The document summarizes the management of peat swamp forests in Malaysia using an integrated ecosystem approach. It discusses the conservation issues and threats facing peat swamp forests, as well as the local communities that depend on them. An important project developed an Integrated Management Plan for the Southeast Pahang Peat Swamp Forest through extensive multi-stakeholder consultation. Five years after implementation, a mid-term review found that most short-term actions had been implemented, though some medium-term actions were still pending. Ongoing coordination and monitoring were recommended to fully realize the plan.
Introduction to irrigation engineering 19 07 1 (1)holegajendra
This document provides information about the Water Resource Engineering course taught by Mr. Hole G.R. at J.S. Polytechnic in Pune, India. The course is divided into 6 units covering topics like introduction to irrigation and hydrology, water requirements of crops, dams and spillways, minor and micro irrigation, diversion head works, and canals. The course outcomes include estimating hydrological parameters, crop water requirements, designing dam and spillway components, executing minor irrigation schemes, and designing and maintaining canals. The first unit covers definitions of irrigation, necessity of irrigation in India, advantages and disadvantages of irrigation, classification of irrigation, and hydrological concepts. Different types of irrigation like surface, subsurface, flow, and
This document summarizes the third edition of the Water Measurement Manual published by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation. It discusses the need for reliable water measurement to better manage water resources and extend existing supplies. It provides an overview of the benefits of improved water measurement, such as equitable allocation, reduced conflicts, improved decision making, and conservation. The manual contains guidance on selecting and using various devices to measure flow and aims to support accurate water management.
This document discusses highway drainage systems. It defines highway drainage as the process of intercepting and removing water from roads. Surface drainage systems use drains, culverts, and bridges to divert water away from roads. Subsurface drainage systems use drains to lower the water table and control seepage and capillary rise beneath roads to improve subgrade soil strength. Proper drainage is important to prevent issues like road damage, erosion, and decreased load-bearing capacity.
This document provides an overview of spillways, including:
- Spillways are important structural components of dams that evacuate flood waters from reservoirs.
- The main types of spillways discussed are straight drop, overflow, chute, side channel, shaft, siphon, labyrinth, baffled chute, and cascade spillways.
- Overflow spillways are the most common type and allow flood waters to flow over an ogee-shaped crest. Design considerations for overflow spillways include crest profile, gates, discharge equations, and preventing cavitation.
This document outlines the roles that various agencies and professionals play in water resource management. It discusses the contributions of agricultural departments, geologists, meteorologists, chemists, biologists, economists, social workers, politicians, water quality authorities, the general public, NGOs, industries, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, ISRO, and civil engineers to sustainable water management. Their roles include developing irrigation techniques, assessing water quality, predicting weather patterns, studying ecosystems, performing cost-benefit analyses, educating the public, setting standards, building infrastructure, and ensuring water access and conservation.
This document provides information on various irrigation methods used in India, including tank irrigation, well irrigation, surface irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation. Tank irrigation involves storing water in artificial reservoirs during monsoon seasons for irrigation. Well irrigation uses open wells or tube wells to lift groundwater for irrigation. Surface irrigation methods include flooding, furrows, and contour farming which distribute water across the surface of fields. Sprinkler irrigation applies water as a spray or sprinkle through a system of pipes, risers and nozzles, allowing for more uniform water distribution than surface methods. The document discusses the various types and suitable conditions for each irrigation method.
This document summarizes the key components and design considerations for chute and siphon spillways. It describes that a chute spillway consists of an open channel called a chute that carries water from the spillway crest to the river below. It also discusses the entrance channel, side walls, chute channel profile, and hydraulic design factors like discharging capacity and priming depth. Siphon spillways operate using siphonic action and come in hood/saddle and volute designs, with precautions taken to maintain vacuum without cavitation. Hydraulic factors like flow regulation and wave effects on the reservoir are also addressed.
This document discusses the design of highway drainage for the Thankot-Chitlang road section in Nepal. It covers the importance of drainage, requirements for highway drainage systems, and the specific design of surface and subsurface drainage features for this road project. The surface drainage design includes determining stormwater discharge amounts, dimensions for side drains and culverts using Manning's equation. The subsurface drainage design considers lowering the water table and controlling seepage and capillary moisture.
Introduction to irrigation engineering 19 07 1 (1)holegajendra
This document provides information about the Water Resource Engineering course taught by Mr. Hole G.R. at J.S. Polytechnic in Pune, India. The course is divided into 6 units covering topics like introduction to irrigation and hydrology, water requirements of crops, dams and spillways, minor and micro irrigation, diversion head works, and canals. The course outcomes include estimating hydrological parameters, crop water requirements, designing dam and spillway components, executing minor irrigation schemes, and designing and maintaining canals. The first unit covers definitions of irrigation, necessity of irrigation in India, advantages and disadvantages of irrigation, classification of irrigation, and hydrological concepts. Different types of irrigation like surface, subsurface, flow, and
This document summarizes the third edition of the Water Measurement Manual published by the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation. It discusses the need for reliable water measurement to better manage water resources and extend existing supplies. It provides an overview of the benefits of improved water measurement, such as equitable allocation, reduced conflicts, improved decision making, and conservation. The manual contains guidance on selecting and using various devices to measure flow and aims to support accurate water management.
This document discusses highway drainage systems. It defines highway drainage as the process of intercepting and removing water from roads. Surface drainage systems use drains, culverts, and bridges to divert water away from roads. Subsurface drainage systems use drains to lower the water table and control seepage and capillary rise beneath roads to improve subgrade soil strength. Proper drainage is important to prevent issues like road damage, erosion, and decreased load-bearing capacity.
This document provides an overview of spillways, including:
- Spillways are important structural components of dams that evacuate flood waters from reservoirs.
- The main types of spillways discussed are straight drop, overflow, chute, side channel, shaft, siphon, labyrinth, baffled chute, and cascade spillways.
- Overflow spillways are the most common type and allow flood waters to flow over an ogee-shaped crest. Design considerations for overflow spillways include crest profile, gates, discharge equations, and preventing cavitation.
This document outlines the roles that various agencies and professionals play in water resource management. It discusses the contributions of agricultural departments, geologists, meteorologists, chemists, biologists, economists, social workers, politicians, water quality authorities, the general public, NGOs, industries, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, ISRO, and civil engineers to sustainable water management. Their roles include developing irrigation techniques, assessing water quality, predicting weather patterns, studying ecosystems, performing cost-benefit analyses, educating the public, setting standards, building infrastructure, and ensuring water access and conservation.
This document provides information on various irrigation methods used in India, including tank irrigation, well irrigation, surface irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation. Tank irrigation involves storing water in artificial reservoirs during monsoon seasons for irrigation. Well irrigation uses open wells or tube wells to lift groundwater for irrigation. Surface irrigation methods include flooding, furrows, and contour farming which distribute water across the surface of fields. Sprinkler irrigation applies water as a spray or sprinkle through a system of pipes, risers and nozzles, allowing for more uniform water distribution than surface methods. The document discusses the various types and suitable conditions for each irrigation method.
This document summarizes the key components and design considerations for chute and siphon spillways. It describes that a chute spillway consists of an open channel called a chute that carries water from the spillway crest to the river below. It also discusses the entrance channel, side walls, chute channel profile, and hydraulic design factors like discharging capacity and priming depth. Siphon spillways operate using siphonic action and come in hood/saddle and volute designs, with precautions taken to maintain vacuum without cavitation. Hydraulic factors like flow regulation and wave effects on the reservoir are also addressed.
This document discusses the design of highway drainage for the Thankot-Chitlang road section in Nepal. It covers the importance of drainage, requirements for highway drainage systems, and the specific design of surface and subsurface drainage features for this road project. The surface drainage design includes determining stormwater discharge amounts, dimensions for side drains and culverts using Manning's equation. The subsurface drainage design considers lowering the water table and controlling seepage and capillary moisture.
