This document summarizes key points from Chapter 2 of a firefighter safety and health textbook. It discusses NFPA 1500 standards which specify minimum requirements for firefighter safety programs. These include policies, training, protective equipment, emergency operations, and health considerations. The leading causes of firefighter injuries are overexertion, slips/trips/falls and improper lifting. Maintaining physical fitness, wearing proper PPE, following safety procedures and participating in wellness programs can help reduce risks to firefighter health and safety.
This chapter of the firefighter safety and health textbook discusses key topics related to firefighter safety including:
1. Ways to prevent injuries such as conducting effective training, maintaining discipline, and following safety procedures.
2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards like NFPA 1500 which specify requirements for safety programs, protective equipment, emergency operations and more.
3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations which require employers to provide a safe workplace and comply with safety standards, though OSHA has no jurisdiction over public sector firefighters.
4. Principles of risk management like prioritizing firefighter safety over property and not committing firefighters to unsafe situations.
This document summarizes firefighter safety and health based on NFPA standards. It outlines the types of job-related injuries firefighters may face, including those from the fireground and non-fire emergencies. It also discusses NFPA 1500 as the key standard covering firefighter safety, as well as OSHA regulations. Additionally, it addresses the importance of risk management, safety programs, health awareness, safe vehicle operation, safe apparatus use, injury prevention, tool safety, training safety, scene management, and personnel accountability.
This document summarizes firefighter safety and health guidelines. It outlines 14 learning objectives covering common firefighter injuries and illnesses, NFPA safety standards, OSHA regulations, risk management principles, safety programs, health issues, safe vehicle operation, apparatus safety, injury prevention, tool safety, training safety, emergency scene safety, scene management, and personnel accountability. Safety is essential for firefighters to complete their mission safely and effectively.
ISO-45001 : 2018 _Awareness Training .pdfHananZayed4
This document provides an overview of ISO 45001, an international standard for occupational health and safety (OHS) management systems. It discusses the background and need for OHS management, common causes of work accidents, how organizations are affected by the absence of OHS, and definitions of key terms. The document also describes what ISO 45001 is and is not, the benefits of using it, intended users, and how it relates to other standards. It outlines the high-level structure of an ISO 45001 management system and documentation requirements.
The document discusses process safety and functional safety. It covers topics like hazard and risk assessments, safety instrumented systems (SIS), safety integrity levels (SIL), and the safety lifecycle described in standards like IEC 61511. The purpose of process safety management is to reduce the frequency and severity of chemical accidents by implementing layers of protection that can include inherently safer design, equipment reliability, formal safety assessments, operating procedures, training and emergency response. Functional safety focuses specifically on instrumented safety systems and ensuring safety instrumented functions are designed and maintained to a reliability suitable for their risk reduction purpose.
This document discusses safe moving and handling practices for people. It aims to teach the principles of risk assessment prior to any moving or handling task. Key points covered include understanding relevant legislation, anatomy, risk factors like force and posture, and safe techniques like planning, preparing, positioning, and performing moves. Effective communication and a team approach are also emphasized.
This chapter provides an overview of firefighter training and responsibilities. It discusses the history and culture of firefighting, describing the transition from volunteer firefighting to modern fire departments. The chapter outlines the goals and objectives of firefighter training, including understanding fire department operations, policies and the Incident Command System. It also summarizes the various roles and responsibilities within the fire department, including fire suppression, EMS, technical rescue, fire prevention and training personnel.
This chapter of the firefighter safety and health textbook discusses key topics related to firefighter safety including:
1. Ways to prevent injuries such as conducting effective training, maintaining discipline, and following safety procedures.
2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards like NFPA 1500 which specify requirements for safety programs, protective equipment, emergency operations and more.
3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations which require employers to provide a safe workplace and comply with safety standards, though OSHA has no jurisdiction over public sector firefighters.
4. Principles of risk management like prioritizing firefighter safety over property and not committing firefighters to unsafe situations.
This document summarizes firefighter safety and health based on NFPA standards. It outlines the types of job-related injuries firefighters may face, including those from the fireground and non-fire emergencies. It also discusses NFPA 1500 as the key standard covering firefighter safety, as well as OSHA regulations. Additionally, it addresses the importance of risk management, safety programs, health awareness, safe vehicle operation, safe apparatus use, injury prevention, tool safety, training safety, scene management, and personnel accountability.
This document summarizes firefighter safety and health guidelines. It outlines 14 learning objectives covering common firefighter injuries and illnesses, NFPA safety standards, OSHA regulations, risk management principles, safety programs, health issues, safe vehicle operation, apparatus safety, injury prevention, tool safety, training safety, emergency scene safety, scene management, and personnel accountability. Safety is essential for firefighters to complete their mission safely and effectively.
ISO-45001 : 2018 _Awareness Training .pdfHananZayed4
This document provides an overview of ISO 45001, an international standard for occupational health and safety (OHS) management systems. It discusses the background and need for OHS management, common causes of work accidents, how organizations are affected by the absence of OHS, and definitions of key terms. The document also describes what ISO 45001 is and is not, the benefits of using it, intended users, and how it relates to other standards. It outlines the high-level structure of an ISO 45001 management system and documentation requirements.
The document discusses process safety and functional safety. It covers topics like hazard and risk assessments, safety instrumented systems (SIS), safety integrity levels (SIL), and the safety lifecycle described in standards like IEC 61511. The purpose of process safety management is to reduce the frequency and severity of chemical accidents by implementing layers of protection that can include inherently safer design, equipment reliability, formal safety assessments, operating procedures, training and emergency response. Functional safety focuses specifically on instrumented safety systems and ensuring safety instrumented functions are designed and maintained to a reliability suitable for their risk reduction purpose.
This document discusses safe moving and handling practices for people. It aims to teach the principles of risk assessment prior to any moving or handling task. Key points covered include understanding relevant legislation, anatomy, risk factors like force and posture, and safe techniques like planning, preparing, positioning, and performing moves. Effective communication and a team approach are also emphasized.
