ABSTRACT: The Khe Nuoc Trong proposed natural reserve in central Vietnam harbors a diverse avifauna that remains under surveyed and poorly know. The first comprehensive ornithological inventory of the Khe Nuoc Trong was conducted from 2011 to 2015, and it was compared with those of other sites in central Vietnam. The study site is covered by evergreen tropical forest on lowlands with elevation under 1,000 m. A total of 210 bird species have been recorded from observation fieldwork and camera trapping in the study area, including four restricted-range species: Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata, Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouilleia danjoui, Grey-faced Tit-babbler Macronous kelleyi and White-cheeked Laughing thrush Garrulax vassali. Hunting with snares is a major threat to galliformes and other ground-dwelling small and medium-sized animal. In terms of endemism, the study site is one of the top two sites of 11 Important Bird Areas in the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area in central Vietnam.
Status of Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) and Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in th...AI Publications
The study titled “Status of Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) and Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the North and South Eastern parts of the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (K-FNP) of the North West Region of Cameroon” was carried out in the rainy season from 1st May to 31st July 2015. The general objective was to contribute to the conservation of bushbuck and Buffalo in the K-FNP through the establishment of status of mammals which will serve as a guide for management decisions. The methodology employed was the “recce-walk”. Twenty seven (27) lines transects of 2 km long each were walked making a total effort of 53km. One hundred and fifty six (156) questionnaires were administered to the local population, twenty one (21) semi-structured interviews to households and seven (7) focus group discussions with local chiefs and notables were used to get local people’s perceptions about wildlife conservation in the NP. Results revealed a total of 13 species of mammals within the NP belonging to 6 families. The Bovidae family had the highest number of species represented by the buffalo (Syncerus caffer), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), the blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola) and the red duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis). The buffalo and the bushbuck recorded encounter rates of 0.85 and 0.34sign/km respectively. The Buffalo had a higher density in the North East of the South East compartment of the park while the bushbuck had a higher density in the south west of the north east compartment. There was a strong relationship (R2=0.792) between the encounter rate of mammals and anthropogenic activities. Ninety two (92.31%) of respondents recognized the importance of the NP because they depended on it for collection of NTFP’s (34.60%), hunting of Bushmeat (12.80%), fuel wood gathering (7.70%), religious activities (6.40%), agricultural land (5.10%), harvesting of medicinal plants(5.10%), source of clean water (5.10%), traditional rituals (3.80%) and traditional medicine harvesting (2.6%). Ninety seven percent (97.2%) supported wildlife conservation because of its touristic, aesthetic and for sustainability. Thirty four percent (34.60%) of the respondents were aware of community implication in managing the NP. K-FNP is poor in species abundance, species richness and flagship species. Associated benefits from ecotourism are far-fetched coupled with encroachment by grazers. We therefore recommend that the government, councils, NGOs and the local communities should step up conservation efforts.
Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
This document summarizes a study on biodiversity change along a gradient of human impact within the Ferlo Biosphere Reserve in northern Senegal. The study analyzed woody vegetation across 110 plots in the core area, buffer zone, and transition area. A total of 49 species across 16 families were identified. Species abundance and diversity indices revealed that the buffer zone and transition area, which experience greater human activity, had higher diversity and stand organization than the core area. The four most abundant species comprised 68% of total individuals. The study found biodiversity varied along the human impact gradient within the reserve.
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
Birds of Pambujan, Northern Samar, Philippinesijtsrd
This assessment was specifically carried out to identify the avian species present in the study area, describe its distribution, determine its frequency, ascertain their conservation status, and enumerate the anthropogenic factors that influence their presence in the sampling sites. In each of the five barangays, representing different habitat types, a 1 kilometer trail was established and visited twice a day until the species accumulation asymptote was reached. During each visit, photographic images of the avian species present were taken for documentation and identification purposes. There were 27 species of birds, belonging to 17 families, present in the sampling sites. Of these species, Passer montanus, Artamus leucorhynchus, and Hirundo tahitica were the most frequently sighted. On the other hand, Bulbopsittacus lunulatus was the least frequently observed bird. Majority of the birds inhabited the forest area, while others were found along riverbanks, in grasslands, and along the coasts. Except for Ceyx melanurus, which is listed as “vulnerableâ€, all other species were categorized as “least concern†under the IUCN Guidelines. Swidden agriculture slash and burn or kaingin and hunting for food and the pet trade affect the presence of birds in the sampling sites. Although there are still a number of species present, it is imperative that adequate protection and conservation measures are adopted and strictly implemented by the local government units. Joseph L. Lucban, Jr. | Abel Alejandro U. Flores, Jr. ""Birds of Pambujan, Northern Samar, Philippines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22938.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/22938/birds-of-pambujan-northern-samar-philippines/joseph-l-lucban-jr
This document discusses wildlife conservation in India. It notes that India is home to significant biodiversity and many threatened species. National parks and wildlife sanctuaries aim to preserve this wildlife, while the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and Project Tiger provide legal protections. However, habitat loss and fragmentation from human activities like deforestation, grazing, and infrastructure development threaten Indian wildlife. Increased awareness and community involvement are important for effective long-term conservation.
The document summarizes the background and importance of avian (bird) species conservation. It discusses how birds play important roles in ecosystems by dispersing seeds, controlling insect pests, and providing pollination. The loss of bird species negatively impacts the balance of entire ecosystems and the services they provide. The document also notes that over 27% of assessed bird species are threatened with extinction globally according to the IUCN Red List. In Nepal specifically, 886 bird species have been recorded with 42 globally threatened and 35 near threatened. The conservation of endangered bird species is important for maintaining healthy ecosystems and the services they provide to humans.
Status of Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) and Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in th...AI Publications
The study titled “Status of Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) and Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the North and South Eastern parts of the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (K-FNP) of the North West Region of Cameroon” was carried out in the rainy season from 1st May to 31st July 2015. The general objective was to contribute to the conservation of bushbuck and Buffalo in the K-FNP through the establishment of status of mammals which will serve as a guide for management decisions. The methodology employed was the “recce-walk”. Twenty seven (27) lines transects of 2 km long each were walked making a total effort of 53km. One hundred and fifty six (156) questionnaires were administered to the local population, twenty one (21) semi-structured interviews to households and seven (7) focus group discussions with local chiefs and notables were used to get local people’s perceptions about wildlife conservation in the NP. Results revealed a total of 13 species of mammals within the NP belonging to 6 families. The Bovidae family had the highest number of species represented by the buffalo (Syncerus caffer), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), the blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola) and the red duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis). The buffalo and the bushbuck recorded encounter rates of 0.85 and 0.34sign/km respectively. The Buffalo had a higher density in the North East of the South East compartment of the park while the bushbuck had a higher density in the south west of the north east compartment. There was a strong relationship (R2=0.792) between the encounter rate of mammals and anthropogenic activities. Ninety two (92.31%) of respondents recognized the importance of the NP because they depended on it for collection of NTFP’s (34.60%), hunting of Bushmeat (12.80%), fuel wood gathering (7.70%), religious activities (6.40%), agricultural land (5.10%), harvesting of medicinal plants(5.10%), source of clean water (5.10%), traditional rituals (3.80%) and traditional medicine harvesting (2.6%). Ninety seven percent (97.2%) supported wildlife conservation because of its touristic, aesthetic and for sustainability. Thirty four percent (34.60%) of the respondents were aware of community implication in managing the NP. K-FNP is poor in species abundance, species richness and flagship species. Associated benefits from ecotourism are far-fetched coupled with encroachment by grazers. We therefore recommend that the government, councils, NGOs and the local communities should step up conservation efforts.
Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
This document summarizes a study on biodiversity change along a gradient of human impact within the Ferlo Biosphere Reserve in northern Senegal. The study analyzed woody vegetation across 110 plots in the core area, buffer zone, and transition area. A total of 49 species across 16 families were identified. Species abundance and diversity indices revealed that the buffer zone and transition area, which experience greater human activity, had higher diversity and stand organization than the core area. The four most abundant species comprised 68% of total individuals. The study found biodiversity varied along the human impact gradient within the reserve.
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
Birds of Pambujan, Northern Samar, Philippinesijtsrd
This assessment was specifically carried out to identify the avian species present in the study area, describe its distribution, determine its frequency, ascertain their conservation status, and enumerate the anthropogenic factors that influence their presence in the sampling sites. In each of the five barangays, representing different habitat types, a 1 kilometer trail was established and visited twice a day until the species accumulation asymptote was reached. During each visit, photographic images of the avian species present were taken for documentation and identification purposes. There were 27 species of birds, belonging to 17 families, present in the sampling sites. Of these species, Passer montanus, Artamus leucorhynchus, and Hirundo tahitica were the most frequently sighted. On the other hand, Bulbopsittacus lunulatus was the least frequently observed bird. Majority of the birds inhabited the forest area, while others were found along riverbanks, in grasslands, and along the coasts. Except for Ceyx melanurus, which is listed as “vulnerableâ€, all other species were categorized as “least concern†under the IUCN Guidelines. Swidden agriculture slash and burn or kaingin and hunting for food and the pet trade affect the presence of birds in the sampling sites. Although there are still a number of species present, it is imperative that adequate protection and conservation measures are adopted and strictly implemented by the local government units. Joseph L. Lucban, Jr. | Abel Alejandro U. Flores, Jr. ""Birds of Pambujan, Northern Samar, Philippines"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22938.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/22938/birds-of-pambujan-northern-samar-philippines/joseph-l-lucban-jr
This document discusses wildlife conservation in India. It notes that India is home to significant biodiversity and many threatened species. National parks and wildlife sanctuaries aim to preserve this wildlife, while the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and Project Tiger provide legal protections. However, habitat loss and fragmentation from human activities like deforestation, grazing, and infrastructure development threaten Indian wildlife. Increased awareness and community involvement are important for effective long-term conservation.
