This document is the Indian Standard from 1968 on guidelines for electrical layout in residential buildings. It provides an overview of considerations for planning electrical systems in homes, including safety, efficiency, convenience and allowing for future load increases. It recommends illumination levels for different areas. The standard is intended to assist architects, engineers and homeowners in designing residential electrical systems to maximize the benefits of electricity usage. It covers low voltage AC and DC systems up to 250V for single-family dwellings and individual units in multi-family homes.
This document is the Indian Standard Specification for Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars and Hard-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement. It outlines requirements for mild steel and medium tensile steel reinforcement bars in round and square sections. The standard covers physical and mechanical properties of the bars, methods for testing, welding requirements, and provides definitions for key terminology. It aims to standardize specifications for reinforcement bars used in concrete structures in India.
This document is the Indian Standard Method of Measurement of Building and Civil Engineering Works Part V - Formwork (Third Revision). It provides definitions and rules for the measurement of formwork used in construction projects. The standard classifies formwork into categories such as foundations, floors, walls, beams, columns and establishes methods for measurement based on surface area. Deductions and additions to measurements are also specified depending on the type and size of openings and features. The document aims to standardize formwork measurement practices across India.
Attachment 4_How to trim LP stage flow limits for 2-stage compressionsCangTo Cheah
1) The document contains performance curve data for a multi-stage compressor, including plots of polytropic head and efficiency versus volume flow for each stage.
2) To evaluate the operable range between stages, the author calculates discharge flow rates from stage one across its operating envelope and accounts for interstage cooling.
3) These flows are then compared to the surge and choke limits of stage two on a flow versus flow plot to identify the maximum transferable range.
4) Only approximately 1/3 of stage one's area is found to be operable due to aerodynamic mismatch between the stages.
This document provides a technical evaluation of refrigeration compressor package bids from GEA and York for an SLIC project. It includes pressure-enthalpy diagrams mapped from the suppliers' proposals to check the energy balances. The GEA proposal is found to meet the required process duties with some streams mixed at lower pressures. The York proposal also meets duties but provides slightly different enthalpy values than calculated from REFPROP. Both proposals are determined to provide adequate cooling capacities with some margins.
This document lists 86 references related to concrete technology. It includes books on concrete chemistry, properties, mix design, testing, durability, construction techniques, and standards. Many of the references are publications from organizations like ACI, RILEM, Cement and Concrete Association. The list covers topics like aggregates, admixtures, lightweight concrete, precast concrete, corrosion, and non-destructive testing of hardened concrete. It also provides 50 listings of relevant Indian Standards for cement, concrete, and their testing.
Get the full version at:
http//leanself.org/pocket/
What you miss if you do not download this e-book:
DEEP+ Quick Check
Lean Self Personal Dashboard How-To
Introduction to Value Driven Thinking
Tipps for Waste Elimination
Self-Empowerment
How to Pull Value
Introduction to Continuous Improvement
Root Cause Analysis Guidelines
How to Achieve More with Less Effort
How to Square Value
1) Recientes estudios genéticos han identificado varios loci asociados con el trastorno bipolar, incluyendo genes como CACNA1C y ODZ4.
2) Los tamaños de efecto de estas asociaciones son pequeños, lo que sugiere una arquitectura genética poligénica para el trastorno.
3) Estudios más grandes continúan identificando nuevos loci, pero se necesita más trabajo para entender los mecanismos subyacentes y la relevancia clínica.
This document is the Indian Standard Specification for Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars and Hard-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement. It outlines requirements for mild steel and medium tensile steel reinforcement bars in round and square sections. The standard covers physical and mechanical properties of the bars, methods for testing, welding requirements, and provides definitions for key terminology. It aims to standardize specifications for reinforcement bars used in concrete structures in India.
This document is the Indian Standard Method of Measurement of Building and Civil Engineering Works Part V - Formwork (Third Revision). It provides definitions and rules for the measurement of formwork used in construction projects. The standard classifies formwork into categories such as foundations, floors, walls, beams, columns and establishes methods for measurement based on surface area. Deductions and additions to measurements are also specified depending on the type and size of openings and features. The document aims to standardize formwork measurement practices across India.
Attachment 4_How to trim LP stage flow limits for 2-stage compressionsCangTo Cheah
1) The document contains performance curve data for a multi-stage compressor, including plots of polytropic head and efficiency versus volume flow for each stage.
2) To evaluate the operable range between stages, the author calculates discharge flow rates from stage one across its operating envelope and accounts for interstage cooling.
3) These flows are then compared to the surge and choke limits of stage two on a flow versus flow plot to identify the maximum transferable range.
4) Only approximately 1/3 of stage one's area is found to be operable due to aerodynamic mismatch between the stages.
This document provides a technical evaluation of refrigeration compressor package bids from GEA and York for an SLIC project. It includes pressure-enthalpy diagrams mapped from the suppliers' proposals to check the energy balances. The GEA proposal is found to meet the required process duties with some streams mixed at lower pressures. The York proposal also meets duties but provides slightly different enthalpy values than calculated from REFPROP. Both proposals are determined to provide adequate cooling capacities with some margins.
This document lists 86 references related to concrete technology. It includes books on concrete chemistry, properties, mix design, testing, durability, construction techniques, and standards. Many of the references are publications from organizations like ACI, RILEM, Cement and Concrete Association. The list covers topics like aggregates, admixtures, lightweight concrete, precast concrete, corrosion, and non-destructive testing of hardened concrete. It also provides 50 listings of relevant Indian Standards for cement, concrete, and their testing.
Get the full version at:
http//leanself.org/pocket/
What you miss if you do not download this e-book:
DEEP+ Quick Check
Lean Self Personal Dashboard How-To
Introduction to Value Driven Thinking
Tipps for Waste Elimination
Self-Empowerment
How to Pull Value
Introduction to Continuous Improvement
Root Cause Analysis Guidelines
How to Achieve More with Less Effort
How to Square Value
1) Recientes estudios genéticos han identificado varios loci asociados con el trastorno bipolar, incluyendo genes como CACNA1C y ODZ4.
2) Los tamaños de efecto de estas asociaciones son pequeños, lo que sugiere una arquitectura genética poligénica para el trastorno.
3) Estudios más grandes continúan identificando nuevos loci, pero se necesita más trabajo para entender los mecanismos subyacentes y la relevancia clínica.
This document provides the summary of an Indian Standard document on methods of sampling and analysis of concrete. It discusses the scope of the standard, terminology, sampling procedures for fresh and hardened concrete. It also describes test methods for determining unit weight, air content, slump, compressive strength, drying shrinkage and durability of concrete.