This chapter provides an overview of firefighter training and responsibilities. It discusses the history and culture of firefighting, describing the transition from volunteer firefighting to modern fire departments. The chapter outlines the goals and objectives of firefighter training, including understanding fire department operations, policies and the Incident Command System. It also summarizes the various roles and responsibilities within the fire department, including fire suppression, EMS, technical rescue, fire prevention and training personnel.
An industrial hygiene program is critical to environmental, health and safety. A good program can maximize worker health and safety, while a poor program can compromise safety and lead to frustration and confusion. The implementation and ongoing management of your employees' health and safety depends on a well-designed and properly executed industrial hygiene program.
A duty-holder must reasonably consider the likelihood and severity of harm when managing risks. Risk assessment involves considering hazards, the chance of harm occurring, and the number of people affected. Workers and PCBUs have health and safety duties including cooperating on risk control, using personal protective equipment, and following safe work procedures. Safety data sheets provide chemical hazard information to safely handle materials. Site inspections help identify and control workplace hazards.
This document outlines key points about emergency preparedness in the workplace. It discusses determining the likelihood of different emergency types, the minimum requirements for emergency action plans, and training requirements. An emergency action plan is a written document that describes procedures for reporting, evacuating in an emergency, and accounting for all employees. It must include evacuation routes, training for employees' emergency roles and responsibilities, and training whenever the plan changes or employees' responsibilities change. Coordinating emergency plans with local responders is also recommended.
Critical hazard management system hasm presentationAmruta Balekundri
This document discusses fire and explosion hazard management. It describes the fire triangle, which states that fire needs fuel, oxygen and an ignition source. It also discusses 8 critical risk factors that can lower ignition energy or expand flammable ranges. The document outlines controls like purging or containment of fuels, isolation of oxygen sources, and reducing energy levels. It recommends prevention plans for operations using oxygen or introducing ignition sources. The fire and explosion hazard management process involves identifying hazards, assessing risks, controlling risks, evaluating controls, and keeping records. Corporations, supervisors and workers all have roles in training, hazard identification and challenging unsafe work.
IDipOSH 1A4 British Safety Council DiplomaSaharaSneedan
This document discusses risk assessment and outlines the five step process for conducting risk assessments according to the HSE. It defines hazards, risks, and harm, and explains the steps of identifying hazards, evaluating risks, recording findings, and reviewing risk assessments. It also covers evaluating likelihood and severity of risks, controlling risks through the hierarchy of controls, and developing generic and dynamic risk assessments.
This document summarizes ISO 14971, which provides a framework for medical device manufacturers to systematically manage risks. It outlines the risk management process, including risk analysis, evaluation, control, and monitoring effectiveness. Key terms like harm, hazard, risk and risk assessment are defined. Manufacturers must establish a risk management plan and file to document risks identified and ensure traceability of risk control measures.
Murad Sammour is a Jordanian national born in 1978 who currently resides in Dubai, UAE. He has over 10 years of experience in health, safety, and environment management on construction projects. His education includes diplomas in emergency medical services and community-based first aid. Sammour's work experience includes roles as a safety manager, safety officer, and ambulance officer. His responsibilities have involved implementing safety programs, conducting inspections, investigating incidents, and providing emergency first aid. He is skilled in English, Turkish, management, Microsoft Office, and holds an Emirates driving license.
Preparing for Emergencies in an Age of Epidemics, Storms & Workplace ViolenceThomas Benjamin Huggett
Workplace safety issues often develop when employers are faced with external challenges. From last year’s Ebola scare to this year’s measles outbreak to extreme weather events, including snow storms and torrential rains, there are many situations employers need to be prepared to
handle to ensure the safety of their employees. Workplace violence is also an increasing reality, and it is imperative that employers have safeguards and plans in place to respond to and prevent such situations. This panel, comprising of members of Littler’s Workplace Safety Practice Group, will discuss what has been learned from such recent events. Our panel will look to the future and discuss how disruptive forces such as introducing robots into the workplace will present new workplace safety challenges for employers in the workplaces of the near future.
The Fundamentals of HIPAA Privacy & Security Risk ManagementKeySys Health
This document discusses the importance of HIPAA privacy and security risk management. It notes that risk management is a federal requirement and involves conducting risk analyses to identify security vulnerabilities and developing remediation plans. It emphasizes that risk management is an ongoing process due to changing patient environments, technologies, and threats. The document provides an overview of the risk analysis and remediation planning process and stresses the importance of documentation, training, and continual review to ensure compliance.
The document provides guidelines for fall protection when working at heights, including climbing wind turbine towers. It discusses inspecting harnesses and connecting devices for wear, proper usage techniques to minimize fall forces, and safety rules for climbing ladders inside turbine towers without a safety cable. Personnel must be certified and follow all applicable safety policies, and are responsible for inspecting their fall protection equipment and understanding fall clearance calculations to ensure a safe work environment.
This document outlines the steps for developing an effective emergency response and preparedness (ERP) plan. It discusses forming a safety committee, assessing hazards, developing emergency procedures, training staff, and evaluating and updating the plan. Key elements of an ERP include conducting vulnerability assessments, establishing chain of command, training emergency response teams, implementing alarm and communication systems, installing suppression systems, planning evacuations, and designating emergency medical facilities. The goal of an ERP is to minimize impacts of emergencies by protecting lives and property through preparedness and coordinated response.
This document outlines an occupational health and safety management system based on OHSAS 18001. It discusses the benefits of implementing such a system, including reducing risks, accidents, and financial losses. It then describes the key elements of OHSAS 18001, including performing hazard assessments, establishing objectives and procedures, implementing operational controls, and conducting audits and management reviews to ensure continual improvement of health and safety practices. Responsibilities are defined for managers, supervisors, safety representatives, and employees to maintain safe operations.
This document outlines the learning outcomes and content of a Level 2 Core Award in Health, Safety and Fire. It covers key topics like relevant health and safety legislation, risk assessment, control of hazardous substances, emergency procedures, fire safety management, workplace security, and stress management. The aim is to provide information to help employees stay safe while delivering care.
