This document summarizes the findings of a Nature poll and interviews with researchers and administrators on the use of quantitative metrics in evaluating scientific performance and career decisions. The poll found that most researchers believe metrics are heavily used in hiring, promotion, and tenure decisions, whereas administrators said metrics are not relied on as much. There appears to be a disconnect between how researchers and administrators view the role of metrics. While metrics provide transparency, overemphasis on metrics alone could compromise scientific values and encourage "gaming" of the system.
The dos and don'ts in individudal level bibliometricsPaul Wouters
The document discusses dos and don'ts for using bibliometrics to evaluate individual scientists. It outlines 10 things that should not be done: 1) Reduce performance to a single number, 2) Use impact factors as quality measures, 3) Apply hidden bibliometric filters for selection, 4) Apply arbitrary weights to co-authorship, 5) Rank scientists based on one indicator, 6) Merge incommensurable measures, 7) Use flawed statistics, 8) Blindly trust one-hit wonders, 9) Compare performance across different domains, and 10) Allow deadlines to compromise good practices.
Assessing research performance: missions and metricsPaul Wouters
1. The document discusses the use of metrics to evaluate research performance and the problems that arise when metrics are used inappropriately or without consideration of their limitations.
2. It notes that while metrics were intended to complement expert review, there is now a discrepancy between evaluation criteria and the true functions of science.
3. The document examines theories around citation behavior and how citations are influenced by persuasive and strategic motivations rather than just reflecting scientific impact or merit. This complicates the use of citations and bibliometrics as evaluation measures.
This document discusses author-level bibliometrics and the multi-dimensional research assessment matrix. It presents the matrix, which outlines different units of assessment, purposes of assessment, output dimensions, and appropriate bibliometric and other indicators for evaluation. The document also provides examples of how bibliometric indicators can be used to operationalize different policy issues and measures. It notes challenges such as evaluating individuals based on collaborative work and the need for multiple indicators and expert review in research assessment.
Experimental design aims to describe or explain how variables change under hypothesized conditions. However, it has some weaknesses and issues. It can only examine the direct impact of one or two factors rather than complex relationships. Randomization removes the effects of other variables but also removes important contextual information. There are also threats to internal validity like history effects, maturation, testing, and selection bias. External validity can be undermined if samples are not representative or conditions are artificial. Practical challenges include how much to disclose to participants, sample sizes, recruitment methods, and ensuring interventions are applied consistently. Ethical issues involve voluntary and informed consent, avoiding harm, and maintaining anonymity and confidentiality.
Presentation given at the 2012 UNM Jump Start Institute on April 28, 2012.
Research and Academic Integrity
a. Facilitators:
i. William L. Gannon, Ph.D., Director, UNM Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research, Office of the Vice President for Research (OVPR)
ii. Gary Harrison, Ph.D., Dean, Office of Graduate Studies (OGS).
This presentation was provided by Dave Kochalko of Artifacts during the NISO event, "Is This Still Working? Incentives to Publish, Metrics, and New Reward Systems," held on February 20, 2019.
This document discusses different types of research studies and their purposes. It describes observational studies like cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies. It also discusses experimental studies like randomized controlled trials. Key aspects of valid research studies discussed include accuracy, precision, and minimizing biases and errors. The ideal research study is described as accurate, free of bias and confounding, with no sampling errors and appropriate confidence intervals and p-values.
The document presents the Survey Refusal Model developed by Galit Sinai Karmona in her PhD dissertation. The model describes how individual characteristics and their social environment impact their decision to refuse or participate in surveys. The model was empirically examined using data from the European Social Survey. The results showed that characteristics at the individual, social, and cultural levels shape how individuals interpret survey requests and decide to refuse or participate. The conclusions provide tools for researchers to minimize survey error from refusal by reducing refusal rates, adjusting weights, and recognizing limitations when generalizing results.
The dos and don'ts in individudal level bibliometricsPaul Wouters
The document discusses dos and don'ts for using bibliometrics to evaluate individual scientists. It outlines 10 things that should not be done: 1) Reduce performance to a single number, 2) Use impact factors as quality measures, 3) Apply hidden bibliometric filters for selection, 4) Apply arbitrary weights to co-authorship, 5) Rank scientists based on one indicator, 6) Merge incommensurable measures, 7) Use flawed statistics, 8) Blindly trust one-hit wonders, 9) Compare performance across different domains, and 10) Allow deadlines to compromise good practices.
Assessing research performance: missions and metricsPaul Wouters
1. The document discusses the use of metrics to evaluate research performance and the problems that arise when metrics are used inappropriately or without consideration of their limitations.
2. It notes that while metrics were intended to complement expert review, there is now a discrepancy between evaluation criteria and the true functions of science.
3. The document examines theories around citation behavior and how citations are influenced by persuasive and strategic motivations rather than just reflecting scientific impact or merit. This complicates the use of citations and bibliometrics as evaluation measures.
This document discusses author-level bibliometrics and the multi-dimensional research assessment matrix. It presents the matrix, which outlines different units of assessment, purposes of assessment, output dimensions, and appropriate bibliometric and other indicators for evaluation. The document also provides examples of how bibliometric indicators can be used to operationalize different policy issues and measures. It notes challenges such as evaluating individuals based on collaborative work and the need for multiple indicators and expert review in research assessment.
Experimental design aims to describe or explain how variables change under hypothesized conditions. However, it has some weaknesses and issues. It can only examine the direct impact of one or two factors rather than complex relationships. Randomization removes the effects of other variables but also removes important contextual information. There are also threats to internal validity like history effects, maturation, testing, and selection bias. External validity can be undermined if samples are not representative or conditions are artificial. Practical challenges include how much to disclose to participants, sample sizes, recruitment methods, and ensuring interventions are applied consistently. Ethical issues involve voluntary and informed consent, avoiding harm, and maintaining anonymity and confidentiality.
