Final Free-Summer-Basic-First-Aid-Training.pptx

Philippine Red Cross
Always Always Always
FIRST READY THERE
Red Cross 143 Basic Training Course: MODULE 2
Basic First Aid Training
Mrs Maricel P. Yamat, RN, LPT
Tchr. Queenie B. Akkang, LPT

FIRST READY THERE
First Aid
FIRST AID
Is an immediate care given to a person who has
been injured or suddenly taken ill. It includes self-
help and home care if medical assistance is not
available or delayed .
It is an urgent care provided before
sending to a facility.

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First Aid
Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider
1. Bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician
• It is not intended to compete with, or take the place of the
services of the physician.
• It ends when the services of a physician begin.

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First Aid
Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider
2. Ensure safety of him / herself and that of bystanders.
3. Gain access to the victim.
4. Determine any threats to patient’s life.
5. Summon advanced medical care as needed.
7. Assist advanced personnel.
8. Record all findings and care given to the patient.
6. Provide needed care for the patient.

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First Aid
Principles of First Aid
1. Palliate pain;
2. Prevent further injury;
3. Promote recovery, and
4. Preserve or prolong life.

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First Aid
Characteristics of A Good First Aider
1. Gentle - should not cause pain.
2. Resourceful - should make the best use of things at hand.
3. Alert - should notice all signs.
4. Tactful - should not alarm the victim
5. Emphatic - should be comforting.
6. Respectable - should maintain a professional & caring
attitude

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First Aid
Hindrances in Giving First Aid
1. Unfavorable surroundings.
2. Presence of crowds.
3. Pressure from victim or relatives.

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First Aid
Transmission of Diseases and the First Aider
1. Direct contact
2. Indirect contact
3. Airborne
4. Vector

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First Aid
Body Substance Isolation

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First Aid
Basic Precautions and Practices
1. Personal Hygiene 2. Protective Equipment 3. Equipment Cleaning
& Disinfecting

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First Aid
Suggested First Aid Kit Contents:
∙ Rubbing alcohol
∙ Povidone Iodine
∙ Cotton
∙ Gauze pads
∙ Tongue depressor
∙ Penlight
∙ Band aid
∙ Plaster
∙ Gloves
∙ Scissors
∙ Forceps
∙ Bandage (Triangular)
∙ Elastic roller bandage
∙ Occlusive dressing

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First Aid
DRESSING
Any sterile cloth material used
to cover the wound
Other uses of dressing:
▪ Controls bleeding.
▪ Protects the wound from infection.
▪ Absorbs liquid from the wound such
as blood plasma, water and pus.

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First Aid
BANDAGING
1. Control bleeding.
2. Tie splints in place.
3. Immobilize body part.
4. For arm support – use as a
sling.
Other uses of bandages:
Using any clean cloth materials to hold the dressing in place.

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First Aid
Heimlich Maneuver
to treat upper airway obstructions caused by foreign bodies

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First Aid
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
is an emergency procedure that can help save a person's life if
their breathing or heart stops.

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Questions?

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First Aid
EPISTAXIS (Nose Bleeding)
Is an acute hemorrhage from the nostril, nasal cavity or
nasopharynx; is one of the most common ear, nose, and throat
(ENT) emergencies that present to the emergency department or
the primary care clinic.

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First Aid
Causes of Epistaxis
1. Humid air
2. Physical Trauma
3. Manipulating inside the nose
4. Blowing of nose
5. Anatomical irregularities
6. Diseases (Hypertension, Bleeding Diseases)

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First Aid
First Aid Management
Lean forward and pinch the bridge Apply cold compress for
of the nose 10-15 minutes

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First Aid
Don’t blow or manipulate your nose after having nose bleeding. If
bleeding doesn’t stop, bring the patient to a doctor.

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First Aid
Sprain
is an injury that occurs when you roll, twist or turn your joints
in an awkward way. This can stretch or tear the tough bands
of tissue (ligaments) that help hold your bones together.