This document provides information on hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA). It defines key terms like hazard, risk, and outlines the HIRA process. The summary is:
1. HIRA involves identifying hazards, assessing risks, and recommending control measures to reduce risks. It is carried out by trained professionals and results in a comprehensive HIRA document.
2. The HIRA process involves listing all workplace activities, identifying associated hazards, evaluating existing controls, rating risks, and recommending additional controls if needed.
3. HIRA covers various areas like management systems, workplaces, equipment, and aims to provide a total understanding of significant hazards to make the workplace safe.
This document discusses occupational health and safety management systems. It outlines the key elements of the ILO-OSH 2001 system as policy, organizing, planning and implementation, evaluation, action for improvement, and audit. It also discusses ISO 45001 standards. Finally, it describes health and safety policies as having three parts - a statement of intent, organizational roles, and arrangements for implementation - and emphasizes the importance of regularly reviewing policies.
The document discusses various topics related to occupational health and safety in engineering:
1. It defines key terms like accident, hazard, risk assessment and discusses the direct and indirect costs of accidents.
2. It covers different types of hazards like physical, chemical and biological hazards and provides examples. Common physical hazards discussed are noise, vibration and manual handling.
3. The document also discusses risk management process, ethical issues for engineers, and the functions and guidelines of the Board of Engineers Malaysia.
This document discusses laws, regulations, and standards that guide fire department incident safety. It outlines several key organizations that develop publications like the NFPA, OSHA, NIOSH, DHS, EPA, and NIST. These publications include standards, codes, laws, and guides. The document specifically discusses how publications like NFPA 1500 and 1521 affect the incident safety officer. It also outlines some of the regulations in OSHA's Title 29 CFR and the 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives developed by the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation to reduce firefighter line-of-duty deaths.
This document provides guidance on creating a comprehensive emergency action plan for workplaces. It discusses standards that require emergency and fire prevention plans, and outlines key elements to include in the plans such as emergency escape procedures, accounting for employees, rescue/medical duties, emergency communications, and fire hazard details. The document also recommends conducting training, identifying internal and external resources, and performing a vulnerability analysis to determine the highest risk emergencies.
PECB Webinar: Occupational Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Con...PECB
The webinar covers:
• OHSAS 18001 Requirements regarding HIRARC
• Methodologies & Development of HIRARC
• Implementation of Risk Control Actions
Presenter:
This webinar was presented by Stephen Lim, Managing Director, Principal Consultant & Trainer of JP Power Horizon, who is also PECB Certified Trainer.
Link of the recorded session published on YouTube: https://youtu.be/Dsw2LPLBv_k
An industrial hygiene program is critical to environmental, health and safety. A good program can maximize worker health and safety, while a poor program can compromise safety and lead to frustration and confusion. The implementation and ongoing management of your employees' health and safety depends on a well-designed and properly executed industrial hygiene program.
A duty-holder must reasonably consider the likelihood and severity of harm when managing risks. Risk assessment involves considering hazards, the chance of harm occurring, and the number of people affected. Workers and PCBUs have health and safety duties including cooperating on risk control, using personal protective equipment, and following safe work procedures. Safety data sheets provide chemical hazard information to safely handle materials. Site inspections help identify and control workplace hazards.
This document outlines key points about emergency preparedness in the workplace. It discusses determining the likelihood of different emergency types, the minimum requirements for emergency action plans, and training requirements. An emergency action plan is a written document that describes procedures for reporting, evacuating in an emergency, and accounting for all employees. It must include evacuation routes, training for employees' emergency roles and responsibilities, and training whenever the plan changes or employees' responsibilities change. Coordinating emergency plans with local responders is also recommended.
Critical hazard management system hasm presentationAmruta Balekundri
This document discusses fire and explosion hazard management. It describes the fire triangle, which states that fire needs fuel, oxygen and an ignition source. It also discusses 8 critical risk factors that can lower ignition energy or expand flammable ranges. The document outlines controls like purging or containment of fuels, isolation of oxygen sources, and reducing energy levels. It recommends prevention plans for operations using oxygen or introducing ignition sources. The fire and explosion hazard management process involves identifying hazards, assessing risks, controlling risks, evaluating controls, and keeping records. Corporations, supervisors and workers all have roles in training, hazard identification and challenging unsafe work.
IDipOSH 1A4 British Safety Council DiplomaSaharaSneedan
This document discusses risk assessment and outlines the five step process for conducting risk assessments according to the HSE. It defines hazards, risks, and harm, and explains the steps of identifying hazards, evaluating risks, recording findings, and reviewing risk assessments. It also covers evaluating likelihood and severity of risks, controlling risks through the hierarchy of controls, and developing generic and dynamic risk assessments.
This document summarizes ISO 14971, which provides a framework for medical device manufacturers to systematically manage risks. It outlines the risk management process, including risk analysis, evaluation, control, and monitoring effectiveness. Key terms like harm, hazard, risk and risk assessment are defined. Manufacturers must establish a risk management plan and file to document risks identified and ensure traceability of risk control measures.
Murad Sammour is a Jordanian national born in 1978 who currently resides in Dubai, UAE. He has over 10 years of experience in health, safety, and environment management on construction projects. His education includes diplomas in emergency medical services and community-based first aid. Sammour's work experience includes roles as a safety manager, safety officer, and ambulance officer. His responsibilities have involved implementing safety programs, conducting inspections, investigating incidents, and providing emergency first aid. He is skilled in English, Turkish, management, Microsoft Office, and holds an Emirates driving license.
Preparing for Emergencies in an Age of Epidemics, Storms & Workplace ViolenceThomas Benjamin Huggett
Workplace safety issues often develop when employers are faced with external challenges. From last year’s Ebola scare to this year’s measles outbreak to extreme weather events, including snow storms and torrential rains, there are many situations employers need to be prepared to
handle to ensure the safety of their employees. Workplace violence is also an increasing reality, and it is imperative that employers have safeguards and plans in place to respond to and prevent such situations. This panel, comprising of members of Littler’s Workplace Safety Practice Group, will discuss what has been learned from such recent events. Our panel will look to the future and discuss how disruptive forces such as introducing robots into the workplace will present new workplace safety challenges for employers in the workplaces of the near future.
