This document summarizes work from the KOSINA project to develop generic repository concepts for storing heat-generating nuclear waste in bedded salt formations in Germany. It outlines four repository design concepts - drift disposal of casks, horizontal borehole disposal of canisters, vertical borehole disposal of canisters, and direct disposal of transport casks. For each concept, the repository layout, waste packaging and emplacement methods are described. The document also reviews the types and amounts of nuclear waste according to Germany's waste management program and summarizes the project's objectives to fill gaps in repository design and safety demonstration for bedded salt formations.

1. Repository Designs in Bedded Salt,
the KOSINA-Project
Wilhelm Bollingerfehr, Sabine Prignitz, Niklas
Bertrams, Wolfgang Filbert, Eric Simo
DBE TECHNOLOGY GmbH
Middelburg, The Netherlands
September 5-7, 2017

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Contents
 Context
 Objectives & Work Program
 Repository Designs
 Summary & Conclusions

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Context
New Site Selection Act as of July, 2013: revised in May 2017
 Methodological approach: to compare safety of repository
systems in different host rocks in Germany:
 requires the existence of generic repository concepts and
suitable safety and safety demonstration concepts for all
potential host rock formations (salt, clay, and crystalline rock)
 repository concepts, safety and safety demonstration
concepts for domal salt and for clay exist, are in progress for
crystalline rock, and have to be developed for flat bedded salt
 In summer 2015, BMWi/PTKA launched R&D-Project KOSINA to
develop a generic repository concept for heat-generating waste
in bedded salt as well as a suitable safety and safety
demonstration concept
 Project partners: BGR, GRS, IfG, and DBE TEC
 Objectives: already presented by Till Popp (IfG)

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Work Packages
WP 2:
generic geologic
models
WP 4:
demonstration of
integrity
WP 3: safety and
safety demonstration concept
WP 5:
technical repository
concepts
WP 6: analysis of
radiologic consequences
WP 7:
operational safety
WP 8:
synthesis report
WP 1:
basic data and requirements

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1. Knowledge about Types and Amounts of Waste
2. Clear Understanding of the Geologic Environment
(e.g. type and composition of geologic formation at site)
 See presentation of BGR and IfG (Till Popp)
3. Safety and Safety Demonstration Concept for Bedded Salt
 See presentation of GRS (Jonathan Kindlein)
4. Design Temperature
 max. 200°C
5. Regulatory Framework:
 (e.g. atomic energy act, mining act, safety requirements, etc.)
Fundamentals for Repository Design Work

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Repository Design for 4 Emplacement Alternatives
Type: flat bedded salt
1. Drift disposal of POLLUX
®
Casks
2. borehole disposal (horizontal) of canisters (BSK-H)
Type: salt pillow
3. borehole disposal (vertical) of canisters (BSK-V)
4. Direct disposal of CASTOR® Casks
Tasks:
• design temperature calculations (max. 200°C)
• design of the repository mine
• Transport and emplacement techniology and -systems
• backfilling and sealing concept

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Types and Amounts of Waste
(according to National Waste Management Program)
Waste stream
Cask
Type Number
Spent fuel elements
from nuclear power
plants
PWR
UO2
MOX
12,450 FE
1,530 FE
6,415 tHM
765 tHM
POLLUX®-10
1,398
BWR
UO2
MOX
14,350 FE
1,250 FE
2,465 tHM
220 tHM
520
WWER UO2 5,050 FE 580 tHM 202
Total - - 10,445 tHM POLLUX®-10 2,120
Waste from
reprocessing
CSD-V AREVA NC (F) 3,024
POLLUX®-9
336
Sellafield Ltd.
(UK)
565 63
VEK (D) 140 16
CSD-B AREVA NC (F) 140 POLLUX®-9 16
CSD-C AREVA NC (F) 4,104 POLLUX®-9 456
Total 7,973 POLLUX®-9 887
Spent fuel elements
from prototype and
research reactors
AVR 288,161 FE (spherical)
CASTOR® THTR/AVR
152
THTR 300 617,606 FE (spherical) 305
KNK II 2,484 fuel rods
CASTOR® KNK 4
Otto-Hahn 52 fuel rods
FRM II 150 FE
CASTOR® MTR 2
30
BER II 120 FE 20
FRMZ 89 FE 1
RFR
950 FE
1 fuel rod canister with 16 fuel rods
18
Total - - 530
Compacted structural
components of fuel
elements
Total - MOSAIK® 2,620

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Bedded Salt Disposal Concepts
Design Point
Design Point
Drift Disposal Concept Horizontal Borehole Concept
Repository Layout
Drift Disposal:
similar to Horizontal
Borehole LayoutPosition of the
Repository
in the Geology
Design Region
Design Point

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1. Drift Disposal of POLLUX® Casks
Emplacement Drift
Mine Layout
POLLUX® Cask
(Transport and emplacement technology available!)

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Time in years
Temperaturein°C
2. Horizontal Borehole Disposal
BSK-H Canister
Tank Steel
Roller

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© Herrenknecht AG
Microtunneling for Horizontal Boreholes
2. Horizontal Borehole Disposal

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1. Step:
Emplacement with
bending resisting chain
© Grob GmbH Antriebstechnik
2. Step:
Further pushing down the borehole
with hydraulic jacking frame
© Herrenknecht AG
2. Horizontal Borehole Disposal
Emplacement Technology
(idea: neither developed nor demonstrated)

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Design Parameters:
• Borehole Length: 100 m
• BSK-H per Borehole: 16
2. Horizontal Borehole Disposal
Mine Layout

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Design Point
Design Point
Vertical Borehole Disposal Concept Direct Disposal of Transport Casks
Repository Layout
for Transport Cask
Disposal
Position of
the Repository
in the Geology
Design Region
Repository
Layout
for Vertical
Borehole
Disposal
Salt Pillow Concepts

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Design parameters:
• Borehole depth: 100 m
• BSK per borehole: 15
Mine Layout
SF Canisters (BSK-V)
3. Vertical Borehole Disposal

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4. Direct Disposal of Transport- and Storage Casks

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TransportationdriftforTSCs
Emplacement drift
4. Direct Disposal of Transport and Storage Casks
Tranport and Storage Cask
e.g. CASTOR® V/19
Design parameters:
• Borehole depth: ca. 13 m
• Cask per borehole: 1

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Summary & Conclusions
 Design fundamentals were made available within KOSINA
 types & amounts of waste (DBE TEC)
 generic geological models (BGR +IfG),
 safety concept (GRS)
 laws, ordinances, safety requirements, etc. (all to the public
available)
 Repository designs for 4 emplacement alternatives developed in
consistence with generic geological model conditions
 R&D project KOSINA will fill a gap existing in repository design
and safety demonstration concepts in Germany
 R&D project KOSINA results/final report will be available in
spring 2018, prior to the start of a public debate (approx. autumn
2018) about draft ordinance on revised repository safety
requirements and ordinance on safety investigations

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Thank you for your attention.
DBE TECHNOLOGY GmbH