Captive Breeding: Genetic and Demographic ManagementDrPrincelinaBora
It is a presentation about the genetic and population management of captive stock of wild animals which can be eventually reintroduced into the wild. It covers basically the aspects of setting genetic and demographic goal before starting a captive stock and also measures to reduce adaptation to captive environment which is detrimental in the wild. At the end some success stories have been added basically for captive programs conducted in India. All the references from where the data have been taken are given with the file.
The Designation & Management of Threatened Species: is there any point?Mario Balzan
The management of threatened species is an important practical way in which conservationists can intervene with extinction process and reduce the loss of biodiversity by ensuring some (high) probability of long-term species survival (Young, 1994; Norris, 2004). Though maintaining the whole ecosystem is often the target of conservationists, if a population is severely threatened this may not be sufficient. A more direct population management may be required (Hunter, 1996). To conserve such rare species there is a critical need to assess the impacts of threats on the long term survival of an individual population. This requires detailed information about the biology of the species concerned, the habitat it prefers, and the factors that might affect both of these (Root, 1998). Natural resource agencies worldwide develop species recovery plans that specify threats, propose targets required for recovery, and evaluate the extent to which habitat alteration and restoration may influence species decline and recovery (Good et al. 2003)
Captive Breeding: Genetic and Demographic ManagementDrPrincelinaBora
It is a presentation about the genetic and population management of captive stock of wild animals which can be eventually reintroduced into the wild. It covers basically the aspects of setting genetic and demographic goal before starting a captive stock and also measures to reduce adaptation to captive environment which is detrimental in the wild. At the end some success stories have been added basically for captive programs conducted in India. All the references from where the data have been taken are given with the file.
The Designation & Management of Threatened Species: is there any point?Mario Balzan
The management of threatened species is an important practical way in which conservationists can intervene with extinction process and reduce the loss of biodiversity by ensuring some (high) probability of long-term species survival (Young, 1994; Norris, 2004). Though maintaining the whole ecosystem is often the target of conservationists, if a population is severely threatened this may not be sufficient. A more direct population management may be required (Hunter, 1996). To conserve such rare species there is a critical need to assess the impacts of threats on the long term survival of an individual population. This requires detailed information about the biology of the species concerned, the habitat it prefers, and the factors that might affect both of these (Root, 1998). Natural resource agencies worldwide develop species recovery plans that specify threats, propose targets required for recovery, and evaluate the extent to which habitat alteration and restoration may influence species decline and recovery (Good et al. 2003)
IUCN: Assessment and Inventory based on the recommendation of IUCNVarsha Rani Jha
This PPT is for Students of Post Graduation Second semester. This Video contains Information about Assessment and Inventory based on the recommendation of IUCN. How IUCN made , What are the Agreement that IUCN Signed for Conservation of Biodiversity. The Conferenses organized in IUCN, About members of IUCN.
This presentation by Emma Burgess investigates the broadly accepted paradigm that increased pyrodiversity will beget increased biodiversity. Recent research however, has questioned the relevance of a heterogeneous fire regime to a range of taxa. Controlled burning for biodiversity conservation thus remains a controversial topic. Landscape-scale bird functional diversity in this study appears to be maintained by the extent of long unburnt habitat.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2015 Bushfire Conference - Fire and Restoration: working with fire for healthy lands.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Biodiversity of fresh and brackish waters fish species in Africa is both highly diverse and of great regional importance to livelihoods and economies. Many areas in Africa are still not well surveyed such that available information on fish species is insufficient for environmental and development planning. Lack of basic information on species distribution and threatened status has long been a key obstacle facing freshwater ecosystem managers in Africa. Therefore, IRD has put in place FAUNAFRI an online GIS to collate, store, manage, and make widely available information about the distributions of fresh and brackish waters fish species in Africa. The application is accessible at the address http://www.ird.fr/poissons-afrique/faunafri/
