This document lists 86 references related to concrete technology. It includes books on concrete chemistry, properties, mix design, testing, durability, construction techniques, and standards. Many of the references are publications from organizations like ACI, RILEM, Cement and Concrete Association. The list covers topics like aggregates, admixtures, lightweight concrete, precast concrete, corrosion, and non-destructive testing of hardened concrete. It also provides 50 listings of relevant Indian Standards for cement, concrete, and their testing.
George was a preacher who lived and preached in Jamaica and Virginia but was taken to live in Savannah. He was the first to preach in these areas. The passage also mentions Sir Henry Bessemer who developed a method for making steel from iron, Andrew Carnegie who built the steel industry in America, and John D. Rockefeller who organized and prospered the oil industry and was the first billionaire in history.
The document discusses notable scientists and their achievements. It mentions that UK scientists have received 46 Nobel Prizes in the last 50 years. It also identifies Marie Curie as a physicist who discovered penicillin in 1928, Alexander Graham Bell as the inventor of the telephone in 1876, and Volodymyr Vernadsky as a famous Ukrainian scientist.
The document provides definitions and descriptions of various construction and building terminology. It describes components related to air barriers, attic ventilation, backhoes, batter boards, brick bonds, brick sizes, bulldozers, cladding, code requirements, concrete joints, concrete masonry units, decorative concrete masonry units, doors, electrical components, framing elements, front end loaders, gypsum board, heat pumps, insulation, and more. Diagrams and images are included to illustrate many of the terms.
This document is the Indian Standard Specification for Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars and Hard-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement. It outlines requirements for mild steel and medium tensile steel reinforcement bars in round and square sections. The standard covers physical and mechanical properties of the bars, methods for testing, welding requirements, and provides definitions for key terminology. It aims to standardize specifications for reinforcement bars used in concrete structures in India.
This document provides a technical evaluation of refrigeration compressor package bids from GEA and York for an SLIC project. It includes pressure-enthalpy diagrams mapped from the suppliers' proposals to check the energy balances. The GEA proposal is found to meet the required process duties with some streams mixed at lower pressures. The York proposal also meets duties but provides slightly different enthalpy values than calculated from REFPROP. Both proposals are determined to provide adequate cooling capacities with some margins.
This document is the Indian Standard from 1968 on guidelines for electrical layout in residential buildings. It provides an overview of considerations for planning electrical systems in homes, including safety, efficiency, convenience and allowing for future load increases. It recommends illumination levels for different areas. The standard is intended to assist architects, engineers and homeowners in designing residential electrical systems to maximize the benefits of electricity usage. It covers low voltage AC and DC systems up to 250V for single-family dwellings and individual units in multi-family homes.
Attachment 4_How to trim LP stage flow limits for 2-stage compressionsCangTo Cheah
1) The document contains performance curve data for a multi-stage compressor, including plots of polytropic head and efficiency versus volume flow for each stage.
2) To evaluate the operable range between stages, the author calculates discharge flow rates from stage one across its operating envelope and accounts for interstage cooling.
3) These flows are then compared to the surge and choke limits of stage two on a flow versus flow plot to identify the maximum transferable range.
4) Only approximately 1/3 of stage one's area is found to be operable due to aerodynamic mismatch between the stages.
George was a preacher who lived and preached in Jamaica and Virginia but was taken to live in Savannah. He was the first to preach in these areas. The passage also mentions Sir Henry Bessemer who developed a method for making steel from iron, Andrew Carnegie who built the steel industry in America, and John D. Rockefeller who organized and prospered the oil industry and was the first billionaire in history.
The document discusses notable scientists and their achievements. It mentions that UK scientists have received 46 Nobel Prizes in the last 50 years. It also identifies Marie Curie as a physicist who discovered penicillin in 1928, Alexander Graham Bell as the inventor of the telephone in 1876, and Volodymyr Vernadsky as a famous Ukrainian scientist.
The document provides definitions and descriptions of various construction and building terminology. It describes components related to air barriers, attic ventilation, backhoes, batter boards, brick bonds, brick sizes, bulldozers, cladding, code requirements, concrete joints, concrete masonry units, decorative concrete masonry units, doors, electrical components, framing elements, front end loaders, gypsum board, heat pumps, insulation, and more. Diagrams and images are included to illustrate many of the terms.
This document is the Indian Standard Specification for Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars and Hard-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement. It outlines requirements for mild steel and medium tensile steel reinforcement bars in round and square sections. The standard covers physical and mechanical properties of the bars, methods for testing, welding requirements, and provides definitions for key terminology. It aims to standardize specifications for reinforcement bars used in concrete structures in India.
This document provides a technical evaluation of refrigeration compressor package bids from GEA and York for an SLIC project. It includes pressure-enthalpy diagrams mapped from the suppliers' proposals to check the energy balances. The GEA proposal is found to meet the required process duties with some streams mixed at lower pressures. The York proposal also meets duties but provides slightly different enthalpy values than calculated from REFPROP. Both proposals are determined to provide adequate cooling capacities with some margins.
This document is the Indian Standard from 1968 on guidelines for electrical layout in residential buildings. It provides an overview of considerations for planning electrical systems in homes, including safety, efficiency, convenience and allowing for future load increases. It recommends illumination levels for different areas. The standard is intended to assist architects, engineers and homeowners in designing residential electrical systems to maximize the benefits of electricity usage. It covers low voltage AC and DC systems up to 250V for single-family dwellings and individual units in multi-family homes.
Attachment 4_How to trim LP stage flow limits for 2-stage compressionsCangTo Cheah
1) The document contains performance curve data for a multi-stage compressor, including plots of polytropic head and efficiency versus volume flow for each stage.
2) To evaluate the operable range between stages, the author calculates discharge flow rates from stage one across its operating envelope and accounts for interstage cooling.
3) These flows are then compared to the surge and choke limits of stage two on a flow versus flow plot to identify the maximum transferable range.
4) Only approximately 1/3 of stage one's area is found to be operable due to aerodynamic mismatch between the stages.
This issue travels to Monterrey, Mexico for our feature story on waterproofing the award winning ‘La Capital’ and the reinvention of Mexico’s third largest city. We also describe the importance of Life Cycle Costs by comparing conventional and sustainable building designs, and also touch on the biggest risk to structures this century.
309.1 r 93 - behavior of fresh concrete during vibrationMOHAMMED SABBAR
The document summarizes the history of concrete vibration from the early 20th century to present day. It discusses how vibration techniques evolved from manual tamping to the development of vibratory machines in the 1930s. Research in the 1940s-1960s improved understanding of how vibration reduces friction and consolidates concrete. Key findings showed eccentric moment, weight, and frequency are important vibrator parameters. Recent studies examine the rheological behavior of fresh concrete and how internal, surface, and form vibration techniques consolidate different concrete mixtures. Ongoing research continues to enhance understanding of the vibration-concrete interaction.
Metal casting has a long history dating back over 5,000 years when the earliest known casting, a copper frog, was created in Mesopotamia in 3200 BC. Since its discovery, metal casting has played a critical role in advancing human civilization and is now more essential than ever in our everyday lives. Some key developments in metal casting over time include the discovery of iron in 2000 BC, the first production of cast iron in China around 800-700 BC, and the invention of sand molding in 645 BC. Modern innovations include semi-solid metalworking in the early 1970s, vacuum molding developed by the Japanese in 1971, and electromagnetic casting processes developed in 1997.
This document provides the design criteria for reinforced concrete bins used for storing granular and powdery materials. It covers the requirements for circular, polygonal, and interstice bins. The criteria include specifications for materials like cement and steel reinforcement. It also provides notations for structural design values and requirements for general bin design including dimensions, shape, and layout.