This document provides specifications for PVC insulation and sheathing for electric cables. It outlines four types of PVC compounds for insulation (Types A, B, C) and two for sheathing (Types ST1, ST2). It lists various test requirements for the compounds, including tensile strength, elongation, heat deformation, heat shock, shrinkage, cold bend, cold impact, color fastness, thermal stability, bleeding, and water absorption. The tests are intended to ensure the compounds maintain adequate physical and electrical properties for use in electric cables operating at different voltage ratings and temperature classes.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction in steel in India. It outlines standards and guidelines for materials, design requirements, and structural elements. The document covers steel grades and properties, loads and stresses, corrosion protection, connections, tension members, compression members, beams, plate girders, and other structural components. It aims to provide best practices for the design and construction of steel structures according to Indian standards.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction in steel in India. It outlines materials used in steel construction like structural steel, rivets, welding consumables, bolts etc. It describes general design requirements for steel structures including types of loads, temperature effects, geometrical properties, holes, corrosion protection, increase of stresses etc. It provides guidelines for design of various steel structural elements like tension members, compression members, members subjected to bending, beams, plate girders, box girders, purlins and sheeting rails. The document is intended to ensure the safe and economic design, fabrication and erection of steel structures in India.
Operational description of 400kv switchyard NTPC Ramagundam RSTPSPradeep Avanigadda
400 KV Switchyard of Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station is the most vital switching station in the southern Grid. 2600 MW of Bulk Power generated by three 200 MW Units and four 500 MW Units of NTPC Ramagundam is evacuated for supplying to the southern states.
Switchyard consists of four 400 KV busbars fed by 7 Nos. of generators, 10 Nos. of 400 KV feeders, 3 Nos of 220 KV feeders and two nos. of 132 Kv feeders as shown in the single line diagram of 400 Kv switch yard.
In addition to the above, four nos. of Tie Transformers, five nos. of Auto transformers, two nos. of Shunt Reactors and one Bus reactor are provided.
This document outlines Indian Standard IS:1200 (Part III) - 1976, which provides the method of measuring brickwork in buildings and civil engineering projects. It was last revised in 1976 to incorporate amendments from usage over the previous 5 years. The standard covers measuring brickwork items individually or grouped together, recording dimensions, and taking net measurements in decimal units of the completed brickwork in its fixed position. It aims to standardize measurement practices across different construction agencies and sectors in India.
This document provides recommendations for using table vibrators to consolidate concrete. It discusses general considerations like the suitability of table vibrators, power units, handling the vibrator, and performance and sizing of vibrators. It also covers concrete mix design, formwork design, and testing of vibrating tables according to relevant Indian Standards. The key points are that table vibrators are well-suited for precast concrete elements, proper power units and maintenance are important, and concrete mix workability and form rigidity affect vibration effectiveness.
This document provides guidelines for concrete mix design in India. It establishes a committee to develop standard recommendations for proportioning concrete mixes. The guidelines seek to determine the right quantities of ingredients to produce durable, workable concrete of the required strength at minimum cost. The guidelines are based on relationships between water-cement ratio and compressive strength, but also account for other factors affecting concrete properties. The guidelines are intended as a starting point, subject to modifications based on site-specific materials.
This document provides the specification for power driven mobile cranes. It summarizes the different types of mobile cranes covered, including fully mobile full-slewing, fully mobile part-slewing, fully mobile non-slewing, truck mounted versions of these, and semi-mobile cranes. It also describes the purpose of providing these specifications is to promote safety and transparency. The attached standard is the 1982 specification for power driven mobile cranes, which has been reaffirmed and amended over time.
This document is a seminar report on the West Central Railway in Kota, Rajasthan submitted by Chirag Jain to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering. It discusses the key equipment used for protection in substations, including lightning arresters, circuit breakers, current transformers, potential transformers, relays, insulators, earthing equipment, and reactors. It also provides an overview of the single line diagram of the Kota Railway Station and its incoming and outgoing feeders.
This document outlines test methods for assessing the particle size and shape of aggregates used in concrete from an Indian Standard published in 1963. It includes procedures for sieve analysis to determine particle size distribution, and tests for materials finer than 75 microns, flakiness index, elongation index, and angularity number. The goal is to assist in evaluating the quality of aggregates used in concrete construction in India by testing relevant properties. Maximum sample weights and sieve sizes are provided for different tests.
The document provides details on test methods for determining deleterious materials and organic impurities in aggregates for concrete according to Indian Standard IS: 2386 (Part II) - 1963. It describes test methods for determining the percentage of clay lumps, clay/fine silt/fine dust content using a sedimentation method, light-weight pieces like coal/lignite, soft particles, and organic impurities in aggregates. The tests aim to assess aggregate quality by identifying deleterious materials. The standard specifies procedures, apparatus, sample preparation and size, calculations, and reporting of results for each test.
The document is a seminar report submitted by Ghanshyam Meena on Kotsons Pvt. Ltd (KPL), a transformer manufacturing company located in Alwar, Rajasthan. It provides an overview of KPL, establishing in 1979. It details KPL's facilities and certifications, product range from 100 KVA to 1000 KVA transformers, and major domestic and international customers. The report also includes basic working principles of transformers and different types of transformers like autotransformers and polyphase transformers.
This document provides information about a summer internship report submitted by Manorma Kumari, a student of electrical engineering at Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management in Varanasi, India. The report details her internship at the 220/33 KV power substation in Bhelupur, Varanasi, which is operated by Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Limited. It includes declarations, acknowledgments, and an abstract that provide an overview of the substation and the electrical transmission and distribution processes carried out there.
This document provides the specifications for form vibrators used for compacting concrete. It outlines the different types of form vibrators, including fixed or clamp type vibrators and manual type vibrators. It specifies requirements for materials, sizes, construction, and performance of form vibrators. Key details include acceptable materials for components, acceptable size designations based on power unit capacity and vibrator type, and construction requirements for fixed/clamp and manual vibrator types. The document aims to provide guidance to manufacturers and users on obtaining vibrators capable of satisfactory service for concrete compaction.
A brief report on internship at PGCIL Hassan. This gives a brief information reguarding equipments which are used in a power grid. Classified information.
EFFICIENT ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION Presentation.pptxMrunaliGaikwad8
The document presents a problem based learning project on efficient electricity distribution systems. It discusses the objectives of describing distributed systems and transmission lines, studying reforms in the Indian power sector, and issues related to growth of the power business. Key topics covered include the history of electricity, sources of power generation in India, the structure of the power sector, and strategic challenges faced. The outcomes of the project were improved skills in areas like teamwork, communication, and report writing.
Water quality has a significant impact on concrete strength. Impurities like chlorides, sulfates, and dissolved solids can reduce strength if present in high concentrations. Testing the compressive strength of concrete made with local water compared to distilled water determines if the local water is suitable. While seawater reduces early strength by 10-15% and may cause corrosion of reinforcement, it can be used for unreinforced concrete if the mix is redesigned. However, seawater is prohibited for reinforced or prestressed concrete per current Indian standards due to corrosion risks.