This project report summarizes the design of a road side drainage system for a road in Kenya. It includes an introduction describing the need for efficient road drainage. The objectives are to determine runoff, design drainage channels, and create an efficient and economic drainage system. The literature review covers types of drainage including surface, subsurface and cross drainage. Factors in drainage design like hydrological analysis and hydraulic design using formulas are also summarized.
Introduction about Irrigation BY SITARAM SAINISitaramSaini11
This document provides information about irrigation. It begins by defining irrigation as the process of artificially supplying water to soil for raising crops. It then discusses various surface, subsurface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods. It also covers factors that affect the choice of irrigation method such as soil characteristics, topography, water supply, and crop requirements. The document concludes by discussing concepts such as duty of water, delta, base period, culturable commanded area, and factors that influence the duty of water for crops.
This document summarizes rapidly varying flow, which refers to significant changes in water depth over a short distance. It occurs where there is a disturbance to the balance between gravity and friction, such as at a weir. There is often a transition between deep, slow flow and shallow, fast flow. For a smooth transition, the total head is assumed constant, while an abrupt transition like a hydraulic jump can cause head loss. A hydraulic jump is an abrupt change from shallow, fast flow to deep, slow flow and occurs when upstream and downstream conditions impose different water depths. Mass is conserved across it, while energy is lost mostly as heat.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
Components of Water Treatment Plant, Methods of Water Treatment, Process of Water Treatment such as Aeration, Sedimentation, Filtration and Disinfection etc.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on water drainage systems for a public works department in Gangapur City, India. It discusses the importance of adequate drainage for pavement design and protection. It then covers the design of surface drainage systems, including estimating runoff quantities using the rational formula and Manning's equation, and the design of side ditches and open channels. It also discusses the design of subsurface drainage systems, including lowering the water table, controlling seepage and capillary rise, and the design of appropriate filter materials.
This document provides an overview of watershed modeling approaches. It discusses standard modeling classifications including black box, lumped, and distributed models. It also describes different hydrologic processes that can be modeled like rainfall, runoff, subsurface flows, and groundwater flow. The document covers topics like watershed modeling system concepts, rainfall-runoff modeling, and classifications of different modeling approaches.
1. A gravity dam is a solid structure made of concrete or masonry that is constructed across a river to create an upstream reservoir. It resists forces through its own weight and triangular cross-section, with the widest part at the bottom.
2. Forces acting on a gravity dam include water pressure, uplift pressure, earthquake forces, and the weight of the dam itself. Uplift pressure is caused by water seeping through the dam and its foundation.
3. Dams are designed to withstand these forces through their weight and cross-sectional shape. Additional design considerations include drainage systems to relieve uplift pressure, and seismic design using coefficients and response spectrum analysis for earthquake forces.
This document provides information about transportation engineering and highway drainage. It discusses various aspects of highway drainage systems including:
- Sources of water in road sections and causes of moisture variation in subgrade soils
- The importance of drainage systems for preventing road damage
- Classification of drainage systems into surface and subsurface drainage
- Components and design of surface drainage systems including hydrologic and hydraulic analysis
- Key considerations and data required for designing roadside drains
It describes elements of surface drainage like inlets, longitudinal side drains, and cross drainage structures. Design of surface drainage involves hydrologic analysis to calculate runoff and hydraulic analysis using Manning's equation to size drains. The document gives examples calculating runoff flow and checking
Chapter 4 Drainge and maintenance of roadKHUSHBU SHAH
This document discusses highway drainage and maintenance. It notes that highway drainage removes excess surface and subsoil water from the roadway. Excess moisture in the soil subgrade reduces stability and strength. Surface drainage removes water from the road and adjoining land using longitudinal side drains and catch basins. Subsurface drainage removes excess water from below the subgrade using trenches, drain pipes, and lowering the water table. Proper drainage design and regular maintenance of drains is needed to prevent damage to roadways from water.
Runoff occurs when the rate of precipitation exceeds the rate at which water can infiltrate into the soil. There are several key factors that affect the amount of runoff from a catchment area, including: (1) precipitation characteristics such as type, duration, and intensity of rainfall; (2) the size, shape, and topography of the catchment area; and (3) the geological, meteorological, and surface characteristics of the catchment area such as soil type, slope, temperature, and land use. These factors influence how much water is able to infiltrate versus flowing across the surface as runoff.
Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and eventually deposited. There are four main categories of sediments based on size: gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Incipient motion, or the initial movement of sediment particles, is important to studying sediment transport and channel design. Two main approaches to modeling incipient motion are the shear stress approach and velocity approach. Shields developed a widely used diagram relating the critical shear stress needed to initiate motion to other dimensionless parameters like particle size, fluid properties, and sediment density. White's analysis also models critical shear stress as proportional to particle size. The velocity approach uses field surveys of permissible flow velocities before sediment starts moving in different channel materials.
This document provides a list of 50 potential water resource engineering projects for BE/BTech and ME/MTech students. The projects cover a wide range of topics related to water such as groundwater potential and quality studies, water treatment plant design, rainwater harvesting, river training works, and interlinking of rivers. Contact information is provided for Sree Samarth Project Solution in Aurangabad for students interested in pursuing one of the projects.
This document discusses the key characteristics of runoff including peak discharge, the hydrograph showing variation of discharge over time, and total runoff volume. It describes how watershed features like drainage area, slope, roughness, storage, drainage density, channel length, and antecedent moisture conditions affect the runoff hydrograph. Larger drainage areas, steeper slopes, and higher drainage densities produce higher peaks and shorter hydrographs, while milder slopes, more storage, longer channels, and wet antecedent conditions result in lower peaks and longer hydrographs.
This document discusses methods of estimating evaporation and runoff. It describes different types of pans that can be used to directly measure evaporation, as well as theoretical methods like the water, energy and mass budget approaches. It also discusses factors that influence infiltration and various formulas that can be used to compute runoff, including the rational method. Hydrographs and unit hydrographs are introduced to analyze streamflow over time from rainfall-runoff events.
This document provides details for the design of a 108km rural road passing through three districts in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. It includes typical road cross sections for different terrains, geometric design values, structural pavement design, drainage structures, retaining walls, and a list of centerline coordinates and elevations. The road requires excavation, embankment filling, asphalt and gravel surfacing, drainage features like culverts and drains, and retaining walls given the mountainous terrain with elevation changes up to 1350m along the route.
This document provides an introduction to irrigation engineering. It discusses the necessity of irrigation in India due to variable rainfall and the need to maximize crop production. The advantages of irrigation include increased food production, optimal crop benefits, and generation of hydroelectric power. However, disadvantages can include water pollution, rising water tables, and waterlogging from over-irrigation. The document also outlines different types of irrigation like surface, flood, and lift irrigation. It describes techniques used in India for water distribution to farms, such as free flooding, border flooding, check flooding and drip irrigation.
Flood has a great role in the socioeconomic status of the community living in the sourrounding of the river. How to analyze and manage the flood water is a real issue facing throughout the world specially in the developing countries. Unit Hydrograph play a vital role in predicting and analyzing the watershed water.
1) Peat swamp forests are found in Southeast Asia and are important carbon stores that help regulate climate change by storing carbon in their peat soils.
2) They provide important ecosystem services like water storage and filtration, and are high in biodiversity, supporting many endangered species.
3) However, they are threatened by activities like drainage and conversion to agriculture that disrupt the forests' natural hydrology.
Protected area network :Biosphere reserves Almas Tamake
Protected areas are a cornerstone of in situ conservation and include national parks, bioreserves, and sanctuaries. They are managed areas dedicated to protecting biodiversity. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has established seven categories of protected areas and guidelines for their management. India has over 600 protected areas covering a variety of ecosystems and hosting many endangered species. These areas help maintain biodiversity through conserving habitats and genetic diversity. Biosphere reserves specifically aim to balance conservation and sustainable development through zoning of areas for strict protection and various levels of human involvement. India has established 18 biosphere reserves recognized for their unique biodiversity and ecosystems.
This project report summarizes the design of a road side drainage system for a road in Kenya. It includes an introduction describing the need for efficient road drainage. The objectives are to determine runoff, design drainage channels, and create an efficient and economic drainage system. The literature review covers types of drainage including surface, subsurface and cross drainage. Factors in drainage design like hydrological analysis and hydraulic design using formulas are also summarized.
