5156 5160.output

* GB785563 (A)
Description: GB785563 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Refractometer
Description of GB785563 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Refractometer
We, CARL ZEISS-STIFTUNG, a Foundation established under the laws of
Germany, of Reidenheim a.d. Brenz, Wuritemberg, Germany, trading as
Carl Zeiss, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement : -
The invention concerns an arrangement for the objective measurement of
the refractive index of liquids by determination of the critical angle
of total reflection.
The arrangement is based upon the known principle of a refractometer,
in which the light reflected at the bordering surface between the
measuring prism and the optical thinner liquid to be examined. is
measured dependent on the angle of light incidence. By measuring the
reflected light. the effect of the absorption of light bv the sample
to be examined is largely eliminated. The intensity of the light
reflected at the border of two media of different refraction rises,
weakly at first, with increasing departure of the direction of light
incidence from perpendicular light incidence. On approaching the
critical angle of total reflection the intensity of the reflected
light rises more strongly, and reaches a maximum value at the critical
angle. This critical angle-counted from the perpendicular incidence of
light onwards-is the rigger, the smaller the difference of the
refractive indices of the media borders on each other. Introducing
into the raypath of the reflected light a telescope focussed on
infinity, as in the usual refractometers, it is well known that two
fields of different luminahce will appear in the field of view of the
telescope, separated by a more or less e learlv defined line. The
bright field corresponds to that angular range of the incident cone of

light in which the light is principally reflected at the border of the
two media of different refraction, while the dark field corresponds to
that angular range in which the incident light is principally
refracted and only reflected to a minor degree.
On comparihg the intensity of light rays reflected at the surface
where the measuring prism borders on various samples put on in
succession it is found that beyond the critical angles corresponding
to the individual samples, i.e. in the maximum, all possess the same
absolute value with good approximation.
Characteristic differences are shown only in the vicinty of the
critical angles of total reflection.
These conditions are qualitatively represented in Fig. 1 of the
acompanying drawings. The figure shows the change of the intensity, in
percents of its masimum value, of the light from a light source
reflected at the bordering surfaces, dependent on the angle of
incidence #, with the angle of perpendicular light incidence taken to
be zero degress.
The knows relations of the angles are schematically represented in
Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings. The perpendicular incident light
ray 1 enters the glass body a and leaves the sample b without being
reflected at the bordering surface between a and b. Light ray 21 whose
angle of incidence lies between 0 and 90 is partially reflected in the
direction 21 and partially leaves sample b in the direction 2.
Light ray 3' incidences beyond the critical angle of total reflection
and therefore is only reflected (3).
Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings shows a schematic arrangement of
the construction of the measuring instrument according to the
invention.
In Fig. 1 the curve I shows the change of the intensity of light at
the bordering surface of a combination of two media with refractive
indices very greatly different from each other, in its dependence on
the angle of incidence. In the present example the combination is
assumed to be of glass and distilled water. The intensity of the light
reflected rises somewhat with the increase of the angle of incidence
#- corresponding to the branch A of the curve-until the critical angle
of total reflection is almost reached. Here the intensity of the
reflected light rises more strongly. The curve shows a point of
inflection P which corresponds approximately to the critical angle #1@
and then tends towards its masimum value in branch B.
The curves II-IV represent the change of intensity of the light
reflected at the bordering surface with samples to be examined which
show higher refractive indices than in the case of curve I. The
difference of the refractive Indices against glass is therefore lower
than in the case of curve I. The protracted brandies B of all curves

coincide with sufficient agreement.
By joining the inflection points P of all curves by a curved trace C.
one finds tl. t this runs below branch R of surve I br a constant
percentage of its ordinate values.
In the inflection points-and only in these-there is therefore equality
of the ordinates of the auxiliary curve C and of any arbitrary
measured curve (II-IV).
This property of the auxiliary curve @ containing the inflection
points is exploited in the invention. It is based on the idea to
compare the reflected light, dependent on the angle of incidence, from
the bordering surface between a measuring prism and a sample to be
examined, with a comparison light whose intensity and dependence on an
angle follows the auxiliary curve C. A coincidence of the two compared
values in a differential measuring instrument mnst therefore result,
for each critical angle #2 . . . . of total reflection required. at
the inter- section point of the measured curve and of the comparison
curve, in a sensitive zero indication and consequently in an
unambiguous criterion for tlie critical angle.
The position of said line which appears in the field of view of the
telescope of a refractometer and which divides the two fields of
different luminance is not easily determined by measuring techniques,
because of the flatness of the light intensity curve in the vicinity
of the critical angle. This determination is, however, achieved
according to the invention in that a light source is divided in a
manner intrinsicallv known. into two light paths one of which passes
through a prism directly bordering upon the sample to be examined with
one surface, while the other light path passes through an optical
element variable in its light transmission factor with tulle same
dependence on an angle as the measuring prism. As may serve e.g. a
rotary wedge or @imil@@ device working together with an e@@entri@ cam
whose governing curve has been empirically shaped to follow the
function of the light intensity from the measuring prism in its
dependence on the angle of emergence of the light, and which is
rotated synchronously with the measuring prism or in the case of a
fixed measuring prism with a mirror arranged behind the prism. With
the described arrange ment there are obtained so far perfectly equal
conditions in both light paths-with the sole exception of the effect
produced by the sample itself. In further perfection of the invention
the intensity values of the comparison light. which in the arrangement
described so far coincide with curve T of Fig. 1. are lowered. hr addi
tional reduction of the intensity along its path, e.g. by a grey
filter or a diaphragm to such an extent that in the branch B they
coincide with the curve C drawn through the inflection points. For the
determination of the correct aniount of this reduction in the path of