The document provides work method statements for soil investigation of the Chennai Metro Rail Project. It outlines the scope of work including boring and drilling at 100m intervals along the project alignment and conducting standard penetration tests and vane shear tests. It describes sampling procedures for disturbed and undisturbed soil samples and rock cores. Laboratory tests are to include moisture content, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, and consolidation tests. The document provides safety measures and procedures for soil investigation works.
This document is the Indian Standard Method of Measurement of Building and Civil Engineering Works Part V - Formwork (Third Revision). It provides definitions and rules for the measurement of formwork used in construction projects. The standard classifies formwork into categories such as foundations, floors, walls, beams, columns and establishes methods for measurement based on surface area. Deductions and additions to measurements are also specified depending on the type and size of openings and features. The document aims to standardize formwork measurement practices across India.
This document provides standards for measuring stone masonry work in building and civil engineering projects. It outlines how to measure and describe various stone masonry elements including general walling, random rubble walling, coursed walling, circular walling, footings, battered surfaces, eaves filling, and more. The document also specifies what should and should not be deducted from measurement calculations and provides guidance on measuring fireplaces, chimneys, pillars and stone nogging.
This document outlines the Indian Standard method for measuring concrete works in building and civil engineering projects. It provides the scope, general rules, and describes the items to be included in measurement. The standard aims to unify different measurement systems used across construction agencies and government departments in India to eliminate ambiguities and issues arising from a lack of understanding of various practices. It covers measurement of concrete works applicable to structures like buildings, bridges, industrial facilities, and more.
This document provides the summary of an Indian Standard document on methods of sampling and analysis of concrete. It discusses the scope of the standard, terminology, sampling procedures for fresh and hardened concrete. It also describes test methods for determining unit weight, air content, slump, compressive strength, drying shrinkage and durability of concrete.
This document provides specifications for PVC insulation and sheathing for electric cables. It outlines four types of PVC compounds for insulation (Types A, B, C) and two for sheathing (Types ST1, ST2). It lists various test requirements for the compounds, including tensile strength, elongation, heat deformation, heat shock, shrinkage, cold bend, cold impact, color fastness, thermal stability, bleeding, and water absorption. The tests are intended to ensure the compounds maintain adequate physical and electrical properties for use in electric cables operating at different voltage ratings and temperature classes.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction in steel in India. It outlines standards and guidelines for materials, design requirements, and structural elements. The document covers steel grades and properties, loads and stresses, corrosion protection, connections, tension members, compression members, beams, plate girders, and other structural components. It aims to provide best practices for the design and construction of steel structures according to Indian standards.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction in steel in India. It outlines materials used in steel construction like structural steel, rivets, welding consumables, bolts etc. It describes general design requirements for steel structures including types of loads, temperature effects, geometrical properties, holes, corrosion protection, increase of stresses etc. It provides guidelines for design of various steel structural elements like tension members, compression members, members subjected to bending, beams, plate girders, box girders, purlins and sheeting rails. The document is intended to ensure the safe and economic design, fabrication and erection of steel structures in India.
Operational description of 400kv switchyard NTPC Ramagundam RSTPSPradeep Avanigadda
400 KV Switchyard of Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station is the most vital switching station in the southern Grid. 2600 MW of Bulk Power generated by three 200 MW Units and four 500 MW Units of NTPC Ramagundam is evacuated for supplying to the southern states.
Switchyard consists of four 400 KV busbars fed by 7 Nos. of generators, 10 Nos. of 400 KV feeders, 3 Nos of 220 KV feeders and two nos. of 132 Kv feeders as shown in the single line diagram of 400 Kv switch yard.
In addition to the above, four nos. of Tie Transformers, five nos. of Auto transformers, two nos. of Shunt Reactors and one Bus reactor are provided.
This document outlines Indian Standard IS:1200 (Part III) - 1976, which provides the method of measuring brickwork in buildings and civil engineering projects. It was last revised in 1976 to incorporate amendments from usage over the previous 5 years. The standard covers measuring brickwork items individually or grouped together, recording dimensions, and taking net measurements in decimal units of the completed brickwork in its fixed position. It aims to standardize measurement practices across different construction agencies and sectors in India.
This document provides recommendations for using table vibrators to consolidate concrete. It discusses general considerations like the suitability of table vibrators, power units, handling the vibrator, and performance and sizing of vibrators. It also covers concrete mix design, formwork design, and testing of vibrating tables according to relevant Indian Standards. The key points are that table vibrators are well-suited for precast concrete elements, proper power units and maintenance are important, and concrete mix workability and form rigidity affect vibration effectiveness.
This document provides guidelines for concrete mix design in India. It establishes a committee to develop standard recommendations for proportioning concrete mixes. The guidelines seek to determine the right quantities of ingredients to produce durable, workable concrete of the required strength at minimum cost. The guidelines are based on relationships between water-cement ratio and compressive strength, but also account for other factors affecting concrete properties. The guidelines are intended as a starting point, subject to modifications based on site-specific materials.
This document provides the specification for power driven mobile cranes. It summarizes the different types of mobile cranes covered, including fully mobile full-slewing, fully mobile part-slewing, fully mobile non-slewing, truck mounted versions of these, and semi-mobile cranes. It also describes the purpose of providing these specifications is to promote safety and transparency. The attached standard is the 1982 specification for power driven mobile cranes, which has been reaffirmed and amended over time.
This document is a seminar report on the West Central Railway in Kota, Rajasthan submitted by Chirag Jain to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electrical Engineering. It discusses the key equipment used for protection in substations, including lightning arresters, circuit breakers, current transformers, potential transformers, relays, insulators, earthing equipment, and reactors. It also provides an overview of the single line diagram of the Kota Railway Station and its incoming and outgoing feeders.
This document outlines test methods for assessing the particle size and shape of aggregates used in concrete from an Indian Standard published in 1963. It includes procedures for sieve analysis to determine particle size distribution, and tests for materials finer than 75 microns, flakiness index, elongation index, and angularity number. The goal is to assist in evaluating the quality of aggregates used in concrete construction in India by testing relevant properties. Maximum sample weights and sieve sizes are provided for different tests.
The document provides details on test methods for determining deleterious materials and organic impurities in aggregates for concrete according to Indian Standard IS: 2386 (Part II) - 1963. It describes test methods for determining the percentage of clay lumps, clay/fine silt/fine dust content using a sedimentation method, light-weight pieces like coal/lignite, soft particles, and organic impurities in aggregates. The tests aim to assess aggregate quality by identifying deleterious materials. The standard specifies procedures, apparatus, sample preparation and size, calculations, and reporting of results for each test.
The document is a seminar report submitted by Ghanshyam Meena on Kotsons Pvt. Ltd (KPL), a transformer manufacturing company located in Alwar, Rajasthan. It provides an overview of KPL, establishing in 1979. It details KPL's facilities and certifications, product range from 100 KVA to 1000 KVA transformers, and major domestic and international customers. The report also includes basic working principles of transformers and different types of transformers like autotransformers and polyphase transformers.
