2. Automatic External Defibrillator
Often just called a defibrillator or an AED.
These are referred to in the manual:
– Find out if there is one local to you and who is
permitted to operate it. Most require specialist
training.
– This course will focus on manual CPR techniques.
3. Basic Life Support
Involves
» Rescue Breaths
» Chest Massage
To ensure
» Air continues to enter the lungs
» Blood circulates around the body in an
emergency
4. Basic Life Support
Cardiac arrest
• Causes in children are very different to
adults
• Children rarely have problems with their
hearts, but a healthy heart will stop if
insufficient oxygen reaches other vital
organs
5. Basic Life Support
Remember
• Children are anatomically different to adults
• Hence need for different life support techniques
• Children have narrower air passages
• Windpipe is more flexible – if neck bent too far
back, airway may become blocked
• A child’s tongue is bigger than an adults relative
to their mouth
6. ABC of Resuscitation
A is for Airway Open airway as for
adult:
Head tilt and chin lift takes the
tongue off
the back of the throat – ensure
head is not over tilted
For a baby - open
airway by lifting chin,
use minimum head
lift
Do not turn or tilt back the head
if you suspect an injury to the
Pages 19-21, 66-67 neck
7. ABC of Resuscitation
B is for Breathing
Look, Listen and Feel for any signs of
breathing for 10 seconds before deciding
breathing is absent.
Pages 19-21, 66-67
8. ABC of Resuscitation
B is for Breathing
• Main difference in approach with children
compared to adults is the need to give
artificial ventilation for one minute before
calling an ambulance (if no-one else has
done it).
Pages 19-21, 66-67
9. ABC of Resuscitation
C is for Circulation
Check for breathing, coughing or any movement.
If the heart has stopped chest compressions can be combined
with artificial ventilation
Pages 19-21, 66-67
10. Resuscitation of a Baby or Child
• If child has lost consciousness and is not
breathing you will need to give rescue
breaths
Note
• Resuscitation of a baby differs slightly
from that of an older child
Pages 19-21, 66-67
11. Resuscitation of a Child
1. Open airway 2. Look, Listen, Feel for breathing
3. Pinch soft part of nose, place
mouth over child’s mouth – try to
give 5 effective rescue breaths
Pages 19-21, 66-67
12. Resuscitation of a Child cont’d
• After giving 5 effective breaths, next part of ABC is
check for Circulation (pulse)
• If absent start chest compressions – give 2 breaths for
every 30 compressions
• If there is circulation continue rescue breaths at a rate of
1 every 3 seconds (20 per minute).
If there is no circulation
move to giving full CPR
Pages 19-21, 66-67
13. Rescue Breaths for a Baby
– UNDER 1 YEAR –
Procedure similar for older child
• Open airway – use MINIMUM chin lift
• May be easier to seal your mouth over
baby’s mouth & nose
• Empty your cheeks of air – rather than
blowing hard into the mouth
Pages 19-21, 66-67
14. Continue Resuscitation until…
• The baby/child show signs of life
(breathing and circulation)
• Someone else takes over
• Qualified professionals are at the scene
• You are completely exhausted
Pages 19-21, 66-67
15. What to do if chest does not rise
• Check for obvious obstruction around
neck or on the chest
• Re-open the airway, tilt the head and look
for any obvious obstructions
• Re-seal the mouth and breathe in again
• Try up to 5 attempts to give 5 effective
rescue breaths
Pages 19-21, 66-67
16. CPR
Finding and using the CPR compression site in a child (1-8 years)
1. Find Xiphisternum – small protrusions at base
of breastbone, where ribs join
2. Place heel of your hand over lower half of
child’s breastbone (ensure you do not press
on or below xiphisternum
3. Press vertically with heel of hand to depth 1/3
to ½ the depth of child’s chest.
Repeat 5 times in 3 seconds (100 per minute)
After 30 compressions, give 2 effective rescue
breaths.
Continue with ratio 30 compressions followed
Pages 19-21, 66-67 by 2 effective rescue breaths.
17. CPR
Finding and using the CPR compression site in a baby (under 1 year)
1. Hold index finger between baby’s nipples with
centre of finger at the sternum or breastbone
2. Correct compression site is located 1 finger width
line between the nipples. Position 2 fingertips
over this site.
3.
Compress breastbone to approx depth of one-third
to half of infant’s chest.
Release. Give 30 compressions and continue as
for older child.
Pages 19-21, 66-67
18. Recovery Position
For casualties who are unconscious but breathing
Prevents tongue from blocking the throat
Allow liquids to drain from the mouth
Head, neck and back are in a straight line
Pages 14-17 Bent limbs keep body stable
19. Recovery Position - Child
1. Open airway
2. Straighten both legs. Place
arm nearest you at right
angles to child’s body, with
elbow bent and palm facing
upwards.
3. Bring arm furthest away from
you across child’s chest and
hold back of hand against the
cheek nearest you.
Pages 14-17
20. Recovery Position - Child
4. Keeping child’s hand against
cheek, pull on far leg and roll
child towards you and onto her
side. Adjust upper leg so that
both hip and knee are bent at
right angles.
5. Tilt head back so that airway
remains open.
Pages 14-17
21. Recovery Position - Baby
Cradle the baby on their side
with head their head tilted
down.
Hold the baby with one hand
under their head, the other
under their lower back
Pages 14-17
22. REMEMBER
ACTION AT AN EMERGENCY
KEY POINTS
• Always follow the DR’S ABC principles.
• Assess the situation promptly but with thought – do not
rush in.
• Do not move the casualty before the paramedics arrive
unless it is absolutely necessary.
• Always treat casualties with respect, seek permission for
actions where casualty is conscious.
