimens was excellent and they kept their sharp
corners and their original transverse rupture strength.
In Fig 6, curve 18 shows the transverse 100 rupture strength for a
body containing % Cr 2 B and 70 % Cr for increasing temperatures and
that it was in excess of 90,000 psi (pounds per square inch) between
12000 and 12500 C The cemented 105 material of the invention
containing Cr 2 B+Cr has also" substantial ductility which may be
increased by increasing the excess chromium content provided it does
not exceed 90 % as otherwise its creep 11 o resistance is impaired The
ductility decreases as the boron content increases.
The table below shows the loads which cause observable bending of
molybdenum and "Stellite" No 31 (alloy of Cr, Ni, 115 Mo, W, Fe and
Co) in comparison with desirable Cr 2 B + Cr materials of the
invention at 10000 and 11000 C ("Stellite" is a Registered Trade Lark)
TABLE 1
Tempera Load for Material tures C Observable bend in psi.
Molybdenum 1000 25,000 1100 16,500 "Stellite" No 31 1000 33,000 1100
19,000 Cr 2 B/70 Cr 1100 80,000 Cr 2 B/60 Cr 1100 105,000 786,061 In
Fig 7, graph 19 shows the deflection rate under a transverse load of
40,000 psi (pounds per square inch; at 1000 C.
for bodies of Cr 211 +Cr with Cr 2 13 increasing to about 80 % The
best grade of titanium carbide deflected about 4 x 10-S inches per
minute -under similar test conditions.
Cemented bodies of the invention may he produced either byl
hot-pressing or by compactin-g and sintering To obtain materials
approximating the theoretical high densities hot-pressing at 1500 3 C
at which a liquid phase is formed, with subsequent sintering at the
same temperature for 30 to 60 minutes, is desirable With hot-pressed
material which had about 90 % theoretical density, almost its full
density could be achieved byv additional sintering of one hour in air
at about 15000 C.
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* GB786062 (A)
Description: GB786062 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in or relating to traveling-wave electron tubes
Description of GB786062 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECICATION
- 786, Date of Application and filing Complete
4 st Specification: June 22, 1954 No 183
Application mode in United States of America on Aug 5, 1953.
/ Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 39 ( 1), D( 10 F:16 A 1:18 A:40 F:46 A).
International Classification:-H Olj.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
20. PATENTS ACT, 1949 SPECIFICATION NO 786,062
In pursuance of Section 8 of the Patents Act 1949, the amended in the
following manner:Specification has been
Page 1 i line 38, after "direction" insert "% the tube having
connected thereto external circuit means for adjusting the slow wave
transmission line voltage for controlling the range of velocities of
the electron stream In order to control the frequency at which the
tube will oscillate".
Page 3 S line 30 after "whereby' insert lithe range of velocities of
the electron stream and thus".
Page S line 113, after "direction" insert % the tube having connected
thereto external circuit means for adjusting the slow wave
transmission line voltage for controlling the range of velocities or
the electron stream in order to control the frequency at which the
tube will oscillate ".
THE PATENT OFFICE, 17th April, 1959 3 u static nemts in said path from
the second end to the first, at a plurality of velocities including a
velocity essentially equal to the phase velocity of a space harmonie
of energy which is being transmitted in said line, the stream of
electrons being caused by said crossed fields to follow a closed
circuit so that it traverses said path endlesslv in the same
direction.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same
may be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the
accompanying drawings in which:
Fig 2 1 is a transverse cross-sectional v ie(w of a traveling wave
electron tube.
lPrice 3 i 6 l DB 10 F 81/I( 3) 31755 1 i-0 4/9 R ally the same
distance as the anode 75 members 12 The inner face of block 14 has a
slot 1 3 therein which extends radially outwardly toward anode
cylinder 11 Slot is appropriately dimensioned to cause the metallic
block 14 to behave as a radio 80 frequency choke at the desired
operating frequency of the device The purpose of the radio frequency
choke is to effectively isolate signal waves in the anode structure on
one side of the metallic block 14 from 85 being fed through the choke
to the anode structure on the other side thereof In other words,
electromagnetic waves can travel between the two ends of the
transmission line on a route along said line but 90 0062 U 32154.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 22, 1954.
7869062 No 18332154.
V a 't D Application made in United States of America on Aug 5, 1953.