Presentation given at the 2012 UNM Jump Start Institute on April 28, 2012.
Research and Academic Integrity
a. Facilitators:
i. William L. Gannon, Ph.D., Director, UNM Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research, Office of the Vice President for Research (OVPR)
ii. Gary Harrison, Ph.D., Dean, Office of Graduate Studies (OGS).
This presentation was provided by Dave Kochalko of Artifacts during the NISO event, "Is This Still Working? Incentives to Publish, Metrics, and New Reward Systems," held on February 20, 2019.
This document discusses different types of research studies and their purposes. It describes observational studies like cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies. It also discusses experimental studies like randomized controlled trials. Key aspects of valid research studies discussed include accuracy, precision, and minimizing biases and errors. The ideal research study is described as accurate, free of bias and confounding, with no sampling errors and appropriate confidence intervals and p-values.
The document presents the Survey Refusal Model developed by Galit Sinai Karmona in her PhD dissertation. The model describes how individual characteristics and their social environment impact their decision to refuse or participate in surveys. The model was empirically examined using data from the European Social Survey. The results showed that characteristics at the individual, social, and cultural levels shape how individuals interpret survey requests and decide to refuse or participate. The conclusions provide tools for researchers to minimize survey error from refusal by reducing refusal rates, adjusting weights, and recognizing limitations when generalizing results.
Quality assessment in systematic literature reviewJingjing Lin
This tutorial is to introduce the definition, process, and tools of quality assessment in the systematic literature review.
If you are new to my channel, you can check out the previous events together with this one to get started with the systematic literature review as a research approach.
EP11 Systematic Literature Review Planning: workflow, literature scoping, and review protocol (https://youtu.be/qukb-VytjxQ)
EP12 Develop search strategy: fishing relevant literature for your research (https://youtu.be/9cH5I03jbg0)
EP13 Literature screening: inclusion and exclusion
(https://youtu.be/BCdveqka-E4)
You can browse other previous research sharing in this YouTube list of mine (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...)
Please kindly subscribe if you want to be reminded when I have new videos published on YouTube.
This document discusses how to match research questions to appropriate research designs. It notes that different types of questions, like those asking about effects versus non-effects, require different designs. Experimental designs with control groups have high internal validity but low generalizability, while surveys have lower validity but more applicability. The best design also depends on feasibility, prior research, and the maturity of the topic being studied. A variety of designs providing converging evidence is ideal.
The document outlines various aspects of empirical research studies including sampling methods, measures, design, analysis, and conclusions. It discusses sampling procedures, measures of stressors and outcomes, research design types, variables that are controlled for, and issues with determining causality from evidence. Minimum quality criteria for research designs are also presented focusing on randomized controlled trials, experiments, and longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
This document outlines the process for conducting a systematic review. It defines a systematic review as a review that uses explicit and reproducible methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research and collect and analyze data from the included studies. It notes that systematic reviews help address biases and provide more robust evidence than individual studies. The document describes the key steps in a systematic review as developing a focused question, performing a comprehensive search, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessing study quality, extracting data, performing meta-analyses if appropriate, and interpreting results. It also discusses challenges such as ensuring systematic reviews address developing world priorities and include studies conducted in those settings.
This document discusses different types of errors that can occur in survey research. It defines sampling error as occurring when a sample is not truly representative of the population, and notes that sampling error decreases with more homogeneous populations and is eliminated with a census. Total error has two components: sampling error and non-sampling error. Non-sampling error includes errors from non-response, response errors, and researcher errors like incorrectly defining the target population or using a flawed sampling frame. Response errors occur when respondents provide inaccurate answers or their responses are misrecorded or misanalyzed. Researcher errors can also stem from using surrogate information instead of desired data or having measurement errors in question wording or response recording and analysis.
This document summarizes a literature survey of research-paper recommender systems. Over 200 research articles on the topic have been published in the past 16 years. The survey analyzed 127 articles in-depth to understand recommendation approaches. Content-based filtering was the most common approach used in 55% of reviewed systems. The survey found limitations including a lack of standardized evaluations, neglect of user modeling, and few systems being adopted in practice. It concluded that the field needs a common evaluation framework, agreement on information provided in papers, and focus on non-accuracy aspects to improve research-paper recommender systems.
Cases from COPE - fabrications and falsifications of data, managing retractio...ARDC
This document discusses publication ethics cases from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) involving data issues and corrections to the literature. It provides statistics on types of misconduct found in COPE cases from 1997 to 2012, including fabrication, selective reporting, and image manipulation. It also discusses the diversity of data and correction issues seen in cases, how cases can be complex and take years to resolve, and tensions between institutions and journals in managing corrections. Three illustrative case examples are presented involving issues like data manipulation, handling admissions of fraud, and concerns arising from reanalysis of published data. The document concludes with references to COPE resources on retractions, corrections, and debates around amending published articles.
Methods Pyramids as an Organizing Structure for Evidence-Based Medicine--SIGC...jodischneider
Keynote talk 2020-08-01 for the JCDL Workshop on Conceptual Models: https://sig-cm.github.io/news/JCDL-2020-CFP/
Discussion points:
* Methods are a key part of the Knowledge Organizing Structure for Evidence-Based Medicine.
* Methods relate to how we GENERATE evidence.
* Different methods generate evidence of different kinds and strength.
* I believe Methods can be useful in mining claims and arguments from papers: methods AUTHORIZE claims.
* More specialized hierarchies of evidence can be found in medicine
* Various groups are complicating the “evidence pyramid” hierarchy of evidence.