This document provides information about a summer internship report submitted by Manorma Kumari, a student of electrical engineering at Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management in Varanasi, India. The report details her internship at the 220/33 KV power substation in Bhelupur, Varanasi, which is operated by Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Limited. It includes declarations, acknowledgments, and an abstract that provide an overview of the substation and the electrical transmission and distribution processes carried out there.
This document provides the specifications for form vibrators used for compacting concrete. It outlines the different types of form vibrators, including fixed or clamp type vibrators and manual type vibrators. It specifies requirements for materials, sizes, construction, and performance of form vibrators. Key details include acceptable materials for components, acceptable size designations based on power unit capacity and vibrator type, and construction requirements for fixed/clamp and manual vibrator types. The document aims to provide guidance to manufacturers and users on obtaining vibrators capable of satisfactory service for concrete compaction.
A brief report on internship at PGCIL Hassan. This gives a brief information reguarding equipments which are used in a power grid. Classified information.
EFFICIENT ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION Presentation.pptxMrunaliGaikwad8
The document presents a problem based learning project on efficient electricity distribution systems. It discusses the objectives of describing distributed systems and transmission lines, studying reforms in the Indian power sector, and issues related to growth of the power business. Key topics covered include the history of electricity, sources of power generation in India, the structure of the power sector, and strategic challenges faced. The outcomes of the project were improved skills in areas like teamwork, communication, and report writing.
Water quality has a significant impact on concrete strength. Impurities like chlorides, sulfates, and dissolved solids can reduce strength if present in high concentrations. Testing the compressive strength of concrete made with local water compared to distilled water determines if the local water is suitable. While seawater reduces early strength by 10-15% and may cause corrosion of reinforcement, it can be used for unreinforced concrete if the mix is redesigned. However, seawater is prohibited for reinforced or prestressed concrete per current Indian standards due to corrosion risks.
The document provides work method statements for soil investigation of the Chennai Metro Rail Project. It outlines the scope of work including boring and drilling at 100m intervals along the project alignment and conducting standard penetration tests and vane shear tests. It describes sampling procedures for disturbed and undisturbed soil samples and rock cores. Laboratory tests are to include moisture content, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, and consolidation tests. The document provides safety measures and procedures for soil investigation works.
This document is the Indian Standard Method of Measurement of Building and Civil Engineering Works Part V - Formwork (Third Revision). It provides definitions and rules for the measurement of formwork used in construction projects. The standard classifies formwork into categories such as foundations, floors, walls, beams, columns and establishes methods for measurement based on surface area. Deductions and additions to measurements are also specified depending on the type and size of openings and features. The document aims to standardize formwork measurement practices across India.
This document provides standards for measuring stone masonry work in building and civil engineering projects. It outlines how to measure and describe various stone masonry elements including general walling, random rubble walling, coursed walling, circular walling, footings, battered surfaces, eaves filling, and more. The document also specifies what should and should not be deducted from measurement calculations and provides guidance on measuring fireplaces, chimneys, pillars and stone nogging.
This document outlines the Indian Standard method for measuring concrete works in building and civil engineering projects. It provides the scope, general rules, and describes the items to be included in measurement. The standard aims to unify different measurement systems used across construction agencies and government departments in India to eliminate ambiguities and issues arising from a lack of understanding of various practices. It covers measurement of concrete works applicable to structures like buildings, bridges, industrial facilities, and more.
This document is the Indian Standard (IS 1200 Part 1) from 1992 on methods of measuring earthwork in building and civil engineering projects. It provides definitions and rules for classifying and measuring different types of excavated materials including soft soil, hard soil, mud, soft rock, and hard rock. It also specifies what should and should not be measured separately, such as dewatering, and how dimensions, areas, and volumes should be recorded accurately to two decimal places. The standard aims to promote uniform measurement practices across different agencies and departments for earthworks.
This document is the Indian Standard for prestressed concrete pipes and specials. It specifies requirements for materials, dimensions, design criteria, and testing of prestressed concrete cylinder pipes and non-cylinder pipes. The standard covers pipes with nominal diameters between 200-2500 mm. It provides definitions of key terms, references other standards, and outlines design considerations and permissible stress limits for the longitudinal and circumferential prestressing of non-cylinder pressure pipes.
This document provides a code of practice for laying concrete pipes. It outlines methods for calculating loads on pipes based on installation conditions and provides corresponding load factors. The standard aims to ensure pipes are not subjected to excessive loads beyond their design capacity. Proper handling, bedding, and backfilling of pipes is important, as various installation factors can influence practice. The standard is intended to provide general guidance for each unique case. It incorporates revisions based on experience, including basic modifications to symbols, illustrations, impact factors, and testing examples. The purpose is to relate loads on pipes under different installation conditions to the test strength of pipes using appropriate load factors.
This notice invites tenders for the design and construction of an elevated viaduct that is part of Phase 1 of the Chennai Metro Rail Project. The viaduct is 4,562 meters long on Corridor 2 between chainages 15,738 meters to 20,900 meters, excluding 600 meters at Alandur station. Tenders must be submitted by October 22, 2009. Eligible applicants must have experience constructing viaducts, bridges or flyovers using segmental construction technology and a minimum average annual turnover of 153 crore rupees. The completion period for the work is 24 months.
The document provides instructions to tenderers for the design and construction of an elevated viaduct from CH:15738 m to 20900 m on Corridor-2 of the Chennai Metro Rail Project, Phase I. Key details include the contract number, tender validity period of 120 days, time for completion of 730 days from commencement, and eligibility requirements for tenderers. The instructions cover preparation of tenders, technical and financial package requirements, clarifications, amendments, submission process, opening and evaluation. Tenderers are advised to carefully examine all documents and seek any clarifications needed on the project.
This document outlines procedures for conducting axial load tests on pile foundations to determine their load capacity and load transfer mechanisms. There are two main types of tests: compression and pullout (tension) tests. Compression tests apply load via dead weights or hydraulic jacks, while pullout tests use hydraulic jacks connected to reaction supports. Instrumentation measures pile head movement and strain along the pile. Testing procedures include slow maintained load, quick maintained load, incremental equilibrium, and constant rate penetration tests.
This document provides an overview of principles of construction safety. It discusses fundamentals of safety including definitions, causes of accidents, and techniques for accident prevention. It also covers measuring safety performance through accident investigation and inspections. Additional sections address construction safety management techniques, developing safety policies and plans, assessing risks, and control strategies for construction work. The document concludes with discussions of specific construction hazards and solutions and a quick reference safety guide.
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B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
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Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
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How to Start Up a Company: A Step-by-Step Guide Starting a company is an exciting adventure that combines creativity, strategy, and hard work. It can seem overwhelming at first, but with the right guidance, anyone can transform a great idea into a successful business. Let's dive into how to start up a company, from the initial spark of an idea to securing funding and launching your startup.
