Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can be caused by iodine deficiency, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease, or multinodular goiter. Symptoms include a visible swelling in the neck, tightness in the throat, coughing, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing or breathing. Treatment depends on the cause but may include medications to relieve symptoms, anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine treatment, or thyroid surgery followed by thyroid replacement therapy. Maintaining adequate iodine intake through iodized foods can help prevent iodine deficiency goiters.

1. GOITER
Group Name: RBC
Group Member
Md. Hasib Khan ID: 2017-1-70-022
Khaleda Sultana ID: 2017-1-70-74
Majedul Islam Mridul ID:2017-1-70-101

2. What is Goiter?
A goiter is an abnormal enlargement
of your thyroid gland.
The term is also used to describe an enlarged thyroid.
 A goiter is associated with a thyroid that is not functioning
properly.
The term is from the Latin gutteria.

3. Historical Cases About Goiter
 In 0340 AD Ko-Hung, Chinese alchemist, recommends seaweed for
treatment of goiter among people living in mountains.
 In 0650 AD Sun Ssu-Mo, a Chinese physician, uses dried, powdered mollusc
shells and chopped thyroid gland for the treatment of goiter.
 In1170 AD Roger of Salerno uses seaweed in the treatment of goiter.
 Paracelsus (1493–1541) was the first person to propose a relationship
between goiter and minerals (particularly lead) in drinking water.

4. Classification of Goiter
Based on activity of gland
Simple goiter(non-toxic):
1.Diffuse goitre
2.Nodular goitre
Toxic goiter:
1.Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves Disease)
2.Nodular Toxic goiter

5. Grade III : Invisible and Palpable
Grade II : Visible and Palpable
Grade I : Visible, Palpable and Retrosternal
extension
Based on size of gland

6. SYMPTOMS OF GOITER
•A visible swelling at the base of neck
•A tight feeling in your throat
•Coughing
•Hoarseness
•Difficulty swallowing
•Difficulty breathing
•Heat Intolerance

7. Causes of goiter
Iodine deficiency : Lack of dietary iodine is the main cause
of goiters.
Graves' disease(hyperthyroidism): A goiter can sometimes
occur when thyroid gland produces too much thyroid
hormone.
Hashimoto's disease(hypothyroidism): A goiter can also
result from an underactive thyroid.

8. Multinodular goiter: In this condition,
several solid or fluid-filled lumps called
nodules develop in both sides of thyroid.
Solitary thyroid nodules: In this case, a
single nodule develops in one part of
thyroid gland.
Thyroid cancer: Thyroid cancer is far less
common than benign thyroid nodules.

9. Pregnancy: A hormone produced during pregnancy, human chorionic
gonadotropin (HCG), may cause thyroid gland to enlarge slightly.
Inflammation: Thyroiditis is an inflammatory condition that can cause
pain and swelling in the thyroid.

10. Pathophysiology

11. Pathophysiology

12. Complications
 Cardiovascular problems
 Congestive heart failure
 Superior Vena Cava obstruction
 Rapid heart rate
Renal complications
Infertility
Pregnancy complications

13. Complications
Hypertension
Nervous system complications
Muscle weakness or Nerve injury - These can lead to:
• breathing difficulties
• hoarseness
• trouble walking
• trouble talking
• pain in the hands and feet

14. Treatment
Symptom relief medications
Anti Thyroid drugs (ATD)
1. Methimazole
2. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
3. Carbimazole
Beta blockers : inderol
Radio Active Iodine treatment
Thyroidectomy – Subtotal or Total
Thyroid Replacement Therapy

15. Treatment
• The use of iodized food
• Avoid goiter promoting foods such as Cabbage, Brussels, Sprouts & Soy

16. THANK YOU
THE END