The Fundamentals of HIPAA Privacy & Security Risk ManagementKeySys Health
This document discusses the importance of HIPAA privacy and security risk management. It notes that risk management is a federal requirement and involves conducting risk analyses to identify security vulnerabilities and developing remediation plans. It emphasizes that risk management is an ongoing process due to changing patient environments, technologies, and threats. The document provides an overview of the risk analysis and remediation planning process and stresses the importance of documentation, training, and continual review to ensure compliance.
The document provides guidelines for fall protection when working at heights, including climbing wind turbine towers. It discusses inspecting harnesses and connecting devices for wear, proper usage techniques to minimize fall forces, and safety rules for climbing ladders inside turbine towers without a safety cable. Personnel must be certified and follow all applicable safety policies, and are responsible for inspecting their fall protection equipment and understanding fall clearance calculations to ensure a safe work environment.
This document outlines the steps for developing an effective emergency response and preparedness (ERP) plan. It discusses forming a safety committee, assessing hazards, developing emergency procedures, training staff, and evaluating and updating the plan. Key elements of an ERP include conducting vulnerability assessments, establishing chain of command, training emergency response teams, implementing alarm and communication systems, installing suppression systems, planning evacuations, and designating emergency medical facilities. The goal of an ERP is to minimize impacts of emergencies by protecting lives and property through preparedness and coordinated response.
This document outlines an occupational health and safety management system based on OHSAS 18001. It discusses the benefits of implementing such a system, including reducing risks, accidents, and financial losses. It then describes the key elements of OHSAS 18001, including performing hazard assessments, establishing objectives and procedures, implementing operational controls, and conducting audits and management reviews to ensure continual improvement of health and safety practices. Responsibilities are defined for managers, supervisors, safety representatives, and employees to maintain safe operations.
This document outlines the learning outcomes and content of a Level 2 Core Award in Health, Safety and Fire. It covers key topics like relevant health and safety legislation, risk assessment, control of hazardous substances, emergency procedures, fire safety management, workplace security, and stress management. The aim is to provide information to help employees stay safe while delivering care.
This document provides information on hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA). It defines key terms like hazard, risk, and outlines the HIRA process. The summary is:
1. HIRA involves identifying hazards, assessing risks, and recommending control measures to reduce risks. It is carried out by trained professionals and results in a comprehensive HIRA document.
2. The HIRA process involves listing all workplace activities, identifying associated hazards, evaluating existing controls, rating risks, and recommending additional controls if needed.
3. HIRA covers various areas like management systems, workplaces, equipment, and aims to provide a total understanding of significant hazards to make the workplace safe.
This document discusses occupational health and safety management systems. It outlines the key elements of the ILO-OSH 2001 system as policy, organizing, planning and implementation, evaluation, action for improvement, and audit. It also discusses ISO 45001 standards. Finally, it describes health and safety policies as having three parts - a statement of intent, organizational roles, and arrangements for implementation - and emphasizes the importance of regularly reviewing policies.
The document discusses various topics related to occupational health and safety in engineering:
1. It defines key terms like accident, hazard, risk assessment and discusses the direct and indirect costs of accidents.
2. It covers different types of hazards like physical, chemical and biological hazards and provides examples. Common physical hazards discussed are noise, vibration and manual handling.
3. The document also discusses risk management process, ethical issues for engineers, and the functions and guidelines of the Board of Engineers Malaysia.
This document discusses laws, regulations, and standards that guide fire department incident safety. It outlines several key organizations that develop publications like the NFPA, OSHA, NIOSH, DHS, EPA, and NIST. These publications include standards, codes, laws, and guides. The document specifically discusses how publications like NFPA 1500 and 1521 affect the incident safety officer. It also outlines some of the regulations in OSHA's Title 29 CFR and the 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives developed by the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation to reduce firefighter line-of-duty deaths.
This document provides guidance on creating a comprehensive emergency action plan for workplaces. It discusses standards that require emergency and fire prevention plans, and outlines key elements to include in the plans such as emergency escape procedures, accounting for employees, rescue/medical duties, emergency communications, and fire hazard details. The document also recommends conducting training, identifying internal and external resources, and performing a vulnerability analysis to determine the highest risk emergencies.
PECB Webinar: Occupational Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Con...PECB
The webinar covers:
• OHSAS 18001 Requirements regarding HIRARC
• Methodologies & Development of HIRARC
• Implementation of Risk Control Actions
Presenter:
This webinar was presented by Stephen Lim, Managing Director, Principal Consultant & Trainer of JP Power Horizon, who is also PECB Certified Trainer.
Link of the recorded session published on YouTube: https://youtu.be/Dsw2LPLBv_k
Fire Prevention & Protection or Fire Fighting.pptBenounaFert
This document provides information on fire causes, fire triangle/tetrahedron, fire classification, portable fire extinguishers, firefighting rules, and other fire protection systems. The main causes of fire are identified as electrical short circuits, smoking, hot works, and static electricity. It discusses the three elements (oxygen, heat, fuel) needed for combustion. Portable extinguishers are classified by the type of fire they can extinguish such as water, foam, dry chemical powder, CO2. Proper use and maintenance of extinguishers is also covered. Other fire protection methods include detectors, sprinklers, fire hydrants, tenders, and passive protections like compartments.
This document summarizes key aspects of a company's respiratory protection program, including: identifying breathing hazards through risk assessments; selecting the appropriate respirator type based on contaminant and concentration; ensuring proper fit through user seal checks and formal fit testing; and cleaning, inspecting, and storing respirators correctly. Medical evaluations may also be required to ensure the respirator does not exacerbate any health conditions. The summary covers the essential steps for implementing an effective respiratory protection program according to WorkSafeBC regulations.