This presentation was provided by Todd Carpenter of NISO and Nicky Agate of Columbia University during the NISO event, "Is This Still Working? Incentives to Publish, Metrics, and New Reward Systems," held on February 20, 2019.
This document outlines principles of data collection and measurement for research. It discusses different levels of measurement including nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. It also covers selecting appropriate data collection methods and instruments, ensuring validity and reliability of instruments, and criteria for evaluating data collection procedures. Common data collection methods are described such as questionnaires, interviews and observation.
Observational studies should always be considered for inclusion in comparative effectiveness reviews. When deciding whether to include observational studies to assess benefits, reviewers should first determine if there are gaps in evidence from randomized controlled trials. When assessing harms, cohort and case-control studies should be routinely included. If gaps in trial evidence are identified, the review questions should be refocused to those gaps and observational studies addressing them should be included. Studies with high risk of confounding by indication bias are generally not suitable.
This document discusses various sociological research methods and concepts. It covers reliability, validity, generalizability, representativeness, and different sampling techniques. It then discusses ethics in research and provides an example of the unethical Tuskegee syphilis experiment. Additional sections cover planning research, key terms, types of experiments, questionnaires/surveys, interviews, observations, secondary research sources, official statistics, and the differences between interpretivism and positivism approaches.
This document discusses data collection and measurement. It defines different levels of measurement including nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. It explains the data collection process and questions to consider like what, how, who, where and when to collect data. Common data collection methods are identified like surveys, interviews and physiological measures. Factors to consider when selecting a data collection instrument are discussed like practicality, reliability and validity. The document provides examples to illustrate key concepts.
This document discusses socio-ethical issues in research. It addresses ethics in research, reasons for adhering to ethics like promoting honest results and building public support. It outlines standards like honesty, objectivity, and social responsibility. The document also discusses participants' rights to not participate, withdraw, give informed consent, and have their anonymity and confidentiality protected. Researchers have responsibilities to avoid unnecessary intrusion and behave with integrity.
This document provides an overview of grading the strength of evidence in systematic reviews. It defines grading SOE as assessing the confidence in an estimate of effect based on factors such as risk of bias, consistency, directness and precision of available studies. Grading SOE is important for decision makers to understand how much confidence can be placed in evidence. It is distinct from quality assessment of individual studies and focuses on major outcomes and comparisons.
This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. It describes primary data collection methods such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on structured vs unstructured observation, participant vs non-participant observation, and types of interviews. It also discusses constructing questionnaires and using secondary data sources.
This document provides an overview of systematic reviews, including their definition, purpose, history, levels of evidence, and the steps involved in conducting a systematic review. It defines systematic reviews as objective, secondary research that integrates and synthesizes findings from multiple research studies on a topic. The goals are to use evidence to guide effective, outcome-improving patient care decisions. Key figures and developments discussed include Archie Cochrane's call for randomized controlled trial registration and the formation of the Cochrane Collaboration. The document outlines the various stages of a systematic review process from developing a question to searching, organizing, analyzing data, and reporting results. It also reviews the role librarians can play in supporting systematic reviews.
The document discusses various sociological research methods used to study education such as experiments, surveys, interviews, observations and the analysis of official statistics and documents. It examines the advantages and disadvantages of different data collection techniques including quantitative, qualitative, primary and secondary sources. Factors that influence the choice of research methods are also covered such as practical issues, ethical considerations and theoretical perspectives.
Konstantin Fominykh: American and British Business English with live Native S...Anna I
1. critical tell-away sounds for Slavic Speakers
2. 5 most popular Business American and British Idioms with Live Native Speakers
3. Cultural and social tips to improve your business communication
4. Quizzes and interactivities, presents for the most active participants (New York memorabilia and free lessons from our American instructors).
The story describes two sisters, Lizzie and Laura, who encounter goblin men selling fruits in the forest. Laura is tempted by the fruits and trades her hair to the goblins in exchange for juice. She becomes ill after consuming the fruit. Lizzie risks confronting the violent goblins to save her sister and nurses Laura back to health. The poem explores themes of temptation, sacrifice, and the powerful bond between the two sisters.
Quality assessment in systematic literature reviewJingjing Lin
This tutorial is to introduce the definition, process, and tools of quality assessment in the systematic literature review.
If you are new to my channel, you can check out the previous events together with this one to get started with the systematic literature review as a research approach.
EP11 Systematic Literature Review Planning: workflow, literature scoping, and review protocol (https://youtu.be/qukb-VytjxQ)
EP12 Develop search strategy: fishing relevant literature for your research (https://youtu.be/9cH5I03jbg0)
EP13 Literature screening: inclusion and exclusion
(https://youtu.be/BCdveqka-E4)
You can browse other previous research sharing in this YouTube list of mine (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...)
Please kindly subscribe if you want to be reminded when I have new videos published on YouTube.
This document discusses how to match research questions to appropriate research designs. It notes that different types of questions, like those asking about effects versus non-effects, require different designs. Experimental designs with control groups have high internal validity but low generalizability, while surveys have lower validity but more applicability. The best design also depends on feasibility, prior research, and the maturity of the topic being studied. A variety of designs providing converging evidence is ideal.
The document outlines various aspects of empirical research studies including sampling methods, measures, design, analysis, and conclusions. It discusses sampling procedures, measures of stressors and outcomes, research design types, variables that are controlled for, and issues with determining causality from evidence. Minimum quality criteria for research designs are also presented focusing on randomized controlled trials, experiments, and longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
This document outlines the process for conducting a systematic review. It defines a systematic review as a review that uses explicit and reproducible methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research and collect and analyze data from the included studies. It notes that systematic reviews help address biases and provide more robust evidence than individual studies. The document describes the key steps in a systematic review as developing a focused question, performing a comprehensive search, applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessing study quality, extracting data, performing meta-analyses if appropriate, and interpreting results. It also discusses challenges such as ensuring systematic reviews address developing world priorities and include studies conducted in those settings.