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First Aid
Causes of Sprain
• A fall that causes your ankle to twist
• Landing awkwardly on your foot after jumping or pivoting
• Walking or exercising on an uneven surface
• Another person stepping or landing on your foot during a
sports activity

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First Aid
Symptoms
 Pain, especially when you bear weight on the affected foot
 Tenderness when you touch the ankle
 Swelling
 Bruising
 Restricted range of motion
 Instability in the ankle
 Popping sensation or sound
at the time of injury

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First Aid
Management
 Avoid using the affected part
 Apply cold compress
 Wrap with bandage, snug fit
 Elevate the affected part
 Pain reliever for pain
 Seek medical consultation
DO NOT MASSAGE

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First Aid
Wound
injuries that break other body tissues or the skin.

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First Aid
Types of Wound
1. Closed Wound
often caused by blunt trauma, and
though the injured tissue is not
exposed, there can be bleeding and
damage to underlying muscle,
internal organs and bones. Major
types of closed wounds include:
Contusions – blunt trauma causing
pressure damage to the skin and/or
underlying tissues.

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First Aid
Management for Closed Wound
In closed wounds, the main goal of
treatment is to control the pain, and
keep the bleeding and inflammation
to a minimum. This is done by
using ice packs, compression,
elevation and immobilization of the
affected limb or area.

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First Aid
Types of Wound
2. Open Wound
injuries that involve a break in the
skin and leave the internal tissue
exposed. The skin has an important
role in protecting the organs,
tissues, and other structures inside
the body, so a breach of the skin
can potentially invite infection.

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First Aid
Types of Open Wound

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First Aid
Management of Open Wound
1. Control bleeding. Use a clean towel to apply light pressure to the area until bleeding stops
(this may take a few minutes).
2. Wash your hands well.
3. Rinse the wound with clean water and antimicrobial soap
4. Dry the wound with a clean cloth.
5. Replace any skin flaps if possible
6. Apply povidone iodine then cover the wound.
7. Seek help if wound is deep and still bleeding
8. Manage pain.
DO NOT PUT ALCOHOL

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First Aid
Dislocation vs Fracture
A dislocation is where a bone has been displaced from its normal
position at a joint. A fracture is when a bone has been broken.

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First Aid
Types of Fracture

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First Aid
Causes of Dislocation and Fracture
• Physical trauma (fight, accident, fall)
• Excessive, heavy activity
• Health conditions (osteoporosis)
• Old age (less calcium)

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First Aid
Symptoms of Dislocation and Fracture
Symptoms of a fracture vary depending on its location, a person’s age
and general health, and the severity of the injury.
• Pain
• Swelling
• Bruising
• discolored skin around the affected area
• protrusion of the affected area at an unusual angle
• inability to put weight on the injured area
• inability to move the affected area
• a grating sensation in the affected bone or joint
• bleeding if it is an open fracture

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First Aid
Management of Dislocation and Fracture
Symptoms of a fracture vary depending on its location, a person’s age
and general health, and the severity of the injury.
 Carefully assess the affected part
 Immobilize the affected part by putting splint
 Apply cold compress for at least 15 minutes
 Wrap the affected area with a bandage
 Elevate the affected area (above the heart)
 Give pain reliever if in severe pain
 Bring to the nearest hospital for further management
DO NOT MASSAGE OR PUT TOO MUCH PRESSURE

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First Aid
Choking
Occurs when a foreign
body partly or completely
blocks a person’s airway
making breathing difficult.
Choking is a medical
emergency

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First Aid
Management of Choking
 If someone is choking, encourage them
to cough.
 Bend them forwards and give up to 5
back blows to try and dislodge the
blockage. ...
 If they are still choking, give up to 5
abdominal thrusts: hold around the waist
and pull inwards and upwards above
their belly button.
 Call for help.

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First Aid
BURNS
A burn is an injury to the
skin or other organic tissue
primarily caused by heat or
due to radiation,
radioactivity, electricity,
friction or contact with
chemicals.

