This document provides the specification for high tensile steel bars used in prestressed concrete. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, chemical composition, sizes, tolerances, physical properties including tensile strength, proof stress and elongation. It also describes the testing methods for these properties, including tensile testing and constant strain relaxation testing. Finally, it specifies the sampling and criteria for conformity, delivery, inspection, and required testing facilities.
This document is the Indian Standard Specification for plain hard-drawn steel wire for prestressed concrete. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, supply, and testing of steel wire used in prestressed concrete. Some key points:
- The wire must be cold drawn from steel produced by various processes like open hearth or basic oxygen process. The steel composition limits sulfur and phosphorus.
- Wires have nominal diameters between 2.5-8 mm. Tolerances on diameter are specified.
- Physical requirements include minimum tensile strengths specified for each diameter wire. Wire must also meet elongation, relaxation, and stress corrosion requirements.
- Manufacturing process involves cold drawing rods to size, stress relie
The document outlines the requirements for nine grades of hot rolled low, medium, and high tensile structural steel according to the Indian Standard 2062:2006. It specifies chemical composition limits and mechanical properties for each grade. It also describes testing requirements, including tensile testing, bend testing, and impact testing to ensure the steel meets specifications. Defect and freedom from defect standards are provided as well as permissible variations in chemical analysis and testing positions.
This document is the Indian Standard Specification for Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars and Hard-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement. It outlines requirements for mild steel and medium tensile steel reinforcement bars in round and square sections. The standard covers physical and mechanical properties of the bars, methods for testing, welding requirements, and provides definitions for key terminology. It aims to standardize specifications for reinforcement bars used in concrete structures in India.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for steel cylinder pipes with concrete lining and coating. It provides requirements for the pipes in three main sections:
1. General specifications including scope, references, classifications based on test pressure, dimensions, workmanship, defects and marking.
2. Specifications for the steel cylinder including materials, design, manufacture and hydrostatic testing.
3. Specifications for the concrete lining and coating including materials, thickness, manufacture, mixing and application. It provides minimum requirements for reinforcement, cement content, compressive strength, water-cement ratio, lining and coating thickness and cover.
The document is the Indian Standard specification for hard-drawn steel wire for use as reinforcement in concrete. It outlines the requirements and tests for the wire including:
- The wire must be cold-drawn from mild steel and have less than 0.05% sulfur and phosphorus content.
- Wire sizes range from 2.65 to 10 mm in diameter.
- Tolerances on diameter are +/- 1%.
- Tensile strength must be at least 570 MPa, yield strength must be at least 480 MPa, and elongation must be at least 7.3%.
- Wire must pass a reverse bend test without fracturing.
- Testing requirements include tensile tests and bend
This document provides specifications for reinforced concrete poles used for overhead power and telecommunication lines. It outlines materials, design requirements, manufacturing process, testing procedures, sampling, inspection and marking. Some key points:
- Concrete poles must be at least 6m long and maximum 9m, in 0.5m increments. Depth of planting depends on pole length, from 1.2m to 1.5m.
- Reinforcement bars and wires must meet specifications. Concrete minimum grade is M25.
- Poles are designed to withstand specified wind loads without failure. Transverse strength must be at least 1/4 of required strength in line direction.
- Manufacturing involves accurate reinforcement placement, proper cover
The document provides information about open web girder and soil testing projects. It discusses the key steps in fabricating an open web girder, including templating, manufacturing masters and jigs, cutting materials, jig filling, assembly, inspection, metalizing, and welding. It also summarizes various soil testing procedures like sieve analysis, compaction testing, shear testing, and Atterberg limits testing to classify soil types. The document appears to be a project report submitted by a student detailing their study of open web girder fabrication and common soil testing methods used in civil engineering projects.
This document is the Indian Standard for steel tubes, tubulars, and other steel pipe fittings. It outlines requirements for various steel pipe fittings including sockets, tubulars, elbows, tees, crosses, and other welded or seamless fittings. The standard specifies material composition limits, manufacturing processes, dimensional requirements for different fitting types, and testing methods. It is intended to ensure quality and consistency for steel pipe fittings used in water, gas, air and steam applications in India.
This document is the Indian Standard Specification for plain hard-drawn steel wire for prestressed concrete. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, supply, and testing of steel wire used in prestressed concrete. Some key points:
- The wire must be cold drawn from steel produced by various processes like open hearth or basic oxygen process. The steel composition limits sulfur and phosphorus.
- Wires have nominal diameters between 2.5-8 mm. Tolerances on diameter are specified.
- Physical requirements include minimum tensile strengths specified for each diameter wire. Wire must also meet elongation, relaxation, and stress corrosion requirements.
- Manufacturing process involves cold drawing rods to size, stress relie
The document outlines the requirements for nine grades of hot rolled low, medium, and high tensile structural steel according to the Indian Standard 2062:2006. It specifies chemical composition limits and mechanical properties for each grade. It also describes testing requirements, including tensile testing, bend testing, and impact testing to ensure the steel meets specifications. Defect and freedom from defect standards are provided as well as permissible variations in chemical analysis and testing positions.
This document is the Indian Standard Specification for Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars and Hard-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement. It outlines requirements for mild steel and medium tensile steel reinforcement bars in round and square sections. The standard covers physical and mechanical properties of the bars, methods for testing, welding requirements, and provides definitions for key terminology. It aims to standardize specifications for reinforcement bars used in concrete structures in India.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for steel cylinder pipes with concrete lining and coating. It provides requirements for the pipes in three main sections:
1. General specifications including scope, references, classifications based on test pressure, dimensions, workmanship, defects and marking.
2. Specifications for the steel cylinder including materials, design, manufacture and hydrostatic testing.
3. Specifications for the concrete lining and coating including materials, thickness, manufacture, mixing and application. It provides minimum requirements for reinforcement, cement content, compressive strength, water-cement ratio, lining and coating thickness and cover.
The document is the Indian Standard specification for hard-drawn steel wire for use as reinforcement in concrete. It outlines the requirements and tests for the wire including:
- The wire must be cold-drawn from mild steel and have less than 0.05% sulfur and phosphorus content.
- Wire sizes range from 2.65 to 10 mm in diameter.
- Tolerances on diameter are +/- 1%.
- Tensile strength must be at least 570 MPa, yield strength must be at least 480 MPa, and elongation must be at least 7.3%.
- Wire must pass a reverse bend test without fracturing.
- Testing requirements include tensile tests and bend
This document provides specifications for reinforced concrete poles used for overhead power and telecommunication lines. It outlines materials, design requirements, manufacturing process, testing procedures, sampling, inspection and marking. Some key points:
- Concrete poles must be at least 6m long and maximum 9m, in 0.5m increments. Depth of planting depends on pole length, from 1.2m to 1.5m.
- Reinforcement bars and wires must meet specifications. Concrete minimum grade is M25.
- Poles are designed to withstand specified wind loads without failure. Transverse strength must be at least 1/4 of required strength in line direction.
- Manufacturing involves accurate reinforcement placement, proper cover
The document provides information about open web girder and soil testing projects. It discusses the key steps in fabricating an open web girder, including templating, manufacturing masters and jigs, cutting materials, jig filling, assembly, inspection, metalizing, and welding. It also summarizes various soil testing procedures like sieve analysis, compaction testing, shear testing, and Atterberg limits testing to classify soil types. The document appears to be a project report submitted by a student detailing their study of open web girder fabrication and common soil testing methods used in civil engineering projects.
This document is the Indian Standard for steel tubes, tubulars, and other steel pipe fittings. It outlines requirements for various steel pipe fittings including sockets, tubulars, elbows, tees, crosses, and other welded or seamless fittings. The standard specifies material composition limits, manufacturing processes, dimensional requirements for different fitting types, and testing methods. It is intended to ensure quality and consistency for steel pipe fittings used in water, gas, air and steam applications in India.