The document summarizes the background and importance of avian (bird) species conservation. It discusses how birds play important roles in ecosystems by dispersing seeds, controlling insect pests, and providing pollination. The loss of bird species negatively impacts the balance of entire ecosystems and the services they provide. The document also notes that over 27% of assessed bird species are threatened with extinction globally according to the IUCN Red List. In Nepal specifically, 886 bird species have been recorded with 42 globally threatened and 35 near threatened. The conservation of endangered bird species is important for maintaining healthy ecosystems and the services they provide to humans.
This document provides information on protected areas in Pakistan. It defines protected areas and notes that Pakistan has four types: national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, game reserves, and community-controlled hunting areas. It lists the number of each type of protected area by province. National parks are described as set aside for scenic and wildlife protection. Several major national parks are highlighted, including the largest - Central Karakoram National Park. Wildlife sanctuaries are areas where public access is restricted to protect flora and fauna. Game reserves allow controlled hunting.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280565135_The_importance_of_the_Myanmar_coast_for_water_birds
The importance of the Myanmar coast for water birds
https://medcraveonline.com/IJAWB/IJAWB-03-00104.pdf
https://myanmar.wcs.org/Wildlife/Birds.aspx
BIRDS
http://www.myanmar-ecotourism.org/index.php/qbird-watching-in-moeyungyi-wetlands
Bird watching in Moeyungyi Wetlands
This document summarizes a presentation on wildlife conservation in India. It discusses India's biodiversity, defining wildlife conservation and importance. It outlines causes of wildlife destruction like habitat loss, poaching, and fragmentation. Specific endangered species are highlighted. The document also reviews India's past wildlife, current status, government role in conservation like the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger, and provides recommendations.
Protected areas of the world & pakistanWaqar Majeed
Wild animals are the key pats of Nature and to sustain and manage them should be the basic priority of us. this seminar aid us in the explanation of all these.
Wildlife conservation is important to protect endangered species and habitats. Over 1,000 animal and 750 plant species worldwide are endangered or threatened. In India, many species are threatened due to habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. The government has established many protected areas and enacted wildlife laws to promote conservation. Continued conservation efforts are needed to protect India's rich biodiversity for future generations.
Diversity and distribution of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in the No...Innspub Net
This document summarizes a study on the diversity and distribution of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in northern Cameroon. The researchers collected antlion larvae and adults from eight localities across two agroecological zones (Sudano-Guinean and Sudano-Sahelian) from 2015-2017. In total, they obtained 1672 antlions comprising 1028 larvae and 645 adults, representing 22 species across five tribes. The most abundant tribes differed between species counts and individual counts. The study provides baseline data on antlion biodiversity in northern Cameroon across different habitats and regions.
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...inventy
This document summarizes a study that assessed the management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem, using Ikorongo and Grumeti Game Reserves as a case study. The study aimed to identify natural resource management strategies used, examine their impacts and hindrances, and identify ways to improve performance. It found that strategies have successfully reduced poaching by 96% and improved community relations. However, challenges remain like loss of life/property from wildlife conflicts and lack of access to water sources. The study concluded strategies have been fairly sustainable but need more participatory local approaches and benefit sharing to achieve collaborative management across the ecosystem. It recommended solutions like equitable benefit sharing, more funding, non-lethal deterrents, and strengthened
Wildlife and its importance A presentation By Mr Allah Dad KhanMr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides information about wildlife and national parks in Abbottabad Wildlife Division, Pakistan. It discusses what constitutes wildlife, the importance of wildlife, and the relationship between wildlife and forests. It then describes the Abbottabad Wildlife Division in more detail, including habitat types and key national parks like Ayubia National Park. The national park is described in terms of its biodiversity, features, potential for ecotourism, and socio-ecological significance. Threats to the park's resources and problems arising from human-wildlife conflict are outlined. The document concludes with information about the Lalazar wildlife park within Ayubia National Park.
Wildlife conservation is important to maintain ecosystem stability and health. Deforestation, pollution, and poaching threaten wildlife by destroying habitats. National parks and sanctuaries protect animals and plants, but cover only a small percentage of land. Several species have gone extinct in India, including the Indian cheetah, and the planet is entering a sixth mass extinction phase if trends continue. Conservation measures are needed to preserve biodiversity, including breeding endangered species, stopping poaching, and increasing environmental protection and awareness.
This document provides an overview of forest genetic resources in Egypt. It notes that Egypt has 147,145 hectares of forest area, including 1,999 hectares of naturally regenerating forests and 127,155 hectares of plantation forests. It describes key species found in natural forests and plantations. The document also discusses strategies and programs for in-situ and ex-situ conservation of genetic resources, including the establishment of protected areas, gene banks, botanic gardens, and herbaria. However, it notes there are obstacles to conservation programs like a lack of financial resources and training.
Diversity and abundance of terrestrial mammals in the northern periphery of ...Innspub Net
The Tanoé-Ehy Marsh Forest (TEMF), an unprotected forest that is about to be turn into a voluntary nature reserve is a forest block in south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire known as being of great importance for the conservation of biodiversity. But in the rainy season, that forest is largely over flooded and terrestrial mammals are likely to move to the periphery and make them vulnerable to anthropogenic threats. Our objectives are to determine the diversity, the relative abundance of terrestrial mammals and their spatial distribution in the northern periphery of the TEMF during the rainy season. We collected data by conducting recce surveys after interviews with local people. In total, we obtained 33 species among which ten primates’ species were identified. According to the recce survey, the African Civet (Civettictis civetta) and the Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) are the most common and abundant species in the study area with 12.7% and 12.0% of relative abundance respectively. In addition, six of the listed species are on the IUCN Red List, including Piliocolobus waldronae, a critically endangered species, Cercocebus lunulatus and Cercopithecus roloway endangered species, Colobus vellerosus, Phataginus tetradactyla and Phataginus tricuspis, three vulnerable species. Thus, the consideration of the periphery for the sustainable management of the TEMF is proving to be an imperative.
Study of Bryophytic Flora in the Ramsar Wetland of Merja Zerga (North-west of...IJEAB
This study identified 26 species of bryophytes in the Ramsar wetland of Merja Zerga in northwestern Morocco, including 22 mosses and 4 liverworts. Previous studies in the area had focused on higher plants and algae, providing the first investigation of the bryophyte flora. Bryophytes were collected through systematic sampling across the wetland habitats. The identified species belonged to 15 genera of mosses and 3 genera of liverworts within 9 families of mosses and 3 families of liverworts. Compared to earlier studies, 11 species were found to be new records for the area. The relatively low bryophyte diversity was attributed to influences of sea spray and strong human disturbance
The document discusses wildlife and conservation efforts in Pakistan. It provides information on the types of wildlife found in Pakistan, including 188 mammal species and 666 bird species. It then outlines several major threats facing Pakistani wildlife, such as habitat loss due to deforestation, agriculture, and urban growth. The document also describes Pakistan's national parks system and the 21 national parks established to protect the country's biodiversity and wildlife. It emphasizes that conservation is important to preserve Pakistan's biological heritage for future generations.
Bat Classification based on Perceptual, Spectrum and Cepstral Features in Kal...AM Publications
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for classifying 16 bat species in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in India based on their echolocation calls. Bats use echolocation to navigate and forage, emitting ultrasonic calls and interpreting the echoes. The researchers recorded bat calls using detectors and extracted perceptual, spectral, and cepstral features from the calls to classify the species. Features included total power, subband powers, pitch frequency, duration, and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. A 38-dimensional feature vector was formed from the call features to classify bats using their echolocation signatures. The goal was to develop an acoustic classification scheme for monitoring bat populations and habitats in the
Wildlife trade Presentation;UOR,Faculty Of Agriculture,MapalanaMuslim Aid
International wildlife trade involves the legal and illegal trade of wild animals, plants, and their products globally. It is a large industry valued between $7-23 billion annually. However, illegal wildlife trade threatens many species with extinction as it is driven by high demand and profits from trafficking endangered species like elephants, rhinos, and tigers. Impacts include loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and compromised security. Organizations like TRAFFIC and CITES aim to regulate and monitor wildlife trade to promote sustainable and legal trade while curbing poaching and illegal trafficking.
An animal sanctuary is a facility that protects and cares for animals until their natural death. Unlike shelters, sanctuaries do not seek to place animals in homes but rather maintain each animal at the sanctuary. The mission is to provide a safe haven where animals receive the best care and are not used for commercial purposes. A sanctuary prioritizes the well-being of its residents and ensures all actions are in the animals' interests rather than for human benefit.
