This document discusses coding and decoding types, explaining methods for transforming symbols and understanding logic in messaging. It covers various coding techniques such as letter coding, number coding, and substitution coding, providing examples and problems to illustrate these concepts. The document is aimed at assessing candidates' abilities to interpret coded information through pattern recognition and symbolic relationships.

1. Reasoning
CHAPTER 2
Coding Decoding

2. About Coding-Decoding
A code means arrangement of symbols.
Therefore coding is a method of transforming any
instruction from the given form to the required
form. The coding and decoding is an aid to check
the candidate’s ability to understand the logic that
codes a particular message to read the message.

3. Types of Coding-Decoding
Letter
Coding
Number
Coding
Substitution
Coding

4. 1. Letter Coding
In these questions code values are
given to a word in terms of letters. We have
to analyze the pattern of the example and
follow that pattern to find the answer.

5. 1. Letter Coding
Ø
Take the given pair.
Ø
Write the position of all letters in given pair.
Ø
Try to find the relation between the letters of
both part of pair.
Ø
Relation may be related to forward or
backward order.
Ø
Implement the same relation on the given
word for required answer.

6. 1. Letter Coding
Possible relations on the basis of position of
letters in the given words may be(B)
(A)
(C)
(D)
(E)

7. Q.1. In a certain language, TEACHER is written as
VGCEJGT,
then how is CHILDREN written in
same language?
(1) ENAGITEV
(2) PGTFNKJE
(3) EJKNFTGP
(4) MGAETVIE
(5) None of these
EXPLANATION :
TEACHER
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
VGCEJGT
So, the Ans. (3)
CHILDREN
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
EJKNFTGP

8. Q.2.If CHAIR is coded as XSZRI and ABOVE is coded
as ZYLEV. How EVERY written in that code ?
(1) WEVIB
(4) VFVIB
(2) VEVIB
(5) None of these
(3) VEBIB
EXPLANATION :
CHAIR
ABOVE
EVERY
XSZRI
ZYLEV
VEVIB
So,(Using Opposite letter)
the Ans. (3)

9. Q.3. If LIGHT is coded as lJGIT, how is FLAMES
coded in that code ?
(1) QLBNET
(4) QLBMFS
(2) FKALER
(3) FMANET
(5) None of these
EXPLANATION :
LIGHT
+1
+1
LJGIT
So, the ans. (3)
FLAMES
+1
+1
+1
FMANET

10. 2. Number Coding
In these question, numerical code
values are given to a word or viceversa. The candidate is required to find
the code depending upon the given
coding pattern.

11. Q.1. In a certain code SISTER is coded as 535201,
UNCLE is coded as 78960 How is NEER coded in
that code ?
(1) 8001
(2) 8901
(3) 8210
(4) 8100
(5) None of these
EXPLANATION :
SISTER
535201
UNCLE
78960
NEER
8001
Numbers are coded for words on the basis of
respective position.
So, the ans. (1)

12. Q.2.In a certain code a number 13479 is written as
AQFJL and 5268 is written as DMPN. How is
396824 written in that code ?
(1) QLPNKJ
(4) QLPNDF
(2) QLPNMF
(3) QLPMNF
(5) None of these
EXPLANATION :
13479
5268
396824
AQFJL
DMPN
QLPMNF
So, the ans. (3)

13. 3. Substituting Coding
In this type of questions, some particular names
are given to certain objects.
Q.1. If ‘eye’ is called ‘hand’, ‘hand’ is
‘mouth’, ‘mouth’ is called ‘ear’, ‘ear’ is
‘nose’, and ‘nose’ is called
‘tongue’. With
of the following would a person hear ?
(1) eye
(2) mouth
(3) nose
(4) ear
(5) tongue
EXPLANATION :
hand- mouth-ear-nose-tongue. Here answer
be ear which is coded from nose.
So, the ans. (3)
called
called
which
should

14. Q.2. If ‘tee see pee’, means ‘drink fruit juice.’
‘see kee lee,’ means ‘juice is sweet’ and ‘lee ree
mee’ means ‘he is intelligent’, which word in that
language means ‘sweet’?
(1) see
(2) kee
(3) lee (4) pee (5) tee
EXPLANATION :
Tee see pee – drink fruit juice
See kee lee – juice is sweet
Lee ree mee – the is intelligent
So, the ans. (3)

15. Opposite Letter
With the help of above two words, we can find out the
position of every letter with in a second.
A « Z (A Zad)
B « Y (B o Y)
C « X (CraX)
D « W (DeW)
E « V (E.Ven)
F « U (FUll)
G « T (G T road)
H « S (High School)
I « R (Indian Railway)
J « Q (Jungle - Queen)
K « P (KanPur)
L « O (LOve)
M « N (MaN)
With the help of above trick, we can get the
opposite letter of any letter.