IS 2062(2011) Seventh Revision: Hot rolled medium and high tensile structural...rajguptanitw
This Indian Standard (Seventh Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Wrought Steel Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical
Engineering Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1962 and revised in 1969, 1975, 1984, 1992, 1999 and 2006. While reviewing
this standard, in the light of experience gained during these years, the Committee decided to revise it to bring
in line with the present practices being followed by the Indian steel industry, both in the integrated as well as
secondary sectors. The Committee further decided to harmonize the standard with the overseas standards on
carbon-manganese and high strength low alloy (HSLA) of structural steels.
In this revision, the following changes have been made:
a) Title has been modified and the word ‘low’ has been deleted, keeping in view the grades of steel
contained in the standard. Requirements of low tensile structural steel are covered in IS 15911 : 2010
‘Structural steel (ordinary quality) — Specification’.
b) Amendment No. 1 has been incorporated with suitable modifications.
c) Number of basic grades has been changed to nine. A new grade of E275, in line with European Standard,
has been incorporated to take care of the requirements of medium tensile structural steels in the
construction segment. Moreover, for each grade two to four sub-qualities have been introduced,
depending upon the grade, where sub-qualities A, BR, B0 and C, in line with other international standards,
indicate the mode of killing and impact test requirements.
d) The clause on ‘Manufacture’ has been modified, where the scope is suitably widened to include
different steel making and rolling practices in vogue.
e) Silicon content of semi-killed steel has been clearly specified.
For all the tests specified in this standard (chemical/physical/others), the method as specified in relevant
ISO Standard may also be followed as an alternate method.
While revising the standard, assistance has been derived from the following international specifications:
ASTM A 36 : 2008 Specification for structural steel
ASTM A 572 : 2007 Specification for high-strength low-alloy columbium-vanadium structural steel
EN 10025-2 : 2004 Hot rolled products of structural steels
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in
the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for precast concrete pipes with and without reinforcement. It outlines the classification, materials, design requirements, and testing procedures for concrete pipes used for water mains, sewers, culverts and irrigation. The standard provides details on the classification of pipes into different classes based on their intended use and ability to withstand certain test pressures. It also specifies requirements for cement, aggregates, reinforcement, concrete/mortar mix proportions, and rubber rings used in pipe joints. The design section provides guidelines on reinforcement layout and quantity to satisfy strength requirements under test pressures.
This document provides specifications for hard-drawn steel wire fabric used for concrete reinforcement. It defines key terms, specifies the material and manufacturing requirements, and sets tolerances. There are two types of fabric - oblong and square mesh. Dimensions include mesh size, weight, and wire diameters. Sheets and rolls have specified widths and lengths to fit construction modules. Mass is calculated based on the steel density, and actual mass is determined by weighing samples.
Visual examination is the most commonly used non-destructive testing method for inspecting welds. It involves directly or indirectly observing the exposed surfaces of welds and base metals. Proper lighting of at least 1000 Lux is needed. Various aids like mirrors, telescopes and cameras can be used. Key factors in visual inspection are the condition of the inspector's eyes, their understanding of the inspection situation, and being objective. The document discusses visual inspection guidelines and acceptance standards from codes like ASME and AWS, as well as common weld defects.
This document provides a draft revision to the Indian Standard specification for hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel. Some key changes in the revision include:
1) The title has been modified and the word 'low' has been deleted to reflect the grades of steel covered.
2) Nine grades of steel are now specified, with some grades having two to four sub-qualities indicating impact test requirements and deoxidation method.
3) The manufacturing clause has been modified to allow for different steelmaking and rolling practices.
4) Requirements have been aligned with international standards like EN and ASTM to make the Indian standard more comparable globally.
This document outlines testing procedures for evaluating the strength, deformation, and cracking of autoclaved cellular concrete flexural members under short duration bending loads. Key points:
- Test specimens should be full-size structural members to be used in construction.
- Members are simply supported and loaded at third points using steel plates to distribute the load evenly.
- Loads, deflections at mid-span, strains, and crack widths are measured.
- Members are loaded until cracking occurs or a prescribed load is reached to evaluate strength, deformation, and cracking behavior under short term bending loads.
Presentation on steel, fabrication & erection Munger Ganga BridgeAshish Kumar Yadav
Presentation on Steel Fabrication work and Erection of girder by Cantilever erection method.
One of the largest bridge in India (Bridge Length 3.690 Km)
Similar Bridge 1. Patna- Sonpur (Digha Bridge) across the river Ganga, Bihar
2. Bogibeel across river Brahmaputra in Assam
This document provides specifications for steel hex cap screws, bolts, and studs with minimum tensile strengths of 120 ksi, 105 ksi, and 90 ksi. It specifies requirements for materials, manufacture, dimensions, mechanical properties, ordering information, and protective coatings. Key requirements include heat treatment involving quenching and tempering, chemical composition limits, hardness testing between Rockwell C 56-63, and tensile testing to specified proof loads. The standard covers hex cap screws, bolts, and studs in diameters from 1/4 to 3 inches for general engineering applications.
This document provides the specification for prestressed concrete poles used in overhead power transmission and telecommunication lines. It outlines various definitions related to pole design loads and failure conditions. It specifies requirements for materials like cement, aggregates, prestressing steel, and concrete strength. It also describes design considerations such as minimum depth of planting, transverse strength, and load factors. The document outlines manufacturing requirements including placement of reinforcement, prestressing, curing, and earthing. It specifies tests to be conducted during and after manufacture along with sampling and inspection criteria.
This document provides specifications for concrete vibrating tables. It outlines requirements for materials, design, size, capacity and motive power of vibrating tables. Tables are designated by their length and breadth in meters and have minimum capacities of 0.5, 1 or 1.5 tonnes depending on their size. Materials must meet relevant Indian standards and tables can be powered by an eccentric rotor, engine, pneumatic power or electromagnetic pulsators. The document establishes performance testing methods and ensures tables effectively compact concrete in molds.
industrial training report on composite girder and aggregate testingganesh sharma
The document summarizes Ganesh Shanker's summer training project report from June 20th to July 15th, 2016 at the Bridgeworkshop of North Eastern Railway in Gorakhpur. The project involved the design of a 12.2m span composite girder (welded type) and aggregate testing. The report details the fabrication process of the girder including layout, marking, welding inspections, assembly, drilling, riveting and painting. It also describes the aggregate testing process and includes sieve analysis, water absorption, impact and shape tests.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures in India. It covers materials, concrete mix design, placement, curing, formwork, joints, and testing. The code aims to ensure durability, strength, impermeability and uniformity of concrete structures. It establishes requirements for cement, aggregates, water, admixtures and reinforcement to be used. It also provides guidelines for mixing, placing, compacting, curing concrete and constructing joints.
This document provides guidelines for essential variables that determine the qualification range of a welding procedure specification in accordance with AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code - Steel. It summarizes the qualification ranges for position, thickness/diameter, base metal selection, preheat requirements, joint details, heat input, and welding processes. The guidelines specify the testing parameters and qualified ranges for groove welds, fillet welds, plate and pipe configurations.
This document provides unit weights for various building materials and stored materials. It contains 3 tables: Table 1 lists unit weights of individual building materials alphabetically, ranging from acoustical materials to timber. Table 2 lists unit weights of building parts/components such as ceilings, floors, and walls. The Appendix lists unit weights of stored materials including agricultural products, chemicals, fuels, metals and textiles. The document aims to provide weight information to aid in structural design calculations for dead loads in buildings.
The document describes an experimental study on the flexural behavior of cold-formed steel beams with and without stiffeners. Four cold-formed steel beams were fabricated with a depth of 150mm and thickness of 1mm or 2mm. One hot-rolled steel beam (ISMB 150) was also tested for comparison. The beams were subjected to four-point bending tests. The results showed that adding stiffeners significantly improved the strength and stiffness of beams made from 2mm thick steel, but not as much for beams made from 1mm thick steel due to higher susceptibility to local buckling. Beams made from 2mm thick steel with stiffeners exhibited stiffness comparable to the hot-rolled beam in initial loading.
STUDY ON BOND MECHANISM OF PSWC BARS WITH CONCRETEShoaib Wani
PSWC- Plain surface with wave-type configuration, a rebar for durable concrete construction at zero cost addition and much more. The yield strength & the bond strength of HYSD bars > plain round mild steel straight bars. The durability issues related to the use of HYSD bars in RCC & problems of early distress.