the comparison light, a single calibration point suffices within a
wide range. The corre@t amount lies, according to experience. ai
approximately 20% of the full comparison light. In this way an
arrangement is obtained in which equality of intensity between the
measuring and the coni- parison light occurs at the critical angle of
total reflection at the surface bordering the measuring prism and the
sample to be examined, and only at this angle. Thi equality of
intensity forms a very obvious rriterion for the corre@t setting of
the required angle. and therefore of the required refractive index of
the sample tn be examined.
A particularly accurate working and simple arrangement is obtained
according to a feature of the invention by providing as the optical
element whose light transmission factor has the same dependence on
the angle of light incidence as the measuring plism, in the comparison
light path a prism similar to the measuring prism which borders upon a
medium of refractive index smaller than those nf aJl media within the
measuring range In the comparison light path is further arranged a
gret filter or a diaphragm for lowering the light intensity as
described above. A specially governing mechanism for obtaining equal
angle dependences of the comparison and the measuring light is then
not required.
The comparison by measurement of the two intensity values, in the
measuring branch and in the comparison branch in dependence on the
angle of light incidence is carried out by an arrangement according to
the invention which is represented in Fig. 3 of the accompanying
drawings.
Two prisms 2 and 21 with equal optical constants are arranged in two
light paths from the light source 1. The measuring prism 2 borders
with its hypotenuse surface upon a constant flow cell 3 for the liquid
to be examined, while the comparison prism 21 borders on air. The
light emanatitz from the light source 1 is divided into two equal
light fluxes by the 45 mirrors 4 and 41. The light in the measuring
light path is concentrated upon the measuring prism 2 by the
collective lens 5 in such a wav that the top of the cone which is
built up by the light rays lies at the hypotenuse surface of the
measuring prism, while the light in the com- paison light path is
concentrated by the collective lens 51 in the same manner upon the
hypotenuse surface of the comparison prism 21. The reflected light
emerging from the prisms passes respectively to the mirrors 6 and 6l,
capable of synchronous swivelling, and thence through telescopes
focussed for infinity, symbolized by collective lenses 7 and 71, and
reach slit diaphragms 8 ana 81 respect tively, as images of the field
of view of the telescopes. The slit diaphragms are represented in Fig.
3 as rotated through 901".

The hatching symbolizes that the line characterizing the critical
angle of total reflection in the field of view of the telscope 7
imaged on the plane of the slit diaphragm 8 just coincides with the
centre line of the slit, while a bright part of the field of view of
the telescope 71 lies within the slit 81. The intensity of the light
illuminating slit 8l is however lowered to such an extent that it
corresponds to curve
C of Fig. 1. The two light paths are alternatingly opened by means of
the flicker diaphragm 10 rotated by the motor 9. Thereby the two exit
pupils of the telescopes (7, 71) are alteruatingly and periodically
imaged on the same part of the cathode of the photo-electric cell 11
by means of further collective lenses 12 or 121. The light impulses
(50 per second) are transformed into current impulses in the
photo-electric cell. The alternating component of the voltage obtained
is amplified by an A. C. amplifier 1.3 and applied to the measuring
coil of an indue- tion motor 14, whose auxiliary coil is connected to
the ,50 cycle mains. According to the phase conditions of the
measuring voltage the motor will start in the one or the other
direction. It drives the point wheels 15,151 which swivel the mirrors
(; and 61 synchronously. Furthermore the pen of a recording device is
guided by means of a worm-wheel 16, and the recording drum 17 is
rotated at constant speed, e.g. by a clockwork.
In the comparison light path a grey wedge 18 is provided, by which the
intensity values of the comparison light are lowered to such an extent
that in branch B they coincide with curve C of
F'ig. 1. With this setting of the grey wedge 18 the auxiliary curve C
is determined for the inflection points of all measuring curves. The
function of the arrangement is as follows:-
After pouring in the liquid to be measured in the constant flow cell
3. a part of the cone of light impinging upon the hypotenuse surface
of the measurin prism 2 is reflected by this surface and then impinges
upon mirror 6. The light ray which impinges under the critical angle
of total reflection upon the reflecting surface of the prism 2 borders
that reflected part of the cone of light. On account of the angular
position of the coupled mirrors 6 and 61 the bordering line between
the field of different luminance corresponding to the critical angle
of total reflection appears in the plane of the slit diaphragm 8 below
or above the centre line of the slit. If the voltage supplied by the
photo-electrie cell 11 and amplified by the amplifier 13 is now
applied to the motor 14, it will begin to run, and as a consequence of
suitable choice of the phase difference between the main and the
auxiliary field, always in that sense of rotation in which the
swivelling of the mirrors 6 and 61 produces a reduction of the
difference between the light flux energies projected alternatingly on

the photo-electric cell 11. By choosing the intensity of the light in
the comparison light path according to the above mentoned conditions,
that means, shape of the light intensity curve corresponding to curve
C in Fig. 1, the position of equilibrium is attained when the charac@
teristic line of the field of view-as shown-coincides with the centre
line of the slit. If this position is obtained tbe alternating current
will disappear and the motor stops. The pen of the recording device
has also come to a standstill and marts a value, which corresponds to
the refractive index measured at the time.
In Fig. 3 an eccentric cam 19 is represented driving the grey wedge
18. This may replace the components 21 and 61 in another form of
construction of the measuring arrangement. The compensation of the
angular dependence of the light intensity reflected by the measuring
pris@ 2 and the reduction of the intensit of th comparison light to an
extent given b curve C of Fig. 1 is there effected solely by the wedge
18 governed synchronously with the mirror G.
A governing element for driving the grey wedge 18 can. however. also
be employed in conjunction with the comparison prism arrangement 21,
61, if the sensibility of the refractometer is so high that any
irregularities in the light distribution caused e.g. by the
manufacture of the light source gain influence on the measurement.
These irregularities in the light distribution which must be
determined empirically, and are dependent on the direction can be
entirely eliminated by a light governor of the kind described.
What we claim is:
1. An arrangement for measuring the refractive indes of a light
transniitting medium by determining the critical angle of total
reflection of the light reflected by that medium comprising optical
elements for splitting the light used for measurement into two
component beams, arranged in the measuring light said prism bordering
with its hypotenuse surface on the medium to be measured, an optical
element serving for compensation of the angular dependence of the
light intensity reflected by the measuring prism, a further optical
element for the reduction of the intensity of the comparison light.
both said elements arranged in the comparison li,,xlat path, a lens
for concentrating the measuring light upon the measuring prism in such
a way that the top of the cone of light which consists of the
measuring light rays lies at the hypotenuse surface of said measuring
prism, a swivelling mirror arranged in the measuring light path behind
the measuring prism a scale being coupled to said mirror, and
calibrated in refractive index values, two slit diaphragms arranged in
the measuring and the comparison light Path respeetively after said
prism and elements two telescopes focussed for infinity and arranged
so that they receive. light from the prism and elements respectively