This document provides information on respiratory protection for disaster site workers. It discusses the importance of respiratory protection when inhaling hazardous particles, gases, vapors or mists. It describes air-purifying respirators (APRs) approved by NIOSH, including limitations and types of APRs. Workers must be medically evaluated, fit tested, and trained before using respiratory protection. Proper use includes inspection, donning, seal checks, doffing, and cleaning procedures.
This document summarizes the major requirements of OSHA's respiratory protection standard 29 CFR 1910.134. It outlines the organization of the standard and key requirements for employers including developing a written program, conducting hazard assessments to select appropriate respirators, implementing medical evaluation and fit testing procedures, training employees, and maintaining records. Employers must ensure respirators are properly used, maintained and that the program is regularly evaluated. The goal is to protect workers by providing respiratory protection when effective engineering controls are not feasible.
This document provides an overview of OSHA's Respiratory Protection Standard 29 CFR 1910.134. It discusses requirements for employer-provided respiratory protection training, elements of a written respiratory protection program, types of respirators including air-purifying and atmosphere-supplying respirators, and fit testing requirements. Key aspects of the standard include selecting appropriate respirators based on hazards, developing a written program with medical evaluation and maintenance procedures, and training employees annually and when conditions change. The goal is ensuring employees required to use respirators are properly protected from airborne contaminants.
This document outlines OSHA's Respiratory Protection Standard which includes requirements for respiratory programs, selection, fit testing, use, maintenance and care of respirators. It defines key terms like employee exposure, respiratory inlet coverings, filtering facepieces, air-purifying respirators, powered air-purifying respirators, and more. It details elements that must be included in a written respiratory protection program, such as medical evaluation, respirator selection, training, and program evaluation. Fit testing requirements are also outlined.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used at hazardous materials incidents, including the types, purposes, advantages and limitations of structural fire-fighting protective clothing, high-temperature protective clothing, chemical-protective clothing, respiratory protection equipment, and the limitations wearers and equipment may face. Specifically, it outlines different types of chemical-protective clothing like liquid-splash and vapor-protective clothing and factors that can reduce the effectiveness of chemical-protective clothing through permeation, chemical degradation and penetration.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) for hazardous materials response. It describes different types of protective clothing including structural firefighting gear, high-temperature suits, and chemical protective clothing. It also covers respiratory protection types and EPA protection levels A-D. The document stresses that no single PPE ensemble protects against all hazards and that climate/health concerns like heat stress must be considered when choosing equipment. Proper training, medical monitoring, and maintenance programs are essential to PPE safety.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) for first responders. It describes the typical components of PPE including respiratory equipment and protective clothing. Structural fire-fighting clothing provides limited protection from hazardous materials while chemical-protective clothing offers more protection but requires additional training. Positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is commonly used but has advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate level of PPE depends on the specific hazardous materials incident and risks involved.
Firefighting is inherently dangerous, requiring strict safety protocols during training, on firegrounds, and at emergency scenes. Firefighters must learn safe methods to confront risks and avoid reckless behavior. They should maintain situational awareness, proper use of PPE like SCBA and turnout gear, and good communication using accountability systems. Hydration, diet, and avoiding smoking are also important to reduce health risks on and off the job. Heart attacks are a leading cause of firefighter deaths.
Promotional examinations originated from the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act which replaced patronage systems with merit-based promotion. A promotional examination is typically a joint effort between a fire department and municipality's human resources section. It may include components like written tests of facts, assessment centers with simulations, and technical skills demonstrations. Candidates should understand the required knowledge, skills, and abilities for the position and develop a personalized study plan that may involve keeping a journal, practicing role-playing scenarios, and preparing presentations. Successful completion of an examination results in placement on an eligibility list for promotion consideration.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
2. 2–2
Chapter 2 Lesson Goal
• After completing this lesson, the student shall be able
to apply FF safety & health practices following the
policies & procedures set forth by FrPD
3. 2–3
Ways to Prevent Injuries
• Conducting effective training
• Maintaining company discipline & accountability
• Following established SOPs
• All ranks in FrPD have a responsibility for safety
(Continued)
4. 2–4
Ways to Prevent Injuries
• Using personal protective
clothing & equipment
• Maintaining high levels of
physical fitness
7. Firefighter Deaths
• 21.7% due to vehicle crashes
• 24.4% to “other” causes
• 53.9% due to stress/overexertion