Early corrosion due to the provision of surface protrusions in HYSD bars for achieving the higher bond strength.
Alternative solution : A new type of reinforcing steel bar (named as PSWC-bar) with normal plain round surface and deformed axis is proposed.
STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF RIB CONFIGURATION ON BOND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN ...Shoaib Wani
To conduct pull out test as per IS 2770-1967 (Methods of testing bond in reinforced concrete –part 1 pull out test ) to assess the bond strength development between concrete and steel rebar.
Pull-out test was conducted on:
Mild steel bar
HYSD –parallel ribbed bar
HYSD – diamond ribbed bar
IRJET- Behaviour of Cold Form Steel under Point Loading & Statically Defi...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analytical and experimental study on the behavior of cold-formed steel (CFS) channel sections under point loading. Finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS to analyze CFS channel sections with various stiffener configurations. Experimental testing was also performed on CFS channel sections with and without stiffeners. The results found that CFS channel sections with rectangular stiffeners and lips had the highest load carrying capacity and lowest deformation compared to other section configurations based on both analytical and experimental analysis. In particular, the rectangular stiffened CFS channel section with a 30mm lip was found to have a load carrying capacity of 42.25kN and deformation of 3.06mm from experimental testing.
This document is the Indian Standard for high strength deformed steel bars and wires used for concrete reinforcement. It specifies the requirements for various grades of reinforcing bars and wires, including their chemical composition, manufacturing process, mechanical properties, and bonding characteristics. The standard allows for bars and wires produced via various manufacturing routes, including hot rolling with or without controlled cooling, and cold working. It defines terms, sets limits for chemical composition, and provides requirements for mechanical properties, deformation patterns, and bond strength.
The document provides details about the fabrication of an open web girder for a railway bridge project. It discusses the salient features of the girder such as its dimensions and loading specifications. It also includes flow charts of the fabrication process and details various inspection methods used during welding and assembly to ensure quality. Trial assembly was conducted at the workshop by first selecting an assembly site and erecting necessary facilities before assembling the girder components using drifts and bolts and measuring its camber.
This document provides the specifications for plain hard drawn steel wire intended for use in prestressed concrete. It outlines the following key points:
- The wire shall be cold drawn from steel produced via various processes to contain less than 0.05% sulfur and phosphorus.
- Nominal diameters shall be 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm, or 5.0 mm within specified tolerances.
- The wire must meet minimum tensile strength requirements and have a proof stress of at least 75% of the tensile strength.
- It must pass reverse bend tests without fracturing to demonstrate adequate ductility.
The document also describes manufacturing requirements, permissible defects, testing methods and sampling procedures to
The document is the Indian Standard Specification for High Strength Deformed Steel Bars and Wires for Concrete Reinforcement. It outlines the requirements and testing procedures for steel reinforcement bars in three strength grades (Fe 415, Fe 500, Fe 550). Key points include:
- The standard covers manufacturing process, chemical composition limits, mechanical properties, and surface characteristics/deformations required for adequate bond with concrete.
- Steel bars must meet requirements for carbon, sulfur, phosphorus and mechanical properties depending on the specified strength grade.
- Deformations on the bar surface are specified as a minimum projected rib area to ensure adequate bond capacity.
- Bars can be manufactured by hot rolling followed by optional cooling/cold working
IS 2062(2011) Seventh Revision: Hot rolled medium and high tensile structural...rajguptanitw
This Indian Standard (Seventh Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Wrought Steel Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical
Engineering Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1962 and revised in 1969, 1975, 1984, 1992, 1999 and 2006. While reviewing
this standard, in the light of experience gained during these years, the Committee decided to revise it to bring
in line with the present practices being followed by the Indian steel industry, both in the integrated as well as
secondary sectors. The Committee further decided to harmonize the standard with the overseas standards on
carbon-manganese and high strength low alloy (HSLA) of structural steels.
In this revision, the following changes have been made:
a) Title has been modified and the word ‘low’ has been deleted, keeping in view the grades of steel
contained in the standard. Requirements of low tensile structural steel are covered in IS 15911 : 2010
‘Structural steel (ordinary quality) — Specification’.
b) Amendment No. 1 has been incorporated with suitable modifications.
c) Number of basic grades has been changed to nine. A new grade of E275, in line with European Standard,
has been incorporated to take care of the requirements of medium tensile structural steels in the
construction segment. Moreover, for each grade two to four sub-qualities have been introduced,
depending upon the grade, where sub-qualities A, BR, B0 and C, in line with other international standards,
indicate the mode of killing and impact test requirements.
d) The clause on ‘Manufacture’ has been modified, where the scope is suitably widened to include
different steel making and rolling practices in vogue.
e) Silicon content of semi-killed steel has been clearly specified.
For all the tests specified in this standard (chemical/physical/others), the method as specified in relevant
ISO Standard may also be followed as an alternate method.
While revising the standard, assistance has been derived from the following international specifications:
ASTM A 36 : 2008 Specification for structural steel
ASTM A 572 : 2007 Specification for high-strength low-alloy columbium-vanadium structural steel
EN 10025-2 : 2004 Hot rolled products of structural steels
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in
the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for precast concrete pipes with and without reinforcement. It outlines the classification, materials, design requirements, and testing procedures for concrete pipes used for water mains, sewers, culverts and irrigation. The standard provides details on the classification of pipes into different classes based on their intended use and ability to withstand certain test pressures. It also specifies requirements for cement, aggregates, reinforcement, concrete/mortar mix proportions, and rubber rings used in pipe joints. The design section provides guidelines on reinforcement layout and quantity to satisfy strength requirements under test pressures.
This document provides specifications for hard-drawn steel wire fabric used for concrete reinforcement. It defines key terms, specifies the material and manufacturing requirements, and sets tolerances. There are two types of fabric - oblong and square mesh. Dimensions include mesh size, weight, and wire diameters. Sheets and rolls have specified widths and lengths to fit construction modules. Mass is calculated based on the steel density, and actual mass is determined by weighing samples.
Visual examination is the most commonly used non-destructive testing method for inspecting welds. It involves directly or indirectly observing the exposed surfaces of welds and base metals. Proper lighting of at least 1000 Lux is needed. Various aids like mirrors, telescopes and cameras can be used. Key factors in visual inspection are the condition of the inspector's eyes, their understanding of the inspection situation, and being objective. The document discusses visual inspection guidelines and acceptance standards from codes like ASME and AWS, as well as common weld defects.
This document provides a draft revision to the Indian Standard specification for hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel. Some key changes in the revision include:
1) The title has been modified and the word 'low' has been deleted to reflect the grades of steel covered.
2) Nine grades of steel are now specified, with some grades having two to four sub-qualities indicating impact test requirements and deoxidation method.
3) The manufacturing clause has been modified to allow for different steelmaking and rolling practices.
4) Requirements have been aligned with international standards like EN and ASTM to make the Indian standard more comparable globally.
This document outlines testing procedures for evaluating the strength, deformation, and cracking of autoclaved cellular concrete flexural members under short duration bending loads. Key points:
- Test specimens should be full-size structural members to be used in construction.
- Members are simply supported and loaded at third points using steel plates to distribute the load evenly.
- Loads, deflections at mid-span, strains, and crack widths are measured.
- Members are loaded until cracking occurs or a prescribed load is reached to evaluate strength, deformation, and cracking behavior under short term bending loads.
Presentation on steel, fabrication & erection Munger Ganga BridgeAshish Kumar Yadav
Presentation on Steel Fabrication work and Erection of girder by Cantilever erection method.
One of the largest bridge in India (Bridge Length 3.690 Km)
Similar Bridge 1. Patna- Sonpur (Digha Bridge) across the river Ganga, Bihar
2. Bogibeel across river Brahmaputra in Assam
This document provides specifications for steel hex cap screws, bolts, and studs with minimum tensile strengths of 120 ksi, 105 ksi, and 90 ksi. It specifies requirements for materials, manufacture, dimensions, mechanical properties, ordering information, and protective coatings. Key requirements include heat treatment involving quenching and tempering, chemical composition limits, hardness testing between Rockwell C 56-63, and tensile testing to specified proof loads. The standard covers hex cap screws, bolts, and studs in diameters from 1/4 to 3 inches for general engineering applications.