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...inventy
The study assessed the management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem using the case of IGGRs. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying the strategies used for natural resources management; examining the impacts of those strategies; examining the hindrances of the identified strategies; and lastly, examining the methods for scaling up the performance of strategies used for natural resources in the study area. The study involved two villages among 31 villages bordering IGGRs where in each village; at least 5% of the households were sampled. Both Primary data and secondary data were collected and analyzed both manually and computer by using SPSS software. The study revealed that, study population ranked IGGRs performance on protection of natural resources, especially on conserving wildlife for future generation and in reducing poaching to be good(53.3%). In addition, the relationship with IGGRs was said to be considerable good (46.7%). In the aspect of reducing poaching, the findings show that poaching has been reduced by 96.2% from 2009 to 2012. Furthermore, 81.4% of respondents said they use different strategies to control loss of natural resources which in turn has considerably improved the relationship between protected areas and the surrounding communities in some of the aspects. Despite of above successes, the study findings has revealed a number of challenges that hinders the full attainment of conservation objectives. Among the challenges are loss of life and properties (86.4%), shortage of water for livestock (68.9%) since water sources such as Grumeti and Rubana rivers are within protected area while the adjacent local communities do not have a free access to those water sources. Other challenges especially on the IGGRs management include insufficient fund base, working facilities and inadequate staffs. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that the strategies used for natural resources management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem is fairly sustainable and need functional participatory approaches of local people and other stakeholders in order to bring about a collaborative natural resources management network in the ecosystem. Furthermore, based on the findings above, equity in benefit sharing accrued from natural resource management in protected areas, more financial support to IGGRs and local community, the use of non-lethal deterrents for crop protection, integration of croplivestock production systems, adoption of land use plans as a solution to land conflicts, strengthens of community based conservation (CBC), adoption of modern information technology such as geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing are recommended.
3 the avifauna of the khe nuoc trong proposed natural reserve in quang binh p...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: The Khe Nuoc Trong proposed natural reserve in central Vietnam harbors a diverse avifauna that remains under surveyed and poorly know. The first comprehensive ornithological inventory of the Khe Nuoc Trong was conducted from 2011 to 2015, and it was compared with those of other sites in central Vietnam. The study site is covered by evergreen tropical forest on lowlands with elevation under 1,000 m. A total of 210 bird species have been recorded from observation fieldwork and camera trapping in the study area, including four restricted-range species: Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata, Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouilleia danjoui, Grey-faced Tit-babbler Macronous kelleyi and White-cheeked Laughing thrush Garrulax vassali. Hunting with snares is a major threat to galliformes and other ground-dwelling small and medium-sized animal. In terms of endemism, the study site is one of the top two sites of 11 Important Bird Areas in the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area in central Vietnam.
IUCN: Assessment and Inventory based on the recommendation of IUCNVarsha Rani Jha
This PPT is for Students of Post Graduation Second semester. This Video contains Information about Assessment and Inventory based on the recommendation of IUCN. How IUCN made , What are the Agreement that IUCN Signed for Conservation of Biodiversity. The Conferenses organized in IUCN, About members of IUCN.