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Have you ever dreamed of turning your innovative idea into a thriving business? Starting a company involves numerous steps and decisions, but don't worry—we're here to help. Whether you're exploring how to start a startup company or wondering how to start up a small business, this guide will walk you through the process, step by step.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
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Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
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Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
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The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
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4648
1. IS : 4648 - 1968
( Reaffirmed 1997 )
Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR ELECTRICAL LAYOUT IN
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
( Fifth Reprint SEPTEMBER 1996 )
UUC 621’316’172 D696’6
0 CopYright 1973
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI I10002
Gr 4 July 1968
2. IS : 4648 - 1968
Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR ELECTRICAL LAYOUT IN
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Power Installation and Maintenance Sectional Committee, ETDC 20
Represcnfiflg
Mysore State Electricity Board, Bangalore
Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi
Gotrmment of Maharashtra
I Iydro-Electric Construction Project, Bangalore
Insurance Association of India, Bombay
Sicmens India Ltd, Bombay
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
Eastct-n Regional Electrical Contractors’ Association
(India ) Ltd, Calcutta
The Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation Ltd,
Calcutta.
Government of West Bengal
The Federation of Electricity Undertakings of India,
Bombay
CllIEF ELIXTRICAL ENGINLER Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways )
( ~VORTIII~RN RArr.w.iY )
SlIRI hf. I<. (:IIOPR. Punjab State Electricity Board, Patialn
snat 1;. R. DE0 The Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur
S,tRl R. I’Al)X!.h.Al:ll.S ( .#/C,‘WltC
)
kh<I I;. K. GLVTA Jyoti Limited, Baroda
Slrnr A. l).TTA ( dilcrr!at~~ )
&RI 11. ‘. HOR’IUN The Associated Electrical Industries ( India) Private
Ltd, Calcutta
StrRI 13. 1’. RAW,?; ( .dkV,&)
SHRI I;. C. JI;IUTII Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters
( Ministry of Defence)
&RI hf. G. KAXIAT Tata-Ebasco Consulting Engineering Services,
Bombay
SIIRI U. G. ACHARY, ( Mefnale )
SHRI N. K. OFFICEWALA Larsen and Toubro Ltd, Bombay
SHRI RANES RAY CHAUDHURI
( Allcrnate )
( Continued on page 2 )
BUREAU OF INDFAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI lItlOO?
3. I!3: 46y8 - 1968
( Continued from page 1 )
Members Repesenting
SHRI P. R. PARIKH The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport Under-
taking, Bombay
Snm B. H. MKATRE ( Alternate )
SHRI K. R. RADHAKRISHNAN Government of Madras
SHRI M. L. SACHDEVA Government of Punjab
SENIOR ASSISTANT THE CHIEF
TO
ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR Alternate )
(
SHRI I. C. SANQBR Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking, New Delhi
SHRI P. S. SAWHNEY ( Alternate )
SHRI N. R. SARKAR Indian Engineering Association, Calcutta
SHRI HARI ESWARAN ( Alfernate )
SHRI A. SUBRAMA~AM Madras State Electricity Board, Madras
SHRI E. S. NARAYANAN( Alternate )
&IRIS. N. VlNZE Central Water & Power Commission ( Power Wing ),
New Delhi
SHRI A. N. SINGH ( Alternate )
SHRI Y. S. VENKATESWARAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&o Member)
Director ( Elec tech )
Secretary
SXRI R. C. BAJPAI
Assistant Director ( Elec tech ), ISI
2
4. IS:4648-1968
Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR ELECTRICAL LAYOUT IN
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 7 June 1968, after the draft finalized by the Power Installation and
Maintenance Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electro-
technical Division Council.
0.2 Use of electrical appliances, both portable and fixed, has now become
very common and popular. The optimum benefits from the use of
electricity can be obtained only if the installation is of sufficient capacity
and affords flexibility in the use of electrical fittings and appliances. The
necessity, therefore, of providing adequate number of socket-outlets should
be fully appreciated.
0.3 An important consideration in planning any electrical layout is safety.
However, besides safety, other considerations, such as efficiency, con-
venience and provision for future increase in load should also be kept in
mind while planning the electrical layout in any building.
0.4 The rise in annual consumption of electrical energy in residential
buildings along with the trends in the development of use of new electrical
appliances has been kept in mind while preparing this guide. Although
this guide has been written to apply to new installations, but it would be
equally applicable to electrical modernization of existing residences.
0.5 Proper level of illumination is an important factor to be considered
while planning electrical layout for a building. This guide gives
recommendations on illumination levels in different parts of a residential
building. The illumination data given are based on IS : 3646 ( Part II)-
1966*.
0.6 This guide is intended to be of assistance to architects, engineers,
builders, electrical contractors and the owners of the residences in planning
and designing a residence in such a way as to obtam maximum advantage
of electricity.
0.7 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
*Code of practice for interior illumination: Part II Schedule for values of illumination
and glare index.
3
5. expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance
with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this
standard.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This guide prescribes, for single family dwellings, the electrical
installations needed to provide satisfactory facilities by the use of electri-
city. While this guide is primarily intended to apply to single family
dwellings, the criteria are also applicable to the individual dwellings of
multi-family residences in so far as the latter are self-contained.
1.2 This guide is applicable for low voltage systems up to 250 V both ac
and dc.
1.3 This guide does not include methnds of installing the prescribed
electrical facilities.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this guide, the following definitions shall apply.
2.1 Apparahs - Electrical apparatus including all machines, appliances
and fittings in which conductors are used or of which they form a part.
2.2 Appliance - An energy-consuming device or equipment ( other than
a lamp ) fixed or portable, in which the electrical energy is converted into
light, heat, motion or any other form of energy or substantially changed in
its electrical character.
2.2.1 Appliance for Building-in - An appliance intended to be installed
in a cupboard, fitment or sink unit, in a prepared recess in a wall, or in
a similar situation.
2.2.2 Hand-Held Appliance - An appliance held in the hand or carried
on any part of the body during normal use.
2.2.3 Light Electrical Appliance - An . appliance
. having a loading not
exceeding 5f1 kW, and in case of Its bemg motor-operated having a motor
of rating not exceeding 750 W intended for use on circuits in whicll the
operating voltage does not exceed 250 volts.
2.2.4 Stationary Appliance -An appliance intended to be fixed to its
supporting surface or used in one place.
2.2.5 Transportable Appliance - An appliance which may he moved from
. . .
one place to another while in service and which IS mtended for connection
to the supply by means of a plug and socket.
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( reoiscd).
4
6. IS I 4648 - 1968
2.3 Cable T A length of single-insulated conductor ( solid or stranded )
or two or more such conductors, each provided with its own insulation,
which are laid up together. The insulated conductor or conductors may
or may not be provided with an overall mechanical protective covering.