The document summarizes information about the Himalayan musk deer ecology and conservation project. It describes the musk deer's habitat in alpine forests and scrub, solitary and nocturnal behavior, and population declines due to illegal hunting for its musk used in traditional medicines. Conservation efforts focus on protecting musk deer populations within national parks and sanctuaries, controlling domestic and international musk trade, sustainable use of the species, and captive breeding programs. International agreements like CITES aim to restrict musk deer product trade and use to support species conservation.
Diversity and Richness of Ciconiiformes Species in Badagry Wetland Southweste...BRNSS Publication Hub
We examined the richness and diversity Ciconiiformes species in Badagry wetland southwestern Nigeria. Point count method was used to collect data on the richness and diversity of Ciconiiformes in the study area. Counting bands of the 50 m radius were used for all the stations. The minimum distance between two counting stations was 200 m, and 25 stations were used for this study. On arrival at the sites, birds were allowed time to settle before recording all the birds seen or heard for a predetermined time 20 min. From the result obtained, it indicates that the study area is rich Ciconiiformes species. A total of 16 Ciconiiformes species belonging to four families were recorded in the study area. The family Ardeidae has the highest number of bird species (11), this is followed by Ciconiidae family (3), Threskiornithidae and Scopidae families have one bird species each. The Shannon H index revealed that dry season (2.153) was lower than a wet season (2.357); this was based on the data collected during the period of the research study. From the result obtained of the relative abundance of bird species in the study area, it was revealed that the following four bird species Ardea cinerea, Ardea melanocephala, Scopus umbretta, and Bostrychia hagedash have the highest relative (4.44) individual bird species per square kilometer within the study area.
A preliminary checklist of avifauna in Hullathi Section of Ranebennur Blackbu...Open Access Research Paper
The Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary is located in Ranebennur Taluk of Haveri District, Karnataka. The sanctuary is declared on 17-6-1974 as per Government of Karnataka Notification No.AFD-58-PWL-74 with an area of 119 Sq.km (30,464 acres). This sanctuary mainly concerned with the conservation of Black bucks and Great Indian Bustard. Due to habitat loss GIB are not sighting since from 1998 and the sanctuary inhabits a wide variety of fauna and flora. The entire survey was comprehensively carried out by walking along the fixed paths for documentation of avifauna. Depending on the movement and occurrence, birds were classified as resident, resident migratory, local migratory, winter migratory and summer migratory depending on the frequency of sightings, birds were classified as: common, uncommon, rare and fairly common. The present study aims to estimate the avifaunal diversity in Hullathi section 0f Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary. The study revealed the occurrence of 104 species of birds in Hullathi section respectively. Among them Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), were listed in the near threatened category (IUCN, 2012). The result also showed that the agriculture land, wetland area and surrounding vegetation are favorable environmental conditions suitable for the migratory, resident as well as the threatened species of birds. These are protected under the provisions of schedule IV of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The spotting of these threatened bird species highlights the importance of study area as an important feeding, staging and wintering ground for birds.
Diversity of birds paper from mangroves, j exp sciPrabhakar Pawar
Mangroves are one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems in the world, providing shelter and feeding sites for many animal species. With continuing degradation and destruction of mangroves, there is a critical need to understand the biodiversity of the mangrove ecosystems. Birds are bio-indicators of habitat quality and are sensitive to any subtle changes takes place in the habitat. Monitoring of species diversity is a useful technique for assessing damage to the system and maintenance of good species diversity is a positive management objective. A total of 56 species of birds representing 11 orders, 29 families and 46 genera were recorded from the mangroves of Uran coast. Of the recorded species, 33.93 % belonged to Order Passeriformes, 26.79 % to Ciconiiformes, 8.93 % to Charadriiformes, 7.14 % to Anseriformes, 5.36 % each to Coraciiformes and Falconiformes, 3.57 % each to Columbiformes and Gruiformes and 1.79 % each to Cuculiformes, Pelecaniformes and Psittaciformes. Avifauna of the order Passeriformes is dominant in Uran mangroves and is represented
by 11 families, followed by order Ciconiiformes with 5 families. The species diversity comprises 33 residents, 20 winter
visitors and 3 occasional visitors. At present, ecological conditions in mangroves of Uran supports moderate density of birds but due to intense industrialization and urbanization, pollution of Uran coast cannot be ignored. Therefore, data presented in this paper can be taken as a base line data.
This document provides information on protected areas in Pakistan. It defines protected areas and notes that Pakistan has four types: national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, game reserves, and community-controlled hunting areas. It lists the number of each type of protected area by province. National parks are described as set aside for scenic and wildlife protection. Several major national parks are highlighted, including the largest - Central Karakoram National Park. Wildlife sanctuaries are areas where public access is restricted to protect flora and fauna. Game reserves allow controlled hunting.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280565135_The_importance_of_the_Myanmar_coast_for_water_birds
The importance of the Myanmar coast for water birds
https://medcraveonline.com/IJAWB/IJAWB-03-00104.pdf
https://myanmar.wcs.org/Wildlife/Birds.aspx
BIRDS
http://www.myanmar-ecotourism.org/index.php/qbird-watching-in-moeyungyi-wetlands
Bird watching in Moeyungyi Wetlands
This document summarizes a presentation on wildlife conservation in India. It discusses India's biodiversity, defining wildlife conservation and importance. It outlines causes of wildlife destruction like habitat loss, poaching, and fragmentation. Specific endangered species are highlighted. The document also reviews India's past wildlife, current status, government role in conservation like the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger, and provides recommendations.
Protected areas of the world & pakistanWaqar Majeed
Wild animals are the key pats of Nature and to sustain and manage them should be the basic priority of us. this seminar aid us in the explanation of all these.
Wildlife conservation is important to protect endangered species and habitats. Over 1,000 animal and 750 plant species worldwide are endangered or threatened. In India, many species are threatened due to habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. The government has established many protected areas and enacted wildlife laws to promote conservation. Continued conservation efforts are needed to protect India's rich biodiversity for future generations.
Diversity and distribution of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in the No...Innspub Net
This document summarizes a study on the diversity and distribution of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in northern Cameroon. The researchers collected antlion larvae and adults from eight localities across two agroecological zones (Sudano-Guinean and Sudano-Sahelian) from 2015-2017. In total, they obtained 1672 antlions comprising 1028 larvae and 645 adults, representing 22 species across five tribes. The most abundant tribes differed between species counts and individual counts. The study provides baseline data on antlion biodiversity in northern Cameroon across different habitats and regions.
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...inventy
This document summarizes a study that assessed the management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem, using Ikorongo and Grumeti Game Reserves as a case study. The study aimed to identify natural resource management strategies used, examine their impacts and hindrances, and identify ways to improve performance. It found that strategies have successfully reduced poaching by 96% and improved community relations. However, challenges remain like loss of life/property from wildlife conflicts and lack of access to water sources. The study concluded strategies have been fairly sustainable but need more participatory local approaches and benefit sharing to achieve collaborative management across the ecosystem. It recommended solutions like equitable benefit sharing, more funding, non-lethal deterrents, and strengthened
Wildlife and its importance A presentation By Mr Allah Dad KhanMr.Allah Dad Khan
This document provides information about wildlife and national parks in Abbottabad Wildlife Division, Pakistan. It discusses what constitutes wildlife, the importance of wildlife, and the relationship between wildlife and forests. It then describes the Abbottabad Wildlife Division in more detail, including habitat types and key national parks like Ayubia National Park. The national park is described in terms of its biodiversity, features, potential for ecotourism, and socio-ecological significance. Threats to the park's resources and problems arising from human-wildlife conflict are outlined. The document concludes with information about the Lalazar wildlife park within Ayubia National Park.
Wildlife conservation is important to maintain ecosystem stability and health. Deforestation, pollution, and poaching threaten wildlife by destroying habitats. National parks and sanctuaries protect animals and plants, but cover only a small percentage of land. Several species have gone extinct in India, including the Indian cheetah, and the planet is entering a sixth mass extinction phase if trends continue. Conservation measures are needed to preserve biodiversity, including breeding endangered species, stopping poaching, and increasing environmental protection and awareness.
This document provides an overview of forest genetic resources in Egypt. It notes that Egypt has 147,145 hectares of forest area, including 1,999 hectares of naturally regenerating forests and 127,155 hectares of plantation forests. It describes key species found in natural forests and plantations. The document also discusses strategies and programs for in-situ and ex-situ conservation of genetic resources, including the establishment of protected areas, gene banks, botanic gardens, and herbaria. However, it notes there are obstacles to conservation programs like a lack of financial resources and training.
Diversity and abundance of terrestrial mammals in the northern periphery of ...Innspub Net
The Tanoé-Ehy Marsh Forest (TEMF), an unprotected forest that is about to be turn into a voluntary nature reserve is a forest block in south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire known as being of great importance for the conservation of biodiversity. But in the rainy season, that forest is largely over flooded and terrestrial mammals are likely to move to the periphery and make them vulnerable to anthropogenic threats. Our objectives are to determine the diversity, the relative abundance of terrestrial mammals and their spatial distribution in the northern periphery of the TEMF during the rainy season. We collected data by conducting recce surveys after interviews with local people. In total, we obtained 33 species among which ten primates’ species were identified. According to the recce survey, the African Civet (Civettictis civetta) and the Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) are the most common and abundant species in the study area with 12.7% and 12.0% of relative abundance respectively. In addition, six of the listed species are on the IUCN Red List, including Piliocolobus waldronae, a critically endangered species, Cercocebus lunulatus and Cercopithecus roloway endangered species, Colobus vellerosus, Phataginus tetradactyla and Phataginus tricuspis, three vulnerable species. Thus, the consideration of the periphery for the sustainable management of the TEMF is proving to be an imperative.