and produce images of their field of view in the plane of said slit
diaphragms respectively, a photoelectric cell, a measuring instrument
for indicating the voltage produced by said photoelectric cell,
optical elements for imaging the exit pupils of said telescopes on the
cathode of said photoelectric cell and a flicker diaphragm for
interrupting alternately the measuring and the comparison light.
2. An arrangement as in Claim 1 in which said photoelectric cell is
coupled to an A.C. amplifier, the output voltage of which is applied
to the measuring coil at an induction motor whose auxiliary coil is
connected to the mains, said motor serving for swivelling said mirror
arranged in the measuring light path.
:3. An arrangement as in Claims 1 and 2 in which said optical elements
serving for compensation of the angular dependence of the light
intensity reflected by the measuring prism and reduction of the
intensity of the comparison light consist of a grey wedge which is
driven by an eccentric cam synchonously with the swivelling of said
mirror arranged in the measuring light path.
4. An arrangement as in Claims 1 and 2 in which said optical element
serving for compensation of the angular dependence of the light
intensity reflected by the measuring prism consists of a prism having
the same optical constants as the measuring prism and a swivelling
mir@@@ arranged in the comparison light path behind said prism, said
mirror being coupled with the mirror arranged in the measuring lioht
paths, in which further the optical element serving tar reduction of
the mtensity of the comparison light consists of a diaphragm which is
so adjusted that the alternating light intensities acting on said
photoelectric cell are equal when the line which borders two fields of
different luminance in the plane of said slit diaphragm arranged in
the measuring light path coincides with the centre line of this slit.
5. An arrangement as in Claim 2 further comprising a recording device,
the movement of its recording stylus being effected by said induction
motor.
* GB785564 (A)
Description: GB785564 (A)
No title available

PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,564 Date of filing Complete Specification: July 30, 1956.
Application Date: July 29, 1955 No 22042/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 68 ( 1), F 10.
International Classification:-E 2 lc.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Machines for Digging Ditches and the
like.
I, GEORGE WASHINGTON MOSLEY, a British Subject, of 29 Wantage Road,
Wallingford, in the County of Berkshire, do hereby declare the
invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to machines for digging ditches or trenches,
and has for its object to provide a machine for that purpose in which
the bucket is able to move in a straight line in a vertical plane
during each digging stroke so as to provide a plane bottom to the
ditch or trench.
According to the invention, in a machine for digging ditches or
trenches comprising a digging bucket carried by a beam which is
pivotally mounted to enable the bucket to be lowered from an
inoperative position to an operative position, a parallel linkage
suspending the bucket from the beam, and means for swinging the
parallel linkage relatively to the beam to effect a digging stroke,
the beam is moved about its pivot by a liquid pressure ram extending
between the said beam and a fixed point and means are provided to
permit the said beam and a fixed point and means are provided to
permit the beam to swing through a small angle in a vertical plane
during the digging stroke without operation by the ram to enable the
bucket to follow a straight path.
The means for permitting the beam to swing during the digging stroke
may consist of a lost motion connection between the beam and the ram.
The angle of the bucket may be varied by means acting on one of the
suspending links, and a plate may be provided in the bucket for
ejecting soil therefrom The digging stroke of the bucket, and the
varialPrice 3 s 6 d l tion of the bucket angle, as well as the lifting
and lowering of the beam are conveniently effected by liquid-pressure
rams.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig 1

shows a view of the machine in side elevation with the beam in the
operative position and the bucket at the beginning of a working
stroke; Fig 2 shows a similar view with the bucket in an intermediate
position of its stroke; Fig 3 shows a similar view with the bucket
raised to an inoperative position.
Referring to the drawings, the main elements of the machine comprise a
beam A pivotally carried at one end by a support B, a digging bucket C
suspended from the other end of the beam by a parallel linkage D, a
liquid-pressure ram E adapted to raise and lower the beam, a
liquid-pressure ram F adapted to reciprocate the bucket by swinging
the linkage relatively to the beam.
and a liquid-pressure ram G adapted to effect angular adjustment of
the bucket.
The support B comprises a hollow column rotatably mounted by thrust
bearings on a bearing post fixed on a tractor or on a separate
carriage adapted to be drawn by a tractor These are provided on the
tractor or carriage, but not illustrated in the drawings, a pump for
supplying liquid under pressure, preferably oil, to the rams, an oil
reservoir, valves for controlling the supply of oil to the rams, and
means for driving the pump and the rotary support Each ram comprises a
double-acting liquidpressure motor and suitable flexible pipes (not
shown) are provided for supplying oil to, and exhausting oil from each
end of the ram cylinder.
50) 5.5 6; 5 711 840 785,564 The beam comprises boxed channel members
1 pivotally mounted on a pair of lugs 2 on the rotary column 3 by
trunnions 4 A bracket 5 is disposed in an intermediate position on the
beam, nearer to the free end than to the pivoted end thereof The
bracket 5 comprises a pair of vertically disposed plates secured to
opposite sides of the beam Each plate is provided with a slot 6,
substantially parallel to the beam, and adapted to receive a pivot pin
7 carried by the end of a telescopic member comprising the ram E, i e
by the piston-rod 8 of the ram The ram cylinder 9 is pivotally mounted
by trunnions 10 on a pair of lugs 11 on the rotary column 3.
A bracket 12, disposed on the free end of the beam, comprises a pair
of vertically disposed plates secured to opposite sides of the beam
The bracket 12 is of substantially triangular shape, and extends
outwardly and downwardly from the beam Secured to a spindle 13,
rotatably mounted in the bracket 12, is a pair of channel-section bars
or links 14, which are secured at their other ends to a spindle 15,
and which together form one of the elements of the parallel linkage C.
An arm 16, disposed between the plates of the bracket 12 and hinged on
the spindle 13, extends outwardly of the beam, and carries on opposite
sides a pair of plates forming a substantially triangular bracket 17,
having an upwardly extending arm 18 and an outwardly extending arm 19.