This presentation by Emma Burgess investigates the broadly accepted paradigm that increased pyrodiversity will beget increased biodiversity. Recent research however, has questioned the relevance of a heterogeneous fire regime to a range of taxa. Controlled burning for biodiversity conservation thus remains a controversial topic. Landscape-scale bird functional diversity in this study appears to be maintained by the extent of long unburnt habitat.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2015 Bushfire Conference - Fire and Restoration: working with fire for healthy lands.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Biodiversity of fresh and brackish waters fish species in Africa is both highly diverse and of great regional importance to livelihoods and economies. Many areas in Africa are still not well surveyed such that available information on fish species is insufficient for environmental and development planning. Lack of basic information on species distribution and threatened status has long been a key obstacle facing freshwater ecosystem managers in Africa. Therefore, IRD has put in place FAUNAFRI an online GIS to collate, store, manage, and make widely available information about the distributions of fresh and brackish waters fish species in Africa. The application is accessible at the address http://www.ird.fr/poissons-afrique/faunafri/
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...inventy
The study assessed the management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem using the case of IGGRs. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying the strategies used for natural resources management; examining the impacts of those strategies; examining the hindrances of the identified strategies; and lastly, examining the methods for scaling up the performance of strategies used for natural resources in the study area. The study involved two villages among 31 villages bordering IGGRs where in each village; at least 5% of the households were sampled. Both Primary data and secondary data were collected and analyzed both manually and computer by using SPSS software. The study revealed that, study population ranked IGGRs performance on protection of natural resources, especially on conserving wildlife for future generation and in reducing poaching to be good(53.3%). In addition, the relationship with IGGRs was said to be considerable good (46.7%). In the aspect of reducing poaching, the findings show that poaching has been reduced by 96.2% from 2009 to 2012. Furthermore, 81.4% of respondents said they use different strategies to control loss of natural resources which in turn has considerably improved the relationship between protected areas and the surrounding communities in some of the aspects. Despite of above successes, the study findings has revealed a number of challenges that hinders the full attainment of conservation objectives. Among the challenges are loss of life and properties (86.4%), shortage of water for livestock (68.9%) since water sources such as Grumeti and Rubana rivers are within protected area while the adjacent local communities do not have a free access to those water sources. Other challenges especially on the IGGRs management include insufficient fund base, working facilities and inadequate staffs. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that the strategies used for natural resources management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem is fairly sustainable and need functional participatory approaches of local people and other stakeholders in order to bring about a collaborative natural resources management network in the ecosystem. Furthermore, based on the findings above, equity in benefit sharing accrued from natural resource management in protected areas, more financial support to IGGRs and local community, the use of non-lethal deterrents for crop protection, integration of croplivestock production systems, adoption of land use plans as a solution to land conflicts, strengthens of community based conservation (CBC), adoption of modern information technology such as geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing are recommended.
3 the avifauna of the khe nuoc trong proposed natural reserve in quang binh p...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: The Khe Nuoc Trong proposed natural reserve in central Vietnam harbors a diverse avifauna that remains under surveyed and poorly know. The first comprehensive ornithological inventory of the Khe Nuoc Trong was conducted from 2011 to 2015, and it was compared with those of other sites in central Vietnam. The study site is covered by evergreen tropical forest on lowlands with elevation under 1,000 m. A total of 210 bird species have been recorded from observation fieldwork and camera trapping in the study area, including four restricted-range species: Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata, Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouilleia danjoui, Grey-faced Tit-babbler Macronous kelleyi and White-cheeked Laughing thrush Garrulax vassali. Hunting with snares is a major threat to galliformes and other ground-dwelling small and medium-sized animal. In terms of endemism, the study site is one of the top two sites of 11 Important Bird Areas in the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area in central Vietnam.
3 the avifauna of the khe nuoc trong proposed natural reserve in quang binh p...BIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: The Khe Nuoc Trong proposed natural reserve in central Vietnam harbors a diverse avifauna that remains under surveyed and poorly know. The first comprehensive ornithological inventory of the Khe Nuoc Trong was conducted from 2011 to 2015, and it was compared with those of other sites in central Vietnam. The study site is covered by evergreen tropical forest on lowlands with elevation under 1,000 m. A total of 210 bird species have been recorded from observation fieldwork and camera trapping in the study area, including four restricted-range species: Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata, Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Jabouilleia danjoui, Grey-faced Tit-babbler Macronous kelleyi and White-cheeked Laughing thrush Garrulax vassali. Hunting with snares is a major threat to galliformes and other ground-dwelling small and medium-sized animal. In terms of endemism, the study site is one of the top two sites of 11 Important Bird Areas in the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area in central Vietnam.
Tovacov lakes, and the whole area affected by mining, represents a very important refuge for many rare species of plants and animals that can’t find suitable living conditions in the surrounding intensively farmed landscape. Due to the high level of underground water and the presence of gravel bed, Tovacov lakes can be very important wetlands but also interesting xerotherm habitat in the future. Our aim is not only to identify this biodiversity, but also to support it in the future by targeted interventions.
In the first phase of the project large field survey of different habitats were carried out. These surveys will be focused on characteristic areas that differ in moisture, age and the way they were created. Apart from vascular plants and vegetation, we will be focused on major groups of organisms for which such habitats are essential and at the same time there isn’t enough historical data. These are mainly beetles, butterflies and spiders, but other groups of animals will not be left out.