This document provides the specification for prestressed concrete poles used in overhead power transmission and telecommunication lines. It outlines various definitions related to pole design loads and failure conditions. It specifies requirements for materials like cement, aggregates, prestressing steel, and concrete strength. It also describes design considerations such as minimum depth of planting, transverse strength, and load factors. The document outlines manufacturing requirements including placement of reinforcement, prestressing, curing, and earthing. It specifies tests to be conducted during and after manufacture along with sampling and inspection criteria.
This document provides specifications for concrete vibrating tables. It outlines requirements for materials, design, size, capacity and motive power of vibrating tables. Tables are designated by their length and breadth in meters and have minimum capacities of 0.5, 1 or 1.5 tonnes depending on their size. Materials must meet relevant Indian standards and tables can be powered by an eccentric rotor, engine, pneumatic power or electromagnetic pulsators. The document establishes performance testing methods and ensures tables effectively compact concrete in molds.
industrial training report on composite girder and aggregate testingganesh sharma
The document summarizes Ganesh Shanker's summer training project report from June 20th to July 15th, 2016 at the Bridgeworkshop of North Eastern Railway in Gorakhpur. The project involved the design of a 12.2m span composite girder (welded type) and aggregate testing. The report details the fabrication process of the girder including layout, marking, welding inspections, assembly, drilling, riveting and painting. It also describes the aggregate testing process and includes sieve analysis, water absorption, impact and shape tests.
This document provides the code of practice for general construction of plain and reinforced concrete for dams and other massive structures in India. It covers materials, concrete mix design, placement, curing, formwork, joints, and testing. The code aims to ensure durability, strength, impermeability and uniformity of concrete structures. It establishes requirements for cement, aggregates, water, admixtures and reinforcement to be used. It also provides guidelines for mixing, placing, compacting, curing concrete and constructing joints.
This document provides guidelines for essential variables that determine the qualification range of a welding procedure specification in accordance with AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code - Steel. It summarizes the qualification ranges for position, thickness/diameter, base metal selection, preheat requirements, joint details, heat input, and welding processes. The guidelines specify the testing parameters and qualified ranges for groove welds, fillet welds, plate and pipe configurations.
This document provides unit weights for various building materials and stored materials. It contains 3 tables: Table 1 lists unit weights of individual building materials alphabetically, ranging from acoustical materials to timber. Table 2 lists unit weights of building parts/components such as ceilings, floors, and walls. The Appendix lists unit weights of stored materials including agricultural products, chemicals, fuels, metals and textiles. The document aims to provide weight information to aid in structural design calculations for dead loads in buildings.
The document describes an experimental study on the flexural behavior of cold-formed steel beams with and without stiffeners. Four cold-formed steel beams were fabricated with a depth of 150mm and thickness of 1mm or 2mm. One hot-rolled steel beam (ISMB 150) was also tested for comparison. The beams were subjected to four-point bending tests. The results showed that adding stiffeners significantly improved the strength and stiffness of beams made from 2mm thick steel, but not as much for beams made from 1mm thick steel due to higher susceptibility to local buckling. Beams made from 2mm thick steel with stiffeners exhibited stiffness comparable to the hot-rolled beam in initial loading.
STUDY ON BOND MECHANISM OF PSWC BARS WITH CONCRETEShoaib Wani
PSWC- Plain surface with wave-type configuration, a rebar for durable concrete construction at zero cost addition and much more. The yield strength & the bond strength of HYSD bars > plain round mild steel straight bars. The durability issues related to the use of HYSD bars in RCC & problems of early distress.
Early corrosion due to the provision of surface protrusions in HYSD bars for achieving the higher bond strength.
Alternative solution : A new type of reinforcing steel bar (named as PSWC-bar) with normal plain round surface and deformed axis is proposed.
STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF RIB CONFIGURATION ON BOND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN ...Shoaib Wani
To conduct pull out test as per IS 2770-1967 (Methods of testing bond in reinforced concrete –part 1 pull out test ) to assess the bond strength development between concrete and steel rebar.
Pull-out test was conducted on:
Mild steel bar
HYSD –parallel ribbed bar
HYSD – diamond ribbed bar
IRJET- Behaviour of Cold Form Steel under Point Loading & Statically Defi...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analytical and experimental study on the behavior of cold-formed steel (CFS) channel sections under point loading. Finite element analysis was conducted using ANSYS to analyze CFS channel sections with various stiffener configurations. Experimental testing was also performed on CFS channel sections with and without stiffeners. The results found that CFS channel sections with rectangular stiffeners and lips had the highest load carrying capacity and lowest deformation compared to other section configurations based on both analytical and experimental analysis. In particular, the rectangular stiffened CFS channel section with a 30mm lip was found to have a load carrying capacity of 42.25kN and deformation of 3.06mm from experimental testing.
This document is the Indian Standard for high strength deformed steel bars and wires used for concrete reinforcement. It specifies the requirements for various grades of reinforcing bars and wires, including their chemical composition, manufacturing process, mechanical properties, and bonding characteristics. The standard allows for bars and wires produced via various manufacturing routes, including hot rolling with or without controlled cooling, and cold working. It defines terms, sets limits for chemical composition, and provides requirements for mechanical properties, deformation patterns, and bond strength.
The document provides details about the fabrication of an open web girder for a railway bridge project. It discusses the salient features of the girder such as its dimensions and loading specifications. It also includes flow charts of the fabrication process and details various inspection methods used during welding and assembly to ensure quality. Trial assembly was conducted at the workshop by first selecting an assembly site and erecting necessary facilities before assembling the girder components using drifts and bolts and measuring its camber.
This document provides the specifications for plain hard drawn steel wire intended for use in prestressed concrete. It outlines the following key points:
- The wire shall be cold drawn from steel produced via various processes to contain less than 0.05% sulfur and phosphorus.
- Nominal diameters shall be 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm, or 5.0 mm within specified tolerances.
- The wire must meet minimum tensile strength requirements and have a proof stress of at least 75% of the tensile strength.
- It must pass reverse bend tests without fracturing to demonstrate adequate ductility.
The document also describes manufacturing requirements, permissible defects, testing methods and sampling procedures to
The document is the Indian Standard Specification for High Strength Deformed Steel Bars and Wires for Concrete Reinforcement. It outlines the requirements and testing procedures for steel reinforcement bars in three strength grades (Fe 415, Fe 500, Fe 550). Key points include:
- The standard covers manufacturing process, chemical composition limits, mechanical properties, and surface characteristics/deformations required for adequate bond with concrete.
- Steel bars must meet requirements for carbon, sulfur, phosphorus and mechanical properties depending on the specified strength grade.
- Deformations on the bar surface are specified as a minimum projected rib area to ensure adequate bond capacity.
- Bars can be manufactured by hot rolling followed by optional cooling/cold working
This document outlines standards for mild steel and medium tensile steel bars used for concrete reinforcement. It specifies requirements for chemical composition, sizes, tolerances, defects, and physical properties including ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. Tests include tensile testing and bend testing according to described procedures. Bars are classified into mild steel Grade I and II, and medium tensile steel, with specified minimum mechanical property requirements for each type and size.
This document provides guidelines for welding mild steel plain and deformed bars used for reinforced concrete construction. It specifies various welding processes that can be used, including flash butt welding, manual metal-arc welding, oxy-acetylene welding, gas pressure welding, and thermit welding. It also provides requirements for welding equipment, electrodes, filler rods, welder qualifications, joint preparation, and inspection of welds. The guidelines are intended to help ensure welds meet minimum strength requirements for reinforced concrete applications.
This document provides the specification for precast reinforced concrete door and window frames. It outlines the requirements for the shape and dimensions of frames, acceptable materials, manufacturing process, and curing. Frames can be single-piece or assembled from separate vertical and horizontal members. Reinforcement is required and specifications are provided for concrete mix design, aggregates, and curing. Tolerances and options for decorative finishes are also included. The specification is intended to provide guidance for manufacturers and users of precast concrete door and window frames.
