- The document discusses genes and their role in learning, brain development, and the evolution of human intelligence from early humans. It provides examples of specific genes like ASPM that have been linked to brain size and memory-related genes in other species. - Environmental factors like nutrition and enrichment can influence brain development and cognition both directly and by influencing gene expression. Studies in mice and rats show how environment interacts with nature in shaping learning and memory. - Research on the opossum thalamus found it develops simultaneously with the cortex, providing insights into critical periods of brain development and the potential for repair. This kind of developmental research aids stem cell studies seeking ways to influence differentiation.

2. Darwin exploring

3. Evolution of traits

4. Natural selection (Natura)

13. Genes know when to strengthen a synapse. Genes manufacture synapse-strengthening proteins. The cell’s nucleus “listens” to the cell’s action potential to determine when to strengthen a synapse and make a memory last.

16. Turn on active Genes genes

18. Master genes rule cascade of genes genes1

23. Neuron on right from animal in stimulating environment=more branches

24. AT BIRTH 3 MONTHS 2 YEARS Can either enhance or retard the normal development of the brain by the type of environment

25. Thymidine study The development of the brain as shown by splitting and migration of DNA

31. Tritiated thymidine was injected into the monodelphis domestica at embryonic ages -3 through day +16.

34. results The thalamus Develops at the Same time as The cortex. Cortex Same as the brainstem In that way. Easier to Repair?

36. Stem cells (1)