This document provides information about eukaryotic cells, specifically liver cells. It includes a diagram labeling the structures of a liver cell, including the ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, and nucleus. The functions of each structure are also annotated. Comparisons are made between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as plant and animal cells. The roles of extracellular components in plant and animal cells are also outlined.

1. Topic 2.3 - Eukaryotic Cells
2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram to show the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an
animal cell.
2.3.2 Annotate the diagram with the functions of each named structure.
• The ribosomes are the main site for protein synthesis. The proteins made by free ribosomes can
be used inside the cell.
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum is the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with
ribosomes. The proteins made in these ribosomes are packaged in the rough ER (rER) and are
usually sent outside of the cell.
• A lysosome uses hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules.
• The Golgi apparatus receives many of the products of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and it
modifies them. Later these proteins are transported to other destinations in packages of membrane.
• A mitochondrion is the site of cellular respiration.
• The nucleus contains the DNA which controls and contains the genotype for the cell.
2.3.3 Identify structures in electron micrographs of liver cells.
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2. 2.3.4 Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells
Naked DNA DNA associated with proteins
DNA in cytoplasm DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelope
No mitochondria mitochondria
70s ribosomes 80s ribosomes
No membrane-bound organelles Have internal membranes that compartmentalize
functions
Smaller cells (Size: 1 - 10 µm ) Larger cells (Size: 2 - 1000 µm )
2.3.5 State three differences between plant and animal cells.
• Plant cells contain a cell wall while animal cells do not.
• Plant cells have chloroplasts while animal cells do not.
• Most animal cells do not contain large central vacuoles while most plant cells do.
2.3.6 Outline two roles of extracellular components.
• The plant cell wall contains maintains the cell shape, preventing excessive water uptake and holds
the whole plant up against the force of gravity.
• Animal cells secrete glycoproteins that form the extracellular matrix. This functions in support,
adhesion and movement.
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