This document discusses different types of errors that can occur in survey research. It defines sampling error as occurring when a sample is not truly representative of the population, and notes that sampling error decreases with more homogeneous populations and is eliminated with a census. Total error has two components: sampling error and non-sampling error. Non-sampling error includes errors from non-response, response errors, and researcher errors like incorrectly defining the target population or using a flawed sampling frame. Response errors occur when respondents provide inaccurate answers or their responses are misrecorded or misanalyzed. Researcher errors can also stem from using surrogate information instead of desired data or having measurement errors in question wording or response recording and analysis.
This document summarizes a literature survey of research-paper recommender systems. Over 200 research articles on the topic have been published in the past 16 years. The survey analyzed 127 articles in-depth to understand recommendation approaches. Content-based filtering was the most common approach used in 55% of reviewed systems. The survey found limitations including a lack of standardized evaluations, neglect of user modeling, and few systems being adopted in practice. It concluded that the field needs a common evaluation framework, agreement on information provided in papers, and focus on non-accuracy aspects to improve research-paper recommender systems.
Cases from COPE - fabrications and falsifications of data, managing retractio...ARDC
This document discusses publication ethics cases from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) involving data issues and corrections to the literature. It provides statistics on types of misconduct found in COPE cases from 1997 to 2012, including fabrication, selective reporting, and image manipulation. It also discusses the diversity of data and correction issues seen in cases, how cases can be complex and take years to resolve, and tensions between institutions and journals in managing corrections. Three illustrative case examples are presented involving issues like data manipulation, handling admissions of fraud, and concerns arising from reanalysis of published data. The document concludes with references to COPE resources on retractions, corrections, and debates around amending published articles.
Methods Pyramids as an Organizing Structure for Evidence-Based Medicine--SIGC...jodischneider
Keynote talk 2020-08-01 for the JCDL Workshop on Conceptual Models: https://sig-cm.github.io/news/JCDL-2020-CFP/
Discussion points:
* Methods are a key part of the Knowledge Organizing Structure for Evidence-Based Medicine.
* Methods relate to how we GENERATE evidence.
* Different methods generate evidence of different kinds and strength.
* I believe Methods can be useful in mining claims and arguments from papers: methods AUTHORIZE claims.
* More specialized hierarchies of evidence can be found in medicine
* Various groups are complicating the “evidence pyramid” hierarchy of evidence.
This presentation was provided by Todd Carpenter of NISO and Nicky Agate of Columbia University during the NISO event, "Is This Still Working? Incentives to Publish, Metrics, and New Reward Systems," held on February 20, 2019.
This document outlines principles of data collection and measurement for research. It discusses different levels of measurement including nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. It also covers selecting appropriate data collection methods and instruments, ensuring validity and reliability of instruments, and criteria for evaluating data collection procedures. Common data collection methods are described such as questionnaires, interviews and observation.
Observational studies should always be considered for inclusion in comparative effectiveness reviews. When deciding whether to include observational studies to assess benefits, reviewers should first determine if there are gaps in evidence from randomized controlled trials. When assessing harms, cohort and case-control studies should be routinely included. If gaps in trial evidence are identified, the review questions should be refocused to those gaps and observational studies addressing them should be included. Studies with high risk of confounding by indication bias are generally not suitable.
This document discusses various sociological research methods and concepts. It covers reliability, validity, generalizability, representativeness, and different sampling techniques. It then discusses ethics in research and provides an example of the unethical Tuskegee syphilis experiment. Additional sections cover planning research, key terms, types of experiments, questionnaires/surveys, interviews, observations, secondary research sources, official statistics, and the differences between interpretivism and positivism approaches.
This document discusses data collection and measurement. It defines different levels of measurement including nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. It explains the data collection process and questions to consider like what, how, who, where and when to collect data. Common data collection methods are identified like surveys, interviews and physiological measures. Factors to consider when selecting a data collection instrument are discussed like practicality, reliability and validity. The document provides examples to illustrate key concepts.
This document discusses socio-ethical issues in research. It addresses ethics in research, reasons for adhering to ethics like promoting honest results and building public support. It outlines standards like honesty, objectivity, and social responsibility. The document also discusses participants' rights to not participate, withdraw, give informed consent, and have their anonymity and confidentiality protected. Researchers have responsibilities to avoid unnecessary intrusion and behave with integrity.
This document provides an overview of grading the strength of evidence in systematic reviews. It defines grading SOE as assessing the confidence in an estimate of effect based on factors such as risk of bias, consistency, directness and precision of available studies. Grading SOE is important for decision makers to understand how much confidence can be placed in evidence. It is distinct from quality assessment of individual studies and focuses on major outcomes and comparisons.
This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. It describes primary data collection methods such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on structured vs unstructured observation, participant vs non-participant observation, and types of interviews. It also discusses constructing questionnaires and using secondary data sources.
This document provides an overview of systematic reviews, including their definition, purpose, history, levels of evidence, and the steps involved in conducting a systematic review. It defines systematic reviews as objective, secondary research that integrates and synthesizes findings from multiple research studies on a topic. The goals are to use evidence to guide effective, outcome-improving patient care decisions. Key figures and developments discussed include Archie Cochrane's call for randomized controlled trial registration and the formation of the Cochrane Collaboration. The document outlines the various stages of a systematic review process from developing a question to searching, organizing, analyzing data, and reporting results. It also reviews the role librarians can play in supporting systematic reviews.