Introduction about Irrigation BY SITARAM SAINISitaramSaini11
This document provides information about irrigation. It begins by defining irrigation as the process of artificially supplying water to soil for raising crops. It then discusses various surface, subsurface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods. It also covers factors that affect the choice of irrigation method such as soil characteristics, topography, water supply, and crop requirements. The document concludes by discussing concepts such as duty of water, delta, base period, culturable commanded area, and factors that influence the duty of water for crops.
This document summarizes rapidly varying flow, which refers to significant changes in water depth over a short distance. It occurs where there is a disturbance to the balance between gravity and friction, such as at a weir. There is often a transition between deep, slow flow and shallow, fast flow. For a smooth transition, the total head is assumed constant, while an abrupt transition like a hydraulic jump can cause head loss. A hydraulic jump is an abrupt change from shallow, fast flow to deep, slow flow and occurs when upstream and downstream conditions impose different water depths. Mass is conserved across it, while energy is lost mostly as heat.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
Components of Water Treatment Plant, Methods of Water Treatment, Process of Water Treatment such as Aeration, Sedimentation, Filtration and Disinfection etc.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on water drainage systems for a public works department in Gangapur City, India. It discusses the importance of adequate drainage for pavement design and protection. It then covers the design of surface drainage systems, including estimating runoff quantities using the rational formula and Manning's equation, and the design of side ditches and open channels. It also discusses the design of subsurface drainage systems, including lowering the water table, controlling seepage and capillary rise, and the design of appropriate filter materials.
This document provides an overview of watershed modeling approaches. It discusses standard modeling classifications including black box, lumped, and distributed models. It also describes different hydrologic processes that can be modeled like rainfall, runoff, subsurface flows, and groundwater flow. The document covers topics like watershed modeling system concepts, rainfall-runoff modeling, and classifications of different modeling approaches.
1. A gravity dam is a solid structure made of concrete or masonry that is constructed across a river to create an upstream reservoir. It resists forces through its own weight and triangular cross-section, with the widest part at the bottom.
2. Forces acting on a gravity dam include water pressure, uplift pressure, earthquake forces, and the weight of the dam itself. Uplift pressure is caused by water seeping through the dam and its foundation.
3. Dams are designed to withstand these forces through their weight and cross-sectional shape. Additional design considerations include drainage systems to relieve uplift pressure, and seismic design using coefficients and response spectrum analysis for earthquake forces.
This document provides information about transportation engineering and highway drainage. It discusses various aspects of highway drainage systems including:
- Sources of water in road sections and causes of moisture variation in subgrade soils
- The importance of drainage systems for preventing road damage
- Classification of drainage systems into surface and subsurface drainage
- Components and design of surface drainage systems including hydrologic and hydraulic analysis
- Key considerations and data required for designing roadside drains
It describes elements of surface drainage like inlets, longitudinal side drains, and cross drainage structures. Design of surface drainage involves hydrologic analysis to calculate runoff and hydraulic analysis using Manning's equation to size drains. The document gives examples calculating runoff flow and checking
Chapter 4 Drainge and maintenance of roadKHUSHBU SHAH
This document discusses highway drainage and maintenance. It notes that highway drainage removes excess surface and subsoil water from the roadway. Excess moisture in the soil subgrade reduces stability and strength. Surface drainage removes water from the road and adjoining land using longitudinal side drains and catch basins. Subsurface drainage removes excess water from below the subgrade using trenches, drain pipes, and lowering the water table. Proper drainage design and regular maintenance of drains is needed to prevent damage to roadways from water.
Runoff occurs when the rate of precipitation exceeds the rate at which water can infiltrate into the soil. There are several key factors that affect the amount of runoff from a catchment area, including: (1) precipitation characteristics such as type, duration, and intensity of rainfall; (2) the size, shape, and topography of the catchment area; and (3) the geological, meteorological, and surface characteristics of the catchment area such as soil type, slope, temperature, and land use. These factors influence how much water is able to infiltrate versus flowing across the surface as runoff.
Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and eventually deposited. There are four main categories of sediments based on size: gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Incipient motion, or the initial movement of sediment particles, is important to studying sediment transport and channel design. Two main approaches to modeling incipient motion are the shear stress approach and velocity approach. Shields developed a widely used diagram relating the critical shear stress needed to initiate motion to other dimensionless parameters like particle size, fluid properties, and sediment density. White's analysis also models critical shear stress as proportional to particle size. The velocity approach uses field surveys of permissible flow velocities before sediment starts moving in different channel materials.
This document provides a list of 50 potential water resource engineering projects for BE/BTech and ME/MTech students. The projects cover a wide range of topics related to water such as groundwater potential and quality studies, water treatment plant design, rainwater harvesting, river training works, and interlinking of rivers. Contact information is provided for Sree Samarth Project Solution in Aurangabad for students interested in pursuing one of the projects.
This document discusses the key characteristics of runoff including peak discharge, the hydrograph showing variation of discharge over time, and total runoff volume. It describes how watershed features like drainage area, slope, roughness, storage, drainage density, channel length, and antecedent moisture conditions affect the runoff hydrograph. Larger drainage areas, steeper slopes, and higher drainage densities produce higher peaks and shorter hydrographs, while milder slopes, more storage, longer channels, and wet antecedent conditions result in lower peaks and longer hydrographs.
This document discusses methods of estimating evaporation and runoff. It describes different types of pans that can be used to directly measure evaporation, as well as theoretical methods like the water, energy and mass budget approaches. It also discusses factors that influence infiltration and various formulas that can be used to compute runoff, including the rational method. Hydrographs and unit hydrographs are introduced to analyze streamflow over time from rainfall-runoff events.
This document provides details for the design of a 108km rural road passing through three districts in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. It includes typical road cross sections for different terrains, geometric design values, structural pavement design, drainage structures, retaining walls, and a list of centerline coordinates and elevations. The road requires excavation, embankment filling, asphalt and gravel surfacing, drainage features like culverts and drains, and retaining walls given the mountainous terrain with elevation changes up to 1350m along the route.
This document provides an introduction to irrigation engineering. It discusses the necessity of irrigation in India due to variable rainfall and the need to maximize crop production. The advantages of irrigation include increased food production, optimal crop benefits, and generation of hydroelectric power. However, disadvantages can include water pollution, rising water tables, and waterlogging from over-irrigation. The document also outlines different types of irrigation like surface, flood, and lift irrigation. It describes techniques used in India for water distribution to farms, such as free flooding, border flooding, check flooding and drip irrigation.
Flood has a great role in the socioeconomic status of the community living in the sourrounding of the river. How to analyze and manage the flood water is a real issue facing throughout the world specially in the developing countries. Unit Hydrograph play a vital role in predicting and analyzing the watershed water.
1) Peat swamp forests are found in Southeast Asia and are important carbon stores that help regulate climate change by storing carbon in their peat soils.
2) They provide important ecosystem services like water storage and filtration, and are high in biodiversity, supporting many endangered species.
3) However, they are threatened by activities like drainage and conversion to agriculture that disrupt the forests' natural hydrology.
Protected area network :Biosphere reserves Almas Tamake
Protected areas are a cornerstone of in situ conservation and include national parks, bioreserves, and sanctuaries. They are managed areas dedicated to protecting biodiversity. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has established seven categories of protected areas and guidelines for their management. India has over 600 protected areas covering a variety of ecosystems and hosting many endangered species. These areas help maintain biodiversity through conserving habitats and genetic diversity. Biosphere reserves specifically aim to balance conservation and sustainable development through zoning of areas for strict protection and various levels of human involvement. India has established 18 biosphere reserves recognized for their unique biodiversity and ecosystems.
The document discusses conservation efforts in the Western Ghats region of India, which contains high biodiversity. It describes the Western Ghats' ecology, protected areas that have been established, and ongoing threats such as industry, roads, agriculture, and tourism. Conservation schemes implemented by state governments are also summarized, such as the Western Ghats Development Program and Intensification of Forest Management.