3,5 Secured to a spindle 20, rotatably mounted in the arm 19 of the
bracket 17, is a pair of tubular links 21, which are secured at their
other ends to a spindle 22, and which together form a second element
of the parallel linkage C.
The bucket D, which is described in relation to its digging position
illustrated in Fig 1, comprises a pair of substantially horizontal
frame members 23, a pair of forwardly inclined frame members 24, a
transverse frame member 25, and a strong steel plate wall consisting
of a flat horizontal portion 26 and an upwardly curved back portion 27
The base extends slightly beyond 3 o the frame members 24 and
terminates in a bevelled cutting edge 28 The upper end of the back
portion has integral side flanges 29 to which the frame members 23 are
secured and which terminate in ears 30 by 5,5 which the bucket is
pivotally secured to the links 21 A pair of ears 31 serve to secure
the bucket pivotally to the links 14 The bucket is completed by sheet
steel side walls 32.
60) A soil ejector hingedly mounted in the bucket comprises a
rectangular plate 33 which is secured to a pair of arms 34 The arms 34
are hinged about the spindle 15, and have a pair of upstanding ears 35
A link wi; 36 extends between the ears 35 and tnc downwardly extending
corner 37 of the bracket 12, and is pivotally connected to the ears
and to the bracket.
The cylinder 38 of the ram F is mounted by trunnions 39 on a downward
extension 70 of the bracket 5 The piston rod 40 of the ram F is
pivotally connected at 41 to an intermediate point of a lever 42
comprising a pair of arms which extend on opposite sides of the beam
1, and are pivoted on a 75 lug 43 projecting upwardly from the beam.
The free end of the lever is connected by a link 44 to a pair of lugs
45 on the links 14.
The cylinder 46 of the ram G is mounted on the pivot pin 7 carried by
the ram E, the 80 piston-rod 48 being pivotally connected to the arm
18 of the bracket 17.
The machine is adapted to be operated in the following manner Assuming
that it is desired to make a fresh cut in a trench which 85 has been
excavated to its full depth for a certain distance, and in which a
step has been formed by one or more previous cuts in the working face
of the trench, the ram E is operated to lower the beam, and con 90
sequently to lower the bucket into the trench, until the cutting edge
of the bucket is disposed a suitable distance below the edge of the
step and adjacent thereto The piston of the ram F is retracted into
the 95 cylinder 38 to its fullest extent so that the bucket is in its
rearmost position The ram G is then operated to rock the hinged arm 16
upwards or downwards, thereby actuating the links 21 to pivot the
bucket about 100 the spindle 15 until the base 26 has been adjusted to

a horizontal position The ejector plate 33 lies in a mid-position in
the bucket, substantially in line with the links 14 The piston of the
ram E is in equili 10,5 brium, so that the length of the telescopic
member 8, 9 is fixed The pivot pin 7 is disposed in the forward end of
the slot 6, as shown in Figure 1, due to the weight of the beam and of
the parts attached thereto 110 The ram F is now operated to swing the
lever 42 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Figure 1, thus
effecting a working stroke of the bucket If the pivot points 13, 20 of
the parallel linkage C were fixed the 115 bucket would be constrained
to move in an arcuate path According to the invention.
however, the beam is permitted by the lost motion connection
comprising the slot 6 and pivot pin 7, to swing upwardly to a 120
limited extent Such a movement will b 2 effected because the
resistance to downward movement of the horizontally disposed base of
the bucket is greater than the weight of the parts to be lifted The
position 125 assumed by the parts at an intermediate stage of the
working stroke is illustrated in Figure 2 which shows the links 14, 21
in a vertical position The beam is then at its maximum height the
initial position of the 130 effect of allowing the beam to swing to a
limited extent during the working stroke may also be obtained by
releasing the pressure on the forward side of the piston of the ram E,
i e on the side of the piston remote 70 from the piston-rod 8 and
bracket 5 The rams F and G may each be arranged on the opposite side
of the beam to that occupied in the illustrated embodiment.
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* GB785565 (A)
Description: GB785565 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to ultra-high frequency switches

PATENT SPECIFICATION 78.
Date of Application and filing Complete Specifi ' V '4 > 2 No 22224
/55.
j, XApplication made in France on July 30, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
cation Aug 2, 1955.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 39 ( 1), D( 1 OD:1 OF: 15 A: 15 B: 17 A 2
B: 17 B: 18 A: 404:
A>; and 40 ( 5), L 23.
International Classification:-Holj Ho 4 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION " Improvements in or relating to ultra-high
frequency switches We, COMPAGNIE GENERALE DE TELEGRAPHIE SA Ns FIL, a
French body corporate, of 79, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris, France, do
hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
In pulse duplex radars, i e those having a common antenna for both
receiver and transmitter, it is current practice to use electronic
switches called Transmitter-Receiver Switches (T R)
Anti-Transmitter-Receiver Switches (A T R) designed, respectively, to
block the antenna-receiver channel, while the transmitter is emitting,
so that the energy radiated by the latter is directed to the antenna
only and is prevented from reaching the receiver, and to block the
transmitterantenna channel when said transmitter is inoperative, so
that the energy collected by the aerial is entirely fed to the
receiver.
In known systems, the TR switch is usually disposed at the end of a
stub of predetermined length, connecting the receiver to the
transmitter-antenna line; the ATR switch is connected to the same line
by a second stub arranged between the transmitter and the first stub
and spaced from the latter by a quarter wavelength.
It is known to design TR and ATR switches in the following manner:
The switch comprises a gas filled cavity resonator having two
reentrant electrodes bounding a gap On the one hand, the application
between the electrodes of a voltage higher than the ionisation
potential derived from the transmitter causes an arcing discharge to
occur and the resistance of the gap approaches a short-circuit On the
other hand, the energy derived from the aerial delivers an ultra-high
frequency potential difference lower than the ionisation potential of
the gas and is not sufficient to cause the arcing to occur.
lPrice 3 s 6 d l Experience shows that such gas-filled tubes are
short-lived and do not adequately protect the receiver when operating