The document discusses various sociological research methods used to study education such as experiments, surveys, interviews, observations and the analysis of official statistics and documents. It examines the advantages and disadvantages of different data collection techniques including quantitative, qualitative, primary and secondary sources. Factors that influence the choice of research methods are also covered such as practical issues, ethical considerations and theoretical perspectives.
Konstantin Fominykh: American and British Business English with live Native S...Anna I
1. critical tell-away sounds for Slavic Speakers
2. 5 most popular Business American and British Idioms with Live Native Speakers
3. Cultural and social tips to improve your business communication
4. Quizzes and interactivities, presents for the most active participants (New York memorabilia and free lessons from our American instructors).
The story describes two sisters, Lizzie and Laura, who encounter goblin men selling fruits in the forest. Laura is tempted by the fruits and trades her hair to the goblins in exchange for juice. She becomes ill after consuming the fruit. Lizzie risks confronting the violent goblins to save her sister and nurses Laura back to health. The poem explores themes of temptation, sacrifice, and the powerful bond between the two sisters.
The document discusses the different types and operation of final drives used in front-wheel drive (FWD) and rear-wheel drive (RWD) vehicles. For FWD, the final drive pinion gear meshes directly with the ring gear which is connected to the differential. For RWD, the pinion gear receives torque from the driveshaft and uses it to rotate the larger ring gear, with many RWD designs using a hypoid gear setup where the pinion gear is below the ring gear. The ring gear then drives the differential and ultimately the rear wheels. Proper pinion gear positioning and engagement is important for both setups.
This document defines and explains the purpose and structure of a hortatory exposition. A hortatory exposition aims to persuade readers to accept the writer's viewpoint by presenting arguments in a logical manner. It typically has three parts: a thesis introducing the main idea, arguments providing reasons for concern that lead to a recommendation, and a recommendation stating what should be done based on the arguments. The language features mental processes to state thoughts and feelings, material processes to describe events, and simple present and present perfect tenses among other characteristics. An example is provided about corruption, arguing officials are bribed at ports and punishments are insufficient, recommending preventing future corruption through education involving all people.
One Div To Save Them All: Controlling Drupal Div's and Implementing a Modular...thejibe
1. Explains what Modular CSS is and how it can be helpful
2. Details how set file structures and naming conventions make this philosophy work best
3. Runs through how preprocessors like SAAS and adding on tools like SAAS-globbing and Compass can improve your workflow.
4. How this can all be applied to Drupal
Velocità per la SEO di Magento: Redis Cache, Compilazione e Search ConsoleSimone Bussoni
Premere sull'acceleratore di Magento: una SEO migliore con la velocità e alcuni trucchi da non dimenticare.
Migliorare le performance di Magento con costi ridotti e server discreti senza spendere milioni: come ottenere più ordini, più visite, meno problemi al carrello, più utenti contemporanei, migliorando la User Experience senza dimenticare una indicizzazione più rapida grazie ai tempi di caricamento ridotti e ad alcuni trucchi da usare sulla Search Console di Google.
Slides dell'intervento di Simone Bussoni tenuto al SEOCMS, l'evento italiano per la SEO nei CMS come Joomla!, Magento, Prestashop, Wordpress
This document provides guidance on salvage operations to minimize property damage from firefighting activities. It defines salvage as protecting buildings and contents from unnecessary damage due to water, smoke, heat, and other firefighting activities. Effective salvage requires training with salvage equipment and techniques. Strategic priorities for salvage are based on factors like occupancy type, fire progression, and valuable contents. Tactical considerations include forcible entry techniques, ventilation, water application, dewatering, and overhaul to control damage. Proper use and storage of salvage equipment helps maximize its useful life.
Este documento describe cómo usar Google Drive para guardar y compartir trabajos y proyectos. Explica que se necesita una cuenta de Gmail, y que hay que iniciar sesión en Drive a través de Google. Luego guía al usuario a través del proceso de seleccionar una carpeta con trabajos terminados, cambiar los permisos de edición a solo vista, e introducir la dirección de correo electrónico del profesor para permitirle ver los archivos compartidos.
- The drive pinion drives the ring gear which is attached to the differential case. When going straight ahead, power is transferred equally to both wheels. When turning a corner, the wheels must travel at different speeds to prevent tire scrubbing, so the differential pinion gears "walk" around the slower side gear to cause the other side gear to turn faster.
- Limited-slip differentials limit the amount of differential action allowed compared to open differentials. They provide more driving force to the wheel with traction when one wheel begins to slip while still allowing wheels to turn at different speeds when cornering.
- In operation, driving torque is transmitted equally to each axle until traction is lost by one wheel. Then
Timber, glass, asbestos geo textile and adhesivesSalah Uddin
This document provides information about timber and glass. It defines timber as wood suitable for construction and describes its types and uses. It discusses the properties and types of trees that timber comes from, including softwoods and hardwoods. It also describes the seasoning and sawing processes for timber. The document then defines glass and its main constituents such as silica, potash, and soda. It discusses the manufacturing process for glass and its classification into soda lime glass, lead glass, and boro-silicate glass.
Become A Social Media Influencer: Get Followers and Get Noticed!UnitedChurchofChrist
Do you think social media isn't necessary for your career or company? Are you tired of making Facebook posts, tweeting, or posting on LinkedIn and feeling as if no one is listening?
This is the presentation for you! It's time for you to learn why it's necessary to have a strong PERSONAL presence on social media and how to make that presence become a reality.