Nepal has established several ex-situ conservation programs and facilities to protect threatened wildlife species. These include the Central Zoo, Gharial Conservation and Breeding Centre, Elephant Breeding Centre, and Vulture Conservation Centre. The Central Zoo houses over 900 individuals from 127 species. The Gharial Conservation Centre has released over 1,300 gharials into Nepali rivers. Ex-situ conservation also includes botanical gardens, the National Herbarium, plant tissue culture programs, and a National Gene Bank to preserve plant genetic resources. These facilities play an important role in rescuing threatened species, producing animals for reintroduction, and supporting conservation education. However, more efforts are needed to address threats like
The document provides information about Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary (PPWS) in Cambodia, including:
- PPWS covers over 2,000km2 and hosts a variety of wildlife species and habitats. It is part of the larger Eastern Plains Landscape, an important area for threatened species.
- Biodiversity surveys conducted by the Ministry of Environment and WWF-Cambodia aim to understand wildlife populations and monitor endangered species like the Giant Ibis.
- Flagship species of PPWS include the Asian elephant and tigers (planned for reintroduction). Other notable species profiles include various wild cats, ungulates, primates, birds, and reptiles found in the sanctuary.
Why Must Palawan Be A NO-GO ZONE For Mining - Save Palawan Movement Ms Gina L...No to mining in Palawan
Why Must Palawan Be A NO-GO ZONE For Mining
Presented by: Atty. Grizelda “Gerthie” Mayo-Anda
Founding Executive Director, Environmental Legal Assistance Center (ELAC)
Trustee Member, Palawan NGO Network, Inc. (PNNI)
Convenor, Bantay Mina-PNNI
The document summarizes a research project to study the ecology and biodiversity of the Sabangau peat-swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The objectives are to conduct surveys of different species groups like cats, primates, bats, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. It will also collect measures of forest structure, condition, productivity, regeneration processes and impacts of disturbance. Methods include comparing diversity between disturbed and undisturbed areas, monitoring permanent forest plots, and establishing plots to measure natural regeneration in different forest types. The fieldwork will be based at the Natural Laboratory for Peat-swamp Forest study site for one year from January 2010 to January 2011.
Presented by Dr. Ir. Bambang Supriyanto, M.Sc. (Director General of Social Forestry and Environmental Partnership - Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia) on "Signing of MoU on scientific and technical cooperation between FOERDIA, Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia and CIFOR" (26 February 2019)
Conservation of an Island Biodiversity HotspotThe government o.docxdonnajames55
Conservation of an Island Biodiversity Hotspot
The government of Mahandar wants to expand biodiversity conservation efforts on the island. The government has two goals: 1) to protect the overall biodiversity and sustainability of the island ecosystem, and 2) to protect the endemic primates that live in the forests on the island. The endangered primates are unique and very sensitive to habitat changes. This puts them at a higher risk of extinction. The primates have also become a well-known attraction for ecotourists from around the world. The government has enough funds to fully support conservation at only one of four forest areas being considered for conservation. You are a member of the conservation team that will advise the government as to which area should get full conservation support.
Complete the chart on the following page. You will attach this chart (but not this instruction page) to your completed writing assignment when you submit it.
Things to Consider: Examine the map of the island, the primate evolutionary tree, and read (carefully) the descriptions of the 4 possible conservation areas on the following pages. Then, consider the following:
Does the size of the proposed conservation area matter? Which proposed sites have a size advantage? Which have a disadvantage?
Does the shape of the proposed conservation area matter? Which area(s) are shaped in a desirable way? Which areas are shaped in a detrimental way?
Do all areas contain the same biodiversity? Which have more? Which have less?
Do all areas contain significant diversity in their primate populations (you need to consult the evolutionary tree to determine this)? Which areas contain more genetically diverse primate populations? Which areas contain less diverse populations?
The Written Assignment: Based on all the information you have, which forest area do you think should be conserved? Explain your reasoning; your reasoning should include the advantages to conserving the area you picked (required), and may also include disadvantages to conserving other areas (optional). While you may decide on a particular area due to non-biological considerations (for example, economic advantages to conserving this area), you must also discuss the biology (shape, size, diversity) in your response. Note: there is no one correct answer to this question, which means your explanation of the reasons is extremely important to the scoring of your assignment.
Forest area
Biological Advantages of conserving this area
Economic Advantages of conserving this area
Trade-offs (“cons”) of
Conserving the area
Mangrove Forest
Tropical Forest North
Tropical Forest South
Cloud Forest
The island of Mahandar
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mahandarian Primates
Below is a phylogenetic tree for the primates on Mahandar. The tree shows evolutionary data for primate taxa that are endemic to the island. Think carefully – Some regions have all their primates on bran.
Conservation of an Island Biodiversity HotspotThe government .docxaryan532920
The document provides guidelines for writing a media effects research paper. It outlines topics to choose from such as violence, obesity, trends and consumerism. It specifies the paper should be 4-6 pages long with 5-10 academic sources cited in MLA style. It provides a format template for the introduction, body, and conclusion sections. The introduction should identify the group affected and thesis. The body should analyze how media portrays the group and effects them over time with citations. The conclusion should restate the thesis and discuss consequences. A sample rubric is also included to evaluate the papers.
This presentation includes information of Sunadrban National Park, Location from Map of India and from Map of West Bengal, Rivers, Flora & Fauna, Threats faced by National park and Steps taken to conserve Sunadrban National Park.
Hope it helps you:)
This presentation is based on the PhD Course work which applies the subject that Advances in Botany, deliberated things are referred from different sources. Books, PDFs, Websites, etc.
The document discusses wildlife conservation in India. It defines wildlife and explains that wildlife conservation preserves ecosystem stability and provides many benefits. Threats to wildlife include habitat loss, pollution, hunting, and introduction of exotic species. The document outlines various protected areas in India like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves and measures taken for wildlife conservation including breeding programs, legal provisions like the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, and the roles of organizations like IUCN.
PHVA Orangutan 2016
Orangutans occur on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo (see Figure 1.). These iconic Indonesian species are the only great apes living in Asia. Both Sumatran and Bornean orangutans are classified as Critically Endangered by IUCN (IUCN 2016) and are protected by Indonesian and Malaysian law. However, the development of forest resources, which assists Indonesia and Malaysia to achieve economic development, has resulted in the loss and degradation of forests over the last 25 years, threatening the habitat of orangutans. This threat, in concert with others, such as the pressure of increasing human population, forest fires, oil palm plantations, mining, poor enforcement of wildlife law, illegal hunting/trade, and inconsistent policies on the management and functions of forested areas, threatens the very existence of these species in the immediate future.
Wild populations of orangutans are in steady decline. This situation has long attracted attention from stakeholders, and in 1993 orangutan scientists and conservationists conducted the first Orangutan Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA), facilitated by the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) of the IUCN SSC. These assessments were updated and expanded at a second PHVA held in 2004 that integrated estimates of human-based threats, such as current and projected land-use patterns and illegal removals, into viability projections. Computer models were used to evaluate current and future risks of population decline or extinction under current and alternative management scenarios.
The results of the 2004 PHVA have provided important input for government policies, such as the Conservation Strategy and Action Plan for Indonesian Orangutans 2007-2017, the Sabah Orangutan Action Plan 2012-2016 and the Orangutan Strategic Action Plan (OUSAP) for the Trans-boundary Biodiversity Conservation Area in Sarawak. In Indonesia, the official launch of the policy, in December 2007 by the President of the Republic of Indonesia in Nusa Dua, Bali, in a parallel workshop of the Conference of Parties (COP) XIII–United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), was a real political commitment by the government of the Republic of Indonesia to conserve orangutans. The policy, which was established by the Ministry of Forestry Regulation Number P.53 Menhut-IV/2007, also encourages coordination of orangutan conservation. Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), a central coordinating body for orangutan conservation established on 25 February 2009 with orangutan conservation communities, has regularly evaluated the implementation of the action plan, including in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013. Meanwhile, WWF-Malaysia has become the key implementing partner of the Sabah Orangutan Action Plan 2012-2016, and WCS Malaysia has become the key implementing partner of the Sarawak Orangutan Strategic Action Plan (OUSAP) for the Trans-boundary Biodiversity Conservation Area.