I f Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 39 ( 1), D(l OF:16 A 1:18 A:4 OF:46 A).
21. international Classification:-H 01 j.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relatj > 2 to Traveling-wave Electron Tubes We,
RAYTHEON MANUFACTURING COMPANY, a Corporation organised under the Laws
of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of Waltham, County
of Middlesex, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States of America,
do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may
be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to traveling wave electron tubes.
According to the invention there is provided a traveling wave electron
tube including a slow wave transmission line having first and second
ends between which electromagnetic waves travel from the first end to
the second on a route along said line but not appreciable on any other
route, the line being adapted to produce in a path adjacent thereto
fields of the electromagnetic wave energy being transmitted therein,
there being located at or near said first end a termination matched to
the impedance of the line, the tube further including means for
producing a stream of electrons moving, under the influence of crossed
magnetic and electrostatic fields, in said path, from the second end
to the first, at a plurality of velocities including a velocity
essentially equal to the phase velocity of a space harmonic of energy
which is being transmitted in said 3 line, the stream of electrons
being caused )v said crossed fields to follow a closed circuit so that
it traverses said path endlessly in the same direction.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same
may be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the
accompanying drawings in which:
Fig 1 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a traveling wave
electron tube, lPrice 3/6 l Fig 2 is a view of a second traveling wave
tube, part being broken away to reveal the inner structure, and Fig- 3
is a further view, partly in section, of the tube shown in Fig 2 5
Referring now to the drawings, in Fig.
1 there is shown an anode structure 10 comprising a metallic cylinder
11 Extending radially inwardly from the inner surface of anode
cylinder 11 is a slow wave 55 transmission line comprising a plurality
of anode members 12, each anode member 12 is in the form of a
substantially planar rectangular metallic conductor and is so
positioned that the axis of anode cylinder 60 11 lies in the plane
midway between the planes containing its major faces Alternate anode
members 12 are connected at points adjacent their inner ends on the
upper and lower edges thereof by conduc-65 tive straps 13 according to
well-known practice At one point in the anode structure 10, the anode
members 12 and strapping 13 are omitted, and a block of conductive
22. material 14 is substituted 70 therefor Block 14 occupies the space of
several anode members 12 It is rigidly attached to anode cylinder 11,
and extends radially inwardly therefrom for substantially the same
distance as the anode 75 members 12 The inner face of block 14 has a
slot 15 therein which extends radially outwardly toward anode cylinder
11 Slot is appropriately dimensioned to cause the metallic block 14 to
behave as a radio 80 frequency choke at the desired operating
frequency of the device The purpose of the radio frequency choke is to
effectively isolate signal waves in the anode structure on one side of
the metallic block 14 from 885 being fed through the choke to the
anode structure on the other side thereof In other words,
electromagnetic waves can travel between the two ends of the
transmission line on a route along said line but 90 786,062 not
appreciably on any other route.
Signal coupling devices 17 are connected to the ends of the signal
wave transmission network by connecting one of the straps 513 to a
lead-in member 18, which extends outwardly through anode cylinder 11
spaced therefrom After lead-in member 18 passes outside cylinder 11 it
is surrounded by an outer conductor 19, spaced therefrom and coaxial
therewith, outer conductor 19 being sealed to the walls of the
aperture in cylinder 11 through which lead-in member 18 passes Outer
conductor 19 is insulatedly sealed to lead-in member 18 by a glass
seal 20 in a wellknown manner.
Positioned in the space defined by the inner ends of anode members 12
is a cathode structure 21 comprising a cathode cylinder 22 positioned
concentric with anode cylinder 11 The outer surface of cathode
cylinder 22 is coated with electron emissive material, and is adapted
to produce clouds of electrons in the space between the cathode
cylinder 22 and the inner ends of the anode members 12 when cathode
cylinder 22 is heated by a heater coil (not shown) in a well-known
manner.
The electrons are subjected to crossed electric and magnetic fields in
the anode/ cathode space and move in a stream around the cathode, the
stream moving in a path adjacent the transmission line endlessly in
the same direction The upper and lower ends of cathode cylinder 22 are
covered by end shields 23 which tend to prevent movement of the
electrons in a direction axial to the cathode cylinder 22.
A voltage is produced between the anode structure 10 and the cathode
structure 21 by means of an anode voltage supply 24, which is made
adjustable in order to control the velocity of the electron stream and
hence to select the particular frequency at which it is desired that
the device shall operate.