2.3.1 Flexible Cable -A cable containing one or more cores, each
formed of a group of wires, the diameters of the cores and of the wires
being sufficiently small to afford flexibility.
2.3.2 Flexible Cord ( Flex ) - A flexible cable having conductor of cross-
sectional area up to and including 4 mm2. Two flexible cords twisted
together are known as ‘ Twin flexible cord ‘.
2.3.3 Non-detachableFlexible Cord -A flexible cord so connected to the
appliance that it may only be removed with the use of tools.
2.4 Cut-Out - Any appliance for automatically interrupting the transmis-
sion of energy through any conductor when the current rises above a pre-
determined amount, and shall also include fusible cut-out.
2.5 Earth - A connection to the general mass of earth by means of an
earth electrode. An object is said to be ‘ earthed ’ when it is electrically
connected to an hearth electrode; and a conductor is said to be ‘ solidly
earthed ’ when it is electrically connected to an earth electrode without
intentional addition of resistance or impedance in the earth connection.
2.5.1 Earth Gntinuity Conductor The conductor,
- including any clamp,
connecting to the earthing lead or to each other those parts of an installa-
tion which are required to be earthed. It may be in whole or in part the
metal conduit or the metal sheath or armour of the cables, or a special
continuity conductor, cable or flexible cord incorporating such a
conductor.
2.5.2 Earth Wise - A conductor connected to earth~and usually situated
in proximity to the associated line conductors.
2.6 Insulated - Insulated shall mean separated from adjacent conducting
material or protc cted from personal contact by a non-conducting substance
or an air space, in either case offering permanently sufficient resistance to
the passage of current or to disruptive discharges through or over the
surface of the substance or space, to obviate danger or shock or injurious
leakage of current
2.7 Rated Ioput - The power input assigned to the appliance by the
manufacturer and marked on it. It is understood that the rated input
refers to the input in watts or kilowatts at normal operating conditions.
2.8 Fuse - A device that, by the fusion of one or more of its specially
designed and proportioned components, opens the circuit in which it is
inserted when the current through it exceeds a given value for a sufficient
time. The fuse comprises all the parts that form the complete device.
2.8.1 Rewirable Fuse - A fuse in ivhich the fuse-element consists of a
wire which may be replaced when necessary.
c
J
7. Is : 4648 - 1968
2.8.2 Cartridge Fuse-Link - A fuse-link having a totally enclosed
container usually cylindrical, provided at its two ends with metal contacts,
the shape of which varies according to the type of fuse.
2.9 Live -An object is said to be 1live ’ when a difference of potential
exists between it and earth.
2.10 Switch - A manually operated device for closing and opening or for
changing the connection of a circuit.
2.10.1 Cord Operated Ceiling Switch - A switch for mounting on a ceiling
or suitable overhead surface and operated by means of a cord or the like.
2.X0.2 Double-Pole Switch - A switch with two poles, the poles being
mechanically coupled together.
2.10.3 Flush Type Switch - A switch for mounting behind or incorporated
with a switch plate, the back of the plate being flush with the surface of
the wall or switch box.
2.10.4 One-Way Switch - A switch capable of making and breaking a
single circuit only.
2.10.5 Push-Button Switch - A switch operated by a push-button.
2.10.6 Semi-recessed Switch -A switch for mounting with its base
partially sunk into the surface of a wall or enclosure.
2.10.7 Single-Pole Switch - A switch with~one pole.
2.10.8 Surface Type Switch-A switch provided with a seating so that
when mounted, it projects wholly above the surface on which it is mounted.
2.10.9 Tumbler Switch -A switch operated by moving an actuating
member called dolly in a plane perpendicular to the base ofthe switch.
2.1O.rO Two- Way Switch - A switch having three terminals per pole or
phase and commonly used to control a load from two positions.
2.11 Switch Plate -A plate designed for covering a flush type switch
and box.
2.12 Switch Box - A box intended to contain a switch and to be recessed
into or mounted on a wall.
2.13 Plug -A device carrying three metrtllic contacts in the form of pins,
intended for engagement with corresponding socket contacts and arranged
for attachment to a flexible cord or cable.
2.14 Socket Outlet - A device carrying three metallic contacts designed
for engagement with corresponding plug pins and arranged for connection
to fixed G-in=.
6
8. IS:4648-1968
2.15 Shuttered Socket-Outlet - A socket-outlet having provision for
screening its line and neutral socket contacts automatically with a
shutter when they are not in .engagement with the corresponding plug
pins.
2.16 Socket Contact - Metallic contacts in the socket-outlet which
engage with the pins of the plug.
2.17 Usable Wall Space - All portions of a wall, except that occupied by
a door in its normal open position, or occupied by a fireplace opening,
but excluding wall spaces which are less than 1 m in extent measured along
the wall at the floor line.
3. EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
3.1 Before starting wiring and installation of fittings and accessories,
information should be exchanged between the owner of the building or
architect or electrical contractor and the local supply authority in respect
of tariffs applicable, types of apparatus that may be connected under
earth tariff, requirement of space for installing meters, switches, etc,
and for total load requirements of lights, fans and power.
3.2 While planning an installation, consideration should be taken of
the anticipated in :ase in the use of electricity for lighting, general
purpose socket-outlet, kitchen, heating, etc. It is essential that adequate
provision should be made for all the services which may be required
immediately and during the intended useful life of the building, for
the householder may otherwise be tempted to carry out extension of the
installation himself or to rely upon use of multiplug adaptors and long
flexible cords, both of which are not recommended. A fundamentally safe
installation may be rendered dangerous, if extended in this way.
3.3 Time Schedule - Electrical installation in a new building should
normally begin immediately on the completion of the main structural
building work. For conduit wiring system, the work should start before
finishing work like plastering has begun. For surface wiring system,
however, work should begin before final finishing work like white washing,
painting, etc. Usually, no installation work should start until the build-
ing is reasonably weatherproof, but where electric wiring is to be concealed
within the structures, the necessary conduits and ducts should be positioned
after the shuttering is in place and before the concrete is poured, provision
being made to protect conduits from damage.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General - All fittings, accessories and appliances shall conform to the
relevant Indian Standards wherever available. A list of Indian Standards
applicable for the purpose of this guide is given in Appendix A.
NOTE -As far as the appliancesarc concerned, this guide applies only for light
electrical appliances.
7
9. IS : 4648 - 1968
4.2 Installation
4.2.1 Wiring - Any one of the following types of wiring may be used in
a residential building. All wiring shall be installed in accordance with
IS : 732-1963*.
a) Wood casing wiring,
b) Batten wiring,
c) Rigid steel conduit wiring,
d) Rigid non-metallic conduit wiring, and
e) Tough rubber sheathed or PVC, sheathed wiring.