This document outlines specifications for precast concrete coping blocks. It specifies requirements for materials used in manufacturing coping blocks such as cement, aggregates, additives, and concrete strength. It also provides dimensions and tolerances for the cross-section and length of coping blocks. The specifications are intended to ensure coping blocks effectively prevent water penetration, direct water away from walls, resist displacement forces, allow for movement, and provide durability.
This document provides the specification for reinforced concrete fence posts according to Indian Standard IS:4996-1984. It outlines the materials, manufacturing process, shape and dimensions, and fixing of fencing wires for reinforced concrete fence posts. Some key points include:
- Cement, water, aggregates and reinforcement materials must meet standards specified.
- Posts are to be manufactured through mixing, placing and compacting concrete to be dense and free of voids.
- Reinforcement is to be properly positioned and anchored with minimum concrete cover requirements.
- Posts must cure for a minimum of 7 days and achieve a strength threshold before handling.
- Dimensions and tolerances are provided, with recommendations for line, strainer
This document provides the specification for copper in the form of refinery shapes. It specifies the grades, chemical composition, physical properties, dimensions, masses and tolerances for various types of copper including cathode copper, electrolytic tough pitch copper, fire refined high conductivity copper, and others. The document outlines test methods for determining chemical composition and electrical resistivity. It provides tables listing copper grades and their associated refinery shape forms, tolerances for dimensions of horizontally cast wire bars, and limits for chemical composition and electrical resistivity.
This document provides the specification for concrete masonry units including hollow and solid concrete blocks. It defines key terms, specifies dimensions and tolerances for blocks, and classifies blocks into different grades based on their density and compressive strength. The standard aims to promote the use of concrete masonry in construction by specifying requirements for different types of blocks to allow for load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls as well as other applications.
This document provides the specifications for precast reinforced concrete street lighting poles. It outlines the materials, design considerations, testing requirements and more. Some key points:
- Poles must be a minimum of 5.2m in length, with mounting heights of at least 4m and planting depths of at least 1.2m.
- Concrete grade shall be at minimum M20. Reinforcement can be mild steel, medium tensile steel or deformed steel bars.
- Poles shall be designed to resist a maximum bending moment from loads like wind pressure and the weight of fixtures applied 600mm below the light source.
- Testing includes determining the ultimate transverse load at which the pole fails under a load
The document provides specifications for an apparatus used to measure the length change of hardened cement paste, mortar, and concrete. It describes the construction, dimensions, materials, and markings required for a length comparator, which uses a micrometer to measure the change in length of specimens against a reference bar. The length comparator consists of an adjustable frame that holds either a screw or dial micrometer and allows measurement of specimens of different lengths.
This document provides the procedure for conducting a bend test on metallic materials. It specifies the test equipment, test pieces, and testing methods. The bend test involves bending a test piece to a specified angle or achieving parallelism of the legs. It can be done using supports and a mandrel, a V-block and mandrel, or a clamp. The test piece dimensions depend on the material thickness and width. The test is generally done at room temperature and the bent piece is examined to evaluate the material's ability to undergo plastic deformation during bending.
This document is the Indian Standard for prestressed concrete pipes and specials. It lays out requirements and specifications for two types of prestressed concrete pipes - prestressed concrete cylinder pipes and prestressed concrete non-cylinder pipes. It covers materials, dimensions, tolerances, design criteria, testing procedures, and other technical details for the manufacture and use of these pipes. The standard was originally published in 1959 and revised in 1978 and 2001, with the latest revision incorporating modifications to design aspects, inclusion of design examples and inspection procedures, and an increased diameter range for the pipes.
This document provides the specifications for concrete porous pipes used for under drainage. It outlines the materials, shapes and dimensions, manufacturing requirements, and testing procedures for such pipes. Key points include:
- Cement must conform to Indian Standards IS 269 or IS 455, or high alumina cement if required. Aggregates must pass a 20mm sieve and be retained on a 4.75mm sieve.
- Pipes can have uniform diameters and thicknesses with butt ends, or rebated/ogee ends for joints. Dimensions and tolerances are provided in tables.
- Manufacturing must result in accurate dimensions. Non-porous inverts may be included.
- Tests include a load
This document provides specifications for precast concrete cable covers. It classifies cable covers based on whether they are reinforced or unreinforced, and whether they have a peaked or flat design. Reinforced concrete covers with a peaked design are recommended for high voltage cables of 22kV and above. Unreinforced peaked covers are for voltages above 1kV but below 22kV. Unreinforced flat covers are used for cables up to and including 1kV. The document specifies requirements for materials, dimensions, reinforcement, and markings for the different types and classes of precast concrete cable covers.
The document provides specifications for precast prestressed concrete street lighting poles. It outlines requirements for materials, design, testing, and other technical details. Key points include:
- It specifies requirements for cement, aggregates, reinforcement, concrete, and admixtures to be used in manufacturing the poles.
- Design specifications include minimum pole length, depth of planting, distances from luminaire to light source, and standard outreach lengths. Poles must be designed not to fail due to compression of concrete.
- Technical details covered include tolerances on dimensions, sampling and inspection procedures, marking requirements, and other quality control aspects.
Is 4000 high strength bolts in steel structuresVishal Mistry
This document provides guidelines for the use of high-strength bolts in steel structures. It covers the design, fabrication, assembly and inspection of structural joints using high-strength bolts that meet the specifications in IS 3757. The document establishes requirements for bolt size and properties, permissible tensile and shear forces, types of joints (friction and bearing), surface preparation, hole size, tightening methods and quality control. It seeks to enable the effective and safe use of high-strength bolts in structural connections as an alternative to welding.
A111 99a(2014) standard specification for zinc-coated (galvanized) “iron” tel...Shakerqaidi
This document specifies requirements for zinc-coated iron telephone and telegraph line wire. It defines three classes (A, B, C) of zinc coatings with minimum weight requirements. The wire must meet standards for adherence, breaking strength, elongation, ductility, resistivity, size variations, workmanship and visual appearance. Sampling and testing procedures are provided to ensure specifications are met.
This document provides standards for hollow and solid lightweight concrete blocks used in construction. It specifies:
1) Two grades (A and B) for load-bearing blocks based on intended use and weather protection.
2) Nominal dimensions for blocks ranging from 100-600mm in length, 50-300mm in width, and 100-200mm in height.
3) Tolerances of +/-5mm for length and +/-3mm for height and width.
4) Requirements for block density, compressive strength, water absorption, and drying shrinkage that vary based on grade.
This document provides the standard form and dimensions for bending and fixing reinforcement bars for concrete structures according to Indian Standard IS: 2502-1963. It specifies the symbols and approximate dimensions for bar bends, as well as the bending and fixing procedures. Tables are included that define the standard hook and bend allowances, curved bar radii, bending and cutting tolerances, and other key specifications for reinforcement bar fabrication according to this Indian code of practice.
28-5.21 Company Profile of Pyrmaid structural consultant.pptxBoopathi Yoganathan
Pyramid Structural Consultant provides structural design, building approval, and construction services. They have a team of experienced engineers and workers who use software like AutoCAD and STAAD to complete structural designs for RCC and steel buildings. Notable projects include the design of a G+1 residential building in Namakkal. They are located in Puduchatram, Namakkal and can be found on LinkedIn and Facebook.
This document provides a bonafide certificate for a project report on the study of mechanical properties of eco-friendly economic concrete. It certifies that the project was conducted by three students, M.Vineeth, Y.Boopathi, and P.Murali, in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree from Kongu Engineering College. The project investigated replacing natural aggregates with steel slag aggregates and M-sand to produce more sustainable concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity of concrete mixes with varying replacement levels.
The document describes an experimental investigation into the properties of concrete with different replacement percentages of natural aggregates with manufactured sand and steel slag. The methodology involves collecting cement, fine aggregates (natural sand and m-sand), coarse aggregates, and steel slag. The mix design for M20 grade concrete is calculated and concrete specimens are cast. The specimens are cured and then tested to determine their mechanical properties. The results are compared to those of conventional concrete to evaluate the suitability of manufactured sand and steel slag as partial replacements for natural aggregates in concrete.
