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A goiter is a swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck. It can be caused by an overactive or underactive thyroid. Goiters are more common in women, older people, and those from areas without iodized salt. Small goiters may disappear on their own but large goiters can press on the trachea and cause breathing problems. Treatment options include thyroid medication, surgery to remove parts of the thyroid, or removal of the entire thyroid gland. Preventing iodine deficiency through iodized salt can help prevent endemic goiters.
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goitre
Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland, most commonly caused by iodine deficiency affecting up to 200 million people worldwide. While most goiters are benign and cause only cosmetic issues, they can sometimes lead to compression of surrounding structures or thyroid disorders. The thyroid is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and deficiencies in thyroid hormones can cause the thyroid to enlarge in an attempt to compensate. Goiters can be diffuse or nodular, and investigations including ultrasound and biopsy may be needed to determine if surgery is required for large goiters, suspected malignancy, or pressure symptoms.
Goitre
Goitre is a swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck. It affects approximately 15.8% of the global population, ranging from 4.7% in America to 28.3% in Africa. Goitre is commonly caused by iodine deficiency but can also be due to congenital hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, or medication side effects. Risk factors include iodine deficiency, female gender, age over 40, family history of autoimmune disease, certain medications, radiation exposure, and pregnancy or menopause. Diagnosis involves examining the patient history, physically examining the neck, testing blood levels of thyroid hormones, ultrasound imaging of the thyroid gland, and biopsy
Thyroid gland1
The thyroid gland is located in the lower neck and produces thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism. A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Simple goiters are non-toxic enlargements that are usually asymptomatic. Toxic goiters secrete excess thyroid hormones and can be either diffuse or nodular. Thyroid nodules are common and evaluating them involves tests like ultrasound, biopsy, and scans to determine if they are benign or malignant. Surgery is the main treatment and complications can include bleeding, nerve damage, and hypocalcemia.
Benign thyroid disorders_(lecture)
This document discusses different types of goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), including simple (non-toxic) goiter, toxic goiter, neoplastic goiter, and inflammatory goiter. It describes the causes, appearances, and effects of each type. Investigation methods and treatment options are also summarized, including medications, radioactive iodine, and surgical procedures for thyroid conditions.
Goitre final year mbbs lecture
This document discusses the thyroid gland and various thyroid conditions. It begins by explaining what the thyroid gland does, producing hormones that regulate metabolism. It then discusses different types of goiters (enlargement of the thyroid gland), including diffuse goiter, multi-nodular goiter, and solitary thyroid nodules. For each condition, it covers causes, symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment approaches. Key points are that toxic goiters are rarely malignant, solitary nodules need evaluation to exclude cancer, and surgery is rarely needed for autoimmune or inflammatory thyroid diseases.
Goiter
Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can be caused by over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones, iodine deficiency, or development of lumps within the gland itself. A large goiter may cause difficulty swallowing or breathing. Symptoms include a noticeable throat swelling and cough. Treatment depends on the size and cause of the goiter, and may include medication, surgery, or radioactive iodine to shrink the thyroid gland.
Goiter
This document provides information about goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland). It begins by defining goiter and discussing the causes, which can be inflammatory, toxic, autoimmune, or physiological. It then classifies thyroid swellings and discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment of simple goiter. It also discusses hypothyroidism, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Finally, it discusses hyperthyroidism/toxic goiter, the causes including Graves' disease, and discusses Graves' disease in more detail.
208 goiter
Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can be caused by iodine deficiency, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease, or multinodular goiter. Symptoms include a visible swelling in the neck, tightness in the throat, coughing, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing or breathing. Treatment depends on the cause but may include medications to relieve symptoms, anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine treatment, or thyroid surgery followed by thyroid replacement therapy. Maintaining adequate iodine intake through iodized foods can help prevent iodine deficiency goiters.
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goitre
Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland, most commonly caused by iodine deficiency affecting up to 200 million people worldwide. While most goiters are benign and cause only cosmetic issues, they can sometimes lead to compression of surrounding structures or thyroid disorders. The thyroid is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and deficiencies in thyroid hormones can cause the thyroid to enlarge in an attempt to compensate. Goiters can be diffuse or nodular, and investigations including ultrasound and biopsy may be needed to determine if surgery is required for large goiters, suspected malignancy, or pressure symptoms.