An impedance matched resistive termination 25 is connected to the
signal coupling device 17 which is connected to the end of the line
23. toward which electrons are moving Termination 25 is preferably of the
energy-absorbing type which absorbs and dissipates any energy
traveling along the anode network in the same direction as the
electron beam An output load 52 is connected to the coupling device 17
attached to the end of the anode network away from which electrons are
traveling along the anode network The direetion of electron motion in
the device of Fig 1 is indicated by the arrow 53, being clockwise
about the cathode 23 for the particular view illustrated in Fig 1.
Referring now to Fig 2 there is shown a construction wherein the
signal transmission network comprises a plurality of adjacent anode
members connected together throug h lumped electrical constants to
form an equivalent unstrapped type of anode structure The anode struc
70 ture comprises an anode cylinder 26, the ends of which are covered
by upper and lower end plates 27 and 28, respectively.
Positioned inside anode cylinder 26 is a cathode structure 29
comprising a cathodeo 75 cylinder 30 whose outer surface is coated
with electron emissive material The upper and lower ends of cathode
cylinder:30 are covered by end shields:31 which extend outwardly
beyond cathode cylinder 30 80 Cathode 29 is rigidly mounted with
respect to the anode cylinder 26 by a cathode support structure 32
comprising a cylindrical member 33 attached to one of the end shields
31, and which extends 85 upwardly throuoh an aperture in upper end
plate 27, and is rigidly supported with respect thereto by being
attached through a cylinder 34, and a cup member 35, to a ceramic
sleeve 36 surroundino' the cylinder 90 34 and sealed to the walls of a
recess in the upper face of the upper end plate 27.
Extending downwardly through said cylindrical member into the cathode
structure 29 is a lead-in member 37, which is 95 connected to one end
of a heater wire inside cathode cylinder 30, the other end of said
heater wire being connected to cathode cylinder 30 Lead-in member 37
is insulatedly sealed to the cylinder 34 by 100 an insulating seal 38
so that by application of a potential between lead-in wire 37 and
cylinder 34, a current may be caused to he passed through the cathode
heater coil thereby heating the cathode to the desired 105 electron
emitting temperature.
Surrounding cathode structure 29 is a plurality of anode members 29
eomprising elongated conductive members or rods which extend upwardly
through upper end 110 plate 27 Each anode member is insulatedly
supported with respect to the plate 27 by a plurality of insulating
beads (not shown) sealed aro Lnd anode rods 39 and inside apertures in
end plate 27 Exten 115 sions of anode members 39 extend upwardly above
upper end plate 27 outside anode cylinder 26, said extensions forming
terminal posts to which lumped constants may be connected to form with
anode 120 members 39 a signal wave transmission network Specifically,
24. inductors 41 are connected 3 between each pair of adja ent anode
members 39, and each anode member 39 is connected to a around
reference plane 125 comprising upper end plate 27 through condensers
42 Induetors 41 are supported by rinas 4:3 which are supported with
reslpect to upper ells plate 27 by means of rods 44 At one point in
the anode 130 786,062 structure, the inductor connecting a pair of
adjacent anode members is omitted, said pair of adjacent anode members
forming respectively the ends of the signal wave transmission line.
One end of the transmission line is connected to an output load 45 by
connecting the anode member 39 at this point through an inductor 41 to
the output load, the other terminal of the output load being connected
directly to the anode ground plane comprising upper end plate 27 The
transmission line has the other end thereof connected by means of a
conductor 46 to one side of an impedance matched energy absorbing
termination 47, the other side of termination 47 being connected to
the upper end plate 27 In the absence of an electrical connection
between the ends of the lumped constant line other than by way of the
line itself, it is not necessary here to provide a radio frequency
choke, as in Fig 1, in order to prevent electromagnetic waves from
traveling from one end of the line to the other by a route other than
that through the line itself.
A variable anode supply 50 is connected between the cathode structure
and the anode structure whereby the particular frequency at which the
device will oscillate is controlled by adjustment of the
anodeto-cathode voltage A magnet coil 51 is positioned around anode
cylinder 26 whereby the desired magnetic field may be produced in the
space between the anode members 39 and the cathode cylinder 30 in a
direction transverse to the direction of motion of the electrons.