at high powers.
The present invention relates to a new switch for pulse duplex radars
avoiding the 50 above mentioned disadvantages The switch according to
the invention comprises: a vacuum electron tube having an anode; a
pair of aligned electrodes, separated by a gap, coaxial with said
anode and having surfaces 55 facing the surface of the anode, the
aligned electrodes being hollow and the anode being a rod inside said
electrodes, or said anode being a hollow cylinder and said aligned
electrodes extending at least partly inside said 60 cylinder; at least
one emissive cathode carried by the surface of at least one of said
aligned electrodes facing said anode; terminal connections for raising
said aligned electrodes to a positive potential with respect to said
65 anode; means for applying positive pulses to said anode for causing
said cathode to emit during the duration of said pulses; means for
establishing in the space between said anode and said electrodes a
uniform, axially 70 directed, magnetic field for preventing the
electrons emitted by said cathode from reaching said anode and means
for feeding to said gap the ultra-high frequency energy to be switched
75 The invention will be better understood from the following
description given by way of example considered in conjunction with the
appended drawings in which:
Fig 1 is a longitudinal section of a first 80 embodiment of a TR
switch according to the invention, and very diagrammatically shows the
corresponding circuitry of a pulse radar system; Fig 2 is a
cross-section of the switch on 85 line 2-2 of fig 1; Figs: 3 to 9 are
longitudinal sections of modifications of the switch according to the
invention; According to the embodiment shown in 90 Us era X<-D>,-G,
)3565 figs 1 and 2, the switch according to the invention comprises a
vacuum tight-envelope having a rotational symmetry The electrode
system of the switch comprises an anode 11, shaped as a smooth rod,
and coaxial with the envelope 10 Two identical hollow electrodes 12
and 121 surround the anode 11 These electrodes 12 and 121 are
cylindrical and coaxial The anode 11 is supported inside these
cylindrical electrodes 12 and 12 ' by insulating cross-bars 33 and 331
The respective walls of the electrodes 12 and 12 ' are symmetrically
cut away at the free ends of the latter over the half of their
respective periphery and remaining portions 13 and 131 overhang each
other The inner surface of at least one of the segments 13 and 131 is
completely, or partly, covered with an emissive coating 14 or 14 ',
heated by filaments 15 or 151 Insulating rings 19 and 191 limit the
space where the electrons emitted by the cathode circulate Heating
connections 23 and 23 ' to the filaments 15 and 151 respectively pass
through pole pieces 18 and 18 ', walls 16 and hollow electrodes 12 and
121 respectively.

The walls 16 and 16 ' of a cavity resonator 6, surrounding the
envelope 10, are sealed to the frontal edges of the latter and support
the electrodes 12 and 121 The cavity is coupled, for instance by means
of a loop 35 and a stub 5, to a transmission line 3, connecting a
transmitter 1 to the antenna 4 of the latter and, through a loop 35 ',
to the radar receiver 7 Pole pieces 18 and 181 provide an axially
directed magnetic field within the envelope 10.
Anode 11 is negatively biassed, by a direct current supply source 20
and through a lead 24, with respect to cavity resonator 6 and cathodes
14 and 141 which are grounded.
The pulse generating device of the radar, for instance a modulator 2,
is connected by means of a transmission line and a transformer 22 to
bias positively the anode 11 during each radar pulse A capacity 21
shunts the supply source 20 to ground.
The switch according to the invention operates as follows:
Modulator 2 generates direct current pulses which simultaneously
modulate transmitter 1 and are fed through transformer 22 to anode 11
The latter is thus raised to a positive potential, during the duration
of each pulse, causing the cathodes 14 and 141 to emit The magnetic
field is chosen higher than the critical magnetic field i e such that
the electrons emitted by the cathodes 14 and 14 o never reach the
anode 11 and fall back on segments 13 and 13 ' Advantageously, in
addition to the thermionically emissive cathode surfaces, segments 13
and 131 are provided with' a surface having a high secondary emission
factor If the amplitude of the direct current control pulse is
sufficiently high, the surfaces thus bombarded may emit secondary
electrons, which increases the number of electrons circulating in the
space bounded by anode 11, segments 13 and 13 ' and rings 19 and 191
Simultane 70 ously, the signal incoming from transmitter 1 creates a
high frequency field within the cavity of the resonator 6 The
electrons emitted by sources 14 and 141 are alternately attracted by
electrode 12 and electrode 12 k 75 A strong ultra-high frequency
current shortcircuiting the cavity is thus created in the gap 28
separating these two electrodes.
Under these conditions, as viewed from the input loop 35, the switch
presents a zero 80 impedance during the time intervals when the
transmitter is emitting and the receiver is thus short-circuited
During the time intervals in which the transmitter is not emitting,
the short-circuit vanishes, the cavity is viewed 85 under an infinite
impedance from loop 35 and, as the cavity is in series with the
receiver, the latter receives energy from the aerial.
In the embodiment shown in fig 3, the 90 inner wall of the portions 12
and 12 ' of the hollow electrodes is flared, at 26 and 26 '
respectively, toward the free end of the latter, and the cathodes 14

and 141 are supported on these flared portions The electric fields 95
and 251 thus established have an axial component directed towards the
plane of symmetry AA' of the system The electrons emitted by cathodes
14 and 14 ' are therefore concentrated in the vicinity of this plane
of 100 symmetry i e in the space between the electrodes, thus
increasing the efficiency of the device Instead of being flared over a
portion only of its inner wall, the hollow electrode may have its
inner wall flared over the entire 105 length comprised between the
wall 16 or 16 ' and the portion 13 or 13 ', as shown in fig 4.
Figs 5 and 6 show variations which are identical to figs 3 and 4
respectively, except 110 that the hollow electrodes have no cut-away
portions and accordingly segments 13 and 131 are eliminated.
Fig 7 is similar to fig 6 with the difference that the inner surface
of electrodes 12 is 115 cylindrical and the outer surface is tapered.
Anode 11 has the shape of two symmetrical frusto-cones the common base
of which lies in the plane of symmetry A-A'.
The above-described switches may be used 120 as T R or A T R switches
In this latter case the switch is connected as shown in fig 1.
The tube of fig 8 is more particularly adapted to be used as an A T R
switch and 125 to be matched to a co-axial line, for instance a
co-axial line 8.
In this embodiment cathode 14 is carried by electrode 12 only
Electrode 12 ' is directly connected to the inner conductor 29 of the
130 co-axial line 8, the envelope of which is sealed at the end by
plate 36 thus forming a resonant stub The magnetic field will, in this
case, be produced by an electromagnet 785,565 a uniform, axially
directed, magnetic field for preventing the electrons emitted by said
cathode from reaching said anode and means 55 for feeding to said gap
the ultra-high frequency energy to be switched.
2 A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said hollow electrodes each
have at their free end a cut away portion, the respective cut 60 away
portions of the two electrodes being symmetrical and overhanging each
other.
3 A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein the interior surface of said
hollow electrodes comprises a portion flared toward said gap 65 4 A
switch as claimed in claim 3 wherein said emissive cathode is carried
by at least one of said flared portions.
A switch as claimed in claim 1 wherein the surface of said anode is in
the shape of 70 two similar frusto cones connected by their respective
bases.
6 A pulse modulated radar circuit comprising: an ultra-high frequency
switch as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, 75 a transmitter
for radiating ultra-high frequency energy, means for generating direct
current pulses for pulsing said energy.