Study of Bryophytic Flora in the Ramsar Wetland of Merja Zerga (North-west of...IJEAB
This study identified 26 species of bryophytes in the Ramsar wetland of Merja Zerga in northwestern Morocco, including 22 mosses and 4 liverworts. Previous studies in the area had focused on higher plants and algae, providing the first investigation of the bryophyte flora. Bryophytes were collected through systematic sampling across the wetland habitats. The identified species belonged to 15 genera of mosses and 3 genera of liverworts within 9 families of mosses and 3 families of liverworts. Compared to earlier studies, 11 species were found to be new records for the area. The relatively low bryophyte diversity was attributed to influences of sea spray and strong human disturbance
The document discusses wildlife and conservation efforts in Pakistan. It provides information on the types of wildlife found in Pakistan, including 188 mammal species and 666 bird species. It then outlines several major threats facing Pakistani wildlife, such as habitat loss due to deforestation, agriculture, and urban growth. The document also describes Pakistan's national parks system and the 21 national parks established to protect the country's biodiversity and wildlife. It emphasizes that conservation is important to preserve Pakistan's biological heritage for future generations.
Bat Classification based on Perceptual, Spectrum and Cepstral Features in Kal...AM Publications
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for classifying 16 bat species in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in India based on their echolocation calls. Bats use echolocation to navigate and forage, emitting ultrasonic calls and interpreting the echoes. The researchers recorded bat calls using detectors and extracted perceptual, spectral, and cepstral features from the calls to classify the species. Features included total power, subband powers, pitch frequency, duration, and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. A 38-dimensional feature vector was formed from the call features to classify bats using their echolocation signatures. The goal was to develop an acoustic classification scheme for monitoring bat populations and habitats in the
Wildlife trade Presentation;UOR,Faculty Of Agriculture,MapalanaMuslim Aid
International wildlife trade involves the legal and illegal trade of wild animals, plants, and their products globally. It is a large industry valued between $7-23 billion annually. However, illegal wildlife trade threatens many species with extinction as it is driven by high demand and profits from trafficking endangered species like elephants, rhinos, and tigers. Impacts include loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and compromised security. Organizations like TRAFFIC and CITES aim to regulate and monitor wildlife trade to promote sustainable and legal trade while curbing poaching and illegal trafficking.
An animal sanctuary is a facility that protects and cares for animals until their natural death. Unlike shelters, sanctuaries do not seek to place animals in homes but rather maintain each animal at the sanctuary. The mission is to provide a safe haven where animals receive the best care and are not used for commercial purposes. A sanctuary prioritizes the well-being of its residents and ensures all actions are in the animals' interests rather than for human benefit.
The document summarizes information about the Himalayan musk deer ecology and conservation project. It describes the musk deer's habitat in alpine forests and scrub, solitary and nocturnal behavior, and population declines due to illegal hunting for its musk used in traditional medicines. Conservation efforts focus on protecting musk deer populations within national parks and sanctuaries, controlling domestic and international musk trade, sustainable use of the species, and captive breeding programs. International agreements like CITES aim to restrict musk deer product trade and use to support species conservation.
Diversity and Richness of Ciconiiformes Species in Badagry Wetland Southweste...BRNSS Publication Hub
We examined the richness and diversity Ciconiiformes species in Badagry wetland southwestern Nigeria. Point count method was used to collect data on the richness and diversity of Ciconiiformes in the study area. Counting bands of the 50 m radius were used for all the stations. The minimum distance between two counting stations was 200 m, and 25 stations were used for this study. On arrival at the sites, birds were allowed time to settle before recording all the birds seen or heard for a predetermined time 20 min. From the result obtained, it indicates that the study area is rich Ciconiiformes species. A total of 16 Ciconiiformes species belonging to four families were recorded in the study area. The family Ardeidae has the highest number of bird species (11), this is followed by Ciconiidae family (3), Threskiornithidae and Scopidae families have one bird species each. The Shannon H index revealed that dry season (2.153) was lower than a wet season (2.357); this was based on the data collected during the period of the research study. From the result obtained of the relative abundance of bird species in the study area, it was revealed that the following four bird species Ardea cinerea, Ardea melanocephala, Scopus umbretta, and Bostrychia hagedash have the highest relative (4.44) individual bird species per square kilometer within the study area.
A preliminary checklist of avifauna in Hullathi Section of Ranebennur Blackbu...Open Access Research Paper
The Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary is located in Ranebennur Taluk of Haveri District, Karnataka. The sanctuary is declared on 17-6-1974 as per Government of Karnataka Notification No.AFD-58-PWL-74 with an area of 119 Sq.km (30,464 acres). This sanctuary mainly concerned with the conservation of Black bucks and Great Indian Bustard. Due to habitat loss GIB are not sighting since from 1998 and the sanctuary inhabits a wide variety of fauna and flora. The entire survey was comprehensively carried out by walking along the fixed paths for documentation of avifauna. Depending on the movement and occurrence, birds were classified as resident, resident migratory, local migratory, winter migratory and summer migratory depending on the frequency of sightings, birds were classified as: common, uncommon, rare and fairly common. The present study aims to estimate the avifaunal diversity in Hullathi section 0f Ranebennur wildlife sanctuary. The study revealed the occurrence of 104 species of birds in Hullathi section respectively. Among them Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), were listed in the near threatened category (IUCN, 2012). The result also showed that the agriculture land, wetland area and surrounding vegetation are favorable environmental conditions suitable for the migratory, resident as well as the threatened species of birds. These are protected under the provisions of schedule IV of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The spotting of these threatened bird species highlights the importance of study area as an important feeding, staging and wintering ground for birds.
Diversity of birds paper from mangroves, j exp sciPrabhakar Pawar
Mangroves are one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems in the world, providing shelter and feeding sites for many animal species. With continuing degradation and destruction of mangroves, there is a critical need to understand the biodiversity of the mangrove ecosystems. Birds are bio-indicators of habitat quality and are sensitive to any subtle changes takes place in the habitat. Monitoring of species diversity is a useful technique for assessing damage to the system and maintenance of good species diversity is a positive management objective. A total of 56 species of birds representing 11 orders, 29 families and 46 genera were recorded from the mangroves of Uran coast. Of the recorded species, 33.93 % belonged to Order Passeriformes, 26.79 % to Ciconiiformes, 8.93 % to Charadriiformes, 7.14 % to Anseriformes, 5.36 % each to Coraciiformes and Falconiformes, 3.57 % each to Columbiformes and Gruiformes and 1.79 % each to Cuculiformes, Pelecaniformes and Psittaciformes. Avifauna of the order Passeriformes is dominant in Uran mangroves and is represented
by 11 families, followed by order Ciconiiformes with 5 families. The species diversity comprises 33 residents, 20 winter
visitors and 3 occasional visitors. At present, ecological conditions in mangroves of Uran supports moderate density of birds but due to intense industrialization and urbanization, pollution of Uran coast cannot be ignored. Therefore, data presented in this paper can be taken as a base line data.
ASSESSMENT OF AVIAN SPECIES DIVERSITY: THE CASE OF HALU WEREDA, ILUBABOR ZONE...LataJimma
Mr. Leta Jima: This journal was publiished on the behave of the author, if you want to use part of my journal, email us or contact me and then you can use with proper citations.
The biological survey of the Tovacov lakes area found 554 plant species, 107 spider species, 27 dragonfly species, 111 butterfly species, 282 beetle species, 17 orthopteran species, and 7 amphibian species. Rare species were found particularly in humid and dry open habitats and coastal lake zones. Technically recultivated sites became species-homogeneous quickly while spontaneously succeeding sites remained species-rich during development. To maintain biological diversity, appropriate management was suggested for the most valuable areas.
Butterfly on the Island Bacan North Mollucas Province; How DensityIJERD Editor
Bacan Island is an island in the administrative region of South Halmahera, North Mollucas Province. One of the biological richness of the region, it is Diorama butterfly. Potential diversity of butterfly in Bacan Island and surrounding areas, requiring require ecologically and molecular studies as a database in the preservation and conservation of the species and its habitat. The purpose of this study is to assess the density and distribution of species of butterfly in Bacan island. This research method is done in several stages, including: a survey to know the various species of butterflies in Bacan island based on morphological characters, sampling (identification and manufacture insectarium), as well as measuring the density and distribution of species of butterflies were observed. The results showed that there are 34 species of butterflies and 424 individuals / ha were collected in 4 Family in Bacan island. Density of butterfly species in the study area, respectively from highest to lowest is Catopsillia pomona species (IVI = 14.97%) of the Family Pieridae, Hypolimnas misippus species (IVI = 12.87%) of the Family Nymphalidae, species Appias albina (IVI = 12.40%) of the Family Pieridae, and Eurema candida (IVI = 11.45) of the Family Pieridae.