• Heart attack/cardiac arrest
• An average of 100 FF’s die each year in US
2–7
8. 2–8
NFPA Standards
• Relate to firefighter safety & health
• Consensus documents; not law unless adopted by
governing body
• Many U.S. & Canadian governing bodies have
adopted some NFPA® standards; others have not
9. 2–9
NFPA 1500
• Most comprehensive firefighter safety & health
standard
• Specifies fire department safety & health program
minimum requirements
• Applied to any fire department or similar organization
• Fire departments should:
Recognize safety & health as official objectives
Provide as healthy & safe work environment as possible
(Continued)
12. 2–12
NFPA 1500 Topics
• Emergency operations
• Facility safety
• Medical & physical requirements
• Member assistance & wellness programs
• Critical incident stress management program
13. 2–13
NFPA 1500 — Safety & Health-Related
Policies & Procedures
Fire departments must:
• Develop an organizational plan, risk management
plan, safety & health policy
• Define roles & responsibilities
• Establish safety & health committee
• Keep records
• Appoint a health & safety officer
(Continued)
14. 2–14
NFPA 1500 — Safety & Health-Related
Policies & Procedures
Safety & health program must:
• Address anticipated hazards
• Include provisions for dealing with
nonemergency issues
• Include SOPs
15. 2–15
NFPA 1500 — Training & Education
• Goal must be to prevent occupational deaths, injuries
& illnesses
• Training — Developing & maintaining job skills
• Education — Learning new information, concepts, &
procedures
• Train & educate personnel to consider safety in all
activities
• Safety must be reinforced
(Continued)
16. 2–16
NFPA 1500 — Fire Apparatus,
Equipment, & Driver/Operators
• Safety & health must be primary considerations
for apparatus
Providing restraint devices
Meeting requirements for vehicle’s intended role
• All apparatus driver/operators must be trained
(Continued)
17. 2–17
NFPA 1500 — Fire Apparatus,
Equipment, & Driver/Operators
• Personnel riding in apparatus must be seated &
securely belted inside the cab when in motion
• Three exceptions:
Hose loading
Tiller training
Some EMS operations
(Continued)
18. 2–18
NFPA 1500 — Fire Apparatus,
Equipment, & Driver/Operators
• If noise levels exceed 90 decibels (dB), hearing
protection must be worn
• Exposures above 90 dB can lead to hearing loss
19. 2–19
NFPA 1500 — Protective Clothing &
Protective Equipment
• Departments must
provide at least one set
of protective clothing &
protective equipment
• Protective clothing
Helmet
Hood and/or shroud
Coat
Pants
(Continued)
21. 2–21
NFPA 1500 — Protective Clothing &
Protective Equipment
Protective equipment
• SCBA
• Supplied air respirator (SAR)
• Personal alert safety system (PASS) device
• Other respiratory protection
• Some areas provide body armor for protection against
violence
22. 2–22
NFPA 1500 — Emergency Operations
Requires an incident management system
• Most use ICS
• Risk management
• Personnel accountability
(Continued)
23. 2–23
NFPA 1500 — Emergency Operations
• Limits emergency
operations to those that
can be safely conducted
(Continued)
24. 2–24
NFPA 1500 — Emergency Operations
NFPA 1500 requires
• Rapid intervention
• Rehabilitation
• Limiting exposure to violence
• Post-incident analysis: a general overview & critique of
incident, occurs within 2 wks
• Both NFPA 1500 & NFPA 1561 contain specific
requirements regarding accountability
(Continued)
25. 2–25
NFPA 1500 — Facility Safety
• Sets minimum design requirements that meet NFPA
101, Life Safety Code
• Provides a means for cleaning, disinfecting, & storing
infection control devices
(Continued)
26. 2–26
NFPA 1500 — Facility Safety
• Fire stations must be smoke-free environments (per
Aramco policy)
• Requires inspection, maintenance, & prompt repair of
facilities
27. 2–27
NFPA 1500 — Medical & Physical
Requirements
• Candidates must be medically evaluated
• Prohibits firefighters under the influence from
participating
• Physical performance standards
(Continued)
28. 2–28
NFPA 1500 — Medical & Physical
Requirements
• Annual medical verification for fitness for duty
• Establishment of job-related fitness standards &
fitness program
• Confidential health database
(Continued)
29. 2–29
NFPA 1500 — Medical & Physical
Requirements
• Infection control program
• Designated fire department physician
• Reporting & documenting injuries & exposures
30. 2–30
NFPA 1500 — Member Assistance &
Wellness Programs
• Member assistance program
Substance abuse
Stress
Personal problems
• Wellness program
Smoking Cessation
32. 2–32
IFSTA Principles of Risk Management
— Development
• NFPA 1500 requires incident management systems to
include a risk management plan
• Risk management plan
Established set of criteria
Tactical decisions can be made
(Continued)
33. 2–33
IFSTA Principles of Risk Management
— Development
Considered two well-known plans:
• Phoenix, AZ
• NFPA 1500
35. 2–35
IFSTA Principles of Risk Management
— Key Points
• Team integrity is vital to safety
• No property is worth the life of a FF
• FFs should not be committed to interior operations in
abandoned or derelict buildings known or believed to
be unoccupied
37. 2–37
Fireground Priority
Highest priority is for FFs to protect their lives & those
of their fellow FFs
If a FF is injured, unable to help others, other FFs must
respond to the injured FF
38. 2–38
Safety Program Goals
• Prevent human suffering, deaths, injuries, illnesses, &
exposures to hazardous atmospheres & transmittable
diseases
• Practiced & promoted at all levels in FrPD
(Continued)
39. 2–39
Safety Program Goals
• Prevent damage to or loss
of equipment
• Reduce incidence &
severity of accidents &
hazardous exposures
41. 2–41
Firefighter Health Considerations
• Stay informed about job-related health issues
• Wear PPE & respiratory protection
• Clean PPE
• Follow hepatitis B vaccination recommendations
(Continued)
43. 2–43
Firefighter Health Considerations
• Use lifting tools or get assistance with heavy objects
• Clean, disinfect, & store tools & equipment used in