7 A pulse modulated radar circuit as claimed in claim 6, further
comprising an 80 aerial and a transmission line for connecting said
transmitter to said aerial; a coaxial stub having an inner and an
outer conductor having respective ends and respectively con-' nected
to said transmission line by one of 85 said ends; a plate
short-circuiting the outer conductor at its other end, said aligned
electrodes being respectively secured to said plate and to said inner
conductor.
8 An ultra-high frequency switch sub 90 stantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, or any one of Figures 3
to 9 of the accompanying drawings.
9 A pulse modulated radar circuit, substantially as hereinbefore
described with 95 reference to Figures 1 and 2, or Figures, 1 and 2
with the modifications of any one of Figures 3 to 9, of the
accompanying drawings.
HASELTINE, LAKE & CO, 28, Southampton Buildings, London, W C 2, Agents
for the Applicants.
30, which provides yet one axially directed magnetic field within
envelope 10.
As in the case of the previous figures and in the same manner, the
resonant stub associated to the tube is short-circuited during the
duration of the transmitter pulses.
The electrons emitted by cathode 14 impinge on surface 27 ' of
electrode 121 and cause a secondary emission The secondary electrons
fall back on surface 27 of electrode 12, so that the phenomenon is
repeated again and again.
The cavity resonator is bounded by the wall 36 and the length of the
line 8 is selected in such a manner as to restore to line 3 an
infinite impedance.
Conversely, between the pulses, the cavity presents an infinite
impedance and the impedance viewed from the point where lines 8 and 3
are connected is nil The transmitter 1 is then short-circuited.
Fig 9 shows another embodiment of the invention wherein the anode is
formed by a cylinder 31, secured to a disc 32 sealed to the wall 10 of
the tube.
Disc 32 might, of course, be substituted by a plurality of radial rods
fitted in the wall of the tube.
The above described tube according to the invention has no inertia due
to ionisation in contradistinction to what occurs in conventional
tubes and has no longer life.
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* GB785566 (A)
Description: GB785566 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to apparatus for use in conveying and elevating
goods
'COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements, in or relating to Apparatus for use in Conveying and
Elevating Goods
I, KENNETH MILLER, of 150 Glenpark
Avenue, sDunedin, Otago in the Dominion
of New Zealand, a British Subject and New
Zealand citizen, do hereby declare the invention for which I pray that
a patent may be
granted to. me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularlv described
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus for use
in conveying and elevating goods, and is particularly, though not
solely, lapplicable to the
conveying and elevating of goods to a store
or stack. The goods in quesnon may be any
goods such as sacks or packages of various
commodities.
One typical use d the invention is in the carrying of bagged goods
from a roadway or
truck and their conveying land elevating to. a discharge point on a
landing or platform on the first floor of a store building.
;The principal objet of the present invent tion is to provide a
convenient and effective
conveying and elevating apparatus, by the use of which, in its

preferred form, a steep angle of lift can be obtained and the base of
support can accordingly ibe kept within reasonable limits.
Accordingly, the invention consists in
apparatus for conveying and elevating goods, comprising a framework,
an associated trough along and up which the goods can be conveyed and
elevated, a continuously drivable endless primary elevating conveyor
carried from the framework and associated with the tough, the said
primary elevating conveyor comprising endless conveyor chains
connected by cross-bars which are adapted in use to engage beneath the
goods at distance out from the trough bottom, so as to support the
goods and advance them up the trough, and a continuously drivable
secondary conveyor to convey the goods from the primary elevating
conveyor to the required point of ultimate dis
charge or unloading, the secondary conveyor being adjustable as to
angular elevation in restation to the primary conveyor and securable
and operable lat desired adjustments of angle lar elevation.
The adjustable secondary conveyor may be of substantially conventional
design or it may embody !a trough as in the primary elevating
conveyor.
When being transported from place to place for use, or in storage, it
is la:a advantage of the preferred fonn of the invention that the
secondary conveyor can ibe folded downwards so as to enable the
apparatus to occupy less space.
A suitable power drive is preferably provided to actuate the
conveyort.
In one preferred arrangement, an electric motor is the power unit,
with a chaindrive arrangement to. drive both the primary elevating
conveyor and the adjustable secondary conveyor.
Preferably the travel rate of the secondary conveyor is appreciably
faster than the travel rate of the primary elevating conveyor, as
thereby goods delivered from the top of the primary elevating conveyor
onto the adjustable secondary conveyor will be moved away on the
latter at a rate of movement sufficiently fast to avoid interference
therewith by the rearward movement of the lifting bars on the primary
elevating conveyor.
One preferred form of the invention will now be described with
reference to the accom- paning partly diagrammatic drawings, in which:
'Figure 1 is a side elevation thereof, with the secondary conveyor
shown in full lines in its lowest position and in two other positions
in broken lines,
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the adjacent ends of the
primary and secondary conveyors, on the line 2-2 Figure 3,.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectien through the primary conveyor, on the plane
3-3 in