Status of Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) and Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in th...AI Publications
The study titled “Status of Bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) and Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the North and South Eastern parts of the Kimbi-Fungom National Park (K-FNP) of the North West Region of Cameroon” was carried out in the rainy season from 1st May to 31st July 2015. The general objective was to contribute to the conservation of bushbuck and Buffalo in the K-FNP through the establishment of status of mammals which will serve as a guide for management decisions. The methodology employed was the “recce-walk”. Twenty seven (27) lines transects of 2 km long each were walked making a total effort of 53km. One hundred and fifty six (156) questionnaires were administered to the local population, twenty one (21) semi-structured interviews to households and seven (7) focus group discussions with local chiefs and notables were used to get local people’s perceptions about wildlife conservation in the NP. Results revealed a total of 13 species of mammals within the NP belonging to 6 families. The Bovidae family had the highest number of species represented by the buffalo (Syncerus caffer), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), the blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola) and the red duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis). The buffalo and the bushbuck recorded encounter rates of 0.85 and 0.34sign/km respectively. The Buffalo had a higher density in the North East of the South East compartment of the park while the bushbuck had a higher density in the south west of the north east compartment. There was a strong relationship (R2=0.792) between the encounter rate of mammals and anthropogenic activities. Ninety two (92.31%) of respondents recognized the importance of the NP because they depended on it for collection of NTFP’s (34.60%), hunting of Bushmeat (12.80%), fuel wood gathering (7.70%), religious activities (6.40%), agricultural land (5.10%), harvesting of medicinal plants(5.10%), source of clean water (5.10%), traditional rituals (3.80%) and traditional medicine harvesting (2.6%). Ninety seven percent (97.2%) supported wildlife conservation because of its touristic, aesthetic and for sustainability. Thirty four percent (34.60%) of the respondents were aware of community implication in managing the NP. K-FNP is poor in species abundance, species richness and flagship species. Associated benefits from ecotourism are far-fetched coupled with encroachment by grazers. We therefore recommend that the government, councils, NGOs and the local communities should step up conservation efforts.
The document summarizes baseline ecological surveys conducted in 2014 at the University of Portland's River Campus riparian zone, a former Superfund site undergoing restoration. Surveys inventoried 22 woody plant species (90% in poor health), recorded 139 herbaceous plant species from 42 families including 29% natives, and observed 31 avian species and 3988 invertebrates from 16 orders. Methods were developed to monitor vegetation, birds, and insects to establish baseline data and assess ecological recovery over time. While mainly exotic species were present, several native plants and species were colonizing. Future surveys will compare data to these baselines to evaluate restoration success and riparian habitat recovery.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION-converted (1).pdfakriti335173
This document discusses biodiversity at multiple levels ranging from genes to ecosystems. It notes that biodiversity is highest in the tropics due to greater evolutionary time and more stable environments. Species diversity decreases with increasing latitude away from the equator. While over 1.5 million species have been described, the actual number on Earth is estimated to be much higher. The main threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and coextinctions. Efforts are underway to conserve biodiversity through protected areas and genetic repositories.
Base Line Data of Diversity of Family-Carabidae in pench Tiger Reserve (East)...dbpublications
Present study was conducted during the year 2012 - 2014 dealing with the exploration of beetle diversity from Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR), M. S. This is the first base line data created for PTR. Beetles were collected by routine methods, later identified up to species with standard key characters. Carabids are environmental indicators and their status affects ecological function. Twelve species of family –Carabidae are reported under nine genera belonging to seven sub- families. These sub-families are Licininae, Paussinae, Harpalinae, Scaritinae , Siagoninae, Anthiinae
and Panagaeinae and the species are Brachinus, Pheropsophus, Chlaenius, C. tricolor, C. velutinus, C. bioculatus, C. scapularis, Scarites, Eudema tomentosus, Siagona, Anthia sexguttata, and Pterostichus.
This document discusses various strategies for conserving biodiversity, including both in situ and ex situ conservation methods. It provides details on several in situ methods like protected areas including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and world heritage sites. It also describes ex situ conservation approaches such as zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, gene banks, and cryopreservation. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving biodiversity for future generations.
X International conference on Behaviour, Physiology and Genetic of Wildlife -...Dalila Frasson
Cameras were placed near streams, trails, and areas frequented by chimpanzees in the Western Area Peninsula National Park from March to April 2015. A total of 566 wildlife photographs from 13 species were captured. Notably, a sequence of 8 pictures on April 17th at 12:07 showed a female chimpanzee carrying an infant on her back with a small duiker in her mouth, providing the first photographic evidence of meat eating by western chimpanzees in the park. This challenges previous findings that hunting is predominantly a male behavior and that primates rather than ungulates are typically preyed upon. The study demonstrates the utility of camera traps for providing new insights into animal behavior like hunting activities.
Yirmed Demeke Workneh has extensive education and experience in zoology and wildlife conservation in Ethiopia. He received a B.Sc. in Biology from Addis Ababa University in 1990, an M.Sc. in Ecological and Systematic Zoology from Addis Ababa University in 1999, and a Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Melbourne in 2010. His theses and research have focused on elephant populations in Ethiopia. He has held several leadership roles in wildlife conservation organizations and continues research on Ethiopia's biodiversity and threatened species.
Yirmed Demeke Workneh has extensive education and experience in zoology and wildlife conservation in Ethiopia. He received a B.Sc. in Biology from Addis Ababa University in 1990, an M.Sc. in Ecological and Systematic Zoology from Addis Ababa University in 1999, and a Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Melbourne in 2010. His theses and research have focused on elephant populations in Ethiopia. He has held several leadership roles in wildlife conservation organizations and continues research on Ethiopia's biodiversity and threatened species.
Seasonal diversity of diving birds in the Periyakulam Lake, Tiruchirappalli, ...cormorantmohanraj
S. Mohanraj and J. Pandiyan*
PG Research Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, AVC College Mannampandal, Mayiladuthuari - 609 305.
Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract
Wetlands are the major feeding habitats for water birds. The water birds were estimated weekly by using total count
method during 06.00 am to 06.00 pm. Totally seven species of diving birds were observed from Junuary-2011 to December2012. The overall diving bird density was recorded maximum during the monsoon period of Year I and Year II i.e.
261.33±41.345/ha and 428.72±49.388/ha respectively. The density, diversity and species richness varied significantly
between the years and among the seasons (P<0.05). The present study proves the Periyakulam lake is one of the viable
habitats for the diving bird population.
Influence of seasonality and eucalyptus plantation types on the abundance and...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the influence of seasonality and different types of Eucalyptus plantations on the abundance and diversity of litter insects in Rwanda. The study found that the order Hymenoptera was generally the most abundant across seasons. Abundance and diversity varied between plantation types and was generally higher in some Eucalyptus species compared to the native Entandrophragma excelsum. Diversity was highest in the dry season and declined in the rainy seasons, indicating heavy rain negatively impacts litter insects. The variability in insects is attributed to changing habitat conditions across seasons and plantation types.
This study surveyed mosquitoes and tested for West Nile virus (WNV) circulation in De Oostvaardersplassen nature reserve in the Netherlands, considered high-risk for WNV introduction and transmission. Thirteen mosquito species from five genera were collected, including potential WNV vectors. No WNV was detected among pools of up to five mosquitoes tested using real-time RT-PCR. While suitable conditions for WNV establishment exist, this study found no evidence of current virus circulation in the local mosquito population.
The document summarizes a study of invasive plant species found in the Alepu Sand Dunes and marshes along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Twelve alien invasive species and four native invasive species were recorded in the area. The most widespread alien species is False indigo (Amorpha fruticosa), while Common reed (Phragmites australis) is the dominant native invasive species. The main routes for the spread of invasive species are proximity to a hotel complex where some species are cultivated, a connecting canal between lakes and dunes, and an adjacent coastal road used by vehicles carrying seeds. The study aims to assess threats posed by invasive species to protected coastal habitats in the area.
Similar to 3 the avifauna of the khe nuoc trong proposed natural reserve in quang binh province, central vietnam (20)
3 the avifauna of the khe nuoc trong proposed natural reserve in quang binh p...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: The Khe Nuoc Trong proposed natural reserve in central Vietnam harbors a diverse avifauna that remains under surveyed and poorly know. The first comprehensive ornithological inventory of the Khe Nuoc Trong was conducted from 2011 to 2015, and it was compared with those of other sites in central Vietnam. The study site is covered by evergreen tropical forest on lowlands with elevation under 1,000 m. A total of 210 bird species have been recorded from observation fieldwork and camera trapping in the study area, including four restricted-range species: Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata, Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouilleia danjoui, Grey-faced Tit-babbler Macronous kelleyi and White-cheeked Laughing thrush Garrulax vassali. Hunting with snares is a major threat to galliformes and other ground-dwelling small and medium-sized animal. In terms of endemism, the study site is one of the top two sites of 11 Important Bird Areas in the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area in central Vietnam.
