2.3.3 emergency methods of evacuating casualties
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This document outlines methods for evacuating casualties without equipment. It discusses assessment of the situation, safety precautions, and various one-man and two-man evacuation techniques. The techniques are based on factors like the victim's state, injuries, weight, and available manpower. Rescuers must properly assess each situation and choose techniques that ensure safety for both the victim and rescuers.
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The document provides safety guidelines for operating a Stryker ambulance cot. It summarizes the cot specifications, manufacturer warnings, proper techniques for loading and unloading a cot from an ambulance with one or two operators, and safe practices for moving a cot with a patient. Key safety points include using restraint straps, not leaving patients unattended, engaging safety locks, and always having two operators for loading/unloading a cot with a patient.
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The document discusses In-Place Protection (IPP) which is staying indoors and taking precautions to protect oneself if chemical, biological, or radiological contaminants are accidentally or intentionally released.
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Essential items needed for IPP include masking tape, scissors, trash bags, radio and batteries. Optional items are a flashlight, non-perishable food, bottled water, and a cell phone.
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This document provides instructions for constructing various improvised stretchers using materials commonly available at an emergency scene. It discusses the need for improvised stretchers when standard collapsible stretchers are unavailable or inaccessible. Five types of improvised stretchers are described: rolled blanket stretcher, blanket and two poles stretcher, belt or shirt and two poles stretcher, chair stretcher, and hammock stretcher. Safety precautions for constructing and using improvised stretchers are also outlined.
3.1.1 unconventional threats
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2. It also provides guidelines for identifying parcel or letter bombs, such as excessive postage or packaging, and chemical and biological threats including nerve agents, blood agents, and viruses.
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The document discusses the 9 classes of hazardous materials (hazmat) according to the UN classification system. It provides details on the general properties and hazards associated with each class. Class 1 covers explosives, Class 2 covers gases, Class 3 covers flammable liquids, Class 4 covers flammable solids, Class 5 covers oxidizing agents, Class 6 covers toxic and infectious substances, Class 7 covers radioactive substances, Class 8 covers corrosive substances, and Class 9 covers miscellaneous hazmat. Understanding the hazards of each class helps emergency responders take appropriate protective measures during a hazmat incident.
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2. A first aid kit contains essential supplies like bandages, antiseptics, gloves, and splints.
3. Common injuries and illnesses requiring first aid include fainting, nosebleeds, wounds, fractures, and burns.
4. Proper first aid techniques include controlling bleeding, preventing infection, immobilizing injuries, and seeking further help if needed.
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Casualty lifting is the first step of casualty movement, an early aspect of emergency medical care. It is the procedure used to put the casualty (the patient) on a stretcher.
Developed emergency services use lifting devices, such as scoop stretchers, that allow secured lifting with minimal personnel. Other methods (explained below) can be used when such devices are not available.
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Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
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2.3.3 emergency methods of evacuating casualties
- 2. • Understand assessment of situation and safety precautions associated with evacuating different casualties • Be able to practice such techniques correctly • Demonstrate safety precautions while executing these rescue techniques OBJECTIVES
- 3. • Introduction • Assessment of Situation • Precautionary Actions • 1-Man Evacuation Methods • 2-Man Evacuation Methods • Questions and Answers • Conclusion SCOPE
- 4. • State of Victim • Type of Injury • Availability of Manpower • Distance and Route A decision making process that allows the incident commander to gather information, examine all relevant factors and develop appropriate strategies. ASSESMENT OF SITUATION
- 5. • Commence search at the greatest point of survival Top to Bottom GENERAL GUIDELINES
- 6. • Ensure proper posture while executing rescue manoeuvres. • Don appropriate protective gears at all times • Handle the casualty with care as they are fragile • Ensure all rescue equipments are in hand before rescue SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
- 7. • Rescue helmet and gloves to be worn at all times • Smart 4 rolled down to Long 4 • Ensure all surrounding hazards are cleared before approaching for victim for rescue RESCUE PRELIMINARIES
- 8. • Make sure hands are tucked into the belt and legs are crossed RESCUE PRELIMINARIES
- 10. • Evacuation of casualty of similar or heavier weight FORE METHOD
- 11. • Casualty is of light weight • No spinal/back injuries • This method is not recommended to be performed by cadets FIREMAN’S LIFT
- 12. • Casualty must be of light weight relative to rescuer • No spinal/back injuries THE CRADLE
- 13. • Casualty is conscious and able to hang on • Casualty must be of light weight relative to rescuer PICK-A-BACK
- 14. • Casualty is too heavy to lift. • Only to be used as a last resort. BACKWARD DRAG
- 15. • Casualty is able to walk with assistance HUMAN CRUTCH
- 16. PRACTICAL
- 17. TWO MAN RESCUE
- 18. • Casualty is unable to walk FORE & AFT METHOD
- 19. • Casualty is able to walk with assistance DOUBLE HUMAN CRUTCH
- 20. • Not suitable for unconscious casualty • Casualty is too heavy for one rescuer to handle 2-HANDED SEAT
- 21. • Casualty has one injured leg • Not suitable for unconscious casualty 3-HANDED SEAT
- 22. 4-HANDED SEAT • Casualty is needed to be carried • Casualty is too heavy for one rescuer to handle • Not suitable for unconscious casualty
- 23. PRACTICAL
- 24. With proper rescueWith proper rescue procedures and safetyprocedures and safety precautions, a speedy rescueprecautions, a speedy rescue will be able to save the liveswill be able to save the lives of those trapped within theof those trapped within the rubble of a disaster.rubble of a disaster. CONCLUSION
Editor's Notes
- State of Victim E.g. conscious, unconscious, weight Type of Injury E.g. Leg fracture, spinal injury etc. Availability of Manpower E.g. Number of Rescuers Distance and Route E.g. Upslope etc
- Have a slide before this on casualty prep.
- Put a note about this method is not performed by the cadets Will not be assessed
- May not be suitable for casualty with chest injuries.