In 2016, after more t
PRESENTATION ON Biosphere reserves of India
A Biosphere Reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest. It is a title given by UNESCO to help protect the sites.
APP is committed to protecting high conservation value forests and biodiversity. It works with stakeholders to identify and manage conservation areas, ensuring 40% of Indonesia's forests are permanently protected. Additionally, 30% of areas designated for pulpwood are set aside for conservation. APP has established conservation areas like the Senepis-Buluhala Tiger Conservation Area to help protect critically endangered species like the Sumatran tiger. It is also working to establish the Riau Biosphere Reserve to protect ecosystems and rare species like the world's smallest fish. APP believes conservation is key to responsible forest management and good business.
Detailed account of difference between Biosp[here Reserves and various MPAs were given; MPAs of India were listed with its key biodiversity resources...
The document discusses the conservation of the Western Ghats region of India, which contains high biodiversity and endemism. It outlines the parameters used to delineate the region, describes several biosphere reserves and protected areas established to preserve ecosystems in the region. It also discusses the impacts of development activities like industry, roads, agriculture, and tourism on the ecology of the Western Ghats and the policies and schemes established to promote conservation of this ecologically sensitive area.
The document discusses sustainable management practices for group B plantations on peat lands. It identifies challenges including using a variety of species, improving water management, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and adopting a landscape approach. Key principles for sustainable plantations on peat include moving to a long-term sustainable model of over 100 years that balances economic and social needs while protecting the environment. Best management practices should be documented and shared, including practices for fire prevention, water management, certification, and developing management plans that consider environmental, social and community issues. Next steps include compiling a best practices manual through a multi-stakeholder working group and establishing government standards and regulations.
The document summarizes discussions from a group at a workshop on sustainable forestry practices on peatlands. The group discussed key elements of peatland management and rehabilitation, including water management, ecosystem protection, and stakeholder involvement. They also identified challenges like a lack of technical guidance and resources. Effective solutions proposed included better stakeholder partnerships, following guidance documents, and improving coordination between different levels of government. Next steps discussed were strengthening policies and institutions, conducting more research, sharing results, and improving livelihoods and poverty issues for sustainable peatland management.
Issues and observations of Forestry Practices on Peatlands: Case on Indonesia...GlobalEnvironmentCentre
The document discusses Indonesia's mandatory timber legality certification system (TLAS) and issues with forestry practices on peatlands in Riau Province, Indonesia. It notes that Riau has over 4 million hectares of peatlands, with many areas designated as timber plantations, logging concessions, and palm oil concessions. Independent forest monitoring in Riau found main issues include permits being a major problem, limited access to information and locations during assessments, and certification processes lacking clear procedures and communication standards. It also found the assessment indicators do not specifically address peatland categorization and protection.
Forest Management Certification under the MTCS with special reference to peat...GlobalEnvironmentCentre
The document discusses a workshop on enhancing sustainability of forestry practices on peatlands. It provides context on the development of forest certification and sustainable forest management. The Malaysian Timber Certification Council oversees the Malaysian Timber Certification Scheme, which certifies sustainable forest management and chain of custody. Several forest management units in Malaysia have received certification, including areas of peat swamp forest.
1) Indonesia has a total forest land area of 130.68 million hectares as of April 2011, with 222.452 km of boundaries demarcated and 14.24 million hectares officially gazetted.
2) As of April 2011, conservation forests make up 25% of forest land, protection forests 22%, production forests 19%, limited production forests 14%, and conversion forests 20%.
3) As of 2009, primary forests account for 29% of forest cover, secondary forests 30%, plantation forests 2%, and non-forested forest land 6%, with 33% forested non-forest land.
The document summarizes Selangor's experience rehabilitating the degraded Raja Musa Forest Reserve peat swamp forest. Key actions included evacuating illegal settlers, blocking drainage canals to restore hydrology, replanting over 60 hectares with 80,000 trees. Challenges included weed infestation and preventing new encroachment. Future plans are to increase nursery capacity, enhance partnerships, and prevent further encroachment through increased enforcement and clear boundaries. The rehabilitation is considered a success with reduced fires and no new encroachment detected.
The document proposes three plans to restore ramin trees in peatland forests in Sarawak, Malaysia. The first plan involves government stakeholders initiating rehabilitation efforts. The second plan focuses on local communities restoring suitable peatlands. The third plan consists of trial plantings of ramin and other species in oil palm estates located in peatlands. The plans aim to conserve and replant ramin, an important timber species, after most peatland forests were logged and converted to oil palm plantations in recent decades.
Agroforestry of Jelutong on Peatlands: A Lesson Learned from Central KalimantanGlobalEnvironmentCentre
The document discusses agroforestry of jelutung trees on peatlands in Central Kalimantan. It finds that growing jelutung in various agroforestry systems is a technically feasible way to rehabilitate degraded peatlands. Local communities have established seed sources that can provide over 100 million seeds per year. Different agroforestry patterns using jelutung are described, and growth measurements show the trees grow well. Microclimates in jelutung agroforestry systems are found to be better than in agricultural monocultures. The development of jelutung agroforestry is concluded to be a promising approach for peatland rehabilitation
This document summarizes experiences from peatland rehabilitation projects in Central Kalimantan and Jambi Province from 2000-2012. It discusses the results of trials planting various native tree species, including survival rates ranging from 65-100%. Lessons learned include the importance of seedling hardening, integrated hydrological restoration, understanding local species propagation, controlling fires, and involving local communities for long-term sustainability. The document recommends suitable species for different site conditions and stresses training, hydrology knowledge, and fire prevention as critical success factors.
This document discusses a study on peatland forest management and carbon stocks in a pilot site located within the Raja Musa Forest Reserve in Selangor, Malaysia. The study used satellite imagery from 1989, 2001, and 2010 to classify land use and estimate changes in the extent of peat swamp forest and aboveground carbon stocks over time. It was found that peat swamp forest area decreased from 1989 to 2001 due to forest fires, but recovered from 2001 to 2010 through natural regeneration. Aboveground carbon stocks decreased significantly from 1989 to 2001 but also started recovering from 2001 to 2010 as the forest regenerated. The study recommends enhancing forest recovery through rehabilitation or assisted regeneration.
Policy on Protection and Management of Peatland Ecosystem in IndonesiaGlobalEnvironmentCentre
The document outlines Indonesia's policy on protecting and managing peatland ecosystems. It notes that Indonesia has the largest area of peatlands in the tropics, covering around 15 million hectares. Peatlands provide important functions like carbon storage, water storage, biodiversity, and livelihoods. However, past unsustainable development has degraded many peatland areas. The policy aims to promote sustainable management of peatlands based on hydrological units and the functions and carrying capacity of different peatland types. It identifies various challenges and outlines strategies to strengthen laws, institutions, alternative land uses, and community participation in peatland protection and rehabilitation efforts.
Sustainable Forestry And Reduced Impact Logging Practices of Peat Swamp Fores...GlobalEnvironmentCentre
This document discusses sustainable forestry practices and reduced impact logging in peat swamp forests in Malaysia. Peat swamp forests cover over 1.5 million hectares across Malaysia. Selective management systems and modified uniform systems are currently used but were developed for different forest types. Studies show reduced impact logging techniques minimize damage when harvesting peat swamp forests. One study found damage rates of 11-14% using reduced impact logging with a timber harvester in Pekan Forest Reserve, compared to over 80% damage with conventional methods. Reduced impact logging helps minimize costs and speeds natural forest recovery. It is an important technique that should continue to be used and promoted for sustainable harvesting of Malaysian peat swamp forests.
Giam Siak Kecil and Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve: A public-private sector ini...GlobalEnvironmentCentre
The document describes the Giam Siak Kecil - Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve, a public-private partnership between Sinar Mas Forestry and the government of Riau Province in Indonesia. The reserve was established in 2009 and includes 178,722 hectares of core protected areas surrounded by 222,426 hectares of buffer zone and 304,123 hectares of transition area where sustainable development is promoted. The reserve aims to merge biodiversity conservation with sustainable use of tropical peat swamp forests through collaborative research, management, funding, and community involvement. It serves as a model for integrated landscape management in Indonesia.
