This document discusses different types of projected aids used in education, including film projectors, filmstrip projectors, slide projectors, episcopes, televisions, LCD projectors, and DLP projectors. Projected aids allow items to be projected onto a screen using mechanical devices, providing a realistic experience by combining movement and sound. Common projected aids discussed include films/film projectors, filmstrips/filmstrip projectors, slides/slide projectors, and televisions. LCD and DLP projectors provide advanced projection capabilities in classroom and large audience settings.

1. WELCOME

2. PROJECTED AIDS
Submitted by,
DEEPTHI SIVAN
1st BEd MATHEMATICS
SREE NARAYANA COLLEGE OF
EDUCATION
MUVATTUPUZHA

3. • A projected aid is one in which items
to be observed are projected on a
screen using a mechanical device .
Film projected on a wide screen using
a film projector is a typical example.
These aids are found to be very
effective because movement can be
added to sound and hence a realistic
experience be provided.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF PROJECTED
AIDS
 FILMS AND FILM PROJECTOR
 FILM STRIPS AND FILMSTRIP PROJECTOR
 SLIDES AND SLIDE PROJECTOR
 EPISCOPE AND EPIDIA SCOPE
 TELEVISION
 LCD PROJECTOR
 DLP PROJECTOR

5. A single picture itself is an effective aid ,but a
sequence of picture presented continuously has a
cumulative effect.That is why a film in the form of a
motion picture is considered to be a valuable aid.
With the help of a film projector a motion picture
depicting a continuous process can be projected on a
screen fixed at a convenient place so that every
student can clearly observe the presentation and at
the same time attend to the related sounds.
Synchronising the moving figures with sound makes
the experience realistic and lively.
FILMS AND FILM
PROJECTOR

6. FILMSTRIPS AND
FILMSTRIP PROJECTOR
A filmstrip is a piece of non- inflammable
safety film, 35mm wide .Its length may vary
according to requirement and can be up to about
one meter. One such strip may contain 10 to 50 picture
frames. These pictures may constitute a connected
series of drawings , photographs, diagrams or a
combination of these and illustrate a single sequence
, theme or incident. The filmstrips are projected by a
filmstrip projector.

7. SLIDE AND SLIDE
PROJECTOR
Any picture or diagram which will take a long time to be
drawn on black board in the course of a class period can be developed as
a slide. This slide can be got enlarged by projecting it on a screen with a
slide projector.
Slide projector is an instrument equipped with a
powerful light source and a carrier for holding slides of suitable size.
Usually a double slide carrier is filled into the projector so that when one
slide in being projected on the screen a second slide can be kept ready for
projection. The projector can also be operated and focussed by remote
controls. This aid is not only time saving but also helpful to add to the
impression of the learning experience.

8. EPISCOPE AND EPIDIA
SCOPE
Episcope is used for projection of opaque objects.
The principle of reflected projection is used in this. Pictures,
photographs, drawings or any opaque material within the size
of the platform of the episcope can be projected using this
instrument. During epi-projection the room should be totally
darkened in order to get a clear bright image. It is not
advisable to resort to epi-projection for normal class room
teaching. Episcope can be used to enlarge book diagrams and
to illustrate complex materials.

9. TELEVISION
Television also can be considered as a projected aid. But
projection is made at a central place, the T.V.station. It is a very exciting
and efficient means of mass communication. Educational television
programmes aim at education rather than entertainment. These
programmes can compensate for the scarcity of qualified teachers and
lack of well equipped laboratories. A teacher or specialist can render
teaching sessions and pass information to millions of viewers all over
the world. Since the programmes are announced in advance, the
institution can prepare the pupils to closely attend the telecast.
Television can provide a variety of interesting learning experiences.

10. LCD PROJECTOR
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Projector is the most
advanced and sophisticated projecting aid. It is used to
present a topic in the classroom or in front of a large
audience . We can demonstrate the real world situation and
simulations in the classroom in a theatre-like atmosphere . In
the area of Educational Technology , we can replace all other
projected and non projected aids with only a single LCD
projector and a computer system.

11. DLP PROJECTOR
DLP (Digital Light Processing)
technology is developed by Texas
instruments. It has completely
different structure compared to LCD.
The DLP chip is a reflective surface
made up of 1000’s (or millions) of
microscopic mirrors.