Presented by:
Marchae Grair
United Church of Christ
Social Media Associate
Дмитрий Маленко: Будущее приложений: что нужно знать стартапамAnna I
За последние 5-7 лет появилось больше новых типов компьютерных устройств, чем, наверное, за всю предыдущую историю компьютерной индустрии. Сейчас невозможно представить разработчиков приложений, которые бы не задавали себе вопросы "как бы будем обеспечивать совместимость с планшетами?", "как мы будет взаимодействовать с умными часами?" и т.п. Все это существенно влияет на подходы к распространению, позиционированию и самой разработке приложений. Старые подходы и практики уступают место новым моделям так же как дискеты уступили компакт-дискам, а те, в свою очередь, пали под натиском всепроникающей доступности Интернет. Как появление новых устройств влияет на приложения? Что независимые разработчики могут противопоставить поставщикам платформ? Какими будут приложения в будущем? Какие приложения стоит разрабатывать, а какие нет и почему? Мы попробуем вместе найти ответы на эти вопросы.
Павел Обод: Где живет прибыль компании или 1,01^365=38Anna I
На примере моей компании мы обзорно рассмотрим:
- управляй финансами, а не наоборот: первые шаги финансового менеджмента
- восстание из Базы клиентов: email маркетинг
- посчитай своих клиентов: что нужно от CRM
- планирование: от ежедневного до стратегических сессий
- фокус на технологии: не распыляйся
Исключительно практический доклад о том, что не делают 90+% It Компаний и что можно применить сразу после нашей конференции.
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of quantitativ.docxtemplestewart19
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative and qualitative research. Discuss areas of disagreement.
REPLY TO MY CLASSMATE’S RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE QUESTION AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU AGREE? (A MINIMUM OF 150 WORDS)
Quantitative research is more scientifically done, and it is more of a controlled process. This form has been around for a long time and is typically the more trusted form of research. These are specific and standardized ways to perform survey’s, data collection, tests, interviews. This form of research involves usually only two variables. The researcher does their best to not influence the process as this will contaminate the findings. This form is used to find a relationship or correlation between 2 variables meaning, “how does more variable cause another to change.” When interviewing, surveying, or having participants take tests this process involves using closed ended questions, multiple choice and using the Likert way setting up these inquiries. The researcher in quantitative research must find many previous studies related to the subject and uses sources professional peer reviewed articles and journals. This form uses scientific method and formulas to find correlation.
Qualitative: In general, I feel that this form of research is (for myself) easier to understand. Meaning that this form uses a “real life” approach to it. It is typically in the past not known for its validity. Researchers in qualitative are very much a part of the whole process. They use self-reflection, personal experiences, and in general the role the researcher affects a large part of the design, participants, and the outcomes. Using a deductive method for understanding data, they go back and forth between findings to try and put together correlations. Researchers often in qualitative method study their own places of work or social environment by sitting and observing while taking notes. Collecting data for this type of research can involve sources like newspaper, diaries, social media, emails, and other subjective references. Participants in qualitative research are interactive with the researcher by interviewing participants with open questions to find opinions. This form of research has recently emerged in last decades. The researcher may need to have more understanding of study variables because there are not many sources of previous studies.
I think these following paragraphs from the article in the study guide help make it clearer the differences between quantitative and qualitative.
“The quantitative research methods derived from the natural sciences that emphasize objectivity, measurement, reliability and validity, have come to be increasingly inadequate especially in cross-cultural research. Attention has been devoted to a search for effective alternatives, and this leads to the revitalization of the qualitative approach which emphasizes the description of culture and meaning.”
“The distinction between quantitative and qua.
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of quantitativ.docxjanthony65
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative and qualitative research. Discuss areas of disagreement.
REPLY TO MY CLASSMATE’S RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE QUESTION AND EXPLAIN WHY YOU AGREE? (A MINIMUM OF 150 WORDS)
Quantitative research is more scientifically done, and it is more of a controlled process. This form has been around for a long time and is typically the more trusted form of research. These are specific and standardized ways to perform survey’s, data collection, tests, interviews. This form of research involves usually only two variables. The researcher does their best to not influence the process as this will contaminate the findings. This form is used to find a relationship or correlation between 2 variables meaning, “how does more variable cause another to change.” When interviewing, surveying, or having participants take tests this process involves using closed ended questions, multiple choice and using the Likert way setting up these inquiries. The researcher in quantitative research must find many previous studies related to the subject and uses sources professional peer reviewed articles and journals. This form uses scientific method and formulas to find correlation.
Qualitative: In general, I feel that this form of research is (for myself) easier to understand. Meaning that this form uses a “real life” approach to it. It is typically in the past not known for its validity. Researchers in qualitative are very much a part of the whole process. They use self-reflection, personal experiences, and in general the role the researcher affects a large part of the design, participants, and the outcomes. Using a deductive method for understanding data, they go back and forth between findings to try and put together correlations. Researchers often in qualitative method study their own places of work or social environment by sitting and observing while taking notes. Collecting data for this type of research can involve sources like newspaper, diaries, social media, emails, and other subjective references. Participants in qualitative research are interactive with the researcher by interviewing participants with open questions to find opinions. This form of research has recently emerged in last decades. The researcher may need to have more understanding of study variables because there are not many sources of previous studies.
I think these following paragraphs from the article in the study guide help make it clearer the differences between quantitative and qualitative.
“The quantitative research methods derived from the natural sciences that emphasize objectivity, measurement, reliability and validity, have come to be increasingly inadequate especially in cross-cultural research. Attention has been devoted to a search for effective alternatives, and this leads to the revitalization of the qualitative approach which emphasizes the description of culture and meaning.”
“The distinction between quantitative and qua.