In the second phase a comparison of diversity of locally rare species with their representation in the various habitats was completed. In this way the mapping of biologically valuable sites and habitats that create appropriate conditions for the occurrence of target species is done.
In the third part, created design principles of management for such areas that will support the best possible future existence of discovered organisms and will create suitable biotopes for other types of communities of plants and animals.
The project won the International contest of the Quarry Life Award 2014 in the category “Biodiversity Enhancement”
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/research-biodiversity-tovacov-lakes
Diversity and Richness of Ciconiiformes Species in Badagry Wetland Southweste...BRNSS Publication Hub
We examined the richness and diversity Ciconiiformes species in Badagry wetland southwestern Nigeria. Point count method was used to collect data on the richness and diversity of Ciconiiformes in the study area. Counting bands of the 50 m radius were used for all the stations. The minimum distance between two counting stations was 200 m, and 25 stations were used for this study. On arrival at the sites, birds were allowed time to settle before recording all the birds seen or heard for a predetermined time 20 min. From the result obtained, it indicates that the study area is rich Ciconiiformes species. A total of 16 Ciconiiformes species belonging to four families were recorded in the study area. The family Ardeidae has the highest number of bird species (11), this is followed by Ciconiidae family (3), Threskiornithidae and Scopidae families have one bird species each. The Shannon H index revealed that dry season (2.153) was lower than a wet season (2.357); this was based on the data collected during the period of the research study. From the result obtained of the relative abundance of bird species in the study area, it was revealed that the following four bird species Ardea cinerea, Ardea melanocephala, Scopus umbretta, and Bostrychia hagedash have the highest relative (4.44) individual bird species per square kilometer within the study area.
Records of extreme altitudes where several coccinellid species from South America inhabit the Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru are provided. After an intensive review of several entomological
collections and literature, records for 35 species with at least one location over 3500-m elevation were obtained, including the genera Cycloneda (ten species), Eriopis (15 species and one subspecies), Harmonia (one species), Hippodamia (two species), Mimoscymnus (two species), Psyllobora (one species), and Stenadalia (four species). In total, 184 location records
are listed, of which 119 were from between 3000 and 4000 m, 57 between 4000 and 4900 m and eight above 4900 m, with the highest altitude record at 5250 m for Eriopis minima Hofmann. All records above 4000 m were obtained in the Puna biogeographic province within the
Paramo Puneña biogeographic subregion. These records are the highest altitudes observed for the American continent and by far surpass others known for coccinellids worldwide. Several species of coccinellids living in
sympatry at these high altitudes were verified, and in some cases, in situ development was inferred by the presence of immature stages. These findings are important to foresee the future effects of global warming that
will affect especially the biological communities of extreme altitudes.
A case-study in High Nature Value farming: Impact of abandonment on High Natu...HNV-Link
An insight into a specific High Nature Value farming system in Sardinia, Italy. Abandonment of the hilly-montane sheep pastures and wooded pastures, their management, conservation and restoration.
HNV-Link has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Lecture about Monitoring and Biodiversity Indices, with linkage to on-going CBD programs, and a special focus on species monitoring.Many examples, needs some formatting, hope still useful!
Biodiversity knows no political boundaries and its conservation is therefore a collective responsibility of all nations. The historic Convention on Biological Diversity (‘The Earth Summit’) held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits. In a follow-up, the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, 190 countries pledged their commitment to achieve by 2010, a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local levels
Hello. I am Kripa Thapa Magar, Public Health Professional. This slide was prepared when I was in BPH 4th semester, National Open College as an assignment of environmental health subject by compiling information from different sources.
Ecotourism is a part of environmental conservation, and understanding what the needs of the people are who are local to the area so that you can help to improve their quality of life. It also involves learning more about the history of other cities and preserving the historical landmarks.
Here in my research I need to identify the scope and development of ecotourism. And the management of ecotourism in both government and non-government organizations.