Review on Odonate Diversity of Sahastradhara and Distribution Elsewhere in De...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
This document provides a review of Odonate (dragonfly and damselfly) diversity in Sahastradhara and elsewhere in Dehra Dun and Uttarakhand, India. It summarizes information on 53 species from 35 genera across 11 families recorded in Sahastradhara. The richest family is Libellulidae, making up 43.4% of species. Orthetrum is the most diverse genus. Most species have a conservation status of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. The document also provides details on the study area of Sahastradhara, the systematic accounts of recorded species, and threats to the local odonate populations.
13 isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from 13 ijtas 93-2018-hu...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: The choice of host plant is of critical importance when working with endophytic fungi. The exploration of endophytic fungi is still an emerging field and all plants seem to harbour fungi with some bioactive content and activities. However, there are certain metabolites that are characteristic of certain biotopes. Thus, a rationale for selecting promising plant sources should be established. Of particular interest are the plants that are used as medicinal plants or plants that populate a unique environment. Artemisia is a widely used medicinal plant. In this research work, the endophytic mycota of Artemisia scoparia was studied. In order to isolate endophytic fungi, 155 plant segments from 20 samples of Artemisia scoparia were collected from its natural habitat in Dachigam National. This habitat is a unique environment and a protected area. Six different fungal isolates were obtained from root, leaf and stem plant parts. Among the identified isolates, the most abundant genera were Gliocladium solani followed by Penicillium melinii with a colonization frequency of 62 and 37.5% respectively. The objective of this study was to report new data regarding the endophytic fungi found in medicinal plant Artemisia scoparia. This systematic investigation revealed that traditional medicinal plants are a rich and reliable source of novel endophytic fungi.
Keywords: Endophytic fungi, Kashmir, Medicinal plant
12 ground water pollution in india a review 12 ijtas-92-2018-richa guptaBIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: Groundwater is the foremost source of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes in several countries. Due to human and industrial activities the ground water is contaminated. This is the serious problem now a day. Due to industrial, municipal and agricultural waste containing pesticides, insecticides, fertilizer residues and heavy metals with water groundwater has been polluted by leaching process. The effects of groundwater pollution are wide. In this paper the overview of ground water pollution due to industrial as well as anthropogenic activities. Water quality is affected by both point and non-point sources of pollution. These include sewage discharge, discharge from industries, run-off from agricultural fields and urban run-off. Analysis of the water quality is very important to preserve and prefect the natural eco system. The assessment of the ground water various technologies has been developed and management practices should be carried out periodically to protect the water resources.
Keywords: Ground water, Water pollution, Heavy Metals, Water Quality Index.
11 two warehouse production inventory model with different deterioration rate...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: A two warehouse production inventory model with different deterioration rates under linear demand is developed. Holding cost is considered as linear function of time. Shortages are not allowed. Numerical case is given to represent the model. Affectability investigation is likewise done for parameters.
Keywords: Two warehouse, Production, deterioration, Linear demand, Time varying holding costs.
10 a study of heavy metal pollution of ghaggar river ravi pareekBIOLOGICAL FORUM
1. The study analyzed heavy metal pollution in the Ghaggar River throughout its 466 km stretch in India. Water samples from 16 sites were tested for concentrations of metals including Fe, Hg, As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cr.
2. The results showed that Fe had the highest concentration among the metals tested, followed by Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As, which was absent from all samples. Some metal concentrations exceeded national drinking water guidelines.
3. Sources of heavy metal pollution included domestic, industrial, and municipal wastewaters discharged into the river along its course. High metal levels could pose health risks to humans and aquatic
9 different deterioration rates of two warehouse inventory model with time a...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: A two warehouse inventory model with different deterioration rates is developed. Demand is considered as function of price and time. Holding cost is considered as linear function of time. Inflation factor is also considered with permissible delay. Shortages are not allowed. Numerical case is given to represent the model. Affectability investigation is likewise done for parameters.
8 fixed point theorem in complete fuzzy metric space 8 megha shrivastavaBIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: In this paper our works establish a new fixed point theorem for a different type of mapping in complete fuzzy metric space. Here we define a mapping by using some proved results and obtain a result on the actuality of fixed points. We inspired by the concept of Hossein Piri and Poom Kumam [15]. They introduced the fixed point theorem for generalized F-suzuki -contraction mappings in complete b-metric space. Next Robert plebaniak [16] express his idea by result “New generalized fuzzy metric space and fixed point theorem in fuzzy metric space”. This paper also induces comparing of the outcome with existing result in the literature.
Keywords: Fuzzy set, Fuzzy metric space, Cauchy sequence Non- decreasing sequence, Fixed point, Mapping.
7 synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of schiff base of 7 ...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: Compounds having 2-quinolone moiety are associated with interesting biological activities. In the present study, we synthesized Schiff bases of 7-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-quinolone and their antibacterial activity was evaluated by wells diffusion method. Schiff bases of 7-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-quinolone (1 to 5 named as Q2aa-Q2ae) were prepared by refluxing 7-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-quinolone with substituted aromatic aldehydes. The final test compounds were purified and characterized by IR, 1HNMR and Mass Spectral studies. M.P. of these compounds was confirmed by open capillary method instrument chemline cl 725. They were evaluated for antibacterial activity. Compounds were active against Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus faecalis. While ciprofloxacin was used as standards.
This document discusses the importance of data in geographical information systems (GIS). It states that data is the core component of GIS, as GIS relies on data to perform analysis and display results. The document outlines the different types of data used in GIS, including spatial data that represents geographic locations and attributes, and non-spatial attribute data. It also describes how data is structured, captured, integrated, and edited within a GIS to ensure accuracy and allow for analysis across different data layers. The key role of data in enabling the functionality of GIS tools and applications is emphasized throughout the document.
5 phytochemical analysis of bitter melon juice; antiproliferative and apopto...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: Osteosarcoma is one of the most common cancers among adolescents and young adults. Prognosis of osteosarcoma is particularly poor, suggesting critical needs for additional drugs to improve disease outcome. In this study, osteosarcoma cell SaOS-2 was used as an in vitro model to assess the effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) juice (BMJ) as an anticancer agent. Fruit juice of Momordica charantia was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis to identify various phytoconstituents present in them such as carbohydrates, starch, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tanins and saponins. Cell viability (MTT) results revealed that 1 to 10% (v/v) of BMJ treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced the proliferation of SaOS-2 cells in a dose dependent manner. Antiproliferative activity of BMJ was also coupled with morphological changes in the cells with the significant induction of apoptosis as quantified by DAPI stain. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also significantly induced by BMJ treatment. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis revealed that BMJ induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase with the enhancement of apoptosis. The findings of this study suggest that BMJ modulates ROS generation and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase of SaOS-2 cells which lead to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis of osteosarcoma. These findings suggest that BMJ could be a potential agent for osteosarcoma treatment and anticancer drug discovery.
4 16s rna partial sequencing of isolated strains of metal resistant bacteria ...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: Elaeocarpus is a diverse genus within the family Elaeocarpaceae. There is wide distribution of Elaeocarpus in the world among the tropical and subtropical climatic zones. In India, rudraksha (Elaeocarpus sphaericus) has important medicinal and religious values and its history dates back to ancient times. However, the evolutionary relationship of rudraksha with other species of Elaeocarpus is not much explored specially at the molecular and phylogenetic level. The present study establishes evolutionary relationship between rudraksha and other species of Elaeocarpus through phylogenetic algorithms like neighbor joining and maximum likelihood. Thirty species of Elaeocarpus found in the Indo-Australian region were grouped into clusters based on the rDNA and ITS sequence based phylogenetic analysis. This studies paves a way for further studies on evolutionary history of rudraksha with respect to other species of Elaeocarpus and their geographical distribution.
2 studies on radon exhalation rate from construction materials of mandya dist...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: Human beings are continuously exposed to ionizing radiation from naturally occurring radioactive elements present in the earth crust and in the atmosphere. On the surface of the earth, the concentration of radionuclides varies from place to place depending on local geology and geography. Radon is a radioactive inert gas, which contribute a major portion of the radiation dose received by the world population. The 222Rn exhalation rate was studied in the samples of construction materials used in Mandya district, Karnataka state, India. The 222Rn exhalation rate in the samples of construction materials used in large amounts varied from 5.75 to 15.62 mBq kg-1 h-1. Higher 222Rn exhalation rates were observed in M-sand and crusher dust. The 222Rn exhalation rate in the samples of construction materials used in small amounts varied from below detection level to 32.73 mBq kg-1 h-1. Maximum rate of 222Rn exhalation was observed in the samples of red granite.