Experimental research designs aim to test hypotheses by manipulating variables and observing the effects of the changes. There are different types of experimental designs such as pre-experimental, true experimental, and quasi-experimental designs which vary in how tightly they control variables and the strength of conclusions that can be drawn. The goal of experimental designs is to establish causal relationships between independent and dependent variables through control and random assignment.
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Sheet1YEAR ACTUAL (MILES FROM JOHNSTOWN)24-HOUR FORECAST (MILES FROM JOHNSTOWN)14625533040421051213675711118212591281012151169
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Running head: RESEARCH REPORT
1
Running head: RESEARCH REPORT
2
Employee Turnover Research Project Part Two
Thomas Griffin
Husson University
Research Paper Part Two
Fundamentally, a research design refers to a set of methods and frameworks that a researcher can adopt in a bid to combine the various components of the research in a logical manner. Typically, the research design will provide an insight about how to undertake a research activity while utilizing a particular methodology (Abutabenjeh & Jaradat, 2018). The design should provide a sketch of the research and can also be used to explain the type of research and the subtype.
Population and Sampling Method
For the researcher to promote the credibility and reliability of the data, probability sampling will be undertaken. It refers to a sampling method where each participant has an equal chance of being included in the sample (Abutabenjeh & Jaradat, 2018). However, it is imperative to note that in this case that the sampling population encompasses individuals that have an employer for another. Probability sampling means any individuals in this population has an equal chance of being included. Under probability sampling, stratified random sampling will be undertaken. It refers to a technique where the population is divided into subgroups and the samples are taken from each subgroup. In this case, the researcher will divide the participants into the following subgroups. Subgroup one will only have individuals that have only left a single employer. Subgroup two will have participants that have left more than one employer for others. The final subgroup will be made up of participants considering leaving the current employer. From these subgroups, samples will be randomly chosen to take part in the research. The reason for doing this is to promote diversity of the group so as to unearth the primary factors contributing to the turnover problem that is making organizations incur costs in recruiting and selection.
During sampling, it is imperative to note that there are confounding variables that must be avoided. These are factors that may negatively impact the validity of the research process. One of the factors entail participants who left their former employers for reasons not related to their performance and perceived expectations. This includes factors such as retrenchment, gross misconduct, and the need to relocate among others. Also, confounding variables, including being fired among others will need to be looked into. Typically, the sampled participants will be asked to outline the primary reason why they left their former work station. If the reason is considered a confounding variable, the responses made by such a participant will be considered invalid.
Dependent and Independent Variables
From a research perspective, a dependent variabl.
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Between Black and White Population1. Comparing annual percent .docxjasoninnes20
Between Black and White Population
1. Comparing annual percent of Medicare enrollees having at least one ambulatory visit between B and W
2. Comparing average annual percent of diabetic Medicare enrollees age 65-75 having hemoglobin A1c between B and W
3. Comparing average annual percent of diabetic Medicare enrollees age 65-75 having eye examination between B and W
4. Comparing average annual percent of diabetic Medicare enrollees age 65-75 having
Students will develop an analysis report, in five main sections, including introduction, research method (research questions/objective, data set, research method, and analysis), results, conclusion and health policy recommendations. This is a 5-6 page individual project report.
Here are the main steps for this assignment.
Step 1: Students require to submit the topic using topic selection discussion forum by the end of week 1 and wait for instructor approval.
Step 2: Develop the research question and
Step 3: Run the analysis using EXCEL (RStudio for BONUS points) and report the findings using the assignment instruction.
The Report Structure:
Start with the
1.Cover page (1 page, including running head).
Please look at the example http://www.apastyle.org/manual/related/sample-experiment-paper-1.pdf (you can download the file from the class) and http://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfm to learn more about the APA style.
In the title page include:
· Title, this is the approved topic by your instructor.
· Student name
· Class name
· Instructor name
· Date
2.Introduction
Introduce the problem or topic being investigated. Include relevant background information, for example;
· Indicates why this is an issue or topic worth researching;
· Highlight how others have researched this topic or issue (whether quantitatively or qualitatively), and
· Specify how others have operationalized this concept and measured these phenomena
Note: Introduction should not be more than one or two paragraphs.
Literature Review
There is no need for a literature review in this assignment
3.Research Question or Research Hypothesis
What is the Research Question or Research Hypothesis?
***Just in time information: Here are a few points for Research Question or Research Hypothesis
There are basically two kinds of research questions: testable and non-testable. Neither is better than the other, and both have a place in applied research.
Examples of non-testable questions are:
How do managers feel about the reorganization?
What do residents feel are the most important problems facing the community?
Respondents' answers to these questions could be summarized in descriptive tables and the results might be extremely valuable to administrators and planners. Business and social science researchers often ask non-testable research questions. The shortcoming with these types of questions is that they do not provide objective cut-off points for decision-makers.
In order to overcome this problem, researchers often seek to answer o ...
Sole reliance on citation data provides an incomplete understanding of research. Although citation analysis may be simple to apply, it should be used with caution to avoid it coming under disrepute through uncritical use. Ideally, citation analysis should be performed to supplement, not replace, a robust system of expert review to determine the actual quality and impact of published research.
Running head QUANTITATIVE DESIGNS1Quantitative DesignsStu.docxcharisellington63520
Running head: QUANTITATIVE DESIGNS
1
Quantitative Designs
Student Name Here
Walden University
Quantitative Designs
Provide a brief introduction to your paper here. The title serves as your introductory heading no need for a heading titled “Introduction.”
Two Designs
Select two peer reviewed journal articles that utilized different types of quantitative research designs. Briefly describe each of the designs that you selected. Remember to focus on how the research was done not what was studied. Always provide credit for your sources.