Goitre
Goitre is a swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck. It affects approximately 15.8% of the global population, ranging from 4.7% in America to 28.3% in Africa. Goitre is commonly caused by iodine deficiency but can also be due to congenital hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, or medication side effects. Risk factors include iodine deficiency, female gender, age over 40, family history of autoimmune disease, certain medications, radiation exposure, and pregnancy or menopause. Diagnosis involves examining the patient history, physically examining the neck, testing blood levels of thyroid hormones, ultrasound imaging of the thyroid gland, and biopsy
Thyroid gland1
The thyroid gland is located in the lower neck and produces thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism. A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Simple goiters are non-toxic enlargements that are usually asymptomatic. Toxic goiters secrete excess thyroid hormones and can be either diffuse or nodular. Thyroid nodules are common and evaluating them involves tests like ultrasound, biopsy, and scans to determine if they are benign or malignant. Surgery is the main treatment and complications can include bleeding, nerve damage, and hypocalcemia.
Benign thyroid disorders_(lecture)
This document discusses different types of goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), including simple (non-toxic) goiter, toxic goiter, neoplastic goiter, and inflammatory goiter. It describes the causes, appearances, and effects of each type. Investigation methods and treatment options are also summarized, including medications, radioactive iodine, and surgical procedures for thyroid conditions.
Goitre final year mbbs lecture
This document discusses the thyroid gland and various thyroid conditions. It begins by explaining what the thyroid gland does, producing hormones that regulate metabolism. It then discusses different types of goiters (enlargement of the thyroid gland), including diffuse goiter, multi-nodular goiter, and solitary thyroid nodules. For each condition, it covers causes, symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment approaches. Key points are that toxic goiters are rarely malignant, solitary nodules need evaluation to exclude cancer, and surgery is rarely needed for autoimmune or inflammatory thyroid diseases.
Goiter
Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can be caused by over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones, iodine deficiency, or development of lumps within the gland itself. A large goiter may cause difficulty swallowing or breathing. Symptoms include a noticeable throat swelling and cough. Treatment depends on the size and cause of the goiter, and may include medication, surgery, or radioactive iodine to shrink the thyroid gland.
Goiter
This document provides information about goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland). It begins by defining goiter and discussing the causes, which can be inflammatory, toxic, autoimmune, or physiological. It then classifies thyroid swellings and discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment of simple goiter. It also discusses hypothyroidism, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Finally, it discusses hyperthyroidism/toxic goiter, the causes including Graves' disease, and discusses Graves' disease in more detail.
208 goiter
Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can be caused by iodine deficiency, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease, or multinodular goiter. Symptoms include a visible swelling in the neck, tightness in the throat, coughing, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing or breathing. Treatment depends on the cause but may include medications to relieve symptoms, anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine treatment, or thyroid surgery followed by thyroid replacement therapy. Maintaining adequate iodine intake through iodized foods can help prevent iodine deficiency goiters.
Goiter
The document discusses the physiology of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormones such as T3 and T4. It describes how the pituitary-thyroid axis controls thyroid hormone production and discusses different types of thyroid enlargement including simple goiter, diffuse hyperplastic goiter, toxic nodular goiter, and Graves' disease. The principles and advantages/disadvantages of different treatment approaches for hyperthyroidism are provided, including anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, and radioiodine therapy. Potential postoperative complications of thyroid surgery are also listed.
Goiter
Goiter is swelling of the thyroid gland that can be caused by iodine deficiency, autoimmune disorders, or abnormal thyroid function. Simple goiter involves an enlarged thyroid gland but is usually not cancerous, while toxic goiter causes hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis involves blood tests of thyroid hormones and ultrasound examination. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include thyroid hormone replacement, radioactive iodine, or surgery. With proper treatment, the prognosis for goiter is generally good.
ADESIYAKAN MANAGEMENT OF SIMPLE MULTINODULAR GOITRE2
1) The document provides an outline for the management of simple multinodular goitre, covering topics such as history, epidemiology, investigations, treatment, and complications.
2) Treatment is typically surgical, with options including subtotal thyroidectomy, near-total thyroidectomy, or total thyroidectomy depending on the situation.
3) Potential complications include recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, hypothyroidism, recurrence, and wound infection. Careful surgical technique and postoperative monitoring can help prevent complications.
