6741 Ch 2 PowerPoint

1. Occupational Safety and Health
for Emergency Services
Fourth Edition
Chapter 2 — Review of Safety-Related Regulations and Standards

2. At the conclusion of this chapter you will be able to:
‣ Discuss the difference between regulations and
standards.
‣ Discuss the concept of standard of care.
‣ List and discuss federal regulations that have an
impact on emergency responder safety and health
programs.
‣ Describe the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration’s General Duty Clause.
Objectives

3. ‣ List and discuss the major National Fire Protection
Association standards that have an impact on
emergency responder occupational safety and
health programs.
‣ Discuss the role of related regulations and standards
and their safety and health implications.
Objectives

4. Introduction
‣ Six of the 16 Fire Fighter Life Safety Initiatives relate to
regulations and standards
‣ National standards for training, qualifications, and certification
for all fire fighters
‣ National medical and physical fitness standards
‣ National standards for emergency response policies and
procedures
‣ National protocols for response to violent incidents
‣ Advocacy must be strengthened for enforcement of codes
‣ Make safety a primary consideration in the design of apparatus
and equipment

5. Regulations Versus Standards (1 of 2)
‣ Regulations:
‣ Carry the weight of law
‣ Mandatory in their requirements
‣ Entire collection of federal regulations
‣ Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) regulations (Title 29 CFR)
‣ Some states have adopted federal laws

6. Regulations Versus Standards (2 of 2)
‣ Standards:
‣ Sometimes known as consensus standards
‣ Do not mandate compliance
‣ Created by a group of professionals
‣ National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
‣ Publishes standards
‣ Recommended practices and codes
‣ Outline the mandatory provisions

7. Standard of Care
‣ Each responder must perform in the same way as
another reasonable person with the same training and
equipment
‣ Not a static concept
‣ Changes with:
‣ New technologies
‣ Regulations, standards, and procedures
‣ Publication of a safety standard

8. Occupational Safety and Health
Administration Regulations
‣ OSHA regulations affect emergency services health and
safety
‣ Confined space
‣ Respiratory protection
‣ Hazardous waste operations
‣ Bloodborne pathogens
‣ No direct enforcement authority
‣ States may opt in
‣ Currently 27 states or territories have OSHA plans

9. OSHA 1910.146 (29 CFR 1910.146)
Permit-Required Confined Spaces
‣ Definition of a confined space:
‣ Limited or restricted means
for entry or exit
‣ Not designed for continuous
employee occupancy
‣ Requirements include:
‣ Written plans
‣ Atmosphere monitoring
‣ Notification
‣ Equipment
Courtesy of Anthony Zannini.

10. OSHA 1910.134 (29 CFR 1910.134)
Respiratory Protection (1 of 2)
‣ Control of occupational
diseases caused by breathing
contaminated air
‣ Prevent atmospheric
contamination
‣ Employers must provide
respirators
‣ Two-in/two-out rule Courtesy of James Angle.

11. OSHA 1910.134 (29 CFR 1910.134)
Respiratory Protection (1 of 2)
Reproduced
from:
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Standards
1910.134,
OSHA

12. OSHA 1910.120 (29 CFR 1910.120)
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
(HAZWOPER)
‣ Covers emergency response operations to releases of, or
substantial threats of, hazardous substances
‣ Written program required
‣ Must be available to all employees
‣ Other requirements
‣ Personal protective equipment
‣ Training levels
‣ The necessary personnel for an incident

13. OSHA 1910.156 (29 CFR 1910.156)
Fire Brigades
‣ Regulation applies to:
‣ Fire brigades
‣ Industrial fire departments
‣ Private or contractual-type fire departments
‣ Public fire departments in states that have adopted it
‣ Contains requirements for:
‣ Organization
‣ Training
‣ Personal protective equipment

14. OSHA 1910.1030 (29 CFR 1910.1030)
Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
‣ Eliminate or minimize occupational
exposures
‣ Work practice controls
‣ Personal protective clothing and
equipment
‣ Training
‣ Medical surveillance
‣ Vaccinations
‣ Signs and labels

15. OSHA General Duty Clause
‣ Each employer must provide a workplace free of
recognized hazards
‣ Violation of the General Duty Clause
‣ Employer failed to keep the workplace free of a hazard
‣ Hazard was recognized
‣ Hazard was causing or was likely to cause death or serious
injury
‣ There was a feasible and useful method to correct the
hazard

16. NFPA Standards
‣ NFPA 1500 in 1987
‣ Need to establish minimum performance criteria
‣ Additional safety- and health-related standards
‣ 1500 series
‣ Infection control
‣ Fire department safety officers
‣ Medical requirements
‣ Incident management systems

17. NFPA 1500, Standard for Fire Department
Occupational Safety and Health Program (1 of 2)
‣ Essential elements
‣ Rescue
‣ Fire suppression
‣ EMS
‣ Hazardous materials operations
‣ Special operations
‣ Related emergency services activities
‣ Accepted throughout the emergency field

18. NFPA 1500, Standard for Fire Department
Occupational Safety and Health Program (2 of 2)
Courtesy
of
James
Angle.

19. NFPA 1521, Standard for Fire Department
Safety Officer

20. Other NFPA Standards (1 of 3)
‣ NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident
Management System
‣ NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department Infection
Control Program
‣ NFPA 1582, Standard on Comprehensive Occupational
Medical Program for Fire Departments
‣ NFPA 1583, Standard on Health-Related Fitness
Programs for Fire Department Members

21. Other NFPA Standards (2 of 3)
‣ NFPA 1584, Standard on the Rehabilitation Process for
Members During Emergency Operations and Training
Exercises
‣ NFPA 1710, Standard for the Organization and
Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency
Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public
by Career Fire Departments
‣ NFPA 1720, Standard for the Organization and
Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency
Medical Operations, and Special Operations to the Public
by Volunteer Fire Departments

22. Other NFPA Standards (3 of 3)
‣ 47 additional standards are referenced in NFPA 1500
‣ 5 are from the NFPA 1500 series
‣ Other 42 affect safety and health from additional
standpoints
‣ Apparatus specifications
‣ Live fire training requirements
‣ Performance requirements for protective clothing

23. American National Standards Institute
‣ National voluntary standard-making organization
‣ Standards relate to performance of personal
protective equipment
‣ Developed in response to other regulations and
standards

24. ASTM International
‣ Formerly known as the American Society for Testing
and Materials
‣ Develops standards for materials, products, and
services
‣ Consensus organization from various disciplines

25. Environmental Protection Agency
‣ Promulgated standard 40 CFR 311
‣ Mirrors the OSHA HAZWOPER document
‣ Impacts non-OSHA states

26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
‣ Published information on:
‣ HIV transmission
‣ Anthrax and other biochemical agents
‣ Radiation emergencies
‣ Publishes informational documents that deal with
responder safety and emergency medical operations

27. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
‣ Part of the CDC
‣ Primary mission is reducing work-related injuries and
illnesses
Ryan White AIDS Resources Emergency Act of 1990, Subtitle B
‣ Requires employers to designate an infection control officer
‣ Medical facilities must notify employees after exposure takes
place

28. Fire Fighter Autopsy Protocol
‣ Designed to help understand causes of fire fighter death
‣ More thorough documentation
‣ Improved
‣ Safety and health equipment
‣ Procedures
‣ Standards
‣ Determination of death benefit eligibility
‣ Increased interest among fire fighters