The document discusses two methods for mesh refinement - the p-method and h-method. The p-method increases the order of the polynomial used in the finite element model, allowing for more accurate results without changing the mesh. The h-method reduces the size of elements to create a finer mesh, better approximating the real solution in areas of high stress gradients. Both methods aim to improve the accuracy of finite element analysis results, with the p-method doing so without requiring changes to the mesh.
This document provides guidance on using epoxy injection to repair cracks in concrete structures. The method involves drilling holes along cracks, injecting epoxy under pressure, and allowing it to seep into the cracks. It can repair cracks as small as 0.002 inches. Epoxy injection requires skilled workers and specialized equipment. While it can effectively repair cracks temporarily, the underlying issues causing the cracks may remain if not addressed.
An embedded system is a dedicated computer system that performs specific tasks. An important application of embedded systems is anti-lock braking systems (ABS) in automobiles. ABS uses sensors and electronic control modules to monitor wheel speed and automatically modulate brake pressure to prevent wheel lockup and maintain steering control during emergency braking. By preventing skidding, ABS can help drivers stop more safely and shorten stopping distances on wet or slippery surfaces compared to standard brakes. ABS works by pulsing the brakes rapidly when it detects a wheel is about to lock up, which allows the wheel to continue turning and maintaining traction with the road.
This document discusses past earthquakes in India and retrofitting techniques for masonry structures. It summarizes the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, which had a magnitude of 9.1-9.3 making it one of the largest ever recorded. Over 230,000 people were killed across 14 countries by the resulting tsunamis. The document then discusses failure modes of confined masonry walls and retrofitting techniques to improve seismic resistance, including adding horizontal reinforcement, improving wall density and tie columns. Key factors for seismic resistance of confined masonry structures are also summarized.
The document provides guidelines for selecting, splicing, installing, and protecting open cable ends for resistance-type measuring devices in concrete and masonry dams. It discusses cable specifications, approved splicing methods including vulcanized rubber splices, rubber sleeve covering, and self-bonding tape. It also covers cable and conduit selection, including choosing the proper conduit size based on the number and size of cables to be run. Proper installation techniques are outlined to protect cable runs within concrete structures.
This document provides information on an Indian Standard (IS) for a unified nomenclature of workmen for civil engineering. It was adopted in 1982 by the Indian Standards Institution Construction Management Sectional Committee. The standard aims to unify the different names used for workmen engaged in civil engineering works across India. It then lists the unified nomenclature for various types of workmen and for carts/animals commonly used in civil engineering works.
This document provides details on the design and construction of floors and roofs using precast reinforced or prestressed concrete ribbed or cored slab units. It specifies dimensions for the precast units, including widths up to 3000mm for ribbed units and 2100mm for cored units. It also provides requirements for material strengths, structural design considerations, and loads to be accounted for in design according to other relevant Indian Standards.
This document provides definitions for key terms related to concrete monolith structures used in port and harbour construction. It defines elements like the bottom plug, cutting edge, deck slab, dewatering, fascia wall, filling, kentledge, kerb, and monolith. A monolith is a large hollow rectangular or circular foundation sunk as an open caisson through various soil strata until reaching the desired founding level, at which point the bottom is plugged with concrete.
This document provides the code of practice for the design and construction of conical and hyperbolic paraboloidal shell foundations. It discusses the preliminary design considerations for shell foundations, including determining the soil design to proportion the foundation dimensions based on allowable bearing pressure and net loading intensity, as well as the structural design of the shell. It also provides figures illustrating reinforcement details for conical and hyperbolic paraboloidal shell foundations. The code covers the relevant terminology and information needed for design, and notes the membrane analysis approach is commonly used for structural design of shell foundations.
This document provides guidelines for designing drainage systems for earth and rockfill dams. It discusses key considerations like controlling pore pressures, internal erosion, and piping. The guidelines cover selecting appropriate drainage features based on the dam type and materials. Features discussed include inclined/vertical filters, horizontal filters, longitudinal and cross drains, transition zones, rock toes, and toe drains. Filter material criteria and design procedures are also outlined.
This document provides recommendations for welding cold-worked steel bars used for reinforced concrete construction according to Indian Standard IS 9417. It summarizes the key welding processes that can be used including flash butt welding, shielded metal arc welding, and gas pressure welding. For each process, it outlines preparation of the bars, selection of electrodes, welding procedures, and safety requirements. Diagrams are provided to illustrate edge preparation and sequences for multi-run butt welding and lap welding joints.
This document provides guidelines for lime concrete lining of canals. It discusses materials used for lime concrete lining such as lime, sand, coarse aggregate and water. It also discusses preparation of subgrade for different soil types including expansive soils, rock and earth. Compaction methods are provided for different soil types. The document also discusses laying of concrete lining and provides specifications for lime concrete mix such as minimum compressive and flexural strength.
This document provides guidelines for structural design of cut and cover concrete conduits meant for transporting water. It outlines various installation conditions for underground conduits and describes how to calculate design loads from backfill pressure, internal/external water pressure, and concentrated surface loads. Design loads include vertical and lateral pressure from backfill based on fill material properties, hydrostatic pressure from water surcharge, and dispersed point loads accounting for fill height and conduit geometry. The conduit is to be designed for the most unfavorable combination of these loads. Recommended fill material properties and methods for load and stress analysis are also provided.
This document provides guidelines for installing and observing cross arms to measure internal vertical movement in earth dams. It describes the components of the mechanical cross arm installation including the base extension, cross arm units, spacer sections, and top section. It provides details on installing each component as the dam is constructed in rock-free or rocky soils. Observation involves using a measuring torpedo attached to a steel tape or cable to take settlement readings from the installed cross arm system.
This document provides guidelines for instrumentation of concrete and masonry dams. It outlines obligatory and optional measurements for dams, including uplift pressure, seepage, temperature, and displacement. Obligatory measurements include uplift pressure, seepage, temperature inside the dam, and displacement measurements using plumb lines or other methods. Optional measurements that may provide additional insights include stress, strain, pore pressure, and seismicity measurements. The document describes different types of measurements in detail and how they can be used to monitor dam performance and safety over time.
This document provides guidelines for selecting measurement instruments and their locations for monitoring earth and rockfill dams. It describes various types of measurements needed, including pore pressure, movements, seepage, strains/stresses, and dynamic loads from earthquakes. Planning the instrumentation system is important to ensure required data is obtained during construction and the dam's lifetime. The document discusses different instruments for measuring vertical and horizontal movements, such as surface markers, cross-arm installations, hydraulic devices, magnetic probes, and inclinometers.
This document outlines specifications for concrete finishers used in construction. It specifies requirements for materials, size, construction, capacity, and performance. Key aspects include:
- Concrete finishers are used after spreaders to finish concrete laid by pavers.
- Materials must meet relevant Indian standards. Common sizes are 3-4.5m and 6-7.5m widths.
- Construction includes a steel frame, traction wheels, steering, adjustable screeds, vibrator attachment, drives, controls, and a diesel or petrol power unit.