Figure 2,
Figure 4 is la cross section through the secondary conveyor on the
plane 4-4 in
Figure 2,
Figure 5 is a section on the line '5-5 Figure
1, showing the adjusting winch, and
Figure 6 is a cross-section on the line 6-6
Figure 1, showing the top of the primary elevating conveyor and the
adjacent lower end
of the secondary conveyor.
In the construction shown in the drawings, a primary elevating
conveyor is indicated by the numeral 1 and the secondary conveyor part
by the numeral 4. The primary elevating conveyor is shown as mounted
on a frame
work having a base 5, and stayed by a stay 6 and not adjustable as to
angular elevation in relation b the said framework. Wheels,
casters or the like 7 on the base 5 facilitate mobility of the
apparatus and are preferably mounted for steering, the wheels at
opposite sides being connected bp traclcrods and having manually
controllable steering shafts .7a
associated therewith
Referring particularly to Figures 2, 3 and
6 the primary elevating conveyor 1 comprises a lengthy trough 8 having
longitudinal bottom boards or members 8lob, and the longitudinal side
boards or members 8a of which are spaced from outer side members 10
and secured thereto by packing or distance pieces 9. The side members
10 may be wooden beams or light stringers. At the upper and lower ends
of the side members 10 and 8a bearings 1 Ia and lob are provided for
short upper rotatable shafts 11 and a corresponding long lower shaft,
on both of which chain wheels 12 and 12a are fixed, inside the side
members 10.
Suitable endless elevator ,chains 13 are carried around the upper and
lower chain wheels
12 and 12a, and pusher or lifting crossbars
14 are attached to the chains transversely, and
are adapted in use to engage beneath the goods so as to support the
same and advance them up the trough. In Figures 2, 3 and 6 the bars 14
are shown as passing upwards in front of the trough 8 and downwards
under the said trough. On the underside of the trough sagging of the
chain ss suitably minimised or prevented. The rollers of the upper or
outer lays 13b of the chains travel on runW ners 15 carried on rails
t5Ta fixed to the blocks 9.
The bottom boards or slides 8b and sides 3a are connected by straps 8c
to which they are fixed, and behind which the bottom lay

13a is located.
The side members 10 are connected by straps 10a welded to frame
members 10b.
The upper rotatable shafts 11 are located between the trough sides ,8s
and side members JIOJ and mount driven chain wheels 16 which are
driven' by chains 17 from driving chain wheels 18 fixed on opposite
ends of a shaft 26 associated with the secondary conveyor, the shaft
26 also having fixed to it a driven pulley or chain wheel 19 driven'
by a belt, chain or the like 22 from a smaller wheel 23 on the shaft
of a reversible electric motor 24. By this means the speed of rotation
is reduced so that the chain wheels 12 will revolve at a suitably slow
speed.
The effect of the above arrangement is that the upper chain wheels are
carried on short shafts located clear of the troughs and at the sides
thereof, thus permitting upward discharge of the goods from the
elevating conveyor past the upper chain wheels 12. As the
short shafts are geared together by chain gearing the chains 13 move
together.
Plate brackets 25 project out yards from the frame under or behind the
top end of the primary elevating conveyor, or from the stays 6. A hole
is made in each bracket 25 to pivotally receive an axial extension 27a
of a;bearing housing 21a for a bearing 2.7 carrying the rotatable
shaft 26, so ;that the bearing housing acts as a pivot for the
secondary conveyor 4, whereby the secondary conveyor is pivotally
mounted on the frame, and the said shaft acts as the driving shaft of
the said secondary conveyor. The construction is such that the endless
conveyor chains 29 of the secondary conveyor travel at a speed
appreciably faster than the speed of travel of the chains 13 of the
primary elevating conveyor 1, thus effectively removing the goods from
the primary elevating conveyor without jamming.
Referring more particularly to Figures 2, 4 and 6 of the drawings, the
secondary conveyor frame comprises side boards or members 30 joined by
spacing bars 31, and carrying shafts for the secondary conveyor chain
wheels.
iCarrier or pusher bars 32 are attached to the conveyor chains 29, and
There is a flat floor or board 33 on which the goods slide.
Strips 34 un the under edges of the side boards or members support the
ends of the carrier or pusher bars 32 on the bottom lay to prevent or
limit sagging of the chains.
Ar the outer terminal end of the secondary conveyor 4 a freely
rotatable shaft 315 is carried in suitable bearings, not shoxvn,
.associated with the side boards or members 30 and mounts chain
wheels 36 around which the conveyor chains 29 pass.
The arrangement of the pivotal mounting of the secondary conveyor 4 on

the axis of the shaft 26 is such that goods pass off the primary
elevating conveyor 1 onto the secondary conveyor 4 as the elevator
lifting bars turn rearwards around the top chain wheels 12 of the
primary elevating conveyor.
In Figure 2, a bag 317 is indicated as resting on the lifting Ibar 14
and sliding in the trough 8.
In one successful adaptation of the invention, the primary elevating
conveyor chains travel at a rate of about 70 feet per minute, and the
secondary conveyor chains travel iat a rate of about 93 feet per
minute.
Mechanical means 38 are provided to raise and lower the terminal end
of the adjustable secondary conveyor, the said mechanical means
comprising a pair d winch drums 39 fixed on a shaft 40 running in
bearings 41 fixed to the framework, with an irreversibie worm drive 42
to the shaft 40 from a handle 43. Wires, light cables or the like 49
from the drums pass over pulleys 44 rotatably carried by the
framework, and extend downwards from said pulleys 44 to a suitable
point or points of .attachment at the lower end of a prop 45 which has
at its lower end slides or rollers 46 running in guide tracks 47 in
the frame, the upper end of the prop 45 being pivotted to the
secondary conveyor 4 at 48, at a distance from the pivot of the said
secondary conveyor. As the slides or rollers are moved along the
track, the angle of elevation of the secondary conveyor is varied. The
irreversibility of the worm secures the secondary conveyor at the
desired angular eleovations.
The depth of the trough in the primary elevating conveyor extends from
the outer lay of the chains inwards past the axes of the conveyor
chain driving wheels and idler wheels towards the return lays of .the
said chains.
In operation, assuming that ,the apparatus has been set up in an
appropriate position and that the secondary conveyor has been ad-
justed to the desired angle and elevation Iby use of the winch
mechanism hereinbefore described so as to enable discharge or
unloading at the desired elevation above the Iground, the electric
motor is switched on and the two conveyors lare thus continuously
driven through their respective chain drives.
Goods, such as bags of produce, can now be placed successively on the
cross ,bars 14 after the said cross bars commence to move upwards at
the front of the apparatus. The cross blares 14 engage the goods
sufficiently far out from the trough to enable the conveyor to operate
in a steep position, and slide the goods upwards along the bottom
'boards or members 8b.
The goods from the primary elevating conveyor are picked up on the
faster moving 'secondary conveyor cross bars and either discharged