Goiter
- TSH is produced by the adenohypophysis and regulates thyroid function by stimulating iodine uptake, colloid endocytosis, and thyroid gland growth. The majority of circulating thyroid hormone is T4, with T3 making up a small percentage.
- Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter and hypothyroidism worldwide. It can lead to miscarriages, stillbirths, neurological issues, and impaired intellectual function in both fetuses and newborns through adults.
- Goiters are classified based on their etiology, morphology, and size. The most common types are diffuse nontoxic goiter and multinodular goiter, which can sometimes become toxic
Goitre
This document defines goiter as an enlarged thyroid gland and provides an overview of the condition. It discusses the pathophysiology, classifications, presentations, investigations, differential diagnoses, treatments, and prognosis of goiter. Goiter is most commonly caused by iodine deficiency worldwide and by Hashimoto's thyroiditis in industrialized countries. Investigations may include laboratory tests, ultrasound, CT scans, and biopsies. Treatments include medication, surgery, radioactive iodine, and minimally invasive procedures. Complications can include hypothyroidism, bleeding, nerve injury, and hyperthyroid storm. Benign goiters generally have a good prognosis.
2. classification of goitre
The document discusses the classification, clinical features, and pathophysiology of goiter. It describes the different types of goiter including simple goiter, toxic goiter, and neoplastic goiter. Simple goiter is further divided into diffuse hyperplastic goiter and nodular goiter. The natural history of simple goiter progression from diffuse hyperplasia to nodular formation is explained. Multinodular goiter and solitary thyroid nodules are also described in detail including their stages of formation, clinical presentations, and characteristics. The clinical manifestations and signs of thyrotoxicosis are outlined.
Goiter
This document discusses goiter and hyperthyroidism. It defines goiter as any enlargement of the thyroid gland and describes different types of goiters. It also discusses the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of nontoxic goiters. The document then discusses hyperthyroidism and provides details about Graves' disease, including its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing and treatment options. It also briefly discusses thyroid storm.
Simple goitre and thyroiditis
This document discusses various types of thyroid disorders including simple goiter, thyroiditis, drug-induced thyroiditis, and autoimmune thyroiditis. Simple goiter is usually asymptomatic and caused by iodine deficiency or goitrogen intake. Thyroiditis can be acute from infections, subacute from viruses, or chronic from autoimmunity. Drug-induced thyroiditis is caused by medications like amiodarone and interferons. Autoimmune thyroiditis involves lymphocytic infiltration and can lead to hypothyroidism.
Multi nodular goitre (MNG)
seminar presentation on multinodular goitre
Ref: Bailey and love's short practice of surgery
SRB Manual of surgery
Thyroid - Goiter
The most common manifestation of thyroid disease is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter. Goiters can be diffuse, meaning affecting the whole thyroid, or nodular, consisting of lumps within the thyroid. The document discusses the different types of goiters and nodules, including the causes and characteristics of diffuse goiter, multinodular goiter, solitary nodules, and common thyroid nodule types like colloid nodules and follicular adenomas. Dietary iodine deficiency is identified as the most common cause of diffuse goiter.
treatment of Goiter
The document discusses treatments for overactive and underactive thyroid conditions. The main treatments described are antithyroid medications like carbimazole and propylthiouracil, radioactive iodine treatment, and surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. It also discusses lifelong levothyroxine treatment for an underactive thyroid and monitoring of hormone levels through blood tests to ensure the correct levothyroxine dose is taken. Side effects of treatments are also summarized.
Benign Thyroid Swellings
This document provides information on benign thyroid swellings. It begins with the surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland including its location, parts, coverings, arterial supply, venous drainage, and nerve supply. It then discusses the physiology of the thyroid gland including hormone production and regulation. Various types of thyroid enlargements are described such as simple goiter, clinically discrete swellings, hyperthyroidism, and thyroiditis. Diagnostic tests and treatments are also summarized.
