This document discusses improving battery life for devices with multiple radio interfaces through more efficient idle mode and paging operations. It proposes standardized message primitives to enable: paging elimination by waking one radio to contact another; paging aggregation across radios; location updates over connected radios; aggregated location updates; and coordinated idle mode entry across radios. The presentation argues 802.21 could define such primitives to optimize low power multi-radio operations and improve performance for users and networks.
Modem = modulator + demodulator.
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PLCC system uses the same High Voltage transmission line connecting
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PLCC: A promising futuristic technology!!!.. still in India we do not use it due to many reasons.... because PLCC, Power Line Carrier Communication, is an approach to utilize the existing power lines for the transmission of information.
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Dear friends,
This ppt is created by me on "power line career communication".
It would certainly helpful to you.
your sincerly
RAMANAND SAGR
emai- silverramanand@gmail.com
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) is a communication method that uses electrical wiring to simultaneously carry both data and electric power. This makes power line communication one of the best means for networking. It is also known as power line carrier, power line digital subscriber line (PDSL), mains communication, power line telecommunications, or power line networking (PLN).
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PLCC system uses the same High Voltage transmission line connecting
two sub-stations for telecommunication purpose too.
PLCC is used in all power utilities as a primary communication service to transmit speech, telemetry and protection tripping commands. This is economic and reliable for inter grid message transfer as well as low bit rate RTU signals.
The voice/data are mixed with radio frequency carrier (40-500kHz), amplified to a level of 10-80W RF power and injected in to high voltage power line using a suitable coupling capacitor. The power line as a rigid long conductor parallel to ground, guides the carrier waves to travel along the transmission line. Point to point communication takes place between two SSB transceivers at both ends.
PLCC: A promising futuristic technology!!!.. still in India we do not use it due to many reasons.... because PLCC, Power Line Carrier Communication, is an approach to utilize the existing power lines for the transmission of information.
Presentation on power line career communication by ramanand sagarRamanand Sagar
Dear friends,
This ppt is created by me on "power line career communication".
It would certainly helpful to you.
your sincerly
RAMANAND SAGR
emai- silverramanand@gmail.com
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) is a communication method that uses electrical wiring to simultaneously carry both data and electric power. This makes power line communication one of the best means for networking. It is also known as power line carrier, power line digital subscriber line (PDSL), mains communication, power line telecommunications, or power line networking (PLN).
Adaptive configuration of traffic channel power offset for hsupaKetut Widya
The offset of E-DPDCH power relative to DPCCH RX power is one of the major factors that determine the DPCCH RX power. A UE in low-rate little retransmission state requires less DPCCH RX power than it does in high-rate little retransmission state.
In this file, the fundamentals of wireless networks(WN) are discussed. The slides start with a review of the protocol architecture and building blocks. they follow with new challenges brought about by wireless communications. The design of different layers are then examined and discussed. The remaining parts are allocated to description and consideration of special characteristics of WN such as mobility modeling, congestion control etc.
SOLECTEK KM 10Gbps PTP link microwave long range by info tech middle eastAli Shoaee
SOLECTEK KM Series
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240MHz XPIC
• Two Dual-Transceiver radios on one side (side by side, single mount)
• Special branching circuit to combine all signals.
• One single-pol antenna – direct mount up to 6FT antennas
• Data and header compression – allows up to 20% increase in capacity
• Link Capacity will reach almost 10Gbps.
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21 06-0701-00-0000-media independent idle mode and paging
1. IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER
DCN: 21-06-0701-00-0000-Media-Independent_IdleMode-andpaging
Title: Media Independent Idle Mode and Paging
Date Submitted: May, 2006
Presented at IEEE 802.21 session #15 San Diego
Authors or Source(s):
Muthiah Venkatachalam
Abstract: This presentation talks about the concept of paging in
multi-radio environment.
1
2. IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements
This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working
Group. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the
contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this
document is subject to change in form and content after further study.
The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw
material contained herein.
The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to
incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications
thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in
the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may
include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to
permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE
Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts
that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.21.