Research Objectives are thought to be as follows:-
1. To determine the volume of tourism in ecological areas and other areas in Bangladesh.
2. Find out the opportunities for developing ecotourism.
3. Identify the pros and cons of ecotourism on the local communities of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is a gift of nature. This country is an attractive ecotourism destination in south Asia (Bhuiyanet al.2010). Its natural resources, ecological advantages and situated in an important geographical nerve point are great pleasure for developing ecotourism here. Bangladesh has a host of tourist treasurers to offer to tourists- beaches, lakes, rivers, hills, forests, wildlife, tribal life, archaeological remains, including historical monuments, folklore, religious and cultural heritage, handicrafts and much more. All these combinations are enormous ecotourism products. The country, having tourism potential, must be conscious in developing market. The country has its potential to differentiate its product for its uniqueness. Therefore, ecotourism industry of Bangladesh must arrange its different elements such a way that give its better satisfaction to the visitors of the world.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
4. Introduction
The Mediterranean basin, and the Iberian Peninsula in particular, represent an outstanding
“hotspot” of biological diversity with a long history of integration between natural
ecosystems and human activities.
The current biodiversity crisis clearly calls for the identification of biodiversity hotspots,
usually defined as the most threatened areas among those of exceptionally high
biodiversity and/or rates of endemism originally identified 18 hotpots, located in the
tropics and in the Mediterranean bioclimatic regions.
The Mediterranean basin represents only 1.6% of the Earth’s surface, but it hosts 10% of
the world’s higher plants and almost 800 species of terrestrial vertebrates excluding
fishes.
There has been a number of papers dealing with the distribution of several single taxa in
the Iberian Peninsula, including vascular plants, lichens, invertebrates, and some groups
of terrestrial vertebrates.
The Mediterranean basin is an outstanding “hotspot” of biological diversity but human
presence is by far the most important factor that have affected the entire basin.
As a result, only 4.7% of its primary vegetation remains, and the traditional agricultural
lands, the evergreen woodlands and the marquis that dominate the region today are the
result of anthropogenic disturbance dating back to the beginning of the Holocene.
5. Main Objectives
Downscale of traditional range maps for terrestrial
vertebrates (amphibians, breeding birds, mammals and
reptiles) to the finest possible resolution with the data at
hand.
Identification of hotspots based on three criteria such as
species richness, vulnerability and endemism.
Provide a first evaluation of the conservation status of
biodiversity hotspots based on these three criteria
considering both existing and proposed protected areas.
6. Methodology
The methodology is concerned with four
things. They are given below:-
1) Study area.
2) Environmental data and protected areas.
3) Species distribution.
4) Vertebrate biodiversity hotspots.
8. Descriptions:-
1) Study Area: The study area encompassed the entire Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain), also
including the Balearic Islands (total surface = 588,246 km²). In particular the researchers
considered all islands larger than 0.1 km² and all archipelagos located close to the mainland.
2) Environmental Data and Protected Areas:-
According to the characterization of landscape of the study area using three environmental
layers: land cover, elevation, and distance to water. The land cover layer was provided by the
CORINE 2000 Land Cover program
The obtained geographical data on the existing protected areas (PAs) and on the Natura 2000
network in Spain from the biodiversity database of the Spanish Ministry of Environment .
The extracted PAs for Portugal from the World Database on Protected Areas and a map was
obtained of the Portuguese Natura 2000 network from the Portuguese Institute for Nature
Conservation.
Mediterranean Europe hosts nearly 82% of the 419 European breeding birds (with 10% of the
species being endemic, more than 69% of the 217 European terrestrial mammals (overall 5.6% of
them are endemic), more than 88% of the 94 European amphibian species (33% of them are
endemic) and almost 74% of the 118 European species of terrestrial reptiles (28% are endemic).
All vector layers were transformed to raster with a pixel size of 100 m.
The Digital Elevation Model existed in raster format and was re-sampled to obtain a pixel size of
100 m using the resample algorithm.
9. 3) Species Distribution: The collected data
on the distribution of 398 vertebrate
species in the form of extent of occurrence
84 mammals where 12 species distribution
was uncertain, 242 regularly breeding
birds where 16 species distribution was
uncertain, 28 amphibians and 44 reptiles.