It is to be clearly understood that any desired means, such as a
permanent magnet, could be substituted for the magnet coil illustrated
in the species of Figs 1 and 2, and that either means for producing a
magnetic field could be used with the species of Fig 1.
It can be shown that a wave traveling along the network in a direction
opposite to the direction of the electron stream will have a component
which travels backward along the network in the same direction as the
electron stream If the velocity of the electron stream is made
substantially equal to the velocity of the backward component of the
wave, that is, the component which is traveling in the same direction
as the electron stream, interaction will occur and a signal will build
up in the network The energy content of the signal, however, will g
travel in a direction opposite to the direction of the electron stream
If the end of the network toward which the electron beam is moving is
terminated in a matched impedance over a wide range of frequencies and
absorbs any energy impinging thereon, the device will generate
25. oscillations whose frequency is dependent substantially entirely on
the velocity of the electron stream If the velocity of the backward
component of the wave varies with 70 frequency, as is the case with
all the network structures described herein and as is the case with
most network structures used in the microwave field, and since the
electron velocity is determined by the 75 intensity of the
electrostatic field produced by the voltage applied between the anode
and cathode or anode and substantially non-emissive electrode 117,
variation of this voltage will vary the oscillation 80 frequency of
the device The oscillation frequency may also be controlled or varied
by variation of the transverse magnetic field.
The tube described could be modified by 85 arranging for the output
power to be varied by variation of the intensity of the electron
stream.
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* GB786063 (A)
Description: GB786063 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements relating to loose reed looms
Description of GB786063 (A)
PATENT SPEUFICAON
Inventor:-WILLIAM REGINALD COXON.
Date of filing Complete Specification: Aug 25, 1955.
Application Date: Jiuly 2, 1954 No 19391/54.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 142 ( 2), E 4 C.
International Classification:-DO 3 d.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
26. Improvements relating to Loose Reed Looms.
We, LOGAN, MUCKELT & Co LIMITED, a British Company, of 14 St Peter's
Square, Manchester 2, do hereby declare the invention, for which we
pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to loose reed looms, in which the reed is
yieldable in the event of being fouled by a trapped or misplaced
shuttle or for some other cause when moving up to the fell of the
woven cloth, the yielding of the reed operating to stop the loom.
Hitherto the loose reed has been pivotally suspended so as to swing
backwardly if pressed by an obstruction, spring means being provided,
acting on the lower part of the reed and normally holding the reed in
its operative position but yielding to allow the reed to swing around
an axis in its upper part if fouled by the shuttle or otherwise.
The object of the present invention is to provide improved means for
supporting the reed of a loose reed loom and allowing it to move clear
of a trapped shuttle or other obstruction, and thereby to avoid the
damage to the warp and also to bring the loom to rest.
The present invention comprises warp protection means for a loose reed
loom, wherein the reed is releasably held or supported in the sley by
a releasable holding or gripping means both at the top and bottom,
each such means being adapted to release the reed if the latter moves
on to a trapped or misplaced shuttle or other obstruction during
beat-up Conveniently the reed is held in the sley by uipper and lower
gripping members either or both of which may be constrained to
separate to release the reed, and the separation of either or both of
said members is effective to stop the loom.
lPrice 3 s 6 d l Usually said lower gripping members comprise known
positioning means normally used to resist swing movement of the reed.
In this latter connection, the arrangement may be such that moderate
resistance to the reed will effect only a swinging movement in known
manner, and actuate the loom stop mechanism, whereas a more than
moderate resistance to the reed will effect its complete displacement
and also actuate the stop mechanism.
If desired, a lost-motion connection may be included between the upper
and lower reed-holding parts whereby the lower ones may yield alone
but any yielding of the upper ones causes simultaneous yielding of the
lower ones also.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper and lower
gripping members are so interconnected that separation of the lower
members causes separation of the upper members and the reed is allowed
to, fall on to the shed.