patient care
• Maintain a regular exercise program
(Continued)
44. 2–44
Firefighter Health Considerations
• Maintain a diet low in cholesterol, fat, & sodium
• Maintain blood pressure & cholesterol levels
• Eliminate tobacco products
• Have regular physicals & checkups
45. 2–45
Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
Offers confidential assistance
• Alcohol and drug abuse
• Personal & interpersonal problems
• Stress
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Divorce
• Financial problems
47. 2–47
Availability of EAP & Wellness
Programs
• Available to all members &
their families
• Include appropriate referrals
• Allow easy, confidential
access to help
(Continued)
48. 2–48
Critical Incident Stress Management
(CISM)
• Process of managing
stress
• A critical incident stress
debriefing should be part
of the CISM program
• Should be held ASAP
after event but not later
than 72 hrs
(Continued)
49. 2–49
Critical Incident Stress Management
(CISM)
• Pre-briefing helps prepare the FF for responding to a
gruesome incident
• If working more than one shift in stressful conditions,
go through a minor debriefing
• Defusing: addresses chemical, medical exposures &
identifies equipment/ apparatus problems
50. 2–50
Riding on the Apparatus
• One of the most common dangers for firefighters
• All protective clothing is put on before (prior) entering
cab
• Everyone is seated before apparatus moves
(Continued)
51. 2–51
Riding on the Apparatus
NFPA 1500 requires
• FFs to ride in a seat within
the cab
• Have seatbelts fastened
(Continued)
52. 2–52
Riding on the Apparatus
• Hearing protection is needed
if sirens & engine noise levels
exceed 90 decibels
(Continued)
53. 2–53
Riding on the Apparatus
• Volunteers responding
in own vehicles should
use defensive driving
• If riding in an
unenclosed jump seat,
use safety bars &
wear appropriate PPE
(Continued)
54. 2–54
Riding on the Apparatus
• Use steps & handrails when
mounting/ dismounting
• If apparatus contacts energized
electrical wires, jump clear of the
apparatus
55. 2–55
Safety in the Fire Station — Personnel
Safety
• Two most common
ways people get hurt
at the fire station:
• Improper Lifting
• Slips, trips, & falls
(Continued)
56. 2–56
Safety in the Fire Station — Personnel
Safety
Improper lifting techniques cause
• Back strains (Most Common)
• Bruises, sprains, & fractures
• Damaged equipment
(Continued)
57. 2–57
Safety in the Fire Station — Personnel
Safety
Correct lifting techniques
• Keep the back straight; lift
with the legs
• Do not lift or carry heavy or
bulky objects without help
(Continued)
58. 2–58
Safety in the Fire Station — Personnel
Safety
Slip, trip, or fall
• Poor footing
• Minor or serious injuries;
damaged equipment
• Good housekeeping can
prevent
59. 2–59
Safety in the Fire Station — Tool and
Equipment Safety
• Accidents can happen if FFs are not properly trained
• Poorly maintained tools & equipment can be
dangerous
• NFPA 1500 stresses tool safety
• Always use appropriate PPE
60. 2–60
Hand and Small Power Tool Safety
• Wear appropriate PPE
• Remove loose clothing & keep long hair clear of
operating tool heads
• Remove jewelry
• Select the appropriate tool
• Follow manufacturer’s instructions
(Continued)
61. 2–61
Hand and Small Power Tool Safety
• Inspect tools before use
• Do not use badly worn or broken tools
• Provide adequate storage space & return tools after
use
• Inspect, clean, & put all tools in a ready state before
storing
(Continued)
62. 2–62
Hand and Small Power Tool Safety
• Consult with manufacturer before modifying any tool
• Use intrinsically safe tools in flammable atmospheres
• Do not remove safety shields or compromise built-in
safety devices
63. 2–63
Power Tool Safety
• Grinders, drills, saws, &
welding equipment are
common
• If improperly used can
cause serious or life-
threatening injury
(Continued)
64. 2–64
Power Tool Safety
• Only FFs who have read & understand manufacturer’s
instructions should use power tools
• Tool repairs must be made by a trained & authorized
person
(Continued)
65. 2–65
Power Tool Safety
• Keep accurate records of
repairs
• Any electrical tool not
marked “double insulated”
should have a three-prong
plug
• Connected to ground
66. 2–66
Power Saw Safety
• Match the saw to the task & material to be cut
• Never force a saw beyond its design limitations
• Wear proper PPE
• Remove loose clothing & contain long hair
(Continued)
67. 2–67
Power Saw Safety
• Have hoselines when cutting materials that generate
sparks
• Avoid using in potentially flammable atmospheres
• Keep bystanders out of work area
• Follow manufacturer’s procedures
(Continued)
68. 2–68
Power Saw Safety
• Allow gasoline-powered saws to cool before refueling
• Keep blades & cutting chains well sharpened
• Use extreme caution when operating any saw above
eye level
69. 2–69
Safety in Training
• Always wear appropriate protective gear
• Refer trainees with symptoms to a physician prior to
participation
• Take into account environmental conditions
(Continued)
71. 2–71
Safety in Training — Live Fire Exercises
• Must be conducted according to NFPA 1403
• Key requirements of NFPA 1403
Site preparation
• Clear site of potential hazards
(Continued)
72. 2–72
Safety in Training — Live Fire Exercises
Key safety requirements of NFPA 1403
• Student-to-instructor ratio of 5:1 may not be exceeded
• Must be a designated safety officer & an instructor-in-
charge
• Cannot use human beings as victims
(Continued)
73. 2–73
Safety in Training — Live Fire Exercises
Key safety requirements of NFPA 1403
• Fires may not be set in egress routes
• Uniforms & PPE must conform to NFPA standards
(Continued)
74. 2–74
Safety in Training — Live Fire Exercises
Key requirements of NFPA 1403
• Prerequisite training — All participants must have had
basic fire training
• Water supply — Adequate supply must be provided;
separate for attack & backup lines
(Continued)
75. 2–75
Safety in Training — Live Fire Exercises
Key requirements of
NFPA 1403
• Training plan — Must be
prepared & a briefing held
(Continued)
Don’t do this!
