Three body systems are most affected by diving:
1. Decompression sickness causes stiff joints and is treated with recompression in a hyperbaric chamber to slowly dissolve nitrogen bubbles.
2. Nitrogen narcosis symptoms include altered emotions and thoughts due to increased nitrogen pressure between 100-130 feet deep, similar to intoxication.
3. Oxygen toxicity occurs when oxygen in the body exceeds safe levels, potentially causing seizures, regulator loss, and drowning if oxygen levels are too high during diving.
Deep sea diving and physiological response to high barometric pressure Ranadhi Das
Sea water is approximately 800 times more dense than air. Therefore, it exerts much greater pressure on the body of a diver.
The weight exerted by the atmosphere on an area of 1m2, is approximately 10,000kg at sea level. This value of pressure (10,000 kg m-2) is thus referred to as 1 atmospheric absolute (1 ATA), or 1 atmospheric pressure.
For every 10m(~32feet) below the surface a person dives, he is subjected to an additional pressure of 1ATA. Therefore, at 30m, a diver will experience a pressure of 4 ATA (1 ATA exerted by the atmosphere, & 3 ATA exerted by the 30m of water above him).
Altitude physiology typically focuses on people above 2500 m; ∼8000 ft. Altitudes above that are sometimes subdivided into very high (3500–5500 m; ∼11,500–18,000 ft) and extreme (>5500 m; >18,000 ft). An estimated 40 million people travel each year to altitudes >2500 m (∼8000 ft),1 and as many or more travel to altitude for leisure and sports, and work in mines, military or border operations, and the like. Altitude medicine considers the clinical disorders associated with acclimatization by the travelers, workers and migrants, and with adaptation by people with lifetimes or populations with millennia of residence (an estimated 83 million people).
With a hurried ascent, many (∼80%) will report a transient headache (high-altitude headache or [HAH]), and some will develop one of three forms of acute high-altitude illness: acute mountain sickness (AMS) and HAH, high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). AMS and HAH are annoying and interfere with activity and work, however, HACE and HAPE can be fatal with mortality rates approaching 30%. Among some residents, chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and right ventricular hypertrophy develop over months to years of residence at altitude. Birth weights are generally lower and the rate of small-for-gestational-age babies and congenital heart defects are higher than that in lowland populations.
Then there are factors such as the temperature, allergens, pollution and altitude that cannot be controlled and can have serious effects on human performance. Environmental factors such as temperature during competition can hinder performance if not taken seriously. The average body temperature is 37°C
This are the Top 40 Ideas on How to Find Inspiration (Again) as shared by the #CreativeMondays Community on Twitter. I hope you find them useful. Feel free to share with others and highlight your favourites.
Deep sea diving and physiological response to high barometric pressure Ranadhi Das
Sea water is approximately 800 times more dense than air. Therefore, it exerts much greater pressure on the body of a diver.
The weight exerted by the atmosphere on an area of 1m2, is approximately 10,000kg at sea level. This value of pressure (10,000 kg m-2) is thus referred to as 1 atmospheric absolute (1 ATA), or 1 atmospheric pressure.
For every 10m(~32feet) below the surface a person dives, he is subjected to an additional pressure of 1ATA. Therefore, at 30m, a diver will experience a pressure of 4 ATA (1 ATA exerted by the atmosphere, & 3 ATA exerted by the 30m of water above him).
Altitude physiology typically focuses on people above 2500 m; ∼8000 ft. Altitudes above that are sometimes subdivided into very high (3500–5500 m; ∼11,500–18,000 ft) and extreme (>5500 m; >18,000 ft). An estimated 40 million people travel each year to altitudes >2500 m (∼8000 ft),1 and as many or more travel to altitude for leisure and sports, and work in mines, military or border operations, and the like. Altitude medicine considers the clinical disorders associated with acclimatization by the travelers, workers and migrants, and with adaptation by people with lifetimes or populations with millennia of residence (an estimated 83 million people).
With a hurried ascent, many (∼80%) will report a transient headache (high-altitude headache or [HAH]), and some will develop one of three forms of acute high-altitude illness: acute mountain sickness (AMS) and HAH, high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). AMS and HAH are annoying and interfere with activity and work, however, HACE and HAPE can be fatal with mortality rates approaching 30%. Among some residents, chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and right ventricular hypertrophy develop over months to years of residence at altitude. Birth weights are generally lower and the rate of small-for-gestational-age babies and congenital heart defects are higher than that in lowland populations.
Then there are factors such as the temperature, allergens, pollution and altitude that cannot be controlled and can have serious effects on human performance. Environmental factors such as temperature during competition can hinder performance if not taken seriously. The average body temperature is 37°C
This are the Top 40 Ideas on How to Find Inspiration (Again) as shared by the #CreativeMondays Community on Twitter. I hope you find them useful. Feel free to share with others and highlight your favourites.
Quotes from iconic mavericks and revolutionariesTim ITude
37 Definitive Quotes from 11 Iconic Mavericks and Revolutionaries | Nelson Mandela | Martin Luther King Jr. | Mother Theresa | Princess Diana | Nicola Tesla | Albert Einstein | Pope John Paul II | Bob Marley | Thomas Sankara | Dag Hammarskjold | Che Guavara |
La Social Intranet di Elica Group [Case Study]Ariadne
Elica Group, la multinazionale italiana leader nel mercato della cappe da cucina ha rinnovato con Ariadne il proprio portale intranet secondo logiche sociali e collaborative.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
![1. Decompression Sickness AKA the ‘bends’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)