- Performance requirements ensure the finisher can operate under different conditions to finish concrete slabs within specifications.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
1. IS : 2090 - 1983
( HealTimrcd 1989)
Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
HIGH TENSILE STEEL BARS USED IN
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
( First Revision )
Second Reprint SEPTEMBER 1993
UDC 669.14.018.295-422:666.982.4
@ Co&ri,ght 1983
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARD S
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr3 May 1983
2. IS : 2090 - 1983
(Realfinned 1989)
Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
HIGH TENSILE STEEL BARS USED IN
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
( First Revision )
Joint Sectional Committee for Concrete Reinforcement, BSMDC 8
Chairman Representing
Srn:r G. S. RAO Crntral’Public Works Department
Members
S~~T~:~I~TENIIINI~ ENGINEER
( CD0 ) ( Alternate to
Sutrr G. S. RAO )
DR.J,L. AJM.ANI
Srcltr A. IT. MITRA ( Alternate )
The Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd. Jamshedpur
Dtc Av11. KU~AR Cement Research Institute of India, New Delhi
SIIRJ E. T. ANTIA The Concrete Association of India, Bombay
SHR~ P. SRINIVAYAN ( Alternate )
SHl%lS. 13ANE:RJzE
SII~I S. N. CH.~NDA
Steel Re-Rolling Mills Association of India, Calcutta
Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants ( India )
Ltd, Ranchi
SHRJ R. D. CHOUDH.+RY( Alternate )
CHIEF ENGINEER( D & R ) Irrigation D:partment, Government of Punjab,
Dmnc’ron ( C D ) ( Altarnate )
Chandigarh
DEPUTV DIRYCTOR, STANDARDS Research, Designs & Standards
( I3 & s )-I ( Ministry of Railways), Lucknow
Organization
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, STAN-
DARDR ( B & S )-II ( Alternate )
SHRI D. I. DESAI
SHRI A. L. BHATIA ( Alternate )
Gammon India Ltd, Bombay
SARI M. R. DOCTOR
SHRI S. G. JOSHI ( Alternate )
Special Steels Ltd, Bombay
SH~I ZACHARIA GEORGE Structural Engineering Research Centre
Madras
SBR~ G. V. SURYAKUMAR (Alfernate )
SHRI V. K. GHANEI~AR Structural Engineering Research Centre
Roorkee
SHRI D. S. PR.4KASH RAO ( Alternate )
( CSIR),
( CSIR1,
( Continued on page 2 )
Q Copyight 1983
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian CofpriehtAct ( XXV of 1957 ) and
I
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
3. IS : 2090- 1983
( Continued from page 1 )
Members Rejresen ting
SHRI V. GULATI Heatly & Gresham (India ) Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI P. K. GUPTE National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ),
Jamshedpur
SHRI N. C. JOIN Stup Consultants Ltd, Bombay
SHRI M. C. TAND~N ( Alternate)
SHR~ M. P. JASUJA Research & Development Centre for Iron and Steel
( SAIL ), Ranchi
SRRI A. JAYAQOPAI. Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters
MAJ R. CHANDRASEKHARAN( Alternate)
SRRI S. Y. KHAN Killick Nixon Ltd, Bombay
SHRI P. S. VENKAT ( Alternate )
SHRI M. N. KHANNA Bhilai Steel Plant ( SAIL ), Bhilai”
SHRI C-DASOIJPTA ( Ahernate )
SHRI H. N. KRISENA MURTEY Tor Steel Research Foundation in India, Calcutta
DR C. S. VISWANATHA ( Alternate’)
SHRI S. N. MANOHAR Tata Consulting Engineers, Bombay
SHRI N. NAQARAJ ( Alternate )
SHRI R. K. MATHUR Public Works Department, Lucknow
SHRI S. N. PAL M. N. Dastur & Co (P) Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI SALIL ROY ( Alternote )
SHRI B. K. PANTHAKY Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI P. V. NAIK ( Alternate )
SHRI T. SF_N IRC Steels Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI M. V. SHASTRY Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping and Transport )
SHRI SHIRISH H. SHAH Tensile Steel Ltd, Bombay
SHRI M. S. PATHAK ( Alternate )
SHRI C. N. SRINIVASAN C. R. Narayana Rao, Madras
SHRI C. N. RAOHAVENDRAN (Alternate )
SHRI K. S. SRINIVASAN National Buildings Organization, New Delhi
SHRI A. K. LAL ( Alternate)
SHRI G. RAMAN, Director General,BIS ( Ex-o$cio Member )
Director ( Civ Engg )
SHRI M. N. NEELAKANDHAN
Assistant Director ( Civ Engg ), ISI
2
4. 18:2090-19s3
Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
HIGH TENSILE STEEL BARS USED IN
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
( Firsr Revision)
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 14 March 1983, after the draft finalized by the
Joint Sectional Committee for Concrete Reinforcement had been
approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 This standard was first published in 1962 to cover the requirements
of high tensile steel bars used in prestressed concrete. The present
revision has been taken up with a view to incQrporating modifications
found necessary as a result of experience gained in using this standard
both by manufacturers and users.
0.3 10 this revision, modifications have been incorporated in provisions
relatiig to tolerances, proof stress and relaxation test. The requirement
of young’s modulus has been deleted. Further S.I. units have been
adopted for specifying the various physical requirements in the standard
and references to various other Indian Sandards appearing in this
standard have been updated.
0.4 In the formulation of this standard, due weightage has been giveti to
international co-ordination among the standard and practices prevailing.
in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field
in this country.
0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated.
expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accord-
ance with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in
this standard.
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( wised ).
3
5. IS : 2090 - 1983
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the requirements for high tensile steel bars used
in prestressed concrete.
Z TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall
apply.
2.1 Bar - A rolled rod or bar of steel of circular cross-section.
2.2 Elongation - The increase in length of a tensile test specimen under
stress. The elongation at fracture is conventionally expressed as a
percentage of the original gauge length of the standard test specimen.
2.3 High Tensile Steel - Alloy steel having a tensile strength of not
less than 980 N/mm%.
2.4 Nominal Size - The dimension of the diameter of the bar.
2.5 Proof Stress - The stress which produces a residual strain
of 0.2 percent of the original gauge length ( non-proportional elongation ).
2.6 Tensile Strength - The maximum load reached in a tensile test
divided by the original cross-sectional area of the gauge length portion
of the test specimen.
3. MANUFACTURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
3.1 The steel shall be manufactured by the,open-hearth, electric, duplex,
acid bessem. er, basic oxygen ( LD ) process or a combination of these
processes with the addition of necessary alloying elements. In case any
other process is employed in the manufacture, prior approval of the
purchaser shall be obtained. The steel shall be hot rolled into bars and
subsequently processed to give the required physical properties. Where
the bars are threaded the thread shall be either cut or rolled. Threaded
ends shall be protected from corrosion and damage.
3.1.1 The ladle analysis of steel when made in accordance with the
relevant parts of IS : 228* shall show that steel contains not more than
0.050 percent of sulphur and not more than 0.050 percent of
phosphorus.
3.2 All finished bars shall be cleanly rolled to specified dimensions.
They shall be sound and free from splits, harmful surface flaws, rough,
jagged and imperfect edges; and other c’efects. Unless otherwise agreed
between the purchaser and the manufacturer, they shall not carry rust
or other matter to a degree likely to impair their adhesion in concrete.
*Methods for chemical analysis of steels (. secondrcuisMn) ( being ‘issued in parts ).
4
6. ISr2o!m-1983
4. NOMINAL SIZES
4.1 Bars shall be manufactured in the fcllowing nominal sizes:
10, 12, 16,20,22, 25,2&l and 32 mm.
5. TOLERANCES
!kl Nominal Size - The tolerance on the n,ominal size shall be
f O-5 mm for bars up to and including 25 mm and f 0.6 mm for bars
above 25 mm,
5.2 Mass - The tolerance on the mass of the finished bar shall be
i 5 percent for bars of diameter up to and including 16 mm and f 3
percent for bars above 16 mm.
NoTE - When ban are ordered by mass, the mass of the bars shall be calculated
on the basis that high tensile steel weighs 0.785 kg/cm’ of cross-sectional area per
metre run.
5.3 When necessary, other tolerances may be agreed between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
6. PHYSICAL RRQmMENTS
6.1 The tensile strength, proof stress and alongation, when determined
in accordance with 7.2.2 shall be as given in Table 1.
TABLE I MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BARS
( ClwJI 8.1 )
CEABA~IaTlo RlEQIJnt~
Tensile strength, Ma 980 N/mm*
Proof strer Not less than 80 percent of the
minimum specified tenrile
strength
Elongation at rupture on a gauge
length 965 r/A, Mia ( where
A k the area of crwetion )
10 percent
6.2 Relaxation - The relaxation of stress in the bar, when tested in
accordance with 7.3, shall not exceed 49 N/mm8 at the end of 1000 hours.
Alternatively, the manufacturer shall provide proof that the quality of
bar supplied is such as to comply with this test requirement.