Development Of Silvicultural Techniques For Native Tree Species of Peat Swamp...GlobalEnvironmentCentre
1) The document discusses the development of silvicultural techniques for native tree species in degraded peat swamp forests in Indonesia.
2) It details research on propagating native tree species like ramin, belangeran, tumih and geronggang through stem cuttings to provide high-quality planting stock for forest rehabilitation.
3) The research found that stem cuttings of ramin, belangeran, tumih and geronggang can be successfully propagated with survival rates ranging from 43-100%, and the use of plant growth hormones like IBA and NAA can improve root growth.
Conservation and sustainable use of Melaleuca forests on peatlands and marsh ...GlobalEnvironmentCentre
This document discusses conservation and sustainable use of Melaleuca forests on peatlands in Ca Mau, Vietnam. It provides an outline of Ca Mau province, describing the location, population, economy, and natural conditions. It then discusses the Melaleuca forests, including their biodiversity value, economic uses, and threats from fires. The document outlines conservation efforts like the U Minh Ha National Park and sustainable forest management practices. It emphasizes improving livelihoods and reducing poverty to support long-term forest conservation and sustainable use.
This document discusses the management of peatlands in Riau Province, Indonesia for sustainable forestry and conservation. It notes that global demand for fiber is increasing, and that Riau's peatlands provide an opportunity to meet this demand through responsible plantation development while also funding conservation efforts. The document outlines the company's practices for balancing development with environmental protection, including designating conservation areas, managing water levels, and conducting carbon emissions assessments. It argues this approach provides better outcomes than unregulated use of the peatlands.
Peatland Development Challenges – A Case Study from Kampar Peninsula, Riau, I...GlobalEnvironmentCentre
This document summarizes a study of landscape changes on a peat dome in coastal Riau, Sumatra from 1995-2010. Key findings include:
1) Illegal logging from 2000-2009 resulted in extensive drainage through ditches that lowered water tables and caused significant peat subsidence and loss of forest biomass.
2) From 2003-2010, terrain models show mean subsidence of 0.17 meters over the study area, indicating a loss of around 20 tons of CO2 per hectare per year from oxidized peat soils.
3) Forest biomass monitoring plots from 2004-2011 show a continuing decline in biomass years after logging, with the largest trees most affected by
The document discusses carbon budgets in Acacia crassicarpa pulpwood plantations in peatlands. It examines the changes in above and below ground biomass (ABG) and emissions (E) over time. It specifically looks at variations in peatland surface levels, bulk density of peat at different depths, and subsidence over time to estimate changes in below ground or peat mass. Microrelief data from different plots shows surface level can vary between 0-110 cm. Bulk density tends to be highest in the upper 1 meter of peat and decreases with depth, but is more difficult to measure precisely at lower depths.
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2.imp pahang khali
1. MANAGEMENT OF PEAT SWAMP FORESTS
FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE
USE – AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
APFP – SEApeat Meeting
9 – 10 July 2012
Pahang
Khali Aziz Hamzah
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
2. MALAYSIA – FOREST AREA
• Malaysia total land area - about 328,600 km2
• About 59.5% (19.52 million ha) is still under
forest cover
Region Land Natural Forest Types Plantation Total % of
area forest Forested total
(mil Dry Swamp Mangrove land land
ha) inland forest forest Area
Pen. 13.16 5.40 0.30 0.10 0.08 5.88 44.7
Malaysia
Sabah 7.37 3.83 0.12 0.34 0.11 4.40 59.7
Sarawak 12.30 7.92 1.12 0.14 0.06 9.24 75.1
Total 32.83 17.15 1.54 0.58 0.25 19.52 59.5
(Malaysia)
2
3. PEAT SWAMP
FOREST
Malaysia possesses about
1.54 million ha of peat
swamp forest (PSF), of
which some 300,000 ha
remains in Peninsular
Malaysia.
Peat swamp forests are
highly significant globally,
both for their diverse and
threatened species and as
representative unique
ecosystems.
4. BACKGROUND
CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE
OF TROPICAL PEAT SWAMP FORESTS AND
ASSOCIATED WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS PROJECT
Initiated by the M’sian Govt and UNDP/GEF in 1999, the five-year
project started in June 2002 and completed in 2007.
OBJECTIVES:
Promote conservation & sustainable use of PSFs and associated
wetlands ecosystems, by demonstrating this at three project sites
Develop & implement plans, which encourage processes to ensure
conservation of globally significant biodiversity
Contribute towards better understanding of PSFs in M’sia as well as the
region.
6. PROJECT AREA – THE SOUTH
EAST PAHANG PEAT SWAMP
FOREST (SEPPSF)
Areal Extent : 230,256 ha.
Located in the district of Pekan and
Rompin,
The largest intact psf area
(160,000ha) in mainland tropical Asia.
Four Production Forest Reserves
(FRs):-
Pekan, Nenasi, Kedondong and Resak
FRs
7. WHAT ARE THE ISSUES AND THREATS?
• Fragmentation of peat swamp
complex
• Protection of river systems
• That the water table is being
lowered due to a number of
threats:
• Drainage activities
• Land conversion activities
• Logging activities
• Leading to amongst others,
increased fire hazard
8. The Challenges:
• Continued fragmentation of PSF ecosystem
• Unregulated state land logging
• Continued land-use pressures
• Forest fire at adjacent state lands
• Inappropriate canal system
• Unsustainable NTFP collection
• Poaching of exotic species
• Livelihood of Jakun Communities
• Eco-tourism potential to explore
• Absence of integrated management plan
• Absence of specific PSF management prescriptions:
technical guidelines
• Inter-agency coordination
9. WHAT IS REQUIRED?
An Ecosystem Approach in Managing the
Peat Swamp Forest
Definition: ecosystem approach is a strategy for the
integrated management of land, water and living
resources that promotes conservation and sustainable
use in an equitable way.
Thus, the application of the ecosystem approach will
help to reach a balance of the three objectives of the
Conservation: conservation; sustainable use; and the
fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising of the
utilization of genetic resources.
10. ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TAKES INTO
CONSIDERATION:-
• Land Use/Land cover pattern
• Ecosystem Diversity
• Floristic Diversity
• Faunal Diversity
• Local Community
• Hydrological characteristics
14. FAUNAL DIVERSITY
• 19 species of mammals present in
Peninsular Malaysia are on the
IUCN Red List, have been recorded
in the SEPPSF.
• A total of 233 species of birds
(including the migratory species). 3
Globally Vulnerable species; 37
Globally Near Threatened species.
Lesser Adjutant
• At least 56 species of fish have
been recorded.
• Very important habitat for the
stenotopic blackwater fishes (fish
that survive or are found in
blackwater habitats) in Peninsular
Malaysia.
Hornbill
15. THE LOCAL COMMUNITY -
THE ASLI JAKUN
Original inhabitants of the
SEPPSF
One of 18 subgroups of the
Orang Asli
Traditionally shifting
cultivators/hunter-gatherers
Holders of traditional
ecological knowledge
Changing lifestyles - losing
identity with gradual loss of
peat swamp forests &
modernisation
63% depends on fish from PSF
36% depends on forest
produce
16. DISTRIBUTION OF ASLI JAKUN COMMUNITY IN SEPPSF
P. SIPUT
WAWAH
Plants, Herbs,
Rattan, Crafts,
Birds, Mammals
RUNCHANG
Plants,
Rattan, Birds,
Fish, Fish
Plants
SIMPAI
LANDAI
Fish
Plants,
Birds
Plants,
Reptiles, SAWAH
Mammals, BATU JONG
Rattan
PADANG
Birds
API
LARAT
17. LOCAL COMMUNITY’S
PERSPECTIVE ON THE
IMPORTANCE OF
CONSERVING PSF
Source of fresh water supply
Source of livelihood
Various uses: food, material for
handicraft, house-building,
traditional medicine, etc.