1 a chemometric approach for the distribution and source identification of he...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: Heavy metals in the environment may reach to toxic levels to humans and animals due to tannery effluents, but there is insufficient information about heavy metals pollution and distribution by tanneries. The distribution and sources of heavy metals in soils of Challawa industrial estate area were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis after determining metals concentrations by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results of the Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis suggested that variation in heavy metals concentrations are largely related to tannery operations. The Linear Discriminant Analysis revealed that soils around the tanneries and dumpsites are having high contents of Cr, Pb, and Zn. The metal concentrations showed significant difference (P < 0.05) between tannery and control soil samples. This confirmed the contamination of soils with toxic heavy metals at specific sites of the tanneries, and indicated the need to monitor and remediate to safeguard the environment.
antioxidant profiling of fungal endophytes isolated from a critically endang...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
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3 the avifauna of the khe nuoc trong proposed natural reserve in quang binh province, central vietnam
1. ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1130
ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3239
The Avifauna of the Khe Nuoc Trong Proposed Natural Reserve in
Quang Binh Province, Central Vietnam
Ngo Xuan Tuong*,**
, Le Trong Trai***
and Ha Van Nghia***
*
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR),
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
**
Graduate University of Science and Technology,
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
***
Viet Nature Conservation Centre, Apt. 202, building 18T2, Le Van Luong street, Hanoi, Vietnam
(Corresponding author: Ngo Xuan Tuong)
(Received 10 January, 2018, Accepted 14 February, 2018)
(Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net)
ABSTRACT: The Khe Nuoc Trong proposed natural reserve in central Vietnam harbors a diverse avifauna
that remains under surveyed and poorly know. The first comprehensive ornithological inventory of the Khe
Nuoc Trong was conducted from 2011 to 2015, and it was compared with those of other sites in central
Vietnam. The study site is covered by evergreen tropical forest on lowlands with elevation under 1,000 m. A
total of 210 bird species have been recorded from observation fieldwork and camera trapping in the study
area, including four restricted-range species: Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata, Short-tailed Scimitar
Babbler Jabouilleia danjoui, Grey-faced Tit-babbler Macronous kelleyi and White-cheeked Laughing thrush
Garrulax vassali. Hunting with snares is a major threat to galliformes and other ground-dwelling small and
medium-sized animal. In terms of endemism, the study site is one of the top two sites of 11 Important Bird
Areas in the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area in central Vietnam.
Keywords: Avifauna, Khe Nuoc Trong, Natural Reserve, Quang Binh, Vietnam
INTRODUCTION
The Khe Nuoc Trong proposed natural reserve is located
at the coordinates 16°
55’18’’N to 17°
3’34’’N and
106°
32’31’’E to 106°
48’27’’E. It encompasses an area
of lowland and mid-montane evergreen forest in
central Vietnam, closed to the international border
with Laos (Map 1.), and covers over 20,000 hectares
of natural forest. The proposed natural reserve is
bisected by the Ho Chi Minh highway.
Khe Nuoc Trong forms the southern part of the Truong
Son Important Bird Area (IBA), which was identified by
BirdLife International Vietnam Programme (2002). This
IBA and the forests of Khe Nuoc Trong support a typical
flora and fauna of the Annamese Lowlands Endemic
Bird Area (EBA). The site is qualified as an IBA under
criteria A1, due to the presence of globally threatened
species (at the time of assessment, a number of
species found in the nature reserve, such as
Edwards’s Pheasant and Crested Argus, were
considered globally threatened and near-threatened
species, respectively); A2, due to the presence of
restricted-range species; and A3, due to the presence of
biome restricted species. It is also a Key Biodiversity
Area (KBA), part of a globally important network of
sites for conservation, due to the presence of species
newly-described to science since 1992 such as Saola
Pseudoryx nghetinhensis, Large-antlered Muntjac
Muntiacus vuquangensis (1994), Annamite Muntjac
Muntiacus truongsonensis (1997) and Annamite
Striped Rabbit Nesolagus timminsi (2000), and
historical records of Edwards’s Pheasant Lophura
edwardsi.
There are 11 protected areas in the Annamese Lowlands
Endemic Bird Area (EBA) in Vietnam, which protect
blocks of forest along the eastern edge of the Annamite
Range and the coastal lowlands. Approximately 50
kilometers to the south of Khe Nuoc Trong are Dakrong
and Phong Dien Natural Reserves, covering 40,526 and
41,548 hectares respectively. Nearly 70 kilometers to the
north, Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park protects
123,000 hectares of lowland broad-leaf evergreen and
limestone karst forest (Map 1).
Biological Forum – An International Journal 10(1): 23-32(2018)
2. Tuong, Trai and Nghia 24
Map 1. Map showing study area-Khe Nuoc Trong and protected areas within Annamese Lowlands EBA, in Central
Vietnam.
In this paper, we present the rich bird fauna of the Khe
Nuoc Trong based on extensive ornithological surveys
conducted from 2011-2015 throughout the area. We
produce an annotated checklist of birds for the study area,
including information on some threatened, near
threatened and restricted-range species proposed by
BirthLife International (2014).
METHODS
Bird surveys were conducted between 2011 and 2014
using observation and camera trapping methods.
Fieldworks were carried out in two periods, 21 days of
survey effort in February of 2012 (with two surveyors)
and 38 days of survey effort from March to October of
2014 (with two surveyors). All survey efforts
concentrated in the late spring of March and April.
Camera traps were set up during the period of 2011 to
2014. Camera trap surveys were designed for small and
medium ground-dwelling animals with cameras
attached to trees at heights from 30 cm to 60 cm above
the ground and a distance of about 250 m between
stations.
When the weather is good, we conducted observational
surveys along trails, right after dawn until late morning
(11h00), and again, from late afternoon (16h00) until
dusk each day. We walked along the trails slowly and
deliberately, with frequent stops to observe mixed
feeding flocks or birds feeding on fruit trees. Bird
species were identified by sight (observation), using
8×42 binoculars, or sound, and were voice-recorded
and photographed when possible. The bird encounter
rate was enhanced by frequent imitation of the sound of
the partly diurnal Collared Owlet Glaucidium brodiei
using a bamboo whistle. This disturbs make them to
closely approach the source of the sound, thereby
facilitating their identification. All survey points were
georeferenced using a handheld GPS unit. During the
survey, at each of the survey locality, data on the bird
community were collected, using a modification from
the method outlined in MacKinnon and Phillips (2000).
This involves making a list of the first 10 species
recorded, and then repeating the process until 10 such
lists have been made. A species should be recorded on
any list only one time.
3. Tuong, Trai and Nghia 25
The start-time and end-time for each list was noted.
Basic characteristics of habitat vegetation type were
noted. The same transect was never walked twice for
avoiding to record the same individual birds. Plotting
the accumulated total number of species recorded
against the number of lists made gives a species
discovery curve, whose steepness reflects species
richness and indicates how many more species are
likely to still be found at the locality. Species that occur
on a high proportion of lists are the most abundant or
conspicuous species of the local avifauna (MacKinnon
and Phillips 2000).
To understand the important of avifauna of Khe Nuoc
Trong proposed natural reserve, we collected and
analyzed bird data from 10 protected areas in the same
ecological region - the Annamese Lowlands Endemic
Bird Area. These bird data had published in series of
technical reports by Bird Life International Vietnam
Program from 1999 to 2005.
RESULTS
A. Bird diversity
The avifauna of Khe Nuoc Trong has typical characters
of the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area. To date,
210 bird species have been recorded in Khe Nuoc Trong
proposed nature reserve (Appendix 1). Of these, two
species are considered global threatened level: a
provisional record of Edwards’s Pheasant Lophura
edwardsi (CR) and Fairy Pitta Pitta nympha (VU) and
seven species are considered Near Threatened at a global
level (BirdLife 2015) (Table 1). Seven species are
considered threatened at a national level (Anon 2007).
Five of the seven restricted-range species, which define
the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area, have been
recorded from Khe Nuoc Trong. Amongst the species
of conservation concern, there are only provisional
records of Edwards’s Pheasant based on interviews
with local villagers and hunters. From 2011 until the
present there has been a lot of concerted effort to record
Edwards’s Pheasant through ornithological surveys,
camera trap surveys and interviews in the community
together with a poster campaign but to date there has
been no strong evidence of the presence of this species
in the area.
Species of conservation concern. Included here are
records of all species whose conservation status is
judged to be Globally Threatened or Near-threatened by
BirdLife International (2016).
Table 1: Threatened, Near Threatened and restricted-range bird species recorded in Khe Nuoc Trong Area.
English name Scientific name Bird Life 2015 VNRDB 2007
[Edwards’s Pheasant] Lophura edwardsi CR, RRS EN
Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi LC VU
Grey Peacock Pheasant Polyplectron bicalcaratum VU
Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata NT, RRS VU
Blyth’s Kingfisher Alcedo hercules NT
Austen’s Brown Hornbill Anorrhinus austeni NT VU
Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis NT VU
Red-collared Woodpecker Picus rabieri NT
Fairy Pitta Pitta nympha VU VU
Indochinese Wren Babbler Rimator danjoui NT RRS
Grey-faced Tit-babbler Macronous kelleyi RRS
White-cheeked Laughing thrush Garrulax vassali RRS
Note: Conservation status: CR = Critically Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, NT = Near-Threatened, RRS = Restricted Range Species. [] =
Unconfirmed records (information of species come from interviews). RDBVN: Red Data Book of Vietnam (2007).
Edwards’s Pheasant Lophura edwardsi (CR). The
occurrence of this species in Khe Nuoc Trong is
unconfirmed. All information relating to the occurrence
of this species in the forest of Khe Nuoc Trong comes
from interviews with local residents in Rum-Ho and An
Bai villages. Those villages are located nearby and most
villagers are fairly knowledgeable of wildlife in the area.
For pheasant species in Lophura genus, many of them
made confusing in between different species.