This document provides a history of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). It discusses how FRC was first developed in ancient times using straw or hair to reinforce mud bricks. In the late 19th century, asbestos fibers were mixed with cement to create strong sheets. Research on FRC intensified in the 1950s and 1960s when various fiber types including steel, glass and polypropylene were experimented with. Since then, fiber geometries have become more complex to improve bonding with cement. The document also examines common fiber types used in FRC like steel, glass and asbestos fibers and their effects on concrete properties. It provides examples of FRC applications in construction.
This document provides an overview of site investigation planning and procurement. It discusses the objectives of site investigation, which include site selection, foundation and earthworks design, temporary works design, assessing environmental impacts, investigating existing construction, designing remedial works, and conducting safety checks. The document also outlines the history and development of site investigation techniques from ancient times through the 20th century, noting important contributions from Terzaghi, Casagrande, and others to establishing modern soil mechanics principles and standardized investigation methods.
a brief overview of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) by Milad Nourizadeh from Civil engineering department of the University of Tabriz.
I've introduce some types of fiber with their historical backgrounds and their mechanical properties as well as their advantages and this advantages.
I also present some applications of FRC all over the world.
Finally, I hope you enjoy that!
Errata: Let's Begin in second slide
This document provides a list of Indian Standard (IS) codes related to civil engineering and specifically codes for cement and concrete. It categorizes over 100 IS codes for cement and concrete, covering standards for different types of cement, concrete, aggregates, testing methods, construction practices, and more. The codes establish standards for materials, testing procedures, construction techniques, and other areas important for cement and concrete used in civil engineering projects in India.
This document summarizes the key changes between editions of the Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM). The third edition (CESMM3) introduces standard methods of measurement for water main renovation and simple building works incidental to civil engineering projects. It also includes amendments to align with the ICE Conditions of Contract sixth edition. The main changes are minor amendments and corrections with no changes to principles or general arrangement. Feedback from industry organizations was incorporated in drafting CESMM3.
This document is the Indian Standard Code of Practice for General Construction of Plain and Reinforced Concrete for Dams and Other Massive Structures from 1957. It provides guidelines for materials, concrete mix design, placement, curing, forms, joints, and testing for large concrete structures. The code is intended to ensure durability, strength, impermeability and uniformity of concrete in major projects. It references other Indian Standards and specifications for concrete and calls for special instructions particular to individual jobs.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures in India. It covers materials, concrete mix design, placement, curing, formwork, joints, and testing. The code aims to ensure durability, strength, impermeability and uniformity of concrete structures. It establishes requirements for cement, aggregates, water, admixtures and reinforcement to be used. It also provides guidelines for mixing, placing, compacting, curing concrete and constructing joints.
This document provides a guide for tunnel lining design. It begins with an introduction that outlines the guide's structure and objectives. The guide is then divided into 10 chapters that cover topics such as project definition, geotechnical characterization, design considerations, theoretical analysis methods, instrumentation and monitoring, and quality management. Case histories are also provided. The overall aim is to provide practical recommendations and guidance to help engineers properly design tunnel linings.
The document provides a history of polymer development from 1833 to the present. It notes key events and discoveries such as:
- 1833 - Coining of the term "polymer" by Berzelius
- 1920 - Staudinger proposes the macromolecular theory of polymers
- 1930s - Development of plastics as an industry with the discovery of polymers like polyethylene, nylon, and polystyrene
- 1940s - Polymers play a key role in World War 2 and postwar applications emerge in textiles, toys, packaging
- 1950s - Synthetic fibers and plastics enter widespread domestic and commercial use
- 1960s/70s - Innovation in polymer color, design, and
Sheet1gdΔyd/31010.10.3333333333yLsin(thet)vB=vCt_AC=tCDt_BCt0.10.3480102170.28734788561.41421356240.49216076870.23570226041.22002379770.20.38873012630.514495755420.38873012630.16666666670.94412691930.30.44845413490.66896473162.44948974280.36616126790.13608276350.86840529920.40.52068331170.76822127962.82842712470.36817870060.11785113020.85420853130.50.60092521260.83205029433.16227766020.3800584750.10540925530.86552620540.60.68637534270.87415727613.46410161510.39627898890.09622504490.88878302260.70.77531355660.90286051883.74165738680.4144225280.08908708060.91793213670.80.86666666670.923076923140.43333333330.08333333330.950.90.95974533660.93774876074.24264068710.45242829050.07856742010.983424001111.05409255340.94868329814.4721359550.47140452080.07453559921.01734464081.11.14939597660.95702440444.69041575980.49010409120.07106690551.05127508781.21.24543611280.96351790964.89897948560.50844716390.06804138171.08493570961.31.34205480930.9686638665.09901951360.52639720470.0653720451.11816645441.41.4391355430.97280621475.29150262210.54394210710.06299407881.150878293
t 0.1 0.2 0.30000000000000004 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.79999999999999993 0.89999999999999991 0.99999999999999989 1.0999999999999999 1.2 1.3 1.4000000000000001 1.2200237977444093 0.94412691931270665 0.86840529918946907 0.85420853134357533 0.86552620540503789 0.88878302264836029 0.91793213671498253 0.95 0.98342400108749772 1.0173446408320563 1.0512750878335928 1.0849357096237595 1.1181664544043501 1.1508782930286723
Chemistry for Everyone
JChemEd.chem.wisc.edu • Vol. 80 No. 6 June 2003 • Journal of Chemical Education 623
One of the most active areas in scientific research is the
development of new and exciting materials for a wide vari-
ety of applications. In this context, it could be easy to lose
sight of the importance of more common materials that are
vitally important in many areas of our lives. Cement is one
such material, and its rich chemistry links well with a num-
ber of concepts in most undergraduate chemistry curricula.
This paper addresses several important questions con-
cerning cement, including: What is its optimal composition
and why? Why do cement truck barrels roll? What are the
processes involved in cement setting, and how long does it
take? How does cement break down?
A Brief History of Cement
Cements and cement-containing materials comprised
some of the first structural materials exploited by humanity
(1), as cement’s components are common materials: sand,
lime, and water. On a molecular level, cement is a paste of
calcium silicate hydrates polymerized into a densely cross-
linked matrix (2). Its most important property is called
hydraulicity—the ability to set and remain insoluble under
water (3, 4). Cement can be used as a mortar to bind large
stones or bricks. When sand and stones are added to cement,
the aggregate is called concrete. The word cement comes from
the Latin phrase, opus caementum, or chip work, in reference
to the aggregate often used in applic.
This document is Part IV of the Indian Standard Glossary of Terms Relating to Cement Concrete. It defines various types of concrete, including aerated concrete, autoclaved concrete, cast-in-place concrete, castable refractory, cellular concrete, and shotcrete/gunite. The definitions provided are intended to standardize terminology used in cement and concrete technology in India. The glossary was developed by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee of the Indian Standards Institution.
213 r 87 - guide for structural lightweight aggregate concretMOHAMMED SABBAR
This document provides a guide for structural lightweight aggregate concrete. It summarizes the present state of technology on lightweight aggregate concretes based on laboratory studies and field experience. The guide defines structural lightweight aggregate concrete and discusses production methods for lightweight aggregates. It covers topics such as mix proportioning, properties of hardened concrete, and structural design considerations for lightweight concrete.
This document provides a summary of a textbook on foundation engineering. It discusses the contents and updates between the first and second editions.
