This document discusses different types of coding and decoding questions in verbal reasoning tests. It describes letter coding, number coding, position coding, direct coding, and substitution coding. For letter coding, the logic is to write the letters and codes in parallel columns to find patterns like a consistent increase or decrease in letter positions. For other types, the key is to understand the given coding logic or pattern and apply it systematically to deduce the code for new words based on the information provided in examples. Understanding different coding techniques helps solve these questions accurately and efficiently.

1. Verbal reasoning
CODING AND DECODING

2. • About Coding-Decoding
• A code means arrangement of symbols
•
To check the candidate’s ability
to understand the logic thatto understand the logic that
codes a particular message to
read the message.

4. • 1. Letter Coding
• code values are given to a word in terms
of letters.
• We have• We have
to analyze the pattern of the example
•
follow that pattern to find the answer

5. :
TYPE -1 -PATTERN BASED
• To solve pattern-based questions
quickly
• you should learn the positions of• you should learn the positions of
the letters in English alphabet.
• Identify the pattern

7. Code and meaning
• TEACHER IS CODED AS VGCEJGT
• CODE = TEACHER• CODE = TEACHER
• MEANING = VGCEJGT

8. • Example 2: "If TEACHER is coded as VGCEJGT,
how will you code HUSBAND"?
T = 20 V= 22
HENCE LOGIC = + 2HENCE LOGIC = + 2
T + 2 = V similar for others
ANSWER ==== JWUDCPF

9. • MEHTOD OF WRITING THE QUESTION
ON PAPER TO SOLVE
• IF QUESTION IS SMALL EG ANALOGY
PROBLEM THEN WRITEPROBLEM THEN WRITE
IN VERTICAL MANNER
M --------------O
P --------------R
T --------------V

10. • IF QUESTION IS LARGE EG CODING
DECODING PROBLEM THEN WRITE
IN HORIZONTAL MANNER
B D F G I K L M N IS CODED AS SMART BOYS
B D F G I K L M N
S M A R T B O Y S

11. TECHNIQUE TO SOLVE
"If TEACHER is coded as TGJECGV, ?
BY THIS EXAMPLE WE WILL LEARN
THE METHOD TO APPROACH THE
CODE GIVEN IN THE QUESTION

12. T E A C H E R
20 5 1 3 8 5 18
T G J E C G V
20 7 10 5 3 7 22

13. • SO WE WE HAVE DETECTED
THE + 2 RULE
BUT IN THE REVERSE
DIRECTIONDIRECTION
BY THE HELP OF WRITING IN THE CODE AND
MEANING PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER

14. • Example 3: "If TEACHER is coded as TGJECGV
how will you code HUSBAND"?
• Here we will the write the code and its
meaning parallel to each other and we find
that meaning is given reversethat meaning is given reverse
so the + 2 rule is detected and + 2 is added
to the alphabetic positions of the letters
Ans = reverse of JWUDCPF ie
final answer === FPCDUWJ

15. • Example 4 ---- If TEACHER is coded as
UGDGMKY then the code for husband?
• the letters are moved + 1, + 2, + 3, +
4, + 5, + 6 positions4, + 5, + 6 positions

16. Type 2 ---REPRESENTATIVE CODING
• THE LETTERS OF THE CODE ARE NOT RELATED
NUMERICALLY
• BUT THEY ARE DIRECTLY REPRESENTED BY
THE LETTERS OF THE MEANINGTHE LETTERS OF THE MEANING
• WE HAVE TO FIND THE POSITION OF LETTERS
AND DIRECTLY WRITE THE LETTERS FROM
THE MEANING OF THE CODE

17. • DIRECT REPRESENTATIVE CODING
•question asked contains•question asked contains
the same letters as given
in the original word

18. • Example 2: If the code of the word
TEACHER is XHDIKHL, what will be the
code of HEAT?
• no relation between the letters of the
word TEACHER and the letters of the
given code
• but the letters of the word HEAT are
already contained in the parent word
TEACHER.
• the code for HEAT will be KHDX---ANS

19. TYPE -3 – POSITION CODING
• THERE IS RELATION OR PATTERN IN
POSITION BETWEEN THE LETTERS
• THE LETTERS CAN ALSO HAVE
NUMERICAL RELATION ALONGNUMERICAL RELATION ALONG
WITH POSITION PATTERN
• WE HAVE DETECT THE PATTERN OF
THE POSITION BY USING VARIOUS
METHODS

20. HOW TO GET THE CODE IN LETTER CODING
• Ø Take the given pair.
•
Ø Write the position of all letters in given pair.
•
Ø Try to find the relation between the position of
the letters of both part of pair.
•
Ø Relation may be related to forward or
backward order.
Ø Implement the same relation on the given
word for required answer.

24. • THE PREVIOUS QUESTION CAN BE SOLVED BY
WRTING THE ALPHABETICAL CODES BELOW
THE LETTER
• HENCE ALPHABETICAL CODES
ARE HELPFUL TO FIND THEARE HELPFUL TO FIND THE
POSITION OF THE LETTERS
ALSO AND GET THE PATTERN

26. • EXAMPLE OF DIRECT CODING -------if
“BEST” is coded as “GAME” then
“MAGE” is coded as ?
-----------use the concept of direct coding
B = G ------E = A ------S = M------T = E
SO MAGE ==== TSBESO MAGE ==== TSBE
• THERE IS NO NUMERICAL RELATION
HENCE LETTERS ARE DIRECTLY COPIED
FROM THE MEANING OF THE GIVEN
CODE

27. NUMBER CODING
• In these question, numerical code
values are given to a word or
viceversa.
• The candidate is required to find
the code depending upon the given
pattern.

29. • SISTER is coded as 535201
• UNCLE is coded as 78960
• NEER ?
• SISTER is coded as 535201
• UNCLE is coded as 78960• UNCLE is coded as 78960
• NEER ?
8001 ===== NEER ----------ANS

30. LOGIC WHEN NUMBER AND LETTERIS
GIVEN
• WRITE THE TARGET WORD WHICH YOU NEED
FROM THE GIVEN PAIR
• FIND THE PATTERN TYPE IE POSITION OR
NUMERICNUMERIC
• USE THE CODES AND GET THE ANSWER

32. SUBSTITUTION CODING
some particular
namesnames
are given to certain
objects

33. •Q.1. If ‘eye’ is called
‘hand’, ‘hand’ is called
‘mouth’, ‘mouth’ is called
‘ear’, ‘ear’ is called‘nose’,
and ‘nose’ is called
‘ear’, ‘ear’ is called‘nose’,
and ‘nose’ is called
‘tongue’. With which of
the following would a
person hear ?

34. (1) eye (2) mouth (3) nose(4) ear (5) tongue
EXPLANATION :
hand- mouth-ear-nose-tongue. Here answer
shouldshould
be ear which is coded from nose.
So, the ans. (3)