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First Aid
Burns
Superficial
(First-degree) burns
Partial-thickness
(Second-degree) burns
Full-thickness
(Third-degree) burns

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First Aid
FIRST DEGREE BURNS
A first-degree burn, also
called a superficial burn,
only affects the epidermis,
or outer layer of skin. The
burn site appears red,
painful, dry, and absent of
blisters. Scarring is rare or
minimal.

FIRST READY THERE
First Aid
SECOND DEGREE BURNS
A first-degree burn, also
called a superficial burn,
only affects the epidermis,
or outer layer of skin. The
burn site appears red,
painful, dry, and absent of
blisters. Scarring is rare or
minimal.

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First Aid
TREATMENT
Cool the burn. Hold the area
under cool (not cold) running
water for about 15-20 minutes. If
the burn is on the face, apply a
cool, wet cloth until the pain
eases. For a mouth burn from hot
food or drink, put a piece of ice in
the mouth for a few minutes.

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First Aid
TREATMENT
Remove rings or other tight
items from the burned area. Try
to do this quickly and gently,
before the area swells.

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First Aid
TREATMENT
Don't break blisters. Blisters
help protect against infection. If a
blister does break, gently clean
the area with water and apply an
antibiotic ointment.

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First Aid
TREATMENT
Bandage the burn. Cover the burn
with a clean bandage. Wrap it loosely
to avoid putting pressure on burned
skin. Bandaging keeps air off the area,
reduces pain and protects blistered
skin

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First Aid
TREATMENT
If needed, take a nonprescription
pain reliever,

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First Aid
THIRD DEGREE BURN
Destroy the epidermis and dermis,
may also damage the underlying
bones, muscles, and tendons. The
burn site appears white or charred.
There is no sensation in the area
since the nerve endings are
destroyed.

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First Aid
TREATMENT
Immersed in cool running water for
15-20 minutes. If running water is
not available, cold compress will
do.

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First Aid
TREATMENT Cover burn lightly with sterile gauze or clean
cloth. (Do not use material that can leave lint
on the burn.)
If fingers or toes are involved, make sure to
separate them to avoid diffusing (exercise to
avoid contractures).

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First Aid
TREATMENT
Don't: (In the event of a severe burn)
apply ointments, jellies, sprays, first aid
creams or butter.

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First Aid
TREATMENT
Bring to the nearest
hospital to be seen
by a doctor and
proper treatment will
be given.

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First Aid
FACT

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First Aid
When do we give CPR?
If there is no breathing and pulse present upon assessment

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First Aid
Steps in giving CPR
1. Make sure that the scene is clear.
2. Verify if the person is unconscious by tapping or shouting at him or her.
3. Scan for breathing and check for pulse.
4. Do 120 chest compressions per minute.
5. Resume chest compression
6. If person became responsive, put in recovery position.

FIRST READY THERE
First Aid
GETTING STARTED
1. Plan of Action
2. Gathering of Needed Materials
3. Initial Response:
• Ask for HELP.
• Intervene
• Do no further harm
4. Instruction to Helper/s

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First Aid
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
▪ Survey the Scene

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First Aid
▪ Survey the Scene
- Is the scene safe?
- What Happened?
- How many people are injured?
- Are there bystanders who can help?
- Identify yourself as a trained First Aider
- Get consent to give care
Elements

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First Aid
▪ Primary Survey
- CHECK for CONSCIOUSNESS
- CHECK AIRWAY
- CHECK for Signs of Life
Coughing
Breathing
Movement

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Depending on the situation:
- A bystanders should make the telephone call for help(If available).
- A bystander will be requested to call for a physician.
- Somebody will be asked to arrange for transfer facility.
- Care First or Call First. (Lone Rescuer)
First Aid
• Activate Medical Assistance (AMA) or Transfer Facility

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IF A LONE RESPONDER
▪ CALL FIRST (Activate Medical Assistance before providing care) If:
- An unconscious adult victim or child 8 years old or older.
- An unconscious infant or child known to be at a high risk for heart
problems.
▪ CARE FIRST (provide first aid for 1-2 minutes and then call fast) If:
- An unconscious victim less than 8 years old;
- Cardiac Arrest in children known to be at high risk of arrythmias
- Any victim of submersion or near drowning
- Any victim of arrest associated with trauma
- Any victim of drug overdose
First Aid