The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in
Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual <
http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3> and in
Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development
http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html>
2
4. Overview
•So far the focus of 802.21 has been primarily handovers.
– Vertical handover is something that needs to be addressed in the
context of multi radio networking.
•Multi radio operation does not stop with handovers!
– Host of other issues for multi radio operations exist.
– Many of these could be better solved by means of standardized
primitives.
•We talk about another key multi radio networking issue
– How best to extend the battery life of a multi radio MS
4
5. Extending battery life..
•Most radio technologies define low power modes for power
saving and extending the battery life.
– Commonly called “idle mode”
•When the MS does not have any traffic on a radio interface for
a period of time, the interface may switch to “idle mode” from
“connected mode”
– Switch may happen from the MS or from the network.
•Once in idle mode,
– the radio of the MS is typically tracked at a granularity of a
“paging group” or a “tracking area”, comprising of multiple
BS/APs.
– the radio has to listen to Downlink transmissions for a certain
amount of time periodically, so that the network may be able to
contact the MS
•In a multi radio environment, the MS may have multiple radios
– Each radio may be in “connected” or “idle” states
5
6. Key operations during idle mode
•Location Update
– When the radio of the MS crosses a paging group, it performs
location update
– Location Updates keep the network updated on the location of the
MS
•Paging
– When there is incoming packets for the MS on its idle radio
interface, the network may choose to “page” the MS.
– Paging is typically initiated by a paging controller that has the
latest location of the MS.
– Paging would involve contacting multiple BS/APs in the paging
group to locate the BS/AP where the MS is currently present.
•Idle mode exit: switch back to connected mode, happens
when
– When the MS wants to transmit data on the uplink on the given
radio,
– or when the MS is paged and wants to get back to connected
mode.
6
7. Power saving at the MS
•If the MS is guaranteed that it will be paged on one
(or a subset) of the radios all the time, then
– It can periodically listen to the downlink transmissions only
on this radio.
– It can switch off the other radios.
•May lead to considerable power saving at the MS
•For example: MS has WiMAX and 3G interfaces, and
– the MS knows that it will always be paged on WiMAX
– The MS would not need to listen to the 3G downlink
transmissions periodically.
7
8. Paging-elimination
•Scenario
–
–
–
User is browsing on the WiFi
interface
User gets a voip call on the WiMAX
interface.
WiMAX network needs to page the
user
•Instead of paging the user on the
WiMAX airlink and spending
considerable resources, the WiMAX
network:
–
–
Determines if any other radio is
currently on for the user
Eliminates paging by sending a
unicast message on WiFi to turn on
the WiMAX radio.
•Need standard compliant message
primitives to do so.
8
9. Paging-aggregation
•Page on a single idle radio to wake up
multiple idle radios.
•Need standard compliant message
primitives to do so.
9
10. Location Update via “connected” radio
•User has WiFi connection that is
currently active and WiMAX
connection that is idle.
•WiMAX radio needs to do a
location update
–
Instead of contending on the
WiMAX airlink, it uses the WiFi
radio to perform location update
for its WiMAX radio
•Need standard compliant message
primitives to do so.
10
11. Aggregated Location Update
•If the PGs are overlapping,
perform a single LU operation for
multiple radios.
•Minimizes messaging and
processing at the MS
•Need standard compliant message
primitives to do so.
11
12. Idle mode entry
•Scenario: Multiple radios are
switched to idle mode
–
For example: when the user
takes a break, his WiMAX,
WiFi and 3G connections may
go into idle mode
•IM Entry for radios i, j , k
happens on radio-i.
•Need standard inter-radio
message primitives to do so.
12
13. Summary
•Standards based multi radio primitives for idle mode will help
– Save power at the MS
– Reduce signaling, processing and contentions
– Improve performance for the user and cost savings for the
operator
•802.21 can take a first step here to move the industry toward
an integrated framework for low power mode of multi-radio
operation
– By studying the issues more closely
– By defining the primitives for such a framework
•Vertical radio standard bodies can then use these primitives to
optimize the low power operation in the multi radio scenario.
13