4.2.2 Fitting and Accessories -All electrical fittings and wiring acces-
sories shall be installed in accordance with IS : 732-1963’. Particular
attention is drawn to 4 and 5 of IS : 732-I963*.
4.3 The system should provide ease of access to fittings for maintenance and
repair and for any possible modification to the system. Modifications to
the system shall be done only by licensed electrical contractors licensed
under the Indian Electricity Rules.
5. ENERGY METERS, MAIN SWITCHES AND CUT-OUTS
5.1 It is recommended to have two distinct circuits, one for lights and fans
and the other for high wattage ( power) appliances,
5.2 Energy meters shall be installed at such a place which .,is readily
accessible to both the owner of the building and the authorized representa-
tives of the supply authority. These should be installed at a height where
it is convenient to note the meter reading; it should preferably not be
installed below 1 m from the ground. The energy meters should either be
provided with ~a protective covering, enclosing it completely except the
glass window through which the readings are noted or should be mounted
inside a completely enclosed panel provided with hinged or sliding doors
with arrangement for locking it.
5.3 Isolation and Protection - Means for isolating the supply to the
building shall be provided immediately after the energy meter and
near to the point of commencement of supply. The main switch
controlling the supply to the building should be readily accessible to the
consumer.
5.3.1 The fuses or any other protective device used in the installation
should be capable ofinterrupting any short-circuit current, that may occur,
without danger.
*Code of practice for electrical wiring installations ( system voltage not exceeding 650
volts ) ( reuised .
)
8
10. IS : 4648 - 1968
5.4 As far as possible the insulated cable connected to the live line of the
supply should be of red, yellow or blue colour while that connected to the
neutral should be of black colour.
5.5 All switches shall be installed on the live lines only and never on the
neutral.
6. EARTHING
6.1 Means shall be provided for proper earthing of all apparatus and
appliances in accordance with IS : 3013-1966*.
6.2 An earthing conductor shall be installed along with circuit conductors.
The earthing conductor may be uninsulated but where it is provided with
an insulated covxing, the covering shall be finished to show a green
colour.
6.3 All portable appliances and other plu g-in appliances shall be earthed
by the use of J-pin socket-outlets.
6.4 Radio Sets - From the point of view of good reception, it is recom-
mended that radio sets shouId be earthed through an electrode different
from that of the main earth system for other electrical appliances. How-
ever, if it is not possible to have separate earth electrode, radio sets may
be earthed through the main earth system.
7. SUB-CIRCUITS
7.1 Types of Sub-Circuits -The sub-circuits may be divided into the
following two groups:
a) Light and fan sub-circuit, and
b) Power sub-circuit.
7.1.1 After the main switch, the supply shall be brought to a distri-
btl tion board. Separate distribution boards shall be used for light and
power circuits. Branch distribution boards shall be provided with a fuse
on the live conductor of each circuit while neutral conductor of each
circuit shall be connected to a common link capable of being disconnected
individually for testing purposes. One spare circuit of adequate capacity
shall be provided on each branch distribution board. A typical distri-
bution scheme is shown in Fig. 1.
7.2 Light and Fan Sub-Circuit - Lights and fans may be wired on a
common circuit. Each sub-circuit shall have not more than a total of ten
points of lights, fans and 5A socket-outlets. The load on each sub-circuit
shall be restricted to 800 watts: If a separate circuit is installed for fans
*CC& of practice for earthing.
9
11.
12. IS:4648-1968
only, the number of fans in that circuit shall not exceed ten, It is recom-
mended to provide at last two lighting sub-circuits in each house so that
in case of a fault in one sub-circuit, the whole house is not plunged in
total darkness. It is also recommended that a separate lighting sub-circuit
be utilized for all external lighting of steps, walkways, driveways, porch,
carport, terrace, etc, with a master double-pole switch for the sub-circuit
in addition to the individual switches.
7.3 Power Sub-Circuit - The load on each power sub-circuit should
normally be restricted to 3 000 watts. In no case shall there be more than
two outlets on each sub-circuit.
7.3.1 If the load on any power sub-circuit exceeds 3 000 watts, the
wiring for that sub-circuit shall be done in consultation with the supply
authority.
8. LIGHTING
8.1 Lighting in houses should be regarded as an important aspect of
interior decoration and planning of the installation should be based on this
conception. Illumination level in different parts of the building shall be
in accordance with Table 1. Reference is also invited to IS : 3646-
( Part II )-1966*.
8.2 A switch shall be provided adjacent to normal entrance to any area
for controlling the general lighting in that area. The switches should be
fixed on a usable wall space and should not be obstructed by a ,door or
window in its fully open position. They may be installed at any height
up to 1.3 m above the floor level.
8.3 Two-way switching is recommended for halls and staircases.
8.4 Switches and bell pushes should preferably be self-illuminating where
they are often operated in dark.
8.5 Deep, dark cupboards and larders may be fitted with a lighting outlet,
preferably with a door switch.
8;6 Local light fittings in kitchens should be so placed that all working
surfaces are well illuminated and no shadow falls on them when in normal
use.
8.7 In living and dining rooms if a cover or valance is provided, a lighting
outlet should be provided and should have a separate switch.
8.8 In bed rooms it is-recommended that some lighting be controlled from
the bed location.
*Co& of practice for interior illumination: Part II Schedule for values of illumination
and glare index.
11
13. IS : 4648 - 1968
TABLE 1 RECOMMENDED LEVELS OF ILLUMINATION FOR
DIFFERENT PARTS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
( C/uurc 8.1 )
LOCATION ILLu~~INA~~N LEVEL
LUX
Entrances, hallways 100
Living room 300
Dining room 150
Bedroom:
General 300
Dressing tables, bead heads 200
Games or recreation room 100
Table games 300
Kitchen 200
Kitchen sink 300
Laundry 200
Bathroom 100
Bathroom mirror 300
Sewing ioo
Workshop 200
Stairs . 100
Garage 70
Study 300
8.9 For bathrooms it is recommendedto use ceiling lighting with the
.switch located outside the bathroom or alternatively insulated cord
operated switch may be used. However, if the light switch is installed
inside the bathroom, it should be out of reach of a person in a bath tub
or under the shower.
8.10 Halls opening into bedrooms and staircases should also be provided
wit11 night-lighting level in addition to normal lighting level.
8.11 It is recommended that lighting facilities be provided for lighting of
all steps, walkways, driveways, porch, carport, terrace, etc, with switches
for each provided inside the house at a convenient place. If the switches
are installed outdoors, they should be weatherproof.
8.12 Sufficient illumination should be provided in the garages with
switches at each normal entrance to the garage and also inside the house.
8.13 Waterproof lighting fittings should be used for outdoor lighting.
12
14. IS : 4648 - 1968
9. SOCKET-OUTLETS
9.1 All plugs and socket-outlets shall be of S-pin type, the appropriate pin
of the socket being connected permanently to the earthing system.