over the end of the secondary conveyor or removed from The latter,
as desired.
When not in use, the secondary conveyor can be folded downwards so as
to enable the apparatus to occupy less space.
What I claim is: -
1. Apparatus for conveying and elevating goods, comprising a
framework, an associated tough along and up which the goods can be
conveyed and elevated, a continuously drivable endless primary
elevating conveyor carried from the framework and associated with the
trough, the said primary elevating conveyor comprising endless
conveyor chains connetted by crossbars which are adapted in use to
engage beneath the goods at a distance out from the trough bottom, so
as to support the goods and advance them up the ,troughs iand a
continuously drivable secondary conveyor to convey the goods from the
primary elevating conveyor to the required point of ultimate discharge
or unloading, the secondary conveyor being adjus.tafble as to angular
elevation in relation to the primary conveyor and securable and
operable at desired adjustments of 'angular elevation.
2 Apparratus as claimed in 'Claim 1, wherein the said framework is a
portable wheeled framework.
3. Apparatus as 'claimed in Claim 2, wherein manually controllable
steering mechanism is associated with the wheels on which the
framework is supported.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein
the primary elevating conveyor and the secondary conveyor are power
driven.
the depth of the trough extends from the outer lay of the primary
elevating conveyor chains inwards past the axesl of the primary
elevating conveyor chain driving wheels and idler wheels toward the
return lays of the said chains.
16. Apparatus as 'claimed in Claim 5, wherein the said trough
comprises suitably ,connected longitudinal boards or members along
which the goods are slid by the crossbars.
17. Apparatus as claimed in elther one of
Claims 5 and 16, wherein the upper primary elevating conveyor chain
wheels are carried on short shafts located clear of ,the said troughs
and at the sides thereof, to permit upward discharge of the goods from
the primary elevating conveyor past the upper chain wheels, the short
laxles being geared together in order that the chains will move
together.
8. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the lower chain wheels are
fixed to a lower shaft.

the upper or outer lay lof the primary elevating conveyor travels on
runners.
'10. Apparatus las claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein
the construction is such that the secondary conveyor operates at a
faster speed than the primary elevoting conveyor, so as to,
effectively remove the goods from the primary elevating conveyor
without jamming.
11. Apparatus as claimed in lany one of the preceding claims, wherein
the primary elevating conveyor is not adjustable as to {anlgu- lar
elevation in relation to the framework.
12. Apparatus ras claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein
the secondary cons veyor can be folded downwards so as to enable the
apparatus to occupy less space when not in use..
* GB785567 (A)
Description: GB785567 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Pressure regulator for gaseous and liquid media
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,567 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Aug 5,
1955.
No 22654/55.
Application made in Germany on Sept 30, 1954.
(Patent of Addition to No 779,909, dated Oct 21, 1954).
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 103 ( 1), F 1 B( 9 X: X), F 3 M; and 135,
VL( 2 D 1) 4 D).
International Classification:-B 61 h F 06 k.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Pressure Regulator for Gaseous and Liquid Media We, HEINZ TEVES and
ERNST AUGUST TEVES, both German Citizens trading as ALFRED TEVES
MASCEINEN UND ARMATURENFABRIK KOMMANDIT 'GESELLSCHAFT, of 41-53,
Rebstbcker Strasse, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, do hereby declare the
invention, for which 'we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and

the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
In our Patent Application No 30358/54 (Serial No 779,909) a pressure
regulator for gaseous and liquid media, allows pressure to be
regulated in a pipe in any desired dependence on changing pressure in
another pipei.e a constant or variable pressure ratio.
Furthermore, the pressure in a branch pipe can naturally also be
regulated in dependence on the pressure in the main pipe In the
pressure regulator of application No 3035,8/54, a displaceable control
member, valve, slider or the like is arranged under spring pressure
between a Thigh and a low-pressure pipe or between a pressure pipe and
a branch pipe.
The closure part of the control member is operated by a control member
displaceable under the action of low pressure and subjected to spring
pressure According to that Application at least one of the two springs
can have a curved characteristic if the pressure ratio is intended to
change in dependence on, pressure.
The invention relates to a further development and improvement of the
invention according to Patent Application 30358/54 (Serial No 779,909)
and consists in that the piston operating the closure member is
subjected to the action of the primary pressure or high pressure, and
not as in that application to the action' of the secondary or low
pressure In the pressure regulator according to Patent Application No
30358/54 (Serial' No 779,909) reduction of the secondary pressure as a
consequence of a reduction in primary pressure is not independent of
the volume passing through the regulator, and the disadvantage results
from this that the depenlp.ic' dence of the secondary pressure on the
primary pressure upon reduction in primary pressure does not coincide
with the dependence arising upon an increase in primary pressure There
is thus no clear co-oidination of the pressures' in the low and
high-pressure spaces, Furthermore, when the pressure regulator is used
to distribute braking force, the desired dependence between primary
and secondary pressures is such that the secondary pressure only
alters slightly as compared to the primary pressure at high primary
pressures.
Adjustment of the flow-regulating piston to pressure changes is thus
relatively insensitive.
This disadvantage is also removed, by feeding primary pressure to the
control piston according to the invention.
The accompanying drawing shows a diagram of the pressure regulator
according to the invention.
The pipe 2 coming from the pressure source opens out into the housing
1 A control member 3, is displaceably arranged in the housing 1, and
bears against an abutment 51 via a spring 4 The control member 3 has a

bore 6 whereof the aperture serves as a seat for a closure part 7, in
the present constructional example a ball The closure part 7 is
subjectedl to the pressure of a spring 18 The pressure means allowed
to pass by the control member enters the chamber 9 The pipe 10
receiving secondary pressure is connected to this chamber The closure
part 7 is operated by a pressure rod 11 of a piston 12 The pressure
rod is led through a housing wall 13 in pressure-sealed manner The
piston 12 bears against an adjusting screw 15 ' via a spring 14 The
space 1,6 wherein the piston 12 is arranged communicates with the
space 17 and the pipe 2 via a pipe 18 This form of construction
differs from the form of construction according to Patent Application
No 30358/54 by the arrangement of the housing wall 13, through which
the pressure rod is led in pressuresealed manner, and the arrangement
of the communicating pipe 18.
The method of operation of the regulator according to the invention
only differs from the regulator according to the Patent Application No
303 t 58/54 (Serial No 7 J 79,9 09) in that the piston 12 and thus the
closure part 7 are controlled by the delivery of primary pressure The
regulator has the same fields of use as those named in Patent
Application No.
3.0358/54 (Serial No 779,909).
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