Shelter from scorching sun
Protection from natural calamities,
e.g. typhoons
Preservation of livelihood,
knowledge & heritage for future Asli
Jakun generations
18. Socio-economy Strategies for the Local
Asli Jakun
• Aim to to improve their livelihood
• Strategy 1: To establish and network a community-based
organisations (CBOs) amongst Asli Jakun villages
• Strategy 2: Capacity building for JHEOA in terms of
managing and sustaining livelihood programmes &
promoting ‘two-way awareness-raising/communication’
between relevant government agencies and the local
Asli Jakun communities.
• Strategy 3: To formulate a social development plan via a
multi-agency community consultative process.
• Strategy 4: To initiate two pilot supplementary livelihood
projects for the local Asli Jakun communities, one being
the Heritage Garden Project in Kg. Simpai and the other,
an aquaculture project at Sg. Bebar, RPS Runchang.
19. PARTNERSHIP & INTER AGENCY
PARTICIPATION
• Danida (Hydrology and Sustainable Timber
Production)
• FRIM – Study on optimum harvesting regimes
for PSF
• Government Agencies
• NGOs (MNS, Wetlands International, WWF etc)
• Universities
• Other Stakeholders (ASPA, LKPP etc)
20. CONSULTATIVE
PLANNING
PREPARATION OF INTEGRATED
MANAGEMENT PLAN (IMP)
Multi-stakeholders consultation in preparing
an Integrated Management Plan (IMP)
The approach allows the establishment of a
full planning process which is consultative:
Taking into account broad stakeholders’
views
Cross-sectoral as it involves relevant inter-
agencies
Formation of Core Team comprising
representatives/members from 11 agencies
Landscape level and Multi-disciplinary -
involving knowledge on flora, fauna and
socio- economic features.
Wider stakeholder workshop
21. IMP Development Process
• Baseline Information Assessment
• Identifying Key Issues
• Defining the Objectives
• Formulating the Strategy
• Undertaking the Consultative
Process
• Formulating the Action Plans
• Implementation and Monitoring
22. IMP DEVELOPMENT - INTER-AGENCY
CORE TEAM :
• State Economic Planning Unit
• Forestry Department
• Pekan District and Land Office
• Department of Orang Asli Affairs
• Department of Environment
• Drainage and Irrigation Department
• Land and Mines Department
• Town and Country Planning Department
• WILDLIFE Department
• Agriculture Department
• Pekan District Council
• Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
23. CONSULTATIVE
PLANNING
The Core Team meeting is a learning
forum, allowing for the establishment of
a stronger partnership among the
different agencies to enhance
coordination among the different
agencies.
It also promotes transformation of
the temporary core team to become a
permanent state instrument in the
future linking to the expected ‘wetland
management committee’.
24. The Importance of the
Consultative Approach
1. Taking ownership
2. Capacity building
3. Integrated effort and synergy
4. Creating technical
competence
5. Awareness and
communication
6. Political support
7. Institutional gap analysis
26. THE OUTPUT
The IMP serves as:
• Consensual guidance
• Long-term planning for the PSF
• Main reference in operations for state agencies
and stakeholders
• To ensures working towards the same goals
27. IMP FORMALISATION
• Endorsement by the State Authority:-
• State Planning Committee (2006)
• State Executive Council (EXCO) (2006)
• Attachment to District Local Plan
• Formation of committees
- State level - State Wetland Management Committee
(including RAMSAR Site)
- District Level – Site Management Committee:-
To monitor the IMP implementation,
28. The Planning Outputs
• Management zonation of PSF into 6
Zones.
• Zones require Multi-agency
management attention
• PSF proposed as “Environmental
Sensitive Areas” (ESA) with 6 Zones
• Management planning to synchronize
with Local Areas Planning.
29. THE SOUTH EAST PAHANG PEAT SWAMP FOREST MANAGEMENT ZONES
30. Forest Reserve
Zonation Based on
Environmental
Sensitive Areas
Timber Production Area
Biodiversity Conservation Area
31. Logging in SEPPSF
• To use reduced impact logging method (RIL)
as specified in the logging guidelines. (eg.
RIMBAKA, LOGFISHER)
• Minimization of drainage.
• To comply with the Forest Management Plan:-
• cutting limits (65 cm for Ramin and
Dipterocarp species, 55 cm for others)
• cutting cycle (55 years) as specified in
Forest Management Plan
32. A RIMBAKA Logging Plan - RIL
Forest road distance is determined by 2 x optimized
maximum skidding distance (250 - 500 m)
Skid trail distance and landings location are
determined by 2 x optimized winching distance (100
- 150 m)
Winching strips are planned as straight as possible
from the tree to be felled to winching position
Felling direction of tree should be directed toward or
away from the winching strip. Preferable as straight
as possible to the winching direction, or at least at
an maximum angle of 45° (herringbone pattern)
33. Example of
RIMBAKA
Logging Plan
on A Felling Block
Map
LOGGING
PLAN
Felling Block 10 Ha
Landing
Winching pos.
Skid trail
Forest road
Winching strip
Felling
direction
Commercial
species
Felling block
boundaries
34. RIMBAKA – RIL IN PSF
- Controlled machine movement
- Use long cable to extract log
- Less residual stand damage
- Minimise disturbance to the soil
and natural hydrological system
- Faster recovery of the forest
ecosystem
36. Lesson Learnt - Key Factors To Ensure The
Success of Consultative Planning Process
• Availability of actual landscape profile of the area, including
accurate land-use maps (scale of 1:20,000 or 1:50,000)
demographic records, and other multi-disciplinary
information;
• Early and clear identification of the multi-stakeholders
involved;
• Gradual approach, aiming at harmonising the different
perceptions and interests of the stakeholders by grouping
them according to core and broader stakeholders;
• Engagement of professional facilitator to assist in
reconciling the views and interests of the different groups;
37. Lesson Learnt - Key Factors To Ensure The
Success of Consultative Planning Process (continued)
• Sufficient pre-consultations with key stakeholders to sensitise
them on the objective and benefits of the mission;
• The consultative planning undertaken at the operational level,
with clear reference to current statistics and maps;
• Maintenance of proper documentation of consultation
process;
• Conformity with the existing legal requirements including the
master and district plans of the area; and
• Regular updates for the higher authority and local decision-
makers on the planning progress and outcomes.
38. Lessons Learnt
• The IMP was developed through consultative
process, hence all stakeholders views &
concerns have been considered
• The SEPPSF has to be managed base on
integrated approach to achieve sustainability
and conservation of the forest
• The implementation of the plan requires full
commitments from all agencies concern
39. Lessons Learnt (continued)
• The IMP Process creates a technical forum for
inter-agencies consultations
• It promotes better understanding among sectors
involved
• It promotes ownership and strong commitments
• It provides greater chance to succeed in
implementation
• Crucial matters resolved and actions taken
during the process
40. OUTCOMES
• SEPPSF & surrounding associated wetland ecosystems
managed systematically and sustainably – PSF intact
(fragmentation minimised)
• Implementation of IMP - Project area managed as an
entity through inter-agency coordination
• Improved sustainable livelihoods for the local
communities
• Enhanced appreciation and understanding among the
local communities of the ecosystems within which they
live in
• Institutional and human capacities strengthened
through trainings and study tours
42. MID-TERM REVIEW FINDINGS
Some Significant Achievements:
• Gazetment of about 13,251.0 ha stateland
forests into PFE (current total = 100,000
ha of Forest Reserve)
• Logging only base on RIL method in PFE
• State Wetland Management Committee
formed
43. MID-TERM REVIEW FINDINGS
• Two sets of Management Actions (MA)
• Short-term (2005 – 2007)
- 53 MA
- Implementation - very satisfactory
- 94% implemented
- 3 management actions pending
45. MTR - GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
• The state authority should ensure a regular Wetland Management
Committee meeting as specified in the TOR of the WMC,
• Forestry Department to report the IMP Implementation progress and
status regularly at the Wetland Management Committee meeting,
• Forestry department to organize discussion forum with relevant
agencies to overcome any problems or constraint in the
implementation of the management actions of the IMP,
• Forestry Department to lead in undertaking correction actions on all
un-implemented short and long-terms Management Actions of the
IMP
• Forestry Department to look into the possibility of getting external
fund and request budget allocations to implement the remaining
management actions whenever necessary
46. MID-TERM REVIEW FINDINGS
• The IMP is an important document for PSF
management
• The IMP is still being referred by the state
authority
• The management prescriptions in the IMP
are being followed closely
49. Pending management actions (Short term)
Management Action Details Progress and status Recommendations
1 14 - Develop faunal Preliminary guidelines Due to financial and Working together
management have to be developed time constraints, the with PERHILITAN
guidelines through consultation faunal management state FD is
with PERHILITAN. guidelines only focused recommended to
Specialist report due on the conservation look into a posibility
in 3 months as base to and management of of sourcing fund to
finalise guidelines. hornbill avifauna in the undertake the
SEPPSF remaining task
50. Pending management actions (Short term)
Management Action Details Progress and status Recommendations
2 18. Identification of local Local community UNDP and FD had in 2006 FD is recommended to
community roaming utilisation of NTFP and consulted the JHEO on initiate a discussion with
areas & formalise use dependency on forest the possible approach in JHEOA on ways to
reserves has to be determining and overcome the problems
ascertained through a delineating and mapping including sourcing for
consultative process. the roaming areas. funding.
