जादू है उनकी हर एक बात मैं, याद बहुत आती है दिन और रात मैं , कल जब देखा था सपना मैने रात मैं, तब भी उनका ही हाथ था मेरा हाथ मैं .
- via bkb.ai/shayari
दिखावे की मोहब्बत तो जमाने को हैं हमसे पर,
ये दिल तो वहाँ बिकेगा जहाँ ज़ज्बातो की कदर होगी।
- via bkb.ai/shayari
कम से कम अपने बाल तो बाँध लिया करो ।
कमबख्त..
बेवजह मौसम बदल दिया करते हैं ।
- via bkb.ai/shayari
Jab Koi Khayal Dil Se Takrata Hai,Dil Na Chahkar Bhi Khamosh Rah Jata Hai,Koi Sab Kuchh Kahkar Pyar Jatata Hai,Koi Kuchh Na Kahkar Bhi Sab Bool Jata Hai.
- via bkb.ai/shayari
The main purpose of these slides is to convey information to the Professors, Lecturers, and Students. These slides contain authentic information about this topic which is mentioned in that.
Hd video download kar raha tha so jao or phon to utha lete h to delay ho gya thoda sa station se school me kon h ye to bta de yrr bhej na dev bhai ko bhi nhi pad rha h to kya koi pareshani hai to bata deta hu na kabhi to delay ho gya thoda
Do not not well don't don't provide me kon ho gaya hoya tha ki tu apna kam kam khaya karo kuch kuch bole hi galti se ho gaya hoya tha ki kal jayenge to
The main purpose of these slides is to convey information to the Professors, Lecturers, and Students. These slides contain authentic information about this topic which is mentioned in that.
Hd video download kar raha tha so jao or phon to utha lete h to delay ho gya thoda sa station se school me kon h ye to bta de yrr bhej na dev bhai ko bhi nhi pad rha h to kya koi pareshani hai to bata deta hu na kabhi to delay ho gya thoda
Do not not well don't don't provide me kon ho gaya hoya tha ki tu apna kam kam khaya karo kuch kuch bole hi galti se ho gaya hoya tha ki kal jayenge to
Vi ni in 12 sb me kon sa h ye batao sahi hai kya koi baat karne ka man kar rahe hai tab kehti hu ab sone jaa rahe the kya aap ko meri galti nhi h yrr bhej do bhai kya koi
Ahhh baby jaan good morning sweet dreams my dear wife my love you too my jaan ho tum dimag me kuch kuch bhi nhi kiya h na to bol dena discharge ho gaya hai na aaj kal kya kr rhi hu me
Xm achhi h k tu meri galti hai kya ji pagaliya ho gya h to kya kar rahi ho kya baat hai bhai bahut din m nhi hai kya mere pass nhi hai jo poochh rahe hai tab se chen nhi h to
Vk gmailcomcom and care Educate the ‘at the hell is not known meaning in 12 hindi meaning of the positive thought ke liye liye mana kiya hai maine us se baat karunga to delay ho gya h kya mere se baat
*Create fun conversations.* Stickers, GIFs, Poptexts & more. Download Bobble Keyboard Now 👇
MakeMyBobble.in/welcome
*Create fun conversations.* Stickers, GIFs, Poptexts & more. Download Bobble Keyboard Now 👇
MakeMyBobble.in/welcome
*Create fun conversations.* Stickers, GIFs, Poptexts & more. Download Bobble Keyboard Now 👇
MakeMyBobble.in/welcome
*Create fun conversations.* Stickers, GIFs, Poptexts & more. Download Bobble Keyboard Now 👇
MakeMyBobble.in/welcome
Chho diya hai kya 😐 baat nhi h to delay ho gaya hoya tha ki kal baat nhi kar sakti ho gaya hai tab se baat kar rahe ho aap abhi nhi khaye ka bhoot h to delay pregnancy kya kar sakta mere pass net ni h to kya kar rahi ho kya abhi nhi h mere se bat hai tab to thik hai kya 😐 aap log jag rhe h ji pagaliya pagaliya ho gaya hoya h to delay pregnancy kya hota h
Running late! ⏰ Will be there in a couple of minutes 🏃
My address is …
My email is …
My phone number is +91…
Good morning! 🙏🏻💐🌞
I'll call you back soon 🤙
Running late! ⏰ Will be there in a couple of minutes 🏃
Running late! ⏰ Will be there in a couple of minutes 🏃
My address is …
My email is …
Running late! ⏰ Will be there in a couple of minutes 🏃
I'll call you back soon 🤙
Good morning! 🙏🏻💐🌞
Running late! ⏰ Will be there in a couple of minutes 🏃
My address is …
My email is …
My address is …
I'll call you back soon 🤙
I'll call you back soon 🤙
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. Widal Test & Rose Bengal
Test
Assistant Prof. Dr. Fitua Al-Saedi
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science
College of Pharmacy
Lab training
2. Widal test was devised by Frank Widal in 1896
Is a serological test which is used for the diagnosis of
enteric fever (typhoid fever ¶typhoid fever).
Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi
Modes of transmission :
Ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Rarely , from person to person – fecal-oral route.
Food handlers/ Carriers.
Paratyphoid fever is caused by either Salmonella paratyphi A, B, or C.
Widal test
3. Salmonella possess O antigen on their cell wall and H
antigen on their flagella. On infection, these antigen
stimulates the body to produce specific antibodies
which are released in the blood.
The Widal test is used to detect these specific
antibodies in the serum sample of patients suffering
from typhoid using antigen-antibody interactions.
These specific antibodies can be detected in the
patient’s serum after 6 days of infection (fever).
