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40 zhang bificial_module_overview
This document discusses bifacial photovoltaic modules and the challenges in modelling their performance and economics. It provides a brief history of bifacial modules and lists current suppliers of different bifacial module technologies. It identifies several key factors that impact the gross margin from bifacial systems, including module yield and capital expenditures, as well as the module design, installation environment, and electrical system architecture. Specific modelling challenges discussed include variables in bifacial flash testing, the impact of albedo from different ground covers, mechanical mounting designs, and electrical considerations like optimal inverter sizing and requirements for multi-input microinverters.
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40 zhang bificial_module_overview
- 1. Introduction to BifacialModules and Modelling Teresa W. Zhang, PhD
- 2. P. 2 |SunEdison Confidential Brief History of Bifacial Modules 1966: U.S. Patent on a p+np+ solar cell 1977: Multiple presentations at 1st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (PVSEC) 2000: Russia deploys 10 kW on the International Space Station 2009: Sanyo (now Panasonic) released first commercial bifacial product 2015: >100 patents granted and 10’s of MWs deployed
- 3. P. 3 |SunEdison Confidential (Soon to be) Active Bifiacial Suppliers
- 4. P. 4 |SunEdison Confidential HIT Suppliers HIT – Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer a.k.a. HJT – Heterojunction Technology a.k.a. HCT – Hybrid Cell Technology (Sunpreme)
- 5. P. 5 |SunEdison Confidential PERT Suppliers PERT – Passivated Emitter Rear Contact, Rear Totally Diffused a.k.a. BiSoN – Bifacial Solar Cell on N-type (MegaCell) Related to PERC – Passivated Emitter Rear Contact Related to PERL – Passivated Emitter Rear Contact, Rear Locally Diffused
- 6. P. 6 |SunEdison Confidential Modelling Challenges 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
- 7. P. 7 |SunEdison Confidential Modelling Challenges 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒆 𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 Variables in Bifacial Flash Testing: Front Only BackFront vs. x White Black vs. vs. None 1. Sides Flashed 2. Shield on the opposite side 3. Distance to the back of the flasher +
- 8. P. 8 |SunEdison Confidential Modelling Challenges 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑬𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 Albedo: Image courtesy of Colorado State University
- 9. P. 9 |SunEdison Confidential Modelling Challenges 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑬𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 Albedo: Composite Shingle White EPDM Unpainted Metal Roof White Gravel 0 1005025 75
- 10. P. 10 |SunEdison Confidential Modelling Challenges 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 Mechanical Design:
- 11. P. 11 |SunEdison Confidential Modelling Challenges 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 Mechanical Design: Image courtesy of gammasolar, via NREL
- 12. P. 12 |SunEdison Confidential Modelling Challenges 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 Electrical Design: Optimal inverter capacity Does the DC:AC ratio metric make sense for bifacial modules? Requirements for multiple MPPT windows or string-/micro-inverters; can they handle the additional current? Implications for DC wiring Interpretation of electrical codes Image courtesy of Sungrow
- 13. P. 13 |SunEdison Confidential Modelling Challenges 𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