The document presents the Survey Refusal Model developed by Galit Sinai Karmona in her PhD dissertation. The model describes how individual characteristics and their social environment impact their decision to refuse or participate in surveys. The model was empirically examined using data from the European Social Survey. The results showed that characteristics at the individual, social, and cultural levels shape how individuals interpret survey requests and decide to refuse or participate. The conclusions provide tools for researchers to minimize survey error from refusal by reducing refusal rates, adjusting weights, and recognizing limitations when generalizing results.