9.2 Adequate number of socket-outlets shall be placed suitably in all rooms
so as to avoid use of long lengths offlexible cords.
9.3 Only 3-p%, 5A socket-outlets shall be used in all light and fan sub-
circuits and only 3-pin, 15A socket-outlets shall be used in all power
sub-circuits. All socket-outlets shall be controlled by individual switches
which shall be located immediately adjacent to it. For 5A socket-outlets,
if desired, be installed at a height of 130 cm above the floor level. In
situations where a socket-outlet is accessible to children, it is recom-
mended to use shuttered or interlocked socket-outlets.
9.3.1 In case an appliance requiring the use of a socket-outlet of rating
higher than 15A is to be used, it should be connected through a double-
pole switch of appropriate rating. In no case shall a socket-outlet of
rating higher than 15.~ should be installed.
9.4 Socket-outlets shall not be located centrally behind the appliances
with which they are used. Socket-outlets shall be installed either 25 cm
or 130 cm above the floor as desired.
9.5 It is recommended that S-pin, 15A socket-outlets may be provided near
the shelves, book cases, clock position, probable bed positions, ~etc.
9.6 Depending on the size of the kitchen, one or two 3-pin, 5A socket-out-
lets shall be provided to plug-in hot plates and other appliances. Dining
rooms, bed rooms, living rooms, and study room, if required, shall each be
provided with at least one 3-pin, 15A socket-outlet.
9.7 No socket-outlet shall be provided in the bathroom at a height less
than 130 cm.
9.8 A recommended schedule of socket-outIets is given below:
Location J&mber of JVumber of
5A Socket-Outlets 15A Socket-Outlets
Bed room 2 to 3 1
Living room
Kitchen 1
2 to 3 ;
Dining room 2 1
Garage 1 1
For refrigerator - 1
For air-conditioner - 1 ( for each )
Varandah 1 per 10 me 1
Bathroom 1 1
13
15. IS:4648-1968
9.9 Multiplug adaptors for connecting more than one appliance to one
socket-outlet should not be used.
10. FANS
10.1 All ceiling fans shall be installed in accordance with 5.8-l of
IS : 732-1963*.
10.2 Ceiling fans shall be wired to ceiling roses or to special connector
boxes. All ceiling fans shall be provided with a switch besides its
regulator.
10.3 Fans shall be suspended from hooks or shackles with insulators
between hooks and suspension rods.
10.4 Unless otherwise specified, all ceiling fans shall be hung not less than
2.75 m above the floor.
11. FLEXIBLE CORDS
11.1 Flexible cords shall be used only for the following purposes:
a) For pendants,
b) For wiring of fixtures, and
c) For connection of transportable and hand-held appliances.
11.2 Flexible cords shall not be used in the following cases:
a) As a substitute for the fixed wiring;
b) Where cables may have to run into holes through the ceiling,
walls, floors, windows, etc;
c) For concealed wiring; and
d) If attached permanently to the walls, ceilings, etc.
*Code of practice for electrical wiring installations (system voltage not exceeding 650
volts ) ( revised).
14
16. lS:4648-1968
-APPENDIX A
( Clause 4.1 )
LIST OF INDIAN STANDARDS REQUIRED FOR THIS GUIDE
IS:
365-1965 Electric hot plates ( nvised)
366-1965 Electric irons (revised )
367-1965 Electric kettles ( revised )
368-1963 Electric immersion water heaters ( revised)
369-1965 Electric radiators ( revised )
371-1966 Ceiling roses (Jirsl revision )
374-1966 Electric ceiling type fans and regulators ( second revision )
555-1967 Electric table type fans and regulators ( second revision )
732-1963 Code of practice for electrical wiring installations (system voltage not exceed-
ing 650 volts ) (revised )
1169-1967 Electric pedestal type fans and regulators (Jirsl revision )
1287-1965 EIectric toasters ( revised )
1293-1967 Three-pin plugs and socket-outlets ( jirsr revision )
1653-1972 Rigid steel conduits for electrical wiring ( second revision )
2082-1965 Storage type automatic electric water heaters (revised)
2268-1966 Electric call bells and buzzers for indoor use ( revised )
2412-1963 Link clips for electrical wiring
2509-1963 Rigid non-metallic conduits for electrical_installations
2667-1964 Fittings for rigid steel conduits for electrical wiring
2994-1965 Electric stoves
3010 ( Part I )-1965 Appliance-connectors and appliance-inlets ( non-reversible three-
pin type): Part I Appliance-connectors
3412.1965 Electric water boilers
3419-1965 Fittings for rigid non-metallic conduits
3481-1966 Electric portable lamp stands and brackets
3482-1966 Electric saucepans
3514-1966 Electric coffee percolators ( non-regulator type )
3528-1966 Waterproof electric lighting fittings
3646 (Part II)-1966 Code of practice for interior illumination: Part II Schedule for
values of illumination and glare index
3854-1966 Switches ‘for domestic and similar purposes
4160-1967 Interlocking switch socket outlet
4250-1967 Domestic electric food mixers ( liquidizers, blenders and grinders )
15
17. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters :
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 116002
Telephones : 331 01 31
331 1375
371 94 02
Telegrams : Manaksanstha
(Common to all Offices)
Regional Offices : Telephone
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 331 6617
335 3841
*Eastern : l/l4 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 37 66 62
Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 166022 603643
Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 6OOt13 23523 15
TWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East), BOMBAY 460093 832 92 95
Branch Offices :
‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMADABAD 380001 301348
*Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangafore-Tumkur Road, 639 49 55
BANGALORE 560058
Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462903 55 40 21 I
Plot No. 21 Satyanagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751007 463627
Kalaikathir Building, 6148 Avanashi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 21 01 41
Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 8-28 88 61
Savitri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 8-71 19 96
53/5 Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 781003 541137
5-8-56C L.N. Gupta Marg, Nampally Station Road, HYDERABAD 560601 201083
R 14, Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 381374
117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 2168 76
Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 23 89 23
LUCKNOW 226001
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 806013 262305
T.C. No. 140421, University P.O., Palayam, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 6 21 17
Inspection Offices (With Sale Point) :
Pushpanjali, 1st floor, 205-A, West High Court Road, Shankar Nagar Square, 52 51 71
NAGPUR 440010
Institution of Engineers (India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 32 36 35
PUNE 411005
* Sales Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street, 271085
CALCUTTA 706672
TSales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, BOMBAY 400007 3096528
$Sales Office is at ‘F Block, Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, 2223971
BANGALORE 560002
Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi
18. AMENDMENT NO. 1 OCTOBER 1980
IS : 4648-1968 GUIDE ROELECTRICAL LAYOUT IN
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Alteration
( Page 11, clause 7.2, lust sentence ) - Delete.
( BTDC 20 )
Prlnted at Simco Prjntino Press, Delhi, lndla