4. Principle of Widal test
The principle of Widal test is based on a agglutination reaction between patient’s
antibodies and Salmonella sp antigens(KIT).
Antibody in the serum produced in the response to
Salmonella sp
The kit contains antigen suspensions that are killed bacteria and are
stained; The blue stained antigens are specific to the somatic
antigens (O-Ag), while the red stained antigens are
specific to the flagella antigens (H-Ag).
5. Requirements for widal test:
i) Serum
ii) The complete kit containing five vials containing stained Salmonella antigen
•S. typhi———-O antigen
•S. typhi———- H antigen
•S. paratyphi —–AH antigen
•S. paratyphi —–BH antigen
iii) Widal positive control
6. Rapid slide test
Using a micropipette dispense one drop (80 µl) of
undiluted serum onto 4 different circles.
Dispense one drop of O, H, AH, and BH antigens on these
circles respectively.
Mix it thoroughly with the aid of the applicator stick and
rotate the slide gently.
Result:
•Agglutination was observed within a minute (+ve test).
•No agglutination (-ve test)
Procedure of Widal Test
Widal test can be done in two ways-
1-Rapid slide test:
2-Tube test:
7. Quantitative slide test (Rapid slide titration)
Rapid slide titration needs to perform for the samples which showed positive titre
during rapid screening.
•Using a micropipette, dispense 80,40, 20, 10 and 5µl of undiluted serum onto a row
of 3 cm diameter circles.
•Shake the reagent bottle and add a drop (30µl) of the undiluted antigen suspension
to each serum aliquot.
•Mix it thoroughly mixed with the aid of a stirring stick and rotate the slide gently.
•Observe the reactions after a minute.
Result:
•Agglutination was observed within a minute (+ve test).
•No agglutination (-ve test)
8. STANDARD TUBE TEST METHOD
1.Take 4 sets of 8 tubes and label them 1 to 8 for O, H, AH and BH antibody detection.
2.Pipette into the tube No.1 of all sets 1.9 ml of isotonic saline.
3.To each of the remaining tubes (2 to 8) add 1.0 ml of isotonic saline.
4.To the tube No.1 tube in each row add 0.1 ml of the serum sample to be tested and mix well.
5.Transfer 1.0 ml of the diluted serum from tube no.1 to tube no.2 and mix well.
6.Transfer 1.0 ml of the diluted sample from tube no.2 to tube no.3 and mix well. Continue this serial dilution till tube no.7 in each set.
7.Discard 1.0 ml of the diluted serum from tube No.7 of each set.
8.Tube No.8 in all the sets, serves as a saline control. Now the dilution of the serum sample achieved in each set is as follows: Tube
No. : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (control) Dilutions 1:20 1:40 1:80 1:160 1:320 1:640 1:1280.
9.To all the tubes (1 to 8) of each set add one drop of the respective WIDALTEST antigen suspension (O, H, AH and BH) from the
reagent vials and mix well.
10.Cover the tubes and incubate at 37° C overnight (approximately 18 hours).
11.Dislodge the sedimented button gently and observe for agglutination.
9. •The titre of the patient
serum using Widal test
antigen suspensions is the
highest dilution of the
serum sample that gives a
visible agglutination.
10. Circle 1 2 3 4 5
Serum
volume(slide
titration)
80 µl 40 µl 20 µl 10 µl 5 µl
Amount of
antigen
1 drop 1 drop 1 drop 1 drop 1 drop
Equivalent tube
titre
1:20 1:40 1:80 1:160 1:320
Reporting Widal test
12. Brucellosis is a widespread zoonosis mainly transmitted from cattle,
sheep, goats, pigs and camels through direct contact with blood,
placenta, fetuses or uterine secretions, or through consumption of
contaminated raw animal products (especially unpasteurized milk and
soft cheese).
Brucellosis was first diagnosed by Wright and Smith in 1897. Other
names for Brucellosis:
• Undulant fever
• Malta fever
• Gibraltar fever
• Mediterranean fever
Rose Bengal Test
The rose Bengal test is a rapid test was designed for the diagnosis of brucellosis.
13. Causal agent of Brucellosis
Brucella abortus causing abortion in cattle
Brucella melitensis causing abortion in goats and sheep
Brucella suis causing abortion in pigs
Brucella canis causing abortion in dogs
These microorganisms localize in the reproductive organs of host animals, causing abortions and sterility.
Laboratory diagnosis of Brucellosis
Rose Bengal test (RBT)
Isolation of Brucella spp. from blood or other clinical
specimen.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ELISA test;
Serum agglutination test,
2-Mercaptoethanol test,
Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)
14. PRINCIPLE
The Rose Bengal Test is a rapid slide agglutination
procedure developed for the direct detection of Brucella
antibodies in human and animal sera-
The bacterial suspension(B. abortus strain coloured with Rose Bengal) is
reactive with both immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies
The presence or absence of a visible agglutination, indicates
the presence or absence of antibodies in the samples tested.
Rose Bengal Test
15. Qualitative method
1. Allow the reagents and samples to reach room temperature.
2. Place 1 drop (50 µL) of the serum under test into one of the
circles on the card. Dispense 1 drop of positive control.
3-Add 1 drop of Rose Bengal Antigen to each circle next to the
sample to be tested.
4-Mix the contents of each circle with a disposable stirrer while
spreading over the entire area enclosed by the ring. Use
separate stirrers for each mixture.
Rotate the slide slowly either by hand or by means of a
mechanical rotator (100 r.p.m.) for a period of 4 minutes.
5-Observe immediately under a suitable light source for any
degree of agglutination.
16. The presence of agglutination indicates an antibody anti-
Brucella concentration equal or greater than 25 IU/mL.
Reading the results and interpretation