The first edition focuses on methods for predicting failure loads and deformations of piled and non-piled foundations. It aims to appeal to both students and practicing engineers. The second edition was published 25 years later. It extends and updates the content with new sections on short term and long term stability, critical state strength, in situ seismic methods, and offshore pile design approaches. Both editions emphasize presenting information in tables and charts to facilitate extraction and use of data.
A short course in foundation engineeringZaid Majed
This chapter introduces the concepts of effective stress and short-term and long-term stability in geotechnical engineering. Effective stress is defined as the total stress minus the pore water pressure. The principle of effective stress states that soils behave according to the effective stresses and are unaffected by changes in pore water pressure. Short-term stability considers immediate loading conditions while long-term stability accounts for time-dependent consolidation processes. Methods for computing effective stress and assessing short-term and long-term stability are discussed.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the petrographic examination methods for aggregates used in concrete as outlined in the Indian Standard IS: 2386 (Part VIII) - 1963:
The standard describes Method I for routine petrographic examination which involves visually inspecting and segregating coarse and fine aggregate constituents based on petrographic and chemical differences across various sieve sizes. Method II is for detailed investigations and serves as the reference method. Both methods require examination of aggregate fractions by a qualified petrographer to identify coatings, minerals, particle shape and other properties that could impact the quality and durability of concrete.
The document provides an introduction to concrete as a construction material. It discusses the history and origins of concrete, highlighting its use in ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire. The document outlines the key advantages of concrete such as its widespread availability, engineering properties, durability, and ability to be molded into different shapes. Some disadvantages mentioned include the carbon dioxide emissions from cement production and concrete's lower strength compared to steel. The objectives of the lecture are also stated as explaining the basic concepts of concrete, and discussing its advantages and history.
Water quality has a significant impact on concrete strength. Impurities like chlorides, sulfates, and dissolved solids can reduce strength if present in high concentrations. Testing the compressive strength of concrete made with local water compared to distilled water determines if the local water is suitable. While seawater reduces early strength by 10-15% and may cause corrosion of reinforcement, it can be used for unreinforced concrete if the mix is redesigned. However, seawater is prohibited for reinforced or prestressed concrete per current Indian standards due to corrosion risks.
The document provides work method statements for soil investigation of the Chennai Metro Rail Project. It outlines the scope of work including boring and drilling at 100m intervals along the project alignment and conducting standard penetration tests and vane shear tests. It describes sampling procedures for disturbed and undisturbed soil samples and rock cores. Laboratory tests are to include moisture content, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, and consolidation tests. The document provides safety measures and procedures for soil investigation works.
This issue travels to Monterrey, Mexico for our feature story on waterproofing the award winning ‘La Capital’ and the reinvention of Mexico’s third largest city. We also describe the importance of Life Cycle Costs by comparing conventional and sustainable building designs, and also touch on the biggest risk to structures this century.
309.1 r 93 - behavior of fresh concrete during vibrationMOHAMMED SABBAR
The document summarizes the history of concrete vibration from the early 20th century to present day. It discusses how vibration techniques evolved from manual tamping to the development of vibratory machines in the 1930s. Research in the 1940s-1960s improved understanding of how vibration reduces friction and consolidates concrete. Key findings showed eccentric moment, weight, and frequency are important vibrator parameters. Recent studies examine the rheological behavior of fresh concrete and how internal, surface, and form vibration techniques consolidate different concrete mixtures. Ongoing research continues to enhance understanding of the vibration-concrete interaction.
Metal casting has a long history dating back over 5,000 years when the earliest known casting, a copper frog, was created in Mesopotamia in 3200 BC. Since its discovery, metal casting has played a critical role in advancing human civilization and is now more essential than ever in our everyday lives. Some key developments in metal casting over time include the discovery of iron in 2000 BC, the first production of cast iron in China around 800-700 BC, and the invention of sand molding in 645 BC. Modern innovations include semi-solid metalworking in the early 1970s, vacuum molding developed by the Japanese in 1971, and electromagnetic casting processes developed in 1997.
This document provides the design criteria for reinforced concrete bins used for storing granular and powdery materials. It covers the requirements for circular, polygonal, and interstice bins. The criteria include specifications for materials like cement and steel reinforcement. It also provides notations for structural design values and requirements for general bin design including dimensions, shape, and layout.
This document provides a history of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). It discusses how FRC was first developed in ancient times using straw or hair to reinforce mud bricks. In the late 19th century, asbestos fibers were mixed with cement to create strong sheets. Research on FRC intensified in the 1950s and 1960s when various fiber types including steel, glass and polypropylene were experimented with. Since then, fiber geometries have become more complex to improve bonding with cement. The document also examines common fiber types used in FRC like steel, glass and asbestos fibers and their effects on concrete properties. It provides examples of FRC applications in construction.
This document provides an overview of site investigation planning and procurement. It discusses the objectives of site investigation, which include site selection, foundation and earthworks design, temporary works design, assessing environmental impacts, investigating existing construction, designing remedial works, and conducting safety checks. The document also outlines the history and development of site investigation techniques from ancient times through the 20th century, noting important contributions from Terzaghi, Casagrande, and others to establishing modern soil mechanics principles and standardized investigation methods.
a brief overview of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) by Milad Nourizadeh from Civil engineering department of the University of Tabriz.
I've introduce some types of fiber with their historical backgrounds and their mechanical properties as well as their advantages and this advantages.
I also present some applications of FRC all over the world.
Finally, I hope you enjoy that!
Errata: Let's Begin in second slide
This document provides a list of Indian Standard (IS) codes related to civil engineering and specifically codes for cement and concrete. It categorizes over 100 IS codes for cement and concrete, covering standards for different types of cement, concrete, aggregates, testing methods, construction practices, and more. The codes establish standards for materials, testing procedures, construction techniques, and other areas important for cement and concrete used in civil engineering projects in India.
This document summarizes the key changes between editions of the Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM). The third edition (CESMM3) introduces standard methods of measurement for water main renovation and simple building works incidental to civil engineering projects. It also includes amendments to align with the ICE Conditions of Contract sixth edition. The main changes are minor amendments and corrections with no changes to principles or general arrangement. Feedback from industry organizations was incorporated in drafting CESMM3.
This document is the Indian Standard Code of Practice for General Construction of Plain and Reinforced Concrete for Dams and Other Massive Structures from 1957. It provides guidelines for materials, concrete mix design, placement, curing, forms, joints, and testing for large concrete structures. The code is intended to ensure durability, strength, impermeability and uniformity of concrete in major projects. It references other Indian Standards and specifications for concrete and calls for special instructions particular to individual jobs.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures in India. It covers materials, concrete mix design, placement, curing, formwork, joints, and testing. The code aims to ensure durability, strength, impermeability and uniformity of concrete structures. It establishes requirements for cement, aggregates, water, admixtures and reinforcement to be used. It also provides guidelines for mixing, placing, compacting, curing concrete and constructing joints.
This document provides a guide for tunnel lining design. It begins with an introduction that outlines the guide's structure and objectives. The guide is then divided into 10 chapters that cover topics such as project definition, geotechnical characterization, design considerations, theoretical analysis methods, instrumentation and monitoring, and quality management. Case histories are also provided. The overall aim is to provide practical recommendations and guidance to help engineers properly design tunnel linings.