Once collection /roaming However due to some
areas are identified, forest problems including
reserve utilisation for financial constraint had
sustenance has to be limit the implementation of
formalised. Roaming the action plan
areas to be mapped and
monitored to prevent
unsustainable practices.
51. Pending management actions (Short term)
Management Action Details Progress and status Recommendations
3 20. Facilitate the This is a crucial initiative The wetland units at The state FD is
formation of wetlands as the unit will take state FD has yet to be recommended to re-
management unit in charge of IMP in the formed due to some consider this
the State Forestry SEPPSF. The unit will administrative management action
Department plan implementation procedure. However at once the financial
and develop in the area the HQ, a unit dealing situation permits to do
and report to the state with wetland had been so
and the district level site formed to oversee the
management management of wetland
committees. The state forest including
FD and UPEN have to mangrove and peat
lobby the Federal FD to swamp forests
initiate establishment
and fund through
Federal sources
52. Pending management actions (Medium term)
Management Action Details Progress and status Recommendations
1 5. Develop & implement The data has to be analysed FRIM during the Documentation on the
logging impact and used for continuous Harvesting regime logging impact
monitoring protocols improvement. research project in the monitoring protocol
peat swamp forest had should be prepared by
completed a study on FD
logging impact in the forest
reserve. The information
might be used as a basis
in developing the
monitoring protocol. (Refer
also Action 12 of the short-
term)
2 8. Monitor, moderate & The monitoring results has to FD is indirectly monitor the Other than that
record collection of be used to promote sustainable NTFP collection through difficulties in the
NTFP extraction. record of extraction recording and
licences issued (for monitoring and
example rattan collection) enforcement hinder the
from psf. (Refer also implementation of this
Action 17 of the short-term task. It is
) recommended that FD
uses the existing field
staffs to undertake the
monitoring
53. Pending management actions (Medium term)
Management Action Details Progress and status Recommendations
3 9. Undertake detailed Funding should be sought to Biodiversity information It is recommended that
biodiversity surveys to undertake annual surveys collected during the FD should look into
update information & systematically spread over the UNDP project is at this the possibility of
form collaborative effort 4 forest reserves. stage sufficient to be used securing budget from
with PERHILITAN to Collaborative research has to as base line information the Levi fund
undertake wildlife be promoted. for the area. Financial
survey & management constraint limit the
proposed annual
biodiversity survey of the
peat swamp forest. (Refer
also Action 14 of the
short-term )
4 22. Mobilise local The effectiveness of UNDP had consulted FD should ensure the
community to act as mobilisation has to be repsesentetives of the security of the forest
onsite guardians of the reviewed annually and a local community in resources be
PSF decision can be made to stop particular the Asli Jakun monitored through the
this practice if found and feedback recieved normal procedures
ineffective. was not encouraging, as under the SFM
such the task was not practices
explored further.
54. Pending management actions (Medium term)
Management Action Details Progress and status Recommendations
5 23. Long term This should be a collaborative Unable to secure funding as FD to have regular
monitoring of water effort and effort should be made such the long-term communications with
quality & water table to seek funding. DOE monitoring of water quality DID and DOE and seeks
through collaborative commitment is needed to and water table in the peat advice on issues related
effort with DID including coordinate exercise. swamp forest was not to water quality in the
DOE materialised. However DID project area
and DOE is continously
monitor their existing
stations located through out
the Pekan District.
6 27. Establishment Physical demarcation is needed Protection areas within the Even though without
of contiguous protection to support management effort FR was clearly marked on physical demarcation on
areas within forest the map and on the ground the ground, FD is
reserves & clear the standard procedure recommended to have
demarcation of these adopted by the state in regular monitoring
boundaries demarcating forest reserve through ground check
boundary is being and request assistance
implemented. from the HQ to also
monitor the areas
But due to budget limitation
occasionally using
it is of low priority to
remote sensing satellites
demarcate protection areas
on the ground
55. Pending management actions (Medium term)
Management Action Details Progress and status Recommendations
7 28. Long term Finalisation of gazetttement The buffer zone is being Similar
monitoring of buffer and physical boundary monitored based on the recommendation as
zone by wetlands demarcation is a prerequisite IMP recommendation. item 27 above
management unit. to monitoring. Monitoring However, demarcation of
protocols need to be the buffer zone on the
State: Wetland
developed. ground was not
Management Unit. State’s
implemented due to the
responsibility to demarcate
budget constraint.
buffer zone
8 32. Physical demarcation Physical demarcation has to The buffer zone is being Similar
of buffer zone. be undertaken using the monitored based on the recommendation as
definitive map produced by the IMP recommendation and item 27 above
Clear demarcation of FR
project. FR boundary is being
Clear demarcation of buffer demarcated on the ground
zone with signages based on the standard FR
marking procedure.
However, demarcation of
the buffer zone on the
ground was not
implemented due to the
budget constraint
56. Pending management actions (Medium term)
Management Action Details Progress and status Recommendations
9 33. Reporting & The committee needs to be Monitoring and To abide with the
liaising with district level formed and supported by the management of the FR is current practices of
committee on state government. Terms of under the FD jurisdiction reporting any
management & reference for the committee has including reporting it to the development activities
development issues to be formulated. state autority on any issues at the district level
related to the forest
reserve. This is of
adequate and as such a
specific committe as
indicated and suggested is
not formed.
10 37. Facilitation of The right approach needs to be Due to financial constraint, Recommended State
natural regeneration in devised on a case by case no specific action on this FD to request budget
remnant forest patches basis. and leaving it to the from the Levi allocation
natural process of
regeneration
57. Pending management actions (Medium term)
Management Action Details Progress and status Recommendations
11 39. Closure of Funding needs to be obtained Due to financial constraint, Recommended State FD
canals in buffer zone from either state or federal there is no specific action to request budget from
government sources. The taken on this task the Levi allocation
process of seeking funds has to
be formalised and initiated.
12 41. Regular Enforcement phased in after No special task unit is Recommended that
monitoring by special task consultation with local formed. However, FD is monitoring to be done by
unit and encouraging community. Monitoring of the indirectly monitor the NTFP FD field staff
licenses application by current extraction rate is collection through record of
local collectors from important to establish base. extraction licences issued
relevant communities to (for example rattan
This is a major task and requires
ensure the sustainable collection) from psf. (Refer
the development of a monitoring
use of NTFP resources. also Action 17 of the short-
protocol.
term )
13 45. Long term Funds and collaboration needs to As explained in Action 43 of FD to review and discuss
monitoring for peat be explored. the medium-term, as of the actions with
subsidence today there is no specific plantation owners and
task taken for this Action explore potential source
To adopt sustainable
of fund
agricultural management
practices.