16. Some more examples:Q.1. In a certain code language, SOLEMN is written as
HDAEBC. How is POTHER written in same code language?
(1) EDBHEG
(2) GFBHEI
(3) GFBHEN
(4) KLGSVI
(5) None of these
EXPLANATION :
S O L E M N
P O T H E R
19 15 12 5 13 14
16 15 20 8 5 18
1-9 1-5 1-2 5-0 1-3 1-4
1-6 1-5 2-0 8-0 5-0 1-8
H D A E B C
E D B H E G
So, the ans. (1)

17. Q.2.If EQUITY is coded as SOCWIG and OUTPUT is
coded as RSMRSN. How NOTIFY written in that code ?
(1) LMRWDG (2) RMLGDW (3) RMLWGD
(4) RMLWDG (5) None of these
EXPLANATION :
EQU I TY
O U T P U T
N O T I F Y
SOCWRG
R S M R S N
RMLWDG
So, the ans .(4)

19. Q.1-5. In a certain code language'economics is not money‘ is written as, 'ka la ho ga'
'demand and supply economies' is written as, 'mo ta pa
ka’
'money makes only part‘ is written as,'zi la ne ki'
'demand makes supply economies‘ is written as,'zi mo ka
ta'
Q.1. What is the code for 'makes‘ in the given code language ?
(1) mo
(2) pa
(3) ne
(4) zi
(5) ho

20. Q.1-5. In a certain code language'economics is not money‘ is written as, 'ka la ho ga'
'demand and supply economies' is written as, 'mo ta pa
ka’
'money makes only part‘ is written as,'zi la ne ki'
'demand makes supply economies‘ is written as,'zi mo ka
ta'
Q.2. What is the code for 'money' in the given code language ?
(1) ga
(2) mo
(3) pa
(4) ta
(5) la

21. Q.1-5. In a certain code language'economics is not money‘ is written as, 'ka la ho ga'
'demand and supply economies' is written as, 'mo ta pa
ka’
'money makes only part‘ is written as,'zi la ne ki'
'demand makes supply economies‘ is written as,'zi mo ka
ta'
Q.3. What may be the possible code for 'work and money' in
the given code language ?
(1) pa ga la
(2) pa la tu
(3) mo la pa
(4) tu la ga
(5) pa la ne

22. Q.1-5. In a certain code language'economics is not money‘ is written as, 'ka la ho ga'
'demand and supply economies' is written as, 'mo ta pa
ka’
'money makes only part‘ is written as,'zi la ne ki'
'demand makes supply economies‘ is written as,'zi mo ka
ta'
Q.4. What is the code for 'supply' in the given code language ?
(1) only ta
(2) only mo
(3) either pa or mo
(4) only pa
(5) either mo or ta

23. Q.1-5. In a certain code language'economics is not money‘ is written as, 'ka la ho ga'
'demand and supply economies' is written as, 'mo ta pa
ka’
'money makes only part‘ is written as,'zi la ne ki'
'demand makes supply economies‘ is written as,'zi mo ka
ta'
Q.5. What may be the possible code for 'demand only more' in
the given code language ?
(1) xi ne mo
(2) mo zi ne'
(3) ki ne mo
(4) mo zi ki
(5) xi ka ta

24. Q.1-5. In a certain code,
‘more money in market’ is written as ‘zo li aa to’;
‘share in market profit’ is written as ‘vo to je li’;
‘making more profit now’ is written as ‘su je zo ka’;
‘now the market gains’ is written as ‘do li yo su’.
Q.1. Which of the following does ‘vo’ stand for ?
(1) profit
(2) in
(3) share
(4) market
(5) in or profit

25. Q.1-5. In a certain code,
‘more money in market’ is written as ‘zo li aa to’;
‘share in market profit’ is written as ‘vo to je li’;
‘making more profit now’ is written as ‘su je zo ka’;
‘now the market gains’ is written as ‘do li yo su’.
Q.2. What is the code for ‘making’ ?
(1) ka
(2) su
(3) je
(4) zo
(5) Cannot be determined

26. Q.1-5. In a certain code,
‘more money in market’ is written as ‘zo li aa to’;
‘share in market profit’ is written as ‘vo to je li’;
‘making more profit now’ is written as ‘su je zo ka’;
‘now the market gains’ is written as ‘do li yo su’.
Q.3. Which of the .following is the code for ‘gains’ ?
(1) su
(2) li
(3) yo
(4) do
(5) yo or do

27. Q.1-5. In a certain code,
‘more money in market’ is written as ‘zo li aa to’;
‘share in market profit’ is written as ‘vo to je li’;
‘making more profit now’ is written as ‘su je zo ka’;
‘now the market gains’ is written as ‘do li yo su’.
Q.4. Which of the following can be the code for’ the more you
share’ ?
(1) do yo zo vo
(2) vo wi zo do
(3) vo zo wi bu
(4) yo je vo wi
(5) su vo zo do