The document provides a history of polymer development from 1833 to the present. It notes key events and discoveries such as:
- 1833 - Coining of the term "polymer" by Berzelius
- 1920 - Staudinger proposes the macromolecular theory of polymers
- 1930s - Development of plastics as an industry with the discovery of polymers like polyethylene, nylon, and polystyrene
- 1940s - Polymers play a key role in World War 2 and postwar applications emerge in textiles, toys, packaging
- 1950s - Synthetic fibers and plastics enter widespread domestic and commercial use
- 1960s/70s - Innovation in polymer color, design, and
Sheet1gdΔyd/31010.10.3333333333yLsin(thet)vB=vCt_AC=tCDt_BCt0.10.3480102170.28734788561.41421356240.49216076870.23570226041.22002379770.20.38873012630.514495755420.38873012630.16666666670.94412691930.30.44845413490.66896473162.44948974280.36616126790.13608276350.86840529920.40.52068331170.76822127962.82842712470.36817870060.11785113020.85420853130.50.60092521260.83205029433.16227766020.3800584750.10540925530.86552620540.60.68637534270.87415727613.46410161510.39627898890.09622504490.88878302260.70.77531355660.90286051883.74165738680.4144225280.08908708060.91793213670.80.86666666670.923076923140.43333333330.08333333330.950.90.95974533660.93774876074.24264068710.45242829050.07856742010.983424001111.05409255340.94868329814.4721359550.47140452080.07453559921.01734464081.11.14939597660.95702440444.69041575980.49010409120.07106690551.05127508781.21.24543611280.96351790964.89897948560.50844716390.06804138171.08493570961.31.34205480930.9686638665.09901951360.52639720470.0653720451.11816645441.41.4391355430.97280621475.29150262210.54394210710.06299407881.150878293
t 0.1 0.2 0.30000000000000004 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.79999999999999993 0.89999999999999991 0.99999999999999989 1.0999999999999999 1.2 1.3 1.4000000000000001 1.2200237977444093 0.94412691931270665 0.86840529918946907 0.85420853134357533 0.86552620540503789 0.88878302264836029 0.91793213671498253 0.95 0.98342400108749772 1.0173446408320563 1.0512750878335928 1.0849357096237595 1.1181664544043501 1.1508782930286723
Chemistry for Everyone
JChemEd.chem.wisc.edu • Vol. 80 No. 6 June 2003 • Journal of Chemical Education 623
One of the most active areas in scientific research is the
development of new and exciting materials for a wide vari-
ety of applications. In this context, it could be easy to lose
sight of the importance of more common materials that are
vitally important in many areas of our lives. Cement is one
such material, and its rich chemistry links well with a num-
ber of concepts in most undergraduate chemistry curricula.
This paper addresses several important questions con-
cerning cement, including: What is its optimal composition
and why? Why do cement truck barrels roll? What are the
processes involved in cement setting, and how long does it
take? How does cement break down?
A Brief History of Cement
Cements and cement-containing materials comprised
some of the first structural materials exploited by humanity
(1), as cement’s components are common materials: sand,
lime, and water. On a molecular level, cement is a paste of
calcium silicate hydrates polymerized into a densely cross-
linked matrix (2). Its most important property is called
hydraulicity—the ability to set and remain insoluble under
water (3, 4). Cement can be used as a mortar to bind large
stones or bricks. When sand and stones are added to cement,
the aggregate is called concrete. The word cement comes from
the Latin phrase, opus caementum, or chip work, in reference
to the aggregate often used in applic.
This document is Part IV of the Indian Standard Glossary of Terms Relating to Cement Concrete. It defines various types of concrete, including aerated concrete, autoclaved concrete, cast-in-place concrete, castable refractory, cellular concrete, and shotcrete/gunite. The definitions provided are intended to standardize terminology used in cement and concrete technology in India. The glossary was developed by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee of the Indian Standards Institution.
213 r 87 - guide for structural lightweight aggregate concretMOHAMMED SABBAR
This document provides a guide for structural lightweight aggregate concrete. It summarizes the present state of technology on lightweight aggregate concretes based on laboratory studies and field experience. The guide defines structural lightweight aggregate concrete and discusses production methods for lightweight aggregates. It covers topics such as mix proportioning, properties of hardened concrete, and structural design considerations for lightweight concrete.
This document provides a summary of a textbook on foundation engineering. It discusses the contents and updates between the first and second editions.
The first edition focuses on methods for predicting failure loads and deformations of piled and non-piled foundations. It aims to appeal to both students and practicing engineers. The second edition was published 25 years later. It extends and updates the content with new sections on short term and long term stability, critical state strength, in situ seismic methods, and offshore pile design approaches. Both editions emphasize presenting information in tables and charts to facilitate extraction and use of data.
A short course in foundation engineeringZaid Majed
This chapter introduces the concepts of effective stress and short-term and long-term stability in geotechnical engineering. Effective stress is defined as the total stress minus the pore water pressure. The principle of effective stress states that soils behave according to the effective stresses and are unaffected by changes in pore water pressure. Short-term stability considers immediate loading conditions while long-term stability accounts for time-dependent consolidation processes. Methods for computing effective stress and assessing short-term and long-term stability are discussed.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the petrographic examination methods for aggregates used in concrete as outlined in the Indian Standard IS: 2386 (Part VIII) - 1963:
The standard describes Method I for routine petrographic examination which involves visually inspecting and segregating coarse and fine aggregate constituents based on petrographic and chemical differences across various sieve sizes. Method II is for detailed investigations and serves as the reference method. Both methods require examination of aggregate fractions by a qualified petrographer to identify coatings, minerals, particle shape and other properties that could impact the quality and durability of concrete.
The document provides an introduction to concrete as a construction material. It discusses the history and origins of concrete, highlighting its use in ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire. The document outlines the key advantages of concrete such as its widespread availability, engineering properties, durability, and ability to be molded into different shapes. Some disadvantages mentioned include the carbon dioxide emissions from cement production and concrete's lower strength compared to steel. The objectives of the lecture are also stated as explaining the basic concepts of concrete, and discussing its advantages and history.
Water quality has a significant impact on concrete strength. Impurities like chlorides, sulfates, and dissolved solids can reduce strength if present in high concentrations. Testing the compressive strength of concrete made with local water compared to distilled water determines if the local water is suitable. While seawater reduces early strength by 10-15% and may cause corrosion of reinforcement, it can be used for unreinforced concrete if the mix is redesigned. However, seawater is prohibited for reinforced or prestressed concrete per current Indian standards due to corrosion risks.
The document provides work method statements for soil investigation of the Chennai Metro Rail Project. It outlines the scope of work including boring and drilling at 100m intervals along the project alignment and conducting standard penetration tests and vane shear tests. It describes sampling procedures for disturbed and undisturbed soil samples and rock cores. Laboratory tests are to include moisture content, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, and consolidation tests. The document provides safety measures and procedures for soil investigation works.
This document is the Indian Standard Method of Measurement of Building and Civil Engineering Works Part V - Formwork (Third Revision). It provides definitions and rules for the measurement of formwork used in construction projects. The standard classifies formwork into categories such as foundations, floors, walls, beams, columns and establishes methods for measurement based on surface area. Deductions and additions to measurements are also specified depending on the type and size of openings and features. The document aims to standardize formwork measurement practices across India.
This document is the Indian Standard Method of Measurement of Building and Civil Engineering Works Part V - Formwork (Third Revision). It provides definitions and rules for the measurement of formwork used in construction projects. The standard classifies formwork into categories such as foundations, floors, walls, beams, columns and establishes methods for measurement based on surface area. Deductions and additions to measurements are also specified depending on the type and size of openings and features. The document aims to standardize formwork measurement practices across India.