In 2011, the World Pheasant Association (WPA), Quang
Tri Center of Education and Consultancy on
Agriculture and Rural Development (CECARD) and
BirdLife International Vietnam Programme conducted
extensive surveys using camera trapping in Khe Nuoc
Trong and a part of Dakrong Nature Reserve (Quang Tri
Province). They did not confirm the presence of the
species in either site (CEPF). Recently, this species has
been up-listed to Critically Endangered by BirdLife
International in 2012.
4. Tuong, Trai and Nghia 26
To date, 7,777 camera trap nights within four forest
compartment of lowland broadleaf forest covering
about 4,000 ha did not record this species. It is likely
that this species has been hunted out and is now might
be locally extinct. In addition, interviews and poster
campaigns were conducted in April 2014 at seven
villages (including 2 above) within Truong Son
Important Bird Area and no villagers were able to
confirm the local existence of Edwards’s Pheasant in
the wild.
Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi (LC). A single
male was observed at 16°
59.402’N; 106°
44.335’E,
elevation of 90 m in forest compartment 528, on 15
February 2012. 216 photos of this species were also
captured by camera traps on the eastern side of Khe
Nuoc Trong proposed nature reserve. A major threat to
this species is snaring by local people and outsiders
who live far from the area. Local people reported that
professional hunters come from Ron, Quang Trach
District, Quang Binh Province to hunt animals for both
food and commercial purposes.
Silver Pheasant Lophura nycthemera. There were no
sightings of this species during the survey in 2012 but
photos of the species were taken by camera traps in 2013
and 2014 on the western side of Khe Nuoc Trong. Nine
birds from 28 photos were taken by camera traps during
3,074 camera trap nights on the western side of Khe
Nuoc Trong at elevations of 400 to 700 m a.s.l. It is
likely that this species is not common within Khe Nuoc
Trong and hunting with snares is its main threat.
Grey Peacock Pheasant Polyplectron bicalcaratum
(VU). This species was not record during surveys in Khe
Nuoc Trong but informants in Rum-Ho village indicated
that this species still occurs in the forest of Khe Nuoc
Trong and Khe Giua State Forest Enterprise. This species
is not listed in on the IUCN Red List but is evaluated as
Vulnerable in the Red Data Book of Vietnam, 2007 due
to extensive hunting with snares.
Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata (NT). This species
was not record on the eastern side of Khe Nuoc Trong
where the forest habitat is more disturbed by illegal
logging. Several calls were heard on the western side
of Khe Nuoc Trong on May 2013. Over 1,991 camera
trap nights, seven birds from 60 photos were taken on
the western side of the area during the period of July
to September 2014. This species is also threat by
hunting with snares.
Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis (NT). At least two
birds were seen in Khe Nuoc Trong, near Cau Khi forest
guard station on 28 February 2012. In Khe Nuoc Trong,
the forest still supports good habitat for hornbills, also
including Austen’s Brown Hornbill Buceros bicornis and
Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris.
It is likely that hornbills are less threatened than
ground-dwelling wildlife because local hunters no
longer use guns.
Austen’s Brown Hornbill Anorrhinus austeni (NT) .
This species is relative common in the forest of Khe
Nuoc Trong. During the surveys in February and March
2012, this species was often seen in flocks of seven to
fifteen birds. Photographs were also taken of this species
during 2012. An abundance of hornbill species indicates
that forest quality in Khe Nuoc Trong is still good for
their feeding and nesting. It also demonstrates the
effectiveness of controlling guns by local authorities and
the border army in the area surrounding Khe Nuoc
Trong.
Blyth’s Kingfisher Alcedo hercules (NT). Fairly
common on rivers and large streams surrounded by
mature forest within Khe Nuoc Trong area.
Red-collared Woodpecker Picus rabieri (NT). Two
birds were observed on the eastern side of Khe Nuoc
Trong at an elevation of 120 m on 7 March 2012.
Indochinese Wren Babbler Rimator danjoui (NT,
RRS). A pair were seen at 16°
58.607’N; E106°
35.324’E,
elevation 587 m, on 22 February 2012. Calls of this
species were also heard on many occasions on both
western and eastern sides of Khe Nuoc Trong during
surveys in 2012 to 2014. Several photos of this species
were taken by camera traps on the eastern side of the area.
Grey-faced Tit Babbler Macronous kelleyi (RRS).
This species was seen fairly often in the lowland
evergreen forest in Khe Nuoc Trong.
White-cheeked Laughingthrush Garrulax vassali
(RRS). This species is relative common in the lowland
forest and edge of forest on the eastern side of Khe Nuoc
Trong. During the survey in February and March 2012,
this species was often seen feeding in big flocks of 15 to
30 birds.
Fairy Pitta Pitta nympha (VU). This species was only
recorded by camera traps from March to May from 2011
to 2014. A total 48 photos was captured by camera traps.
All records were at low elevation in evergreen forest on
the eastern side of Khe Nuoc Trong. This species is a
passage migrant in E Tonkin, N, C Annam, Cochinchina
(Robson, 2008).
DISCUSSION
The bird species lists of the Khe Nuoc Trong proposed
nature reserve is not fully completed. Difficult taxa
such as the Phylloscopus warblers are probably under
represented, partly because the survey period was
outside the migrant season for warblers of the genus
Phylloscopus.
5. Tuong, Trai and Nghia 27
However, most species of conservation concern
expected to be found in the Khe Nuoc Trong area were
recorded. The exception is the Critically Endangered
Edwards’s Pheasant, which was not recorded. This
species is still a provisional record on the basis of
interviews with local hunters. Results of camera
trapping confirm several species of galliformes for the
area such as Green-legged Partridge, Siamese Fireback,
Silver Pheasant and Crested Argus. In Vietnam, Crested
Argus is highly threatened by hunting and has become
locally extirpated from many protected areas.
Hunting with snares is a major threat to ground-
dwelling birds, whereas hunting with guns no longer
occurs, giving arise to healthy hornbill populations. It
appears that the habitat of Khe Nuoc Trong remains
good.
The avifauna of Khe Nuoc Trong area is typical of the
Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area. To date, 208
bird species have been recorded in the area (Appendix
1). Four of the six restricted-range species which define
the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area, have been
recorded from Khe Nuoc Trong area. Compare to the
number of Restricted-range species recorded in each
of the other 11 protected areas in the Annamese
Lowlands Endemic Bird Area in Vietnam, Khe Nuoc
Trong area and Phong Dien Nature Reserve are ranked
highest. The second ranking includes Ke Go, Dakrong,
Khe Net and Phong Nha-Ke Bang protected areas with
four each. The third ranking is Vu Quang and Bach Ma
National Parks with three each and Pu Mat and Cuc
Phuong National Parks have two and one respectively.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This paper was as a part of project results funded by
BirdLife International (BirdLife Gala Dinner
Committee; Forest of Hope Programme;
Arcadia/BirdLife Conservation Partnership Fund and
Conservation Leadership Programme), MacArthur
Foundation and World Land Trust (Keepers of the Wild
Programme). This is also funded by Vietnam Academy
of Science and Technology (VAST) under project
number VAST 04.03/14-15. The authors would like to
thank all donors to this paper.
Appendix: Bird species recorded in Khe Nuoc Trong Proposed Nature Reserve, Quang Binh Province,
Vietnam.
Species Global status VN RDB
Bar-backed Partridge Arborophila brunneopectus
Green-legged Partridge Arborophila chloropus
Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata NT VU
Grey Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron bicalcaratum VU
Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
Silver Pheasant Lophura nycthemera
Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi CR EN
Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi VU
Oriental Turtle-dove Streptopelia orientalis
Red Turtle-dove Streptopelia tranquebarica
Eastern Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis
Barred Cuckoo-dove Macropygia unchall
Grey-capped Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica
Orange-breasted Green-pigeon Treron bicinctus
Thick-billed Green-pigeon Treron curvirostra
Pin-tailed Green-pigeon Treron apicauda
Mountain Imperial-pigeon Ducula badia
Silver-backed Needletail Hirundapus cochinchinensis
Asian Palm-swift Cypsiurus balasiensis
Pacific Swift Apus pacificus
Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis
Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis
Green-billed Malkoha Phaenicophaeus tristis
Western Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus
Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus
Square-tailed Drongo-cuckoo Surniculus lugubris
Large Hawk-cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides
Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus
9. Tuong, Trai and Nghia 31
Species Global status VN RDB
Grey-faced Tit-babbler Macronous kelleyi
Blue-winged Leafbird Chloropsis cochinchinensis
Orange-bellied Leafbird Chloropsis hardwickii
Plain Flowerpecker Dicaeum concolor
Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker Dicaeum cruentatum
Purple-naped Sunbird Hypogramma hypogrammicum
Olive-backed Sunbird Nectarinia jugularis
Gould's Sunbird Aethopyga gouldiae
Fork-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga christinae
Black-throated Sunbird Aethopyga saturata
Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja
Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra
Streaked Spiderhunter Arachnothera magna
Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus
White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata
White Wagtail Motacilla alba
Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea
Richard's Pipit Anthus richardi
Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni
Note: Bird names (common and scientific), sequence and species limits follow BirdLife International: The BirdLife checklist of the
birds of the world: Version 7.
Conservation status in IUCN/Global status and VNRDB (Vietnam Red Data Book)
CR = Critical Endangered; EN= Endangered; VU = Vulnerable; NT= Near-threatened.
Name of species in bold are Restricted-range species as per BirdLife International (2008)
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