All 398 species are native to the Iberian
Peninsula or have been introduced in
historical times and are now naturalized.
10. Figure: Cumulative distribution functions of species richness for a) all species, b) mammals, c) breeding birds, d)
reptiles, e) amphibians, f) all-IUCN, g) threatened-IUCN, h) endemic species.
Vertical line in each graph indicates the species richness threshold value for the identification of the hotpots.
More details on the methodology are provided in Methods section.
11. Short Description
The curves indicate the Cumulative distribution functions of
species richness. In figure a) all species, b) mammals, c)
breeding birds, d) reptiles, e) amphibians, f) all-IUCN, g)
threatened-IUCN, h) endemic species. Vertical line in each
graph indicates the species richness threshold value for the
identification of the hotspots.
12. 4) Vertebrate Biodiversity Hotspots:-
Generating eight maps of species richness based on different
criteria: total richness, vulnerability, and endemism. In
particular, we obtained five maps of total richness, one for
each taxonomic group (considering all species belonging to
the selected taxon) and one considering all species at the
same time. To quantify vulnerability we used the IUCN red
list categories defined by the Red Books for Iberian
vertebrates.
Aggregating the maps of species richness by a factor of 20
using a median aggregation algorithm, obtaining a pixel size
of 4*4 km.
13. Result
The result is based on the four items as follows:-
1) Species distribution and vertebrate biodiversity hotspots.
2) Vulnerability hotspots.
3) Endemic species hotspots.
4) Species richness in protected areas and Natura 2000.
14. Descriptions:-
1) Species Distribution and Vertebrate Biodiversity Hotspots:-
For 330 species the process of EOO refinement was satisfactory, with
a minimum of 73.6% for mammals and a maximum of 97.3% for
birds.
A limited amount of surrogacy among the different species groups
with a Moran’s Ii of 0.49 measured for the concordance among
threatened-IUCN richness and all-IUCN richness, and 0.46 among
total richness and mammal richness, and among total richness and
bird richness.
According to the map of local Moran’s Ii, it is evident that although
many areas are consistently indicated as high-richness, the particular
pattern is taxon-specific with, for example, mammals concentrated in
the northern part of the study area and reptiles and endemic species
concentrated in the southern part.
15. Table: Values of Moran’s Ii calculated over all possible
comparisons among maps of species richness.
All Species Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians All IUCN Threatened
IUCN
Endemic
All Species 1.0
Mammals 0.46 1.0
Birds 0.46 0.39 1.0
Reptiles 0.37 0.2 0.34 1.0
Amphibians 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.25 1.0
All IUCN 0.41 0.35 0.41 0.31 0.16 1.0
Threatened
IUCN
0.35 0.26 0.36 0.28 0.11 0.49 1.0
Endemic 0.26 0.20 0.23 0.38 0.19 0.28 0.28 1.0
16. Figure-01: Areas of significant coincidence among high values of total species richness and high
values of (a) mammals, (b) breeding birds, (c) reptiles, (d) amphibians, (e) all-IUCN species (critically
endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, data deficient), (f) threatened-IUCN species
(critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable species), (g) endemic species.
17. Figure-02: Species richness maps. (a) all species; (b) mammals; (c) breeding birds; (d) reptiles; (e)
amphibians; (f) all-IUCN species (critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near
threatened, data deficient); (g) threatened-IUCN species (critically endangered, endangered and
vulnerable species); (h) endemic species.
18. Figure-03: Hotspots in the Iberian Peninsula. (a) all species; (b) mammals; (c) breeding birds; (d)
reptiles; (e) amphibians; (f) all-IUCN species (critically endangered, endangered,
vulnerable, near threatened, data deficient); (g) threatened-IUCN species (critically endangered,
endangered and vulnerable species); (h) endemic species.