76. 2–76
Safety in Training — Live Fire Exercises
Key requirements of NFPA 1403
• Fuel — Must have known burning characteristics
• Ventilation — Means must be provided to prevent
uncontrolled flashover & backdraft
77. 2–77
Maintain & Service Equipment
Equipment for fire training
• Must be in good condition
• Frequently wears out sooner
• Should be inspected before each drill
(Continued)
78. 2–78
Maintain & Service Equipment
Records & testing
• Records must be maintained on all equipment for
training
• Training equipment should be tested according to:
Manufacturer’s instructions
Applicable standards
80. 2–80
Actions for Preparedness: Beginning
Work Shift
• Be in the proper uniform, physically rested, & mentally
alert
• Ensure all tools & equipment are in place & working
• Ensure PPE is in proper location
(Continued)
81. 2–81
Actions for Preparedness: Beginning
Work Shift
• Ensure SCBA is fully functional
• Ensure MFR equipment is checked & restocked
82. 2–82
Actions for Preparedness: In the Fire
Station
• FFs must never put themselves in a position to delay
response
• When alarm sounds, stay calm & listen to the officer
• Quickly & calmly mount apparatus
83. 2–83
Actions for Preparedness: Any Stage of
an Emergency
• FFs must never act so they become a part of the
emergency or creates a new one
• We should never be part of the problem
84. 2–84
Emergency Scene Safety
Incident Commander (IC)
Officer of the 1st-arriving unit begins to control incident
by assuming Command & using ICS
(Continued)
85. 2–85
Emergency Scene Safety
Initial IC must size up critical factors
• Life safety hazards
• Nature & extent of emergency
• Building type, arrangement, & access
• Resources
• Special hazards
(Continued)
86. 2–86
Emergency Scene Safety
• IC must determine overall
incident strategy
• Offensive operations:
working inside the hazard
zone
• Defensive operations:
working outside the hazard
zone
(Continued)
Defensive Operations
87. 2–87
Incident Action Plan
• IC develops IAP & bases operations around
completion of tactical priorities
• Tactical priorities in a structure fire
FF safety (Life Safety)
Rescue (Life Safety)
Fire control (Incident Stabilization)
Loss control (Property Conservation)
(Continued)
88. 2–88
Incident Action Plan
• IAP is based on size-up information
• Priority objectives are reflected in benchmarks of
completion:
Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)
All Clear: Primary search complete
Under Control: Fire progress is stopped
Loss Stopped: property conservation complete
89. 2–89
Offensive Fire Operations
• Based around a controlled, aggressive interior search
and fire attack
• Companies must be assigned according to fireground
organizational structure
• Must work with the IAP
(Continued)
90. 2–90
Offensive Fire Operations
• Company members inside hazard zone must be
within contact with each other at all times through:
• Voice (talk)
• Vision (see)
• Physical (touch)
(Continued)
91. 2–91
Offensive Fire Operations
• Companies must have at least one portable radio on
correct tactical channel
• After primary All Clear & Under Control are complete,
efforts must be focused on controlling loss
92. 2–92
Defensive Operations
• Based on:
Determining boundaries of hazard zone
Potential collapse zone
Keeping companies out of these boundaries
• Highest priority on all defensive fires is firefighter
safety
93. 2–93
Minimizing Risks
• Work within the IAP/No freelancing
• Adequately assess the situation & maintain situational
awareness
• Wear appropriate PPE
• Work together as a team
• Follow all departmental SOPs
(Continued)
94. 2–94
Minimizing Risks
• Maintain communications with team members &
Command
• Do a risk/benefit analysis for every action
• Employ safe & effective tactics
• Use a personnel accountability system
(Continued)
95. 2–95
Minimizing Risks
• Have one or more RICs standing by
• Set up Rehab at fires or other incidents
• Use appropriate emergency escape techniques
• Maintain company discipline & team integrity
• Go to rehab as a team
96. 2–96
Highway Incident Guidelines
• Position fire apparatus to
block oncoming traffic
• Turn front wheels of blocking
apparatus away from
emergency
(Continued)
97. 2–97
Highway Incident Guidelines
• Set out traffic cones,
signs, or other devices
to detour traffic
• Turn off lights that
face opposing traffic
• Emergency
responders must
never walk with their
backs to the traffic
(Continued)
98. 2–98
Highway Incident Guidelines
• Wear reflective vests when PPE is not required
• Close at least one traffic lane next to incident
• Move apparatus not directly involved to the shoulder
or off roadway
100. 2–100
Crowd Control
• Usually responsibility of police or security
• Sometimes performed by firefighters or emergency
responders
• IC is responsible for ensuring scene is secured &
managed
(Continued)
101. 2–101
Crowd Control
• Usually done by ISO
• Must be done at all emergencies
• Bystanders should be restrained from getting too
close
People can be emotional
Restrain relatives & friends
102. 2–102
Cordoning Off
• Maintain scene security by cordoning off
• No specific distance established for control zones
Incident size
Hazard involved
• Keep bystanders at a safe distance
• Control zones must be established at all emergency
scenes
(Continued)
104. 2–104
Cordoning Off
• Can be done with rope,
barricades, or caution tape
• Boundary should be monitored
105. 2–105
Personnel Accountability System
• Every department must use
some system of accountability
that tracks personnel in the
hazard zone
• Used at all emergency scenes
(Continued)
106. 2–106
Personnel Accountability System
• Accountability is vital when there is:
Sudden & unexpected change in fire behavior
Structural collapse
• Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) is an
important method for accountability
107. 2–107
Personnel Accountability System
• PAR is a roll-call or report to the IC
• All FF’s are safe & accounted for
• PARs should be taken after:
Changes at the scene
Change of tactics
Evacuations
Building collapse
108. Personnel Accountability System
Passport & SCBA Tag System
• Tags collected by officer
• Tags attached to board
• Board is kept at entry point
• Tags are returned upon exit
of hazard zone
2–108
109. 2–109
Personnel Accountability System
• Lets IC know how many FFs are on scene & where
they are located
• Maintain team integrity
• Useful for sudden changes where FFs can become
trapped or lost
110. 2–110
Interior Operations Techniques
• Scan the outside of the building before entry
• Wear full PPE including SCBA
• Take appropriate tools & equipment
• Maintain team integrity
(Continued)
114. 2–114
Emergency Escape
• Situations can occur when:
Sudden & unexpected change in fire behavior
Structural collapse
• May also be necessary if a FF becomes lost or
disoriented & is in danger of running out of air
115. 2–115
Rapid Intervention
• NFPA standards state that whenever FFs are in an
IDLH atmosphere:
• IDLH: Any atmosphere that poses an immediate
hazard to life or health
• Must work in teams of two or more
• At least two fully trained & equipped FFs must be
outside
(Continued)
116. 2–116
Rapid Intervention
• Outside team must be ready
at a moment’s notice
• Known as the “two-in/two-
out” rule
• RIC members may be
assigned other duties but
must be able to fulfill primary
function
(Continued)
117. 2–117
Summary
• FFs are sometimes put at some risk during training &
emergency operations
• It is the FFs’ responsibility to maintain their physical &
mental readiness to handle these situations
(Continued)
118. 2–118
Summary
• During fires & other emergencies, FFs may be ordered
into inherently dangerous situations
• To protect themselves they must be aware of the
hazards & risks involved
(Continued)
119. 2–119
Summary
• FFs must always remember that along with their
department they are responsible for their own safety
• FFs must remember the most important of all FF
safety rules: Everyone looks out for everyone else