In known loose reed looms the upper batten of the reed is usually held
27. in a substantially key-hole shaped slot in the so-called hand shelf In
one mode of carrying out the present invention one side of such slot
is cut away and is replaced by one or more reed supporting rods or
bars carried by pivoted levers and the pivotal movement of such
levers, when the reed is displaced, is utilised to actuate the stop
mechanism Such pivotal movement may, for example, by a suitable
arrangement of links and levers, be superimposed on the stop mechanism
normally affected by a swinging movement of the reed.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to
the accompanying drawings, wherein:Figure 1 is an elevation broken in
length 786,063 756,063 of a loom embodying one example of warp
protection means constructed in accordance with the invention, only so
much of the loom being illustrated as is necessary for the
understanding of the invention; Figures 2 and 3 are respectively side
view and plan of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a detail view to an enlarged
scale and partly in section illustrating the 10) relative positions of
the various parts of the warp protection means when the reed is held
in its normal beat-up position in the sley; and Figure 5 is a view
similar to Figure 4 but showing how the gripping members are released
and the reed allowed to fall or be forced rearwardly on to the shed.
In the example of the invention illustrated in the drawings, the
normal parts of the loom and the parts of the usual warp protection
means are in chain lines, and the construction includes the usual hand
shelf 10 which normally has the loose reed 11 held in the top of a
key-hole slot within it, but in the present invention has the back
portion cut away to expose the slot 12, leaving the shelf
substantially of inverted L-section.
Mounted on the sley 13 are a number of brackets 14 in which is
pivotally mounted a rod 15 extending across the loom and on this rod,
at spaced intervals, are downwardlyextending curved lever arms 16
whose lower ends reach down into the recess 17 in the hand shelf and
there carry a second rod 18 so positioned that it nests or abuts
against the rear side of the upper batten 11 a of the reed 11 and
holds it in position The rod 18, in effect, replaces that wall of the
slot which has been cut away.
At one end of the rod 15 and extending therefrom is a radial arm 19
terminating in a cross-bar 20 (the arm therefore being of T-shape) and
from the ends of the said bar hangs a loop or stirrup 22 The lower
part 4.5 of this loop or stirrup is normally engaged in a recess 23
(see particularly Figure 5) in the underside of the forward end of a
short lever 24 pivotally mounted at 25 in a bracket 26 on the sley
sword 32 To the rear end of such lever 24 is pivotally attached the
upper bifurcated end of a link or rod 27 which extends downwardly and
is pivotally connected through the intermediary of an angled member 28
28. with the so-called organ handle 29 of the normal release mechanism
This lastnamed rod or link 27 is preferably adjustable in length for
setting purposes and it may also be telescopic so as to allow the
organ handle to operate whilst not disturbing the top part of the reed
but causing the organ handle to move with it if the top part of the
reed is displaced and causes the said curved levers to rotate The
parts of the normal warp protection means as illustrated include 6.5
the usual organ handle 29 mounted on the angularly movable stop rod 30
extending across the sley, and having arms 31 adapted to engage or
abut the bottom batten 117 of the reed and resiliently hold the same
in the sley 13 The stop rod 30 carries the usual 70 lever arm 33 which
is adapted to engage beneath the bunter 34 so as to hold the reed
firmly in place during the normal beat-up operation In addition, the
stop rod is also adapted to stop the loom in known manner, 75 if and
when the reed moves on a trapped or misplaced shuttle and angular
movement is imparted to the rod.
The normal spring loading effected by tension spring 35 also operates
to load the So said short lever 24, causing it to pull on the loop or
stirrup 22 and thereby press the rod 18 against the reed During the
backward movement of the reed, the rod 18 is held in engagement with
the top reed batten 1 la 85 by a roller 36 mounted on the organ handle
29 engaging a bow spring 37 mounted on the loom frame 38.
The arrangement is such that the reed is held in place by
interconnected upper and 90 lower holding or gripping members, but is
free to be completely unshipped if obstructed, since the rod 18 and
arins 31 w-hiieh hold it are yieldable, against the resistance of the
spring loading thus avoiding damage to the 95 reed and to the shuttle
and also preventing or at least substantially reducing broken warp
ends The yielding of the lower gripping members imparts angular
movement to the stop rod 30, thus lowering the rear 100 end of the
said short lever, and causing its front end to move upwards and
release the upper gripping members Simultaneously, the normal stop
mechanism is operated to bring the loom to rest In some cases the 105
obstruction to the reed may 7 only cause swringing " aboutt the point
of support in the upper gripping members, whilst if the resistance is
greater than normal, the reed is released from the upper as well as
the lowver 110 gripping members and the reed is completely removed
-from the sley and caused to fall or be forced rearwardly on to the
shed or on to suitably placed guides or auxiliary supports 115
Replacement of the reed is easily and quickly effected.
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