FIRST READY THERE
Information to be remembered in activating medical assistance :
▪ What happened?
▪ Location?
▪ Number of persons injured?
▪ Extent of injury and First Aid given?
▪ The telephone number from where you are calling?
▪ Person who activated medical assistance must identify
him/herself and drop the phone fast.
First Aid

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First Aid
First Aid
▪ Secondary Survey
1. Interview the victim
- Ask victim’s name
- Ask what happened
- Assess the SAMPLE History

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First Aid
Signs & symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events prior to the episode

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2. Check vital signs.
- Pulse Rate
- Respiratory Rate
- Temperature
- Blood Pressure
- Skin Appearance
- Pupil Reaction
3. Perform head-to-toe examination.
▪ Secondary Survey
First Aid

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First Aid
EMERGENCY TRANSFER
Is a rapid movement of patient from unsafe
place to a place of safety.

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First Aid
EMERGENCY TRANSFER
Danger of fire
or explosion
Danger of toxic gasses or
asphyxia due to lack of
oxygen

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Danger of electrocution Danger of collapsing walls
Risk of drowning
Serious traffic hazards
First Aid

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First Aid
TRANSFER
Is moving a patient from one place to another after
giving first aid.
1. Nature and severity of the injury.
2. Size of the victim.
3. Physical capabilities of the first aider.
4. Number of personnel and equipment available.
5. Nature of evacuation route.
6. Distance to be covered.
7. Sex of the victim (Last Consideration).
Selection of transfer method will depend on the following:

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ONE-MAN CARRIES / ASSISTS
Assist to Walk Carry in Arms
First Aid

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TWO-MAN CARRIES
Hand as a litter
Carry by Extremities
First Aid

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THREE-MAN CARRIES
Hammock Carry
First Aid

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First Aid
Wounds

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First Aid
Wounds
Two Types of Wounds
1. Closed Wound
C - Cold Application
S - Splinting

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First Aid
Wounds
Two Types of Wounds
2. Open Wound
Puncture Abrasion Laceration Avulsion

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First Aid
Wounds
Two Types of Wounds
2. Open Wound
C - Control Bleeding
C - Cover the wound with dressing and
secure with a bandage.
C - Care for shock.
C - Consult or refer to physician.

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First Aid
Burns

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First Aid
Burns
TYPES OF BURN INJURIES:
1. Thermal Burns 2. Chemical Burns 3. Electrical Burns

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First Aid
Specific Body Injuries
Blows to the Eye Chemical Burns
Foreign Object Nose Injuries

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First Aid
Specific Body Injuries
4. Impaled Objects 5. Amputations
6. Sucking Chest Wound 7. Abdominal Injuries

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First Aid
BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
Head Top
Side
OPEN PHASE

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First Aid
Chest
OPEN PHASE

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First Aid
Burned Hand
OPEN PHASE

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First Aid
FOREHEAD
CRAVAT
PHASE
ARM/LEG PALM
PRESSURE

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First Aid
Elbow Bended
CRAVAT
PHASE
Elbow Straight

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Dislocation and Broken Bones
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT
• Check the victims sign of life (if unconscious)
• Keep the victim still
• If there is bleeding, cover and control bleeding
• Immobilize the affected part
• Get medical help

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First Aid
Arm Sling
FOR IMMOBILIZATION
For Sprain

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First Aid
FAINTING (Shock)
Signs and Symptoms of Shock
⮚ Face – pale or cyanotic in color.
⮚ Skin – cold and clammy.
⮚ Breathing – irregular.
⮚ Pulse – rapid and weak.
⮚ Nausea and vomiting
⮚ Weakness
⮚ Thirsty

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First Aid
1. Proper Body Position.
2. Proper Body Heat 3. Proper Transfer
First Aid Management:

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First Aid
INGESTED POISON
• Altered mental status.
Signs and Symptoms
• History of ingesting poisons.
• Burns around the mouth.
• Odd breath odors.
• Nausea, vomiting.
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain.