Surgical aspects of goitre
This document discusses the surgical aspects of goiter. It begins by describing the anatomy of the thyroid gland and its blood supply. It then discusses the different types of goiter including classifications based on epidemiology, morphology, function, WHO staging, and etiology. Common causes of goiter include iodine deficiency and dietary goitrogens. Diffuse non-toxic goiter is usually caused by iodine deficiency and results in compensatory hypertrophy. Multi-nodular goiter often develops from diffuse goiter and involves functionally altered nodules. Treatment options depend on the size and symptoms but may include observation, thyroid suppression therapy, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. Toxic goiter can also occur and
Goitre,Powet point presentation-Teresia Lutufyo,Shija Charles,Mkindi Hamisi
This document provides an overview of goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland). It defines goiter and discusses the surgical anatomy and embryology of the thyroid gland. It covers the etiology, classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, workup, treatment, and complications of goiter. The document also discusses prevention of goiter through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention measures.
Goitre
This document discusses different types of goiters including diffuse, nodular, hyperthyroid, and neoplastic goiters. It describes the causes of goiters such as iodine deficiency, dyshormonogenesis, and goitrogens. Evaluation of goiters involves assessing thyroid function tests, ultrasound characteristics, and fine needle aspiration cytology. Surgical treatment options for goiters include hemithyroidectomy, total/completion thyroidectomy, and management of substernal goiters.
GOITER (DISEASE OF THYRIOD GLAND)
The document discusses the thyroid gland, its hormones, and abnormalities in thyroid function such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism (goiter). It notes that the thyroid gland produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which regulate metabolism. Goiter is classified as simple or toxic, and can be caused by iodine deficiency, genetic defects, or drugs/chemicals. Treatment options include surgery, radioactive iodine, levothyroxine medication, and dietary changes.
Hyperthyrodism
This document discusses hyperthyroidism and its management. It begins with definitions of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. It then discusses the prevalence, anatomy, physiology and causes of hyperthyroidism. The clinical manifestations involving multiple body systems are explained in detail. Diagnostic tests including blood tests, ultrasound and radioactive iodine uptake scans are outlined. Finally, the medical management including antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy and surgery are summarized.
Benign thyroid diseases
Benign thyroid diseases discusses thyroid abnormalities including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Graves' disease is described as the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, resulting from autoimmune stimulation of the thyroid by antibodies. Symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism include rapid heartbeat, sweating, anxiety and eye changes. Treatment involves antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy which destroys thyroid tissue, or surgery. Radioactive iodine is often used as it avoids surgery risks and provides definitive treatment, though can cause hypothyroidism in some cases.
hyperthyroidism in ksa
This document summarizes management of hyperthyroidism. It discusses the epidemiology, causes, symptoms, complications, and treatment options for hyperthyroidism including radioactive iodine, surgery, antithyroid medications, and their adverse effects. It also reviews guidelines for diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders during pregnancy, the prevalence of thyroid cancer in hyperthyroidism patients, and literature on managing hyperthyroidism in Asia and Saudi Arabia.
Graves disease in children and adolscent
- The 15-year-old patient was diagnosed with Graves' disease at age 9 and was treated with medication which has now been weaned off.
- Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pediatric patients, accounting for 10-15% of thyroid disorders in those under 18.
- It results from antibodies that bind to receptors on the thyroid, causing enlarged thyroid and excessive hormone production. Symptoms include goiter, tachycardia, weight loss, and occasionally eye involvement.
Surgery thyroid
Goiter refers to an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can be caused by various factors including iodine deficiency, autoimmune thyroid conditions, drugs, radiation exposure, and unusual dietary habits. Goiters are classified as toxic or non-toxic and can be diffuse, multinodular, or nodular. Clinical examination involves inspection of the neck to evaluate size, shape, surface, borders, and movement with swallowing. Palpation is used to assess temperature, consistency, mobility, and presence of thyroid toxicity. Investigations may include blood tests, imaging, and fine needle aspiration biopsy to diagnose the cause of the goiter. Treatment options depend on the underlying pathology but may involve surgery, medication, or radioactive
How would you approach a patient with thyroid
Physical examination and laboratory tests would be used to investigate a patient with thyroid swelling. Laboratory tests would include thyroid hormones (T4 and T3), TSH, and thyroid autoantibodies to check for hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or an autoimmune cause. Radiological tests such as radioactive iodine uptake quantification and thyroid scintiscanning could further identify areas of abnormal thyroid activity that may indicate conditions like Graves' disease, multinodular goiter, or thyroid cancer. Together these examinations would help arrive at a diagnosis for the patient's thyroid condition.