19. 2) Vulnerability Hotspots: Hotspots for all-IUCN species cover the 5.4% of the study
area whereas hotspots for threatened-IUCN species cover only 3.2% with western and
southwestern Iberian Peninsula, the Ebro River valley, the Mediterranean wetlands and
the boundaries among the Mediterranean, Alpine and Atlantic regions (in northern
Spain) representing the stronghold of maximum diversity for both. Considering
threatened IUCN-species also the Balearic Islands (particularly Mallorca, Menorca and
Cabrera archipelago) and some valleys of the Pyrenees (like the Aran Valley) are
important, while a particular case is represented by the Donana National Park
(southwestern Spain), the main hotspot, where five out of twelve critically endangered
species are present.
3) Endemic Species Hotspot: Most of the endemic species (mainly reptiles and
amphibians) are present in the Mediterranean biogeographical region, especially along
the medium elevations of mountain ranges such as the Central System, going from
Madrid to inner Portugal. The Donana National Park is also a hotspot for endemic
species along with southwestern Iberian Peninsula, inner and northern Portugal, the
medium courses of the main Atlantic rivers, and Northwestern Spain (Galicia).
4) Species Richness in Protected Areas and Natura 2000: Existing protected areas
occupy more than 51,500 km², corresponding to 8.8% of the Iberian Peninsula. The
Natura 2000 network, if approved as proposed now, will occupy more than 144,000 km²
and added to the existing protected areas, it will raise the total area protected to more
than 150,000 km², 25.6% of the Iberian Peninsula. Considering all species, 22.3% of the
hotspots of total richness are covered by areas designated under Natura 2000 with a
maximum coverage of 42.9% for the hotspots of reptiles’ species richness and a
minimum of 21.6% for mammals. Particularly high is the coverage offered by the
Natura 2000 network to endemic species, whose hotspots are covered for 45.1%.
20. Discussion
Results provide a fine-scale analysis of congruency among species richness and
protected areas for terrestrial vertebrates available at the level of the entire Iberian
Peninsula. Previous works were mainly focused at a national scale and on
different taxa.
Such resolution might be of limited help for practical conservation planning to be
implemented in the Iberian Peninsula because of the highly fragmentation and
strong diversity of landscapes that characterize the Mediterranean region.
It is widely recognized that reserve selection outcomes vary in relation to the
quality and reliability of the input dataset and both recognized this problem,
urging for better biodiversity data to be compiled with higher resolution.
Furthermore, a number of works have clearly indicated the negative influence that
commission errors can have in conservation planning. The most updated
information is collected which is available on species ecology and distribution for
almost all vertebrate species that are present in the Iberian Peninsula.
As a general pattern, the richest areas as well as those including most vulnerable
and endemic species, are located in the western and southwestern portions of the
Iberian Peninsula (Castilian Plateau, Extremadura and northern Andalusia) all in
the Mediterranean biogeographical region.
21. Conclusion
It can be said that the Mediterranean basin is one of the largest hotspots. We
should conserve them as early as possible.
We suggest that a step should take forward in conservation planning in the
Mediterranean basin, explicitly considering the history of the region as well
as its present environmental context. This would allow moving from
traditional reserve networks to considerations about the processes that
generated present biodiversity.
The development of a coherent conservation policy need to be applied in the
entire Mediterranean Europe and the Iberian Peninsula that could lead the
way in this framework. Biodiversity hotspots in Spain and Portugal are
clearly not associated with isolated, non-human-dominated areas.
To preserve biodiversity in Mediterranean landscapes it is therefore
necessary to incorporate the human dimension in conservation policies (in
economical, social and cultural terms), as well as explicitly considering the
“processes” that contributed to the generation of the high biodiversity values
that we observe today, rather than a static view focused merely on the
observed biodiversity “patterns”.
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23. Acknowledgement
I would like to give special thanks to Professor, Dr. A.K.M
Rashidul Alam Sir for giving me such an opportunity for
performing a presentation regarding the Hotspots of
species richness, threat and endemism for terrestrial
vertebrates in South West Europe. The selected paper is
enough informative and compiled with the current laws of
Spain and Italy. Through the paper we can get the proper
information for conserving the biodiversity and to remove
it’s threats. I hope his beautiful remarks will help me to
perform more better presentations in future.