This document provides standards for measuring stone masonry work in building and civil engineering projects. It outlines how to measure and describe various stone masonry elements including general walling, random rubble walling, coursed walling, circular walling, footings, battered surfaces, eaves filling, and more. The document also specifies what should and should not be deducted from measurement calculations and provides guidance on measuring fireplaces, chimneys, pillars and stone nogging.
This document outlines Indian Standard IS:1200 (Part III) - 1976, which provides the method of measuring brickwork in buildings and civil engineering projects. It was last revised in 1976 to incorporate amendments from usage over the previous 5 years. The standard covers measuring brickwork items individually or grouped together, recording dimensions, and taking net measurements in decimal units of the completed brickwork in its fixed position. It aims to standardize measurement practices across different construction agencies and sectors in India.
This document outlines the Indian Standard method for measuring concrete works in building and civil engineering projects. It provides the scope, general rules, and describes the items to be included in measurement. The standard aims to unify different measurement systems used across construction agencies and government departments in India to eliminate ambiguities and issues arising from a lack of understanding of various practices. It covers measurement of concrete works applicable to structures like buildings, bridges, industrial facilities, and more.
This document is the Indian Standard (IS 1200 Part 1) from 1992 on methods of measuring earthwork in building and civil engineering projects. It provides definitions and rules for classifying and measuring different types of excavated materials including soft soil, hard soil, mud, soft rock, and hard rock. It also specifies what should and should not be measured separately, such as dewatering, and how dimensions, areas, and volumes should be recorded accurately to two decimal places. The standard aims to promote uniform measurement practices across different agencies and departments for earthworks.
This document provides the summary of an Indian Standard document on methods of sampling and analysis of concrete. It discusses the scope of the standard, terminology, sampling procedures for fresh and hardened concrete. It also describes test methods for determining unit weight, air content, slump, compressive strength, drying shrinkage and durability of concrete.
This document is the Indian Standard for prestressed concrete pipes and specials. It specifies requirements for materials, dimensions, design criteria, and testing of prestressed concrete cylinder pipes and non-cylinder pipes. The standard covers pipes with nominal diameters between 200-2500 mm. It provides definitions of key terms, references other standards, and outlines design considerations and permissible stress limits for the longitudinal and circumferential prestressing of non-cylinder pressure pipes.
This document provides a code of practice for laying concrete pipes. It outlines methods for calculating loads on pipes based on installation conditions and provides corresponding load factors. The standard aims to ensure pipes are not subjected to excessive loads beyond their design capacity. Proper handling, bedding, and backfilling of pipes is important, as various installation factors can influence practice. The standard is intended to provide general guidance for each unique case. It incorporates revisions based on experience, including basic modifications to symbols, illustrations, impact factors, and testing examples. The purpose is to relate loads on pipes under different installation conditions to the test strength of pipes using appropriate load factors.
This notice invites tenders for the design and construction of an elevated viaduct that is part of Phase 1 of the Chennai Metro Rail Project. The viaduct is 4,562 meters long on Corridor 2 between chainages 15,738 meters to 20,900 meters, excluding 600 meters at Alandur station. Tenders must be submitted by October 22, 2009. Eligible applicants must have experience constructing viaducts, bridges or flyovers using segmental construction technology and a minimum average annual turnover of 153 crore rupees. The completion period for the work is 24 months.
The document provides instructions to tenderers for the design and construction of an elevated viaduct from CH:15738 m to 20900 m on Corridor-2 of the Chennai Metro Rail Project, Phase I. Key details include the contract number, tender validity period of 120 days, time for completion of 730 days from commencement, and eligibility requirements for tenderers. The instructions cover preparation of tenders, technical and financial package requirements, clarifications, amendments, submission process, opening and evaluation. Tenderers are advised to carefully examine all documents and seek any clarifications needed on the project.
This document outlines procedures for conducting axial load tests on pile foundations to determine their load capacity and load transfer mechanisms. There are two main types of tests: compression and pullout (tension) tests. Compression tests apply load via dead weights or hydraulic jacks, while pullout tests use hydraulic jacks connected to reaction supports. Instrumentation measures pile head movement and strain along the pile. Testing procedures include slow maintained load, quick maintained load, incremental equilibrium, and constant rate penetration tests.
This document provides an overview of principles of construction safety. It discusses fundamentals of safety including definitions, causes of accidents, and techniques for accident prevention. It also covers measuring safety performance through accident investigation and inspections. Additional sections address construction safety management techniques, developing safety policies and plans, assessing risks, and control strategies for construction work. The document concludes with discussions of specific construction hazards and solutions and a quick reference safety guide.
1. 608 !!!!! Concrete Technology
GENERAL REFERENCE BOOKS
Sl. Author Title Publisher
No.
1. AmerAmerAmerAmerAmerongen, CVongen, CVongen, CVongen, CVongen, CV Dictionary of Cement BGW, Germany Oxford 1967
2. — Proc 3rd Int. Symp. on
the Chemistry of Cement BR S & CACA UK 1954
in 1952
3. — World Cement Directory Cembureau
4. CzerninCzerninCzerninCzerninCzernin Cement Chemistry and
physics for Civil Engineers —
5. Lea, FMLea, FMLea, FMLea, FMLea, FM Chemistry of Cement and Edward Arnold
Concrete UK — 1970
6. TTTTTaylorayloraylorayloraylor, HFW, HFW, HFW, HFW, HFW Chemistry of Cements
Vol I Academic Press UK
7. —dododododo — Chemistry of Cements and USA 1964
Vol II
8. Bogue, RHBogue, RHBogue, RHBogue, RHBogue, RH Chemistry of Portland Cembureau 1959
9. — On the Testing of Cement Cembureau
10. FintelFintelFintelFintelFintel Hand Book of Concrete Engg. Vannostrand 1974
11. LalondeLalondeLalondeLalondeLalonde Concrete Engg. Hand Book McGraw. Hill USA 1961
12. OrOrOrOrOrcharcharcharcharchard D.Fd D.Fd D.Fd D.Fd D.F..... Concrete Technology Vol I Applied Science UK 1973
13. — dododododo — Concrete Technology Vol II Applied science UK 1973
14. — dododododo — Concrete Technology Vol III Applied Science UK 1976
15. Singleton-GrSingleton-GrSingleton-GrSingleton-GrSingleton-Greeneeneeneeneen Concrete Engg. Vol I— Charls Griffin Co UK 1935
Practical Concrete
16. Singleton-GrSingleton-GrSingleton-GrSingleton-GrSingleton-Greeneeneeneeneen Concrete Engg. Vol II — Charls Griffin Co. UK. 1934
Properties of Concrete
17. TTTTTattersallattersallattersallattersallattersall Workability of Concrete A viewpoint pub UK 1976
18. —dododododo — Concrete Manual USBR 1972
19. Figg-JW andFigg-JW andFigg-JW andFigg-JW andFigg-JW and Analysis of Concrete HMSO UK 1971
Bowden SRBowden SRBowden SRBowden SRBowden SR
20. NevilleNevilleNevilleNevilleNeville Properties of Concrete FLBE 1977
21. PowersPowersPowersPowersPowers Properties of Fresh Concrete J.Wiley and sons USA 1968
22. TTTTTrrrrroxell and Davisoxell and Davisoxell and Davisoxell and Davisoxell and Davis Composition & properties McGraw Hill USA 1956
of concrete
23. WhitehurstWhitehurstWhitehurstWhitehurstWhitehurst Evaluation of Concrete
properties from Sonic
tests ACI Monographs No. 2 ACI USA 1967
24. — Computer applications in
Concrete Design & Tech-
nology ACI SP—16 — dododododo —
25. — Fatigue of Concrete ACI
SP—41 ACI, USA 1974
26. — Durability of Concrete
ACI SP—47 — dododododo — 1975
608
2. General Reference Books !!!!! 609
Sl. Author Title Publisher
No.