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Goiter
The document discusses the physiology of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormones such as T3 and T4. It describes how the pituitary-thyroid axis controls thyroid hormone production and discusses different types of thyroid enlargement including simple goiter, diffuse hyperplastic goiter, toxic nodular goiter, and Graves' disease. The principles and advantages/disadvantages of different treatment approaches for hyperthyroidism are provided, including anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, and radioiodine therapy. Potential postoperative complications of thyroid surgery are also listed.
Goiter
Goiter is swelling of the thyroid gland that can be caused by iodine deficiency, autoimmune disorders, or abnormal thyroid function. Simple goiter involves an enlarged thyroid gland but is usually not cancerous, while toxic goiter causes hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis involves blood tests of thyroid hormones and ultrasound examination. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may include thyroid hormone replacement, radioactive iodine, or surgery. With proper treatment, the prognosis for goiter is generally good.
ADESIYAKAN MANAGEMENT OF SIMPLE MULTINODULAR GOITRE2
1) The document provides an outline for the management of simple multinodular goitre, covering topics such as history, epidemiology, investigations, treatment, and complications.
2) Treatment is typically surgical, with options including subtotal thyroidectomy, near-total thyroidectomy, or total thyroidectomy depending on the situation.
3) Potential complications include recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, hypothyroidism, recurrence, and wound infection. Careful surgical technique and postoperative monitoring can help prevent complications.
Goiter
- TSH is produced by the adenohypophysis and regulates thyroid function by stimulating iodine uptake, colloid endocytosis, and thyroid gland growth. The majority of circulating thyroid hormone is T4, with T3 making up a small percentage.
- Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter and hypothyroidism worldwide. It can lead to miscarriages, stillbirths, neurological issues, and impaired intellectual function in both fetuses and newborns through adults.
- Goiters are classified based on their etiology, morphology, and size. The most common types are diffuse nontoxic goiter and multinodular goiter, which can sometimes become toxic
Goitre
This document defines goiter as an enlarged thyroid gland and provides an overview of the condition. It discusses the pathophysiology, classifications, presentations, investigations, differential diagnoses, treatments, and prognosis of goiter. Goiter is most commonly caused by iodine deficiency worldwide and by Hashimoto's thyroiditis in industrialized countries. Investigations may include laboratory tests, ultrasound, CT scans, and biopsies. Treatments include medication, surgery, radioactive iodine, and minimally invasive procedures. Complications can include hypothyroidism, bleeding, nerve injury, and hyperthyroid storm. Benign goiters generally have a good prognosis.
2. classification of goitre
The document discusses the classification, clinical features, and pathophysiology of goiter. It describes the different types of goiter including simple goiter, toxic goiter, and neoplastic goiter. Simple goiter is further divided into diffuse hyperplastic goiter and nodular goiter. The natural history of simple goiter progression from diffuse hyperplasia to nodular formation is explained. Multinodular goiter and solitary thyroid nodules are also described in detail including their stages of formation, clinical presentations, and characteristics. The clinical manifestations and signs of thyrotoxicosis are outlined.
Goiter
This document discusses goiter and hyperthyroidism. It defines goiter as any enlargement of the thyroid gland and describes different types of goiters. It also discusses the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of nontoxic goiters. The document then discusses hyperthyroidism and provides details about Graves' disease, including its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing and treatment options. It also briefly discusses thyroid storm.
Simple goitre and thyroiditis
This document discusses various types of thyroid disorders including simple goiter, thyroiditis, drug-induced thyroiditis, and autoimmune thyroiditis. Simple goiter is usually asymptomatic and caused by iodine deficiency or goitrogen intake. Thyroiditis can be acute from infections, subacute from viruses, or chronic from autoimmunity. Drug-induced thyroiditis is caused by medications like amiodarone and interferons. Autoimmune thyroiditis involves lymphocytic infiltration and can lead to hypothyroidism.
