11. Blood flow is
a priority
Just like you can hold your breath for a minute or two
without having brain damage, people in cardiac arrest
can go a minute or two (actually a lot longer than that)
without taking a breath. What they really need is for that
blood to get flowing again.
Any delay in blood flow reduces survival. Rescue
breathing almost always delays chest compressions.
Even if breathing first was important (which it's not), it
introduced delays that were never intended..
12.
13.
14. Chest
Compression
Basics:
Chest compressions should be at least two
inches deep for adult patients and should be
delivered at a rate between 100-120 per minute.
Deliver chest compressions too slow and there
will never be enough blood pressure to reach the
brain adequately. Deliver them too fast and you
risk not allowing enough blood to return to the
chest before the next compression.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. What does CPR stand for
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
20.
21. Why does CPR
work?
CPR uses chest compressions to mimic how the
heart pumps.These compressions help keep blood
flowing throughout the body. Cardiac arrest is not
the same as a heart attack.A heart attack happens
when blood flow to the heart is blocked
22. A cardiac arrest
usually happens
without warning.
If someone is in
cardiac arrest,
they collapse
suddenly and:
Will be unconscious
Will be unresponsive and
Won't be breathing or breathing
normally - not breathing normally may
mean they’re making gasping noises.
23. Hazards
Is it safe for the
rescuer
Is it safe for the child
Hello
Awake
Breathing
Help Call for help
24. Safety first : Hazard ,
Hallo , HELP
Circulation / chest
compressions
Airway
Breathing
25. • Scene safety
• Personal protective equipment
Safe for rescuer:
Safe for bystanders
Safe for the patient
26.
27.
28. Calling for
help
If you are alone, start CPR first and
then make the phone call for help
after about 2 minutes of CPR.
Numbers to call
• National Emergency Medical Service number
• Cell phone number
• Private services
• What EMS need to know
29. Begin Begin CPR, starting with 30 chest compressions.
Place Place the second hand over the first, interlock fingers and lock elbows straight.
Place Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest on the lower half of the breastbone.
Make Make sure the patient is lying on their back on a firm flat surface.
30. Continue If ribs fracture, continue CPR
Do not be Do not be afraid to push too hard on the chest. Pushing too softly will not give effective chest compressions.
Allow Allow complete chest recoil after each compression.
Push Push fast – at least 100-120/min.
Push Push hard – at least 5cm deep.
31.
32.
33.
34. One way
valve
Place the face shield in the patient’s mouth.
Pinch the nose closed under the plastic.
Open the airway using a head tilt chin lift.
Take a normal breath and cover the patient’s mouth
completely with your mouth.
Give a breath over 1 second. You should see the chest rise.
Give a second breath.
After 2 attempts, if there is no chest rise, go back to
compressions and try again
35.
36. Compressions
and breath
You will be pushing on the chest 30 times and
giving 2 breaths.
Continue repeating 30 compressions and 2 breaths
until:
• Spontaneous breathing or patient wakes up
• Trained professional takes over
• Out of breath and too exhausted to continue
• Professional declares the patient dead
37.
38.
39.
40.
41. Hand only CPR
• If you are unwilling to perform mouth-to-mouth
ventilations and a ventilation device is not
immediately available,CPR can be started by just
doing chest compressions.
• This is only effective for 5 to 10 minutes
• Give the patient 2 breaths as soon as a ventilation
device is available.
• CPR should then be continued with 30
compressions and 2 breaths.
• Hands onlyCPR is ineffective in children/infants as
most cardiac arrests are due to breathing
problems.
42.
43.
44.
45. Child CPR
The processes and skills are almost identical to that
of an adult patient.
Adaptions:
Aim to push down 5cm or half the child’s chest
height.
Use one or two hands.
Only blow in enough air to make the chest rise.
If you are alone, start CPR first and then make the
phone call for help after about 2 minutes.
46.
47. Infant CPR
The processes and skills are almost identical to that
of a child victim
Adaptions:
Using only two fingers, aim to push down 4cm or
half the infant’s chest height.
Cover the infant's nose and mouth with your mouth
and only blow in enough air to make the chest rise.
If you are alone, start CPR first, and then make the
phone call for help after about 2 minutes.
48.
49. Steps to help a choking adult or child
1
Ask if they are
choking.
2
Encourage them to
cough.
3
Stand sideways
behind the patient.
4
Place one foot
between the
patient’s feet.
5
Place one of your
fists just above the
patient’s belly
button.
6
Place your second
hand over your fist.
7
Pull in sharply, at a
45° angle.
Give up to 5 firm
abdominal thrusts.
50. Steps to
help a
choking
adult or
child
1
Lean the patient
forward.
2
Give up to 5 firm
back slaps between
the shoulders.
3
Repeat the thrusts
and back slaps
forcefully.
4
If patient becomes
unconscious, start
CPR.
5
Look in the mouth
before giving 2
breaths.
If you can see the
object, remove
under vision.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55. Why the Recovery position
There may be a risk of vomiting in patients who are not
responding but are breathing effectively.
It is best to position these patients on their sides to allow the
fluids to drain out of their mouths.