27. — RILEM Symp on dura- Checkoslovak
bility of Concrete Academy of science
28. WoodsWoodsWoodsWoodsWoods Durability of Concrete
ACI SP— 4 ACI USA 1968
29. — Concrete Hand Book Concrete Association
of India 1969
30. Petzold & RehrsPetzold & RehrsPetzold & RehrsPetzold & RehrsPetzold & Rehrs Concrete for High Temperature Elservier Publication 1970
31. Ramchandran VSRamchandran VSRamchandran VSRamchandran VSRamchandran VS Calcium Chloride in Concrete Science and Technology
Applied Science UK
32. Steward DASteward DASteward DASteward DASteward DA Design and Placing of High E & FN Spon Ltd UK 1962
Quality Concrete
33. Thursby HThursby HThursby HThursby HThursby H Controlling Concrete on the site Cement and Concrete
Association UK 1976
34. Tretyakav ATretyakav ATretyakav ATretyakav ATretyakav A Concrete and concreting Mir Pub Moscow, 1968
35. Waddell JJWaddell JJWaddell JJWaddell JJWaddell JJ Concrete Construction
Hand Book McGraw Hill 1968
36. Woddell JJWoddell JJWoddell JJWoddell JJWoddell JJ Practical Quality Control
for Concrete
37. Wals HNWals HNWals HNWals HNWals HN How to make good Concrete
38. — Concrete Hand Book ACI Publication 1969
39. — Recommended practice for
cold weather concreting ACI Publication 1966
40. — Recommended practice for
selecting proportions for
structural light weight concrete ACI 1967
41. — Manual of concrete Inspection ACI SP-2, 1967
42. — Proceedings of symposium
on shotcreting ACI SP-14 1966
43. — Causes Mechanism and
Control of cracking in concrete ACI SP-20 1968
44. — Concrete for Nuclear
Reactor Vol I
Vol II
Vol III ACI SP-34 1972
45. — Use of shotcrete for undergoing
structural support ACI SP-45, 1974
46. — Corrosion of Metals in Concrete ACI SP-49 1975
47. — Roadways and Airport Pavements ACI SP-51
48. — Insulating Concretes ACI Publication
49. — Recommended Practice for
Design of Concrete pavements ACI Publication
50. — Selection and use of Aggregates ACI Publication
51. — Guide for use of Epoxy
compounds with Concrete ACI Publication
52. Preschke BPreschke BPreschke BPreschke BPreschke B Concrete construction Asia Publishing House
3. 610 !!!!! Concrete Technology
Sl. Author Title Publisher
No.
53. BiczokBiczokBiczokBiczokBiczok Concrete corrosion and Alkademiai, Kaido
concrete protection Hungary
54. Hurd MKHurd MKHurd MKHurd MKHurd MK Formwork for Concrete ACI SP-4, 1963
55. — Light weight Aggregate
concrete Technology & Cembureau France
word application 1974
56. Short, AndrewShort, AndrewShort, AndrewShort, AndrewShort, Andrew Light weight concrete Asia Publishing House
KenniburgKenniburgKenniburgKenniburgKenniburg Bombay— India 1963
57. Spratty BHSpratty BHSpratty BHSpratty BHSpratty BH Structural use of light Cement and Concrete
weight aggregate concrete Association UK 1974
58. Erntroy HCErntroy HCErntroy HCErntroy HCErntroy HC
TeychenneTeychenneTeychenneTeychenneTeychenne
DCDCDCDCDC Design of Normal Concrete HMSO Publication UK 1976
Franklin REFranklin REFranklin REFranklin REFranklin RE Mixes
59. — Road Note No. 4, Design of
Concrete Mixes HMSO—1965
60. Lyndon FDLyndon FDLyndon FDLyndon FDLyndon FD Concrete Mix Design Applied Science UK 1972
61. KrishnaKrishnaKrishnaKrishnaKrishna Design of concrete Mixes M/s Sehgal Faridabad India
Raju, NRaju, NRaju, NRaju, NRaju, N —1975
62. Shacklock BWShacklock BWShacklock BWShacklock BWShacklock BW Concrete constituents Cement and concrete
and Mix proportions Association UK 1974
63. Richardson JGRichardson JGRichardson JGRichardson JGRichardson JG Precast concrete Production CACA—UK—1973
64. Gerwick BCGerwick BCGerwick BCGerwick BCGerwick BC Construction of Prestressed J.Wiley USA—1971
concrete construction
65. AkroydAkroydAkroydAkroydAkroyd Concrete properties and Manufacture
66. — Proceedings of Rilem symposium Danish National Institute of
on winter concreting—1956 Building Research Copenhagen
—1956
67. — Polymers in Concrete ACI SP—1940
68. Malhotra VMMalhotra VMMalhotra VMMalhotra VMMalhotra VM Testing of Hardened ACI Monograph
concrete nondestructive series No. 9
Methods
69. — Polymers in Concrete Concrete Society UK—1976
70. Blank R.F.Blank R.F.Blank R.F.Blank R.F.Blank R.F. Technology of Cement J.Wiley—1955
Kennedy HLKennedy HLKennedy HLKennedy HLKennedy HL and Concrete
71. MurdockMurdockMurdockMurdockMurdock Concrete Materials and Practice Edward Arnold Ltd.
London—1960
72. Elvery RHElvery RHElvery RHElvery RHElvery RH Concrete Practice Vol I Asia Publishing House—1963
Vol II
73. Meintosh JDMeintosh JDMeintosh JDMeintosh JDMeintosh JD Concrete and Statistics CR Books Ltd. London 1963
74. Illingworth JRIllingworth JRIllingworth JRIllingworth JRIllingworth JR Movement and Distribution Mcgraw-Hill UK—1972
of concrete
75. Rixom MRRixom MRRixom MRRixom MRRixom MR Chemical Admixtures for E & FN Spon Ltd
concrete London—1978
4. General Reference Books !!!!! 611
Sl. Author Title Publisher
No.