28. Q.1-5. In a certain code,
‘more money in market’ is written as ‘zo li aa to’;
‘share in market profit’ is written as ‘vo to je li’;
‘making more profit now’ is written as ‘su je zo ka’;
‘now the market gains’ is written as ‘do li yo su’.
Q.5. ‘ to ka li aa’ is a code for which of the following ?
(1) share more in market
(2) now share more gains
(3) the gains in market
(4) the gains in profit
(5) making money in market

29. Q.1-8.Study the following information to answer the given
questions :
In a certain code ‘it is rush hour traffic’ is written as ‘sa le
do mi ru’ ‘go to school’ is written as ‘be no pa’, ‘one hour to go’ is
written as ‘mi fi pa be’, ‘rush to one’ is written as ‘fi be sa’ and
‘traffic is fine’ is written as ‘ga ru do’.
Q.1. ‘rubewa’ would mean ———
(1) is to way
(2) traffic is to
(3) be
(4) to traffic way
(5) Cannot be determined

30. Q.1-8.Study the following information to answer the given
questions :
In a certain code ‘it is rush hour traffic’ is written as ‘sa le
do mi ru’ ‘go to school’ is written as ‘be no pa’, ‘one hour to go’ is
written as ‘mi fi pa be’, ‘rush to one’ is written as ‘fi be sa’ and
‘traffic is fine’ is written as ‘ga ru do’.
Q.2. What is the code for ‘school’ ?
(1) do
(2) ru
(3) be
(4) pa
(5) None of these

31. Q.1-8.Study the following information to answer the given
questions :
In a certain code ‘it is rush hour traffic’ is written as ‘sa le
do mi ru’ ‘go to school’ is written as ‘be no pa’, ‘one hour to go’ is
written as ‘mi fi pa be’, ‘rush to one’ is written as ‘fi be sa’ and
‘traffic is fine’ is written as ‘ga ru do’.
Q.3. What is the code for ‘fine’ ?
(1) ga
(2) ru
(3) way is traffic
(4) do
(5) None of these

32. Q.1-8.Study the following information to answer the given
questions :
In a certain code ‘it is rush hour traffic’ is written as ‘sa le
do mi ru’ ‘go to school’ is written as ‘be no pa’, ‘one hour to go’ is
written as ‘mi fi pa be’, ‘rush to one’ is written as ‘fi be sa’ and
‘traffic is fine’ is written as ‘ga ru do’.
Q.4. Which of the following represents ‘school hour go fine’ ?
(1) pa be fi ga
(2) no mi ra pa
(3) pa no ga mi
(4) ga no mi le
(5) None of these

33. Q.1-8.Study the following information to answer the given
questions :
In a certain code ‘it is rush hour traffic’ is written as ‘sa le
do mi ru’ ‘go to school’ is written as ‘be no pa’, ‘one hour to go’ is
written as ‘mi fi pa be’, ‘rush to one’ is written as ‘fi be sa’ and
‘traffic is fine’ is written as ‘ga ru do’.
Q.5. ‘mi fi le’ would mean
(1) it one to
(2) to rush one
(3) it one hour
(4) rush hour it
(5) None is correct

34. Q.1-8.Study the following information to answer the given
questions :
In a certain code ‘it is rush hour traffic’ is written as ‘sa le do
mi ru’ ‘go to school’ is written as ‘be no pa’, ‘one hour to go’ is
written as ‘mi fi pa be’, ‘rush to one’ is written as ‘fi be sa’ and
‘traffic is fine’ is written as ‘ga ru do’.
Q.6. What does ‘sa’ stand for ?
(1) rush
(2) traffic
(3) it
(4) is
(5) None of these

35. Q.1-8.Study the following information to answer the given
questions :
In a certain code ‘it is rush hour traffic’ is written as ‘sa le do
mi ru’ ‘go to school’ is written as ‘be no pa’, ‘one hour to go’ is
written as ‘mi fi pa be’, ‘rush to one’ is written as ‘fi be sa’ and
‘traffic is fine’ is written as ‘ga ru do’.
Q.7. Which of the following may represent ‘traffic is for one
hour’ ?
(1) fi ye no mi ru
(2) fi le do mi ru (3) fi ye do mi ru
(4) fi so do mi ro
(5) None of these

36. Q.1-8.Study the following information to answer the given
questions :
In a certain code ‘it is rush hour traffic’ is written as ‘sa le do
mi ru’ ‘go to school’ is written as ‘be no pa’, ‘one hour to go’ is
written as ‘mi fi pa be’, ‘rush to one’ is written as ‘fi be sa’ and
‘traffic is fine’ is written as ‘ga ru do’.
Q.8. What does ‘do’ stand for ?
(1) hour
(2) ‘is’or’traffic
(3) it
(4) is
(5) None of these