Uploaded byEslam Sherbeeny
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The document discusses different types of capacitors and their applications including energy storage, smoothing, filtering, and coupling. It also covers capacitor calculations, testing, and component identification. The document then discusses inductors and their applications in filtering and other circuits. It covers transformers, switches, relays, contactors, circuit breakers, fuses, breadboards, semiconductors, and PN junctions. Finally, it discusses different types of diodes and their applications in rectification and clipping circuits.
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- 8. TT= 5*τ τ= RC CAPACITOR
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- 17. Capacitor Application • Energystoring • Smoothing • Ac coupling/dc blocking • Decoupling /bybass • High-pass filters • low-pass filters
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- 30. F = FREQUENCY C=CAPACITANCE OHM 2πF=ω CAPACITOR REACTANCE
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- 46. Series / parallel Series Lt=L1 +L2 +L3 +…….+Ln PARELL Lt=1/L1 + 1/L2 +1/L3 +….+1/Ln
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- 65. TRANSFORMER A transformer isan electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. Faraday's law of induction discovered in 1831 described this effect. Transformers are used to increase or decrease the alternating voltages in electric power applications.
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- 68. Switches Mechanical Switch UseFor Connect Or Disconnect Circuit Point
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- 71. Relay A relay isan electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays.
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- 73. solid-state relay A solid-staterelay (SSR) is an electronic switching device that switches on or off when a small external voltage is applied across its control terminals. SSRs consist of a sensor which responds to an appropriate input (control signal), a solid- state electronic switching device which switches power to the load circuitry.
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- 75. Contactor A contactor issimilar to a relay except with higher current ratings and a few other differences!!! Coil volt Over,load addition.
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- 78. circuit breaker isan automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current, typically resulting from an overload or short circuit. Circuit breaker
- 79. fuse fuse is anelectrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit including the source of power and the load.
- 80. Fuse wire rating (A) CuWire diameter (mm) 3 0.15 5 0.20 10 0.35 15 0.50 20 0.60 25 0.75 30 0.85 45 1.25 60 1.53 80 1.8 100 2.0 fuse
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- 82. Thermal fuses A thermalfuse is often found in consumer equipment such as coffee makers, hair dryers or transformers powering small consumer electronics devices.
- 83. BREADBOARD A breadboard isa construction base for prototyping of electronics.Because it does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit design. For this reason, solderless breadboards are also extremely popular with students and in technological education.
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- 86. semiconductor A semiconductor materialhas an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as copper, and an insulator, such as glass. Their resistance decreases as their temperature increases.
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- 88. Semiconductor Doping In semiconductorproduction, doping is the intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor for the purpose of modulating its electrical properties. ndoping This involves substituting Si by neighboring elements that contribute excess electrons. For example, small amounts of P or As can substitute Si. Since P/As have 5 valence electrons, they behave like Si plus an extra electron. This extra electron contributes to electrical conductivity, and with a sufficiently large number of such dopant atoms, the material can displays metallic conductivity.
- 89. Semiconductor Doping p dopingThis involves substituting Si by neighboring atom that has one less electron than Si, for example, by B or Al. The substituent atom then creates a “hole” around it, that can hop from one site to another. The hopping of a hole in one direction corresponds to the hopping of an electron in the opposite direction. Once again, the dominant conduction process is because of the dopant.
- 90. P-n junction A diodeis a device which only allows unidirectional flow of current if operated within a rated specified voltage level.
- 91. The depletion regionis formed from a conducting region by removal of all free charge carriers, leaving none to carry a current. P-n junction
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- 94. Diode A diode isa device which only allows unidirectional flow of current if operated within a rated specified voltage level. A diode only blocks current in the reverse direction while the reverse voltage is within a limited range otherwise reverse voltage is blow breakdown voltage.
- 95. Diode V out= Vin-0.7V out= 0.7 v
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- 103. Clamper A clamper isan electronic circuit that fixes either the positive or the negative peak excursions of a signal to a defined value by shifting its DC value. The clamper does not restrict the peak-to-peak excursion of the signal, it moves the whole signal up or down so as to place the peaks at the reference leve
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