76. — Structure of Concrete, Cement and Concrete
Proceedings of an International Association London—1965
Conference
77. — Performance of Concrete Proceeding University of Toronto Press,
of a Symposium Canada—1968
78. — Proceedings of Rilem Symposium The Construction Press Ltd
on Fibre Reinforced Cement —1976
Concrete Vol II
79. — Concrete and Concrete making ASTM Special Technical
materials Publication No. 169-A 1966
80. — Tests and Properties of Concrete ASTM STP No. 169
and Concrete Aggregates
81. — Fibre Reinforced Concrete ACI — 44
82. — ACI Manual of concrete
Practice Part I ACI —1979
Part II
Part III
83. A.M. NevilleA.M. NevilleA.M. NevilleA.M. NevilleA.M. Neville Concrete Technology ELBS with Longman 1987
J.J. BrJ.J. BrJ.J. BrJ.J. BrJ.J. Brooksooksooksooksooks
84. A.M. NevilleA.M. NevilleA.M. NevilleA.M. NevilleA.M. Neville Properties of Concrete Longman 1995
Fourth Edition
85. Steven H. KosmatkaSteven H. KosmatkaSteven H. KosmatkaSteven H. KosmatkaSteven H. Kosmatka Design and Control of
and William C.and William C.and William C.and William C.and William C. Concrete Mixture PCA 1988
PanarPanarPanarPanarPanareseeseeseeseese
86. PPPPP. Kumar Mehta Paulo. Kumar Mehta Paulo. Kumar Mehta Paulo. Kumar Mehta Paulo. Kumar Mehta Paulo Concrete Micro-structure, Prentice Hall INC &
J.M. MonteirJ.M. MonteirJ.M. MonteirJ.M. MonteirJ.M. Monteirooooo Properties and Materials McGraw Hill, USA
5. 612 !!!!! Concrete Technology
LIST OF INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND
CODE OF PRACTICES, RELATED TO CEMENT AND CONCRETE
S l IS Number IS Codes and specifications for Date
No. Cement and Concrete Reaffirmed
1 IS 269:1989 Specification for ordinary Portland cement, 33 grade Sept-98
(fourth revision)
2 IS 383:1970 Specification for coarse and find aggregates from natural sources Feb-97
for concrete (second revision)
3 IS 455: 1989 Specification for Portland Slag cement (fourth revision) Mar-00
4 *IS 456 : 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (third revision) Aug-00
5 *IS 457 : 1957 Code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced Mar-00
concrete for dams and other massive structures
6 *IS 516 : 1959 Method of test for strength of concrete Jan-99
7 IS 650 : 1991 Specification for standard sand for testing of cement Jan-99
(second revision)
8 *IS 1199: 1959 Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete Jan-99
9 **IS 1343: 1980 Code of practice for prestressed concrete (first revision) Jan-99
10 *IS 1344: 1981 Specification for calcined clay pozzolana (second revision) Jan-99
11 IS 1489(PT1): 1991 Specification for Portland Pozzolana Cement Part I Flyash based Mar-00
(third revision)
12 IS 1489(PT2): 1991 Specification for Portland Pozzolana Cement Part II calcined clay Mar-00
based (third revision)
13 IS 1727 : 1967 Methods of test for pozzolanic materials (first revision) Jan-99
14 IS 2386(PT2): 1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete Part 1 Particle size Sept-97
and shape
15 IS 2386(PT2): 1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete part 2 estimation of Feb-97
deleterious materials and organic impurities
16 IS 2386(PT3): 1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete Part 3 specific gravity, Feb-97
density, voids, absorption and bulking
17 IS 2386(PT4): 1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete : Part 4 Mechanical Feb-97
properties
18 IS 2386(PT5): 1963 Methods of tests for aggregates for concrete : Part 5 Soundness Feb-97
19 IS 2386(PT6): 1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete : Part 6 Measuring Feb-97
mortar making properties of fine aggregates
20 *IS 2386(PT7): 1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete : Part 7 Alkali
aggregate reactivity Feb-97
21 *IS 2386(PT8): 1963 Methods of test for aggregates for concrete : Part 8 Petrographic Feb-97
examination
22 IS 2430: 1986 Methods for sampling of aggregates for concrete (first revision) Mar-00
23 *IS 2502: 1963 Code of practice for bending and fixing of bars for concrete Jan-99
reinforcement
24 IS 2505: 1980 General requirements for concrete vibrators Jan-99
25 IS 2506: 1985 General requirements for screed board concrete vibrators Mar-00
(first revision)
26 *IS 2645: 1975 Specification for integral cement waterproofing compounds Jan-99
(first revision)
27 IS 2770(PT1): 1967 Methods of testing bond in reinforced concrete Part 1 Pullout test Feb-97
28 IS 3085: 1965 Methods of test for permeability of cement mortar and concrete Feb-97
612 !!!!! Concrete Technology
6. General Reference Books !!!!! 613
S l IS Number IS Codes and specifications for Date
No. Cement and Concrete Reaffirmed
29 *IS 3370(PT1): 1965 Code of practice for concrete structures for the storage of liquids : Jan-99
part 1 General requirements
30 *IS 3370(PT2): 1965 Code of practice for concrete structures for the storage of liquids : Jan-99
Part 2 Reinforced concrete structures
31 IS 3370(PT3): 1967 Code of practice for concrete structures for the storage of liquids : Jan-99
Part 3 Prestressed concrete structures
32 IS 3370(PT4): 1967 Code of prctice for concrete structures for the storage of liquids : Jan-99
Part 4 design tables
33 IS 3466: 1988 Specificaation for masonry cement (second reivision) Jan-99
34 IS 3535: 1986 Methods of sampling hydraulic cement(first revision) Jan-99
35 IS 3558: 1983 Code of practice for use of immersion vibrators for consolidating Jan-99
concrete (first revision)
36 IS 3812: 1981 Specification for fly ash for use as pozzolana and admixture Jan-99
(first revision)
37 IS 4031(PT1): 1996 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement: Part 1 Determination
of fineness by dry sieving (second revision)
38 IS 4031(PT2): 1999 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement: Part 2 Determination
of fineness by specific surface by Blaine air permeability method
(second revision)
39 IS 4031(PT3): 1988 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement : Part 3 Determination
of soundness (first revision) Mar-00
40 IS 4031(PT4): 1988 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement : Part 4 Determination
of consistency of standard cement paste (first revision) Mar-00
41 IS 4031(PT5): 1988 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement : Part 5 determination
of initial and final setting times (first revision) Mar-00
42 IS 4031(PT6): 1988 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement : Part 6 determination
of compressive strength of hydraulic cmt (other than masonry cement)
(first revision) Mar-00
43 IS 4031(PT7): 1988 Methods of physical test for hydraulic cement: Part 7 Determination
of compressive strength for masonry cement (first revision) Mar-00
44 IS 4031(PT8): 1988 Methods of tests for hydraulic cement: Part 8 determination of Mar-00
transverse and compressive strength of plastic mortar using prism
(first revision)
45 IS 4031(PT9): 1988 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement : Part 9 Mar-00
Determination of heat of hydration (first revision)
46 IS 4031(PT10): 1988 Methods of physical test for hydraulic cement : Part 10 Mar-00
Determination of dring and shrinkage (first revision)
47 IS 4031(PT11): 1988 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement : Part 11 Mar-00
Determination of density (first revision)
48 IS 4031(PT12): 1988 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement: Part 12 Mar-00
Determination of air content of hydraulic cement mortar
(first revision)
49 IS 4031(PT13): 1988 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement : Part 13 Mar-00
Measurement of water retentivity of masonry cement (first revision)
50 IS 4031(PT14): 1989 Methods of physical test for hydraulic cement Part 14 Mar-00
Determination of false set
51 IS 4031(PT15): 1991 Methods of physical test for hydraulic cement Part 15 Mar-00
Indian StandardSpecifications !!!!! 613
7. 614 !!!!! Concrete Technology
S l IS Number IS Codes and specifications for Date
No. Cement and Concrete Reaffirmed
Determination of fineness by wet sieving
52 IS 4032 : 1985 Method of chemical analysis of hydraulic cement (first revision) Mar-00