FIRST READY THERE
First Aid
INGESTED POISON
First Aid for Ingested Poisoning
1. Try to identify the poison. Call the National Poison
Control Center.
2. Place the victim on his or her left side.
3. Monitor ABCs.
4. Save any empty container, spoiled food for analysis.
5. Save any vomitus and keep it with the victim if he or she is
taken to an emergency facility.

FIRST READY THERE
Heat cramps
1.Transfers the victim to a cool place
2.Have the victim rest with his/her feet elevated
3.Cool the victim (do not use an alcohol rub)
4.Give the victim an electrolyte beverages to sip.
5.Massage affected muscle gently and firmly until they relaxes.

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First Aid
Sprain
1. Remove all clothing or jewelry
around the joint.
2. Apply cold compress at once.
3. Immobilize, Rest and Elevate the
affected joint.
4. Seek Medical Help if needed.

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Basic Life Support

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Basic Life Support
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)

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Basic Life Support
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)
Chain of Survival

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Basic Life Support
Cardiovascular Disease
RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
1. Risk factors that cannot be changed (Non-modifiable) :
• Heredity
• Age
• Gender

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Basic Life Support
RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
2. Risk factors that can be changed (Modifiable) :
• Cigarette smoking
• Hypertension
• Elevated cholesterol
• Lack of exercises
• Obesity
• Stress
• Diabetes mellitus

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Basic Life Support
HEART ATTACK
( Myocardial Infarction)

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Basic Life Support
HEART ATTACK ( Myocardial Infarction)
• Chest Discomfort
Signs and Symptoms

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Basic Life Support
HEART ATTACK ( Myocardial Infarction)
• Sweating
• Nausea
• Shortness of Breathe
• Tingling Sensation
Signs and Symptoms

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Basic Life Support
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT OF HEART ATTACK
1. Recognized the signals of heart attack and take action.
2. Have patient stop what he or she is doing and sit or lie
down in a comfortable position. Do not let the patient
move around.
3. Have someone call the physician or ambulance for
help.

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Basic Life Support
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT OF HEART ATTACK
4. If patient is
under medical care,
assist, him/her in
taking his/her
prescribe
medicine/s

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Basic Life Support
FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
COMMON CAUSES:
1. Improper Chewing
2. Excessive Intake of Alcohol
3. Presence of Dentures
4. Running while eating
5. Children hand to mouth stage left
unattended

FIRST READY THERE
FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
Types of Obstruction:
1. Mild Obstruction - with good air exchange
Mgt: Encourage Coughing
2. Severe Obstruction - with poor or no air exchange
Mgt: Back Blows, Abdominal Thrusts, Chest Thrusts
Basic Life Support

FIRST READY THERE
Basic Life Support
CARDIAC ARREST
Is the condition in which circulation ceases and vital
organs are deprived of oxygen.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
This is a combination of chest compression and
ventilation.
*COMPRESSION ONLY CPR

FIRST READY THERE
Basic Life Support
Criteria for Not Starting CPR
• The patient has a valid “Do Not Attempt
Resuscitation”
(DNAR) order.
• The patient has signs of irreversible death

FIRST READY THERE
Basic Life Support
When to STOP CPR:
1. SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are restored.
2. TURNED OVER to medical services or properly trained
and authorized personnel.
3. OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot continue
CPR.
4. PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares death,
take over, etc.).

FIRST READY THERE
Basic Life Support
Survey the Scene.
Check Responsiveness
Check Airway (Head-Tilt-Chin Lift)
Check Signs of Life (Look, Listen & Feel)
for no more than 10 seconds.
Give 2 Initial breaths
Start CPR if still no signs of life
Place in Recovery Position if Victim has signs of life.
SEQUENCE IN
PERFORMING
CPR

FIRST READY THERE
THANK YOU!!

Final Free-Summer-Basic-First-Aid-Training.pptx

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Final Free-Summer-Basic-First-Aid-Training.pptx