Sampling
Include the types of sampling used in each study to conduct the chosen research methods. Sampling is “how” the researchers recruited participants. What type of sampling method was used? Where and how did the recruitment occur? Who needed to give permission?
Comparison of Designs
Similarities and Differences
Explain two similarities and two differences between the designs you selected. Described the similarities and then discuss the differences.
Strengths and Weaknesses
Describe at least one strength and one limitation of each design. Clearly identify which design has what strength or weakness. Support your points.
Comparison Insights
Describe an insight or conclusion you can draw from the comparison. For example, how might you use the designs? What populations, interventions, or research problems might be better suited for one or the other design?
Ethical, Legal and Socio-Cultural Considerations
Explain any ethical, legal, and socio-cultural considerations that may be relevant for the designs you selected. Remember this section is ethical, legal, and sociocultural so you need to discuss all three. In addition, you need to support your points with scholarly support, such as the ethical code, laws, etc.
Conclusion
Your conclusion section should recap the major points you have made in your work. However, perhaps more importantly, you should interpret what you have written and what the bigger picture is. Remember your paper should be 2 - 3 pages not counting your title page and reference page. Please do not exceed three pages of content.
Save your Application as a ".doc" or ".rtf" file with the filename APP4+your first initial+last name. For example, Sally Ride’s assignment filename would be "APP4SRide". Use the "Submit an Assignment" link, choose the Week 4: Application basket, and then add your Application as an attachment.
References
Always include references. Be sure every reference is in APA format with a hanging indent. Also, every citation should have a reference and vice versa. Use the APA manual, the Citation Guide or some source to verify your format. APA is very specific about punctuation and how elements of the reference are presented.
Running head: QUANTITATIVE DESIGNS
1
Quantitative Designs
Cynthia Morris
Walden University
Quantitative Designs
The two most common sources of information using qualitative research are interviews and sampling methods
. Int.
The document outlines an assignment for a research methodology course. It contains 6 questions related to different types of research methods. Question 1 asks for examples of exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and evaluation research and why each would be used. Question 2 discusses differences between key concepts in hypothesis testing. Question 3 explains the difference between causal relationships and correlations with examples. Question 4 discusses factors in choosing a sampling technique and characteristics of a good sample. Question 5 asks students to select a topic and explain how secondary and primary sources would be used. Question 6 provides a case study on conducting a market survey for a newspaper.
Risk of Bias_StaR Child Health Summit_07May12michele_hamm
Michele Hamm presented at the StaR Child Health Summit in Winnipeg, Manitoba on May 7, 2012. The presentation discussed the growing evidence that pediatric clinical trials often have a high risk of bias, which can lead to overestimations of treatment benefits or underestimations of harms. Hamm described a mixed methods study involving surveys and interviews with pediatric trialists to understand the barriers and facilitators they face in designing and conducting methodologically rigorous trials. The study found that a lack of formal research training, insufficient funding, and negative research cultures can contribute to higher risks of bias in trials. Developing cohesive study teams, reliable review processes
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A Study on Job Satisfaction of Private School Teachers with Reference to Mann...ijtsrd
The project has been undertaken a study on job satisfaction of teachers working in private school with reference to Mannargudi Thiruvarur DT . Job satisfaction refers to the general attitude of employees towards their present job. Job satisfaction probably is the most widely studied variable.Its mainly involved in two variables positive and negative. The person not satisfied his her work it creates negative attitudes if satisfied it create positive attitudes. So job satisfaction is the most important factor the person involvement to do his or her work. In this research take a teacher were working in different private schools in Mannargudi analysing satisfaction level of his or her work. Monika G | Priyanka R "A Study on Job Satisfaction of Private School Teachers with Reference to Mannargudi" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30645.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30645/a-study-on-job-satisfaction-of-private-school-teachers-with-reference-to-mannargudi/monika-g
This document discusses the definitions, purposes, roles, and differences between evaluation and supervision in education. Evaluation is defined as systematically examining the effects of policies, projects, and programs on their targets. Supervision involves overseeing and giving guidance to teachers and staff. Both aim to determine quality standards and ensure learner achievement. Key differences are that evaluation is a policy function while supervision is administrative. Common approaches include classroom observations, document reviews, and interviews. The roles of supervisors include motivating staff, ensuring resources and facilities are adequate, and handling disciplinary issues.
This document discusses sources for developing nursing research problems and provides an example of using a critical appraisal of literature as a source. It summarizes a research study that found no significant difference in pressure ulcer incidents between turning patients every two hours versus every four hours. However, more research is needed on timing for patients not on pressure-reducing bedding. The document also discusses the process of rapid critical appraisal and evaluating research studies.
This document discusses key concepts in marketing research including:
1. It defines market research and marketing research, noting that market research focuses specifically on gathering market size and trend information while marketing research covers a broader range of activities.
2. It outlines the typical steps in the marketing research process including defining the problem, research design, data collection, analysis and reporting.
3. It provides details on key aspects of research design like secondary data sources, primary data collection methods, sampling, measurement scales and hypothesis testing.
The document discusses key concepts in research methods, including quantitative and qualitative research. It defines quantitative research as using numerical data to test hypotheses, while qualitative research uses words to understand phenomena. Some advantages of quantitative research are its validity and reliability, while its disadvantages include difficulties measuring human behavior. Qualitative research allows deep exploration but lacks rigor and generalizability. Overall, the document provides an overview of important research terminology and compares different research approaches.
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How to Start Up a Company: A Step-by-Step Guide Starting a company is an exciting adventure that combines creativity, strategy, and hard work. It can seem overwhelming at first, but with the right guidance, anyone can transform a great idea into a successful business. Let's dive into how to start up a company, from the initial spark of an idea to securing funding and launching your startup.
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Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
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Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
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This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map