53 IS 4305 : 1967 Glossary of terms relating to pozzolana Mar-00
54 IS 4634 : 1968 Methods for testing performance of batch-type concrete mixer Mar-00
(first revision)
55 IS 4845 : 1968 Definitions and terminology relating to hydraulic cement Jan-99
56 *IS 4926 : 1976 Specification for ready mixed concrete (first revision) Jan-99
57 IS 5512 : 1983 Specification for flow table for use in tests of hydraulic cements Jan-99
and pozzolanic materials (first revision)
58 IS 5513 : 1996 Specification for vicat apparatus (second revision)
59 IS 5514 : 1996 Specification for apparatus used in Le-Chatelier test (first revision)
60 IS 5515 : 1983 Specification for compaction factor apparatus (first revision) Jan-99
61 IS 5516 : 1996 Specification for variable flow type air-permeability apparatus Jan-99
(Blaine type) (first revision)
62 IS 5525 : 1969 Recommendations for detailing of reinforcement in reinforced Jan-99
concrete works
63 IS 5536 : 1969 Specification for constant flow type air-permeability apparatus Mar-00
(Lea and Nurse type)
64 IS 5816 : 1999 Method of test for splitting tensile strength of concrete
(first revision)
65 IS 6452 : 1989 Specification for high alumina cement for structural use Mar-00
66 IS 6461 (PT1): 1972 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part I Concrete Feb-97
aggregates
67 IS 6461 (PT2): 1972 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part II Materials Feb-97
68 IS 6461 (PT3): 1972 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part III Concrete Feb-97
reinforcement
69 IS 6461 (PT4): 1972 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part IV types of Feb-97
concrete
70 IS 6461 (PT5): 1972 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part V Formwork Feb-97
for concrete
71 IS 6461 (PT6): 1972 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part VI Equipment
tools & plant Feb-97
72 IS 6461 (PT7): 1973 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part VII Mixing, Feb-97
laying, compaction, curing and other construction aspects
73 IS 6461 (PT8): 1973 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part VIII properties
of concrete Feb-97
74 IS 6461 (PT9): 1972 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part 9 Structural Feb-97
aspects
75 IS 6461 (PT10): 1973 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part 10 tests & Feb-97
testing apparatus
76 IS 6461 (PT11): 1973 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part 11 Prestressed
concrete Feb-97
77 IS 6461 (PT12): 1973 Glossary of terms relating to cement concrete : Part 12
Miscellaneous Feb-97
78 IS 6491 : 1972 Methods of sampling fly ash
614 !!!!! Concrete Technology
8. General Reference Books !!!!! 615
S l IS Number IS Codes and specifications for Date
No. Cement and Concrete Reaffirmed
79 IS 6909 : 1990 Specification for supersulphated cement
80 IS 6923 : 1973 Methods of test for performance of screed board concrete
vibrators Jan-99
81 IS 6925 : 1973 Methods of test for determination of water soluble chlorides in Jan-99
concr. admixture
82 IS 7246 : 1974 Recommendations for use of table vibrators for consolidating
concrete Jan-99
83 IS 7320 : 1974 Specification for concrete slump test apparatus Jan-99
84 IS 7325 : 1974 Specification for apparatus for determining constituents of fresh
concrete Jan-99
85 IS 7861 (PT1): 1975 Code of practice for extreme weather concreting Part I Feb-97
Recommended practice for hot weather concreting
86 IS 7861(PT2): 1981 Code of practice for extreme weather concreting : Part II Feb-97
Recommended practice for cold weather concreting
87 IS 8041: 1990 Specification for rapid hardening Portland cement
(second revision) Mar-00
88 IS 8042: 1989 Specification for white portland cement (second revision) Mar-00
89 IS 8043: 1991 Specification for hydrophobic Portland cement (second revision) Mar-00
90 IS 8112: 1989 Specification for 43 grade ordinary portland cement
(first revision) Mar-00
91 IS 8125: 1976 Dimensions and materials of cement, rotary kilns, components Jan-99
and auxiliaries (dry process with suspension preheater)
92 IS 8142: 1976 Method of test for determining setting time of concrete by
penetration resistance Feb-97
93 IS 8229: 1986 Specification for oil-well cement (first revision) Jan-99
94 IS 9012: 1978 Recommended practice for shotcreting Feb-97
95 IS 9013: 1978 Method of making, curing and determining compressive strength
cured concrete test specimen Feb-97
96 IS 9103: 1999 Specification for admixtures for concrete (first revision)
97 IS 9142: 1979 Specification for artificial lightweight aggregates for concrete
masonry units Feb-97
98 IS 9284: 1979 Method of test for abrasion resistance of concrete Feb-97
99 IS 9376: 1979 Specification for apparatus for measuring aggregate crushing
value and ten per cent fines values Jan-99
100 IS 9376: 1979 Specification for apparatus for aggregate impact value Jan-99
101 IS 9399: 1979 Specification for apparatus for flexural testing of concrete Jan-99
102 IS 9459: 1980 Specification for apparatus for use in measurement of length
change Jan-99
of hardened cement paste, mortar and concrete
103 IS 9799: 1981 Specification for pressure meter for determination of air content
of freshly mixed concrete Jan-99
104 IS 10070: 1982 Specification for machine for abrasion testing of coarse
aggregates Jan-99
105 IS 10078: 1982 Specification for jolting apparatus for testing cement Jan-99
Indian StandardSpecifications !!!!! 615
9. 616 !!!!! Concrete Technology
S l IS Number IS Codes and specifications for Date
No. Cement and Concrete Reaffirmed
106 IS 10079: 1982 Specification for cylindrical metal measures for use in tests of
aggregates and concrete Jan-99
107 IS 10080: 1982 Specification for vibration machine for casting standard
cement mortar cubes Jan-99
108 IS 10086: 1982 Specification for moulds for use in tests of cement and concrete Jan-99
109 IS 10262: 1982 Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design Jan-99
110 IS 10510: 1983 Specification for vee-bee consistometer Jan-99
111 IS 10850: 1984 Specification for apparatus for measurement of water retentivity
of masonry cement Jan-99
112 IS 10890: 1984 Specification for planetary mixer used in tests of cement and
pozzolana Jan-99
113 IS 11262: 1985 Specification for calorimeter for determination of heat of
hydration of hydraulic cement Jan-99
114 IS 11263: 1985 Specification for cylinder measures for determination of air content
of hydraulic cement mortar Jan-99
115 IS 11389: 1986 Methods of test for performance of concrete vibrators : Immersion
type Jan-99
116 IS 11993: 1987 Code of practice for use of screed board concrete vibrators Jan-99
117 IS 12089: 1987 Specification for granulated slag for manufacture of Portland slag
cement Jan-99
118 IS 12119: 1987 General requirements for pan mixers for concrete Jan-99
119 IS 12269: 1987 Specification for 53 grade ordinary portland cement Jan-99
120 IS 12330: 1988 Specification for sulphate resisting portland cement Mar-00
121 IS 12423: 1988 Method for colorimetric analysis of hydraulic cement Mar-00
122 IS 12468: 1988 General requirements for vibrators for mass concreting : Immersion
type Mar-00
123 IS 12600: 1989 Specification for low heat portland cement Mar-00
124 IS 12803: 1989 Method of analysis of hydraulic cement by X-ray fluorescence
spectrometer Jan-99
125 IS 12813: 1989 Methods of analysis of hydraulic cement by atomic absorption
spectrophotometer Jan-99
126 IS 12870: 1989 Methods of sampling calcined clay pozzolana
127 IS 13311(PT1): 1992 Methods of non-destructive testing of concrete : Part 1 Ultrasonic
pulse velocity Jan-99
128 IS 13311(PT2): 1992Methods of non-destructive testing of concrete : Part 2 Rebound
hammer Jan-99
129 IS 14345 : 1996 Specification for autoclave apparatus
130 IS 14687 : 1999 Guidelines for falsework for concrete structures
131 SP: 16(S&T): 1980 Design for reinforced concrete to IS 456: 1978
132 SP: 23(S&T): 1982 Handbook on concrete mixes (Amendment No. 1)
133 SP: 24(S&T): 1983 Explanatory handbook on Indian Standard code of practice for
plain and reinforced concrete (IS 456: 1978)
616 !!!!! Concrete Technology