7. TRSTS
7.1 Selection of Test Specimens
7.1.1 All test specimens shall be of sufficient length for the specified
tests and may be cut either from the ends of the bars before cutting to
5
7. IS : 2090 - I983
finished Agths or from any part of the bar in the presence of the
purchaser or his authorized representative.
7.1.2 Before the specimens are selected, the manufacturer or supplier
shall furnish the purchaser or his authorized representative with cop’ies
of mill records giving thi number of bars in each cast with sizes, marks,
etc, whereby the bars can be identified.
7.2 Tensile Test
7.2.1 The test specimens shall not be annealed or otherwise subjected
to heat treatment unless the bars from which they are cut are similarly
treated in which case the specimen shall be similarly and simultaneously
treated- with the bars before testing.
7.2.2 The tensile strength, proof stress and elongation shall be
determined in accordance with the methods specified in IS : 1608-
1972*.
NOTE - In cases where the manufacturingproce-ssincludes cold working, test to
determine compliance with proof stress requirements need not be made within 48
hours of such cold working.
7.3 Constant Strain Relaxation Test - If required by the purchaser,
the manufacturer shall provide evidence from records of tests of similar
bars that the relaxation of stress from an initial stress of 70 percent of the
specified minimum tensile strength conforms to that specified in 6.2.
During the whole .period of test the temperature shall be maintained at
20 & 2°C. The initial load shall be applied in a period .of not more
than 5 minutes and shall then be held constant for a further period of
one minute. Thereafter no ad,justment of load shall be made, and the
load relaxation readings shall commence from the end of sixth minute.
On no account shall the test piece be overstressed. The number of
specimens tested shall be as agreed between the purchaser and the
manufacturer.
8. 8AMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY
8.1 Scale of Sampling
8.1.1 Lot - In any consignment, all the high tensile steel bars of the
same size and manufactured from the same cast shall be grouped together
to conqtitute a lot.
8.1.2 The number of bars to be selected at random from the lot shall
depend upon the size of the lot and shall be in accordance with co1 1
and co1 2 of Table 2.
*Method for tensile testing of steel products_ (f;rsf retision ).
6
8. IS : 2090- 1983.
TABLE 2 SIZE OF THE SAMPLE AND SUB-SAMPLE
( Clauses 8.1.2 and 8.2.3 )
LOT h-Z SIZE OF SAMPLE SIZE OF SUB-SAMPLE
(1)
up to 50
51 to 100
101 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 500
501 and above
(2)
5
10
15
20
30
40
(3)
2
2
2
3
3
5
8.2 Number of Tests
8.2.1 All the bars selected as in 8.1.2 shall be examined for freedom
from defects (see 3.2 ) and tolerance on nominal size and mass
( see 5 ).
8.2.2- Requisite material from any one of the bars in the lot shall be
subjected to chemical analysis ( see 3.1.1 ).
8.2.3 The number of bars to be subjected to the tensile test ( see 7.2 )
shall be equal to the size of the sub-sample as given in co1 3 of Table 2.
8.3 Criteria for Conformity
8.3.1 The lot shall be considered as conforming to the requirements of
this specification if the conditions mentioned in 8.3.2 to 8.3.5 are
satisfied.
8.3.2 The number of bars failing to satisfy one or more of the
requirements specified in 4 and 6 shall not exceed the corresponding
permissible number given below:
Size of Sample Permissible Number
5 0
10 1
15 1
20 2
30 3
40 3
8..3.3 The results of chemical analysis for phosphorus and sulphur
content on the samp.le tested shall satisfy the requirements given under
7
9. IS : 2090 - 1983
3.1.1 If the test results for any of the characteristics fail to satisfy the
corresponding requirements, two more rests for that characteristic shall
be done and both these test results shall satisfy the requirements for that
characteristic.
8.3.4 For physical requirements except proof stress, the mean and the
range of the test results obtained for the various characteristic shall satisfy
the appropriate condition(s) given below:
*a) ( Mean + 0.6 Range ) shall be less than or equal to the maximum
specification limit.
b) ( Mean - 0.6 Range ) shall be greater than or equal to the
minimum specification limit.
8.3.5 For proof stress, all the test specimens shall satisfy the require-
ments of the characteristic.
9. DELIVERY, INSPECTION AND TESTING FACILITIES
9.1 Unless .otherwise specified, general requirements relating to the
supply of material, inspection and testing shall conform to IS : 1387-
1967*.
9.2 No material shall be despatched from the manufacturers’ or suppliers’
premises prior to its being certified by the purchaser or bib authorized
represehtative as having fulfilled the tests and requirements laid down in
this standard exceot where the bundle or coil containing the wire is
marked with the IS1 Certification Mark.
9.3 The purchaser or his authorized representative shall be at liberty to
inspect and verify the steel maker’s certificate of cast analysis at the
premises of the manufacturer or supplier; when the purchaser required
an actual analysis of finished material, this shall be made at a place
agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer or supplier.
9.4 Manufacturer Certificate - In the case of bars which have not
been inspected at the manufacturer’s works, the manufacturer or supplier,
as the case may be, shall supply the purchaser or his authorized represen-
tative with the certificate stating the process of manufacture and test
sheets signed by the manufacturer giving the result of each mechanical
test applicable to the material, and the chemical co’mposition if required.
Each test sheet shall indicate the number or identification mark to be
found on the material.
9.5 When test for relaxation is required to be carried out, the cost of
testing shall be borne by the purchaser.
*General requirements for the supplyof.metallurgical materials (Jrrst rrdsiaa ).
8 .-
10. IS : 2090 - 1983
10. IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING
10.1 The bar manufacturer shall attach to every bundle a suitable metal
lag M’hich shall bear the manufacturer’s name, the size of the bar, the
lrpat number of the cast from which the bars have been rolled and the
(I(-signation of the standard. All bars or bundles of bars shall be marked
in SLICESa way that it is possible to trace all finished bars to the cast from
hich 1hry were made.
10.1.1 Each bar or the metal tag attached to every bundle of bars may
also br marked with the Standard Mark.,
NOTE - The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the
Bureau of Indian Qandards Act, 1936 and the Rules and Regulations made there-
under. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys
rhe assur.inse that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that
standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control
which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard
marked products are alqo continuously checked by BIS for conformit;r to that
standard a< a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for
the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may
he obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
9
11. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha
( Common to all Offices)
Regional Offices: Telephone
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg.
I
331 01 31
NEW DELHI 110002 331 1375
*Eastern : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99
Maniktoia, CALCUTTA 700054
Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C,
CHANDIGARH 160036
Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113
I
2 18 43
3 16 41
41 24 42
41 25 19
41 29 16
TWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 632 92 95
BOMBAY 400093
Branch Offices:
#Pu.shpak’. Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur,
I
2 63 48
AHMADABAD 380001 2 63 49
$,Peenya Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road
BANGALORE ~60058
I
38 49 55
38 49 56
Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, 667 16
BHOPAL 462003
Plot No. 82/83, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002
531’5. Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane,
GUWAHATI 781003
5 36 27
3 31 77
5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ),
HYDERABAD 500001
23 IO83
R14 Yudhister Marg. C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005
117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005
‘,! 1; ;;
{ 21 82 92
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6’23 05
T.C. No. ‘l4/1421. Urliversity P.O.. Palayam 16 21 04
TRIVANDRUM 6 15035 16 21 17
Inspection Offices ( With Sale Point ):
Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71
Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010
Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building,1 322 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35
PUNE 411005
*Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0. Princep 27 68 00
Street. Calcutta 700072
tSales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, 89 66 28
Bombay 400007
$Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, 22 36 71
Bangalore 560002
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
12. --
AMENDMENT NO. 1 JULY i988
TO
IS:2090-1983 SPECIFICATION FOR HIGH TENSILE
STEELBARS USED IN PRRSTRRSSED CONCRETE
(First Revision)
(Page 4, clause 3.2, third sentence) -
Substitute the following for the existing matter:
'Unless otherwise agreed between the purchaser and
the manufacturer or supplier the bars shall not
carry on its surface lubricants, rust or other
matter to a degree likely to impair its adhesion to
concrete.*
(BSMDC 8) Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi. India