Multi nodular goitre (MNG)
seminar presentation on multinodular goitre
Ref: Bailey and love's short practice of surgery
SRB Manual of surgery
Thyroid - Goiter
The most common manifestation of thyroid disease is the enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter. Goiters can be diffuse, meaning affecting the whole thyroid, or nodular, consisting of lumps within the thyroid. The document discusses the different types of goiters and nodules, including the causes and characteristics of diffuse goiter, multinodular goiter, solitary nodules, and common thyroid nodule types like colloid nodules and follicular adenomas. Dietary iodine deficiency is identified as the most common cause of diffuse goiter.
treatment of Goiter
The document discusses treatments for overactive and underactive thyroid conditions. The main treatments described are antithyroid medications like carbimazole and propylthiouracil, radioactive iodine treatment, and surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. It also discusses lifelong levothyroxine treatment for an underactive thyroid and monitoring of hormone levels through blood tests to ensure the correct levothyroxine dose is taken. Side effects of treatments are also summarized.
Benign Thyroid Swellings
This document provides information on benign thyroid swellings. It begins with the surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland including its location, parts, coverings, arterial supply, venous drainage, and nerve supply. It then discusses the physiology of the thyroid gland including hormone production and regulation. Various types of thyroid enlargements are described such as simple goiter, clinically discrete swellings, hyperthyroidism, and thyroiditis. Diagnostic tests and treatments are also summarized.
Surgical aspects of goitre
This document discusses the surgical aspects of goiter. It begins by describing the anatomy of the thyroid gland and its blood supply. It then discusses the different types of goiter including classifications based on epidemiology, morphology, function, WHO staging, and etiology. Common causes of goiter include iodine deficiency and dietary goitrogens. Diffuse non-toxic goiter is usually caused by iodine deficiency and results in compensatory hypertrophy. Multi-nodular goiter often develops from diffuse goiter and involves functionally altered nodules. Treatment options depend on the size and symptoms but may include observation, thyroid suppression therapy, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. Toxic goiter can also occur and
Goitre,Powet point presentation-Teresia Lutufyo,Shija Charles,Mkindi Hamisi
This document provides an overview of goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland). It defines goiter and discusses the surgical anatomy and embryology of the thyroid gland. It covers the etiology, classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, workup, treatment, and complications of goiter. The document also discusses prevention of goiter through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention measures.
Goitre
This document discusses different types of goiters including diffuse, nodular, hyperthyroid, and neoplastic goiters. It describes the causes of goiters such as iodine deficiency, dyshormonogenesis, and goitrogens. Evaluation of goiters involves assessing thyroid function tests, ultrasound characteristics, and fine needle aspiration cytology. Surgical treatment options for goiters include hemithyroidectomy, total/completion thyroidectomy, and management of substernal goiters.
GOITER (DISEASE OF THYRIOD GLAND)
The document discusses the thyroid gland, its hormones, and abnormalities in thyroid function such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism (goiter). It notes that the thyroid gland produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which regulate metabolism. Goiter is classified as simple or toxic, and can be caused by iodine deficiency, genetic defects, or drugs/chemicals. Treatment options include surgery, radioactive iodine, levothyroxine medication, and dietary changes.
Hyperthyrodism
This document discusses hyperthyroidism and its management. It begins with definitions of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. It then discusses the prevalence, anatomy, physiology and causes of hyperthyroidism. The clinical manifestations involving multiple body systems are explained in detail. Diagnostic tests including blood tests, ultrasound and radioactive iodine uptake scans are outlined. Finally, the medical management including antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy and surgery are summarized.
Benign thyroid diseases
Benign thyroid diseases discusses thyroid abnormalities including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Graves' disease is described as the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, resulting from autoimmune stimulation of the thyroid by antibodies. Symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism include rapid heartbeat, sweating, anxiety and eye changes. Treatment involves antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy which destroys thyroid tissue, or surgery. Radioactive iodine is often used as it avoids surgery risks and provides definitive treatment, though can cause hypothyroidism in some cases.
hyperthyroidism in ksa
This document summarizes management of hyperthyroidism. It discusses the epidemiology, causes, symptoms, complications, and treatment options for hyperthyroidism including radioactive iodine, surgery, antithyroid medications, and their adverse effects. It also reviews guidelines for diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders during pregnancy, the prevalence of thyroid cancer in hyperthyroidism patients, and literature on managing hyperthyroidism in Asia and Saudi Arabia.
Graves disease in children and adolscent
- The 15-year-old patient was diagnosed with Graves' disease at age 9 and was treated with medication which has now been weaned off.
- Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pediatric patients, accounting for 10-15% of thyroid disorders in those under 18.
- It results from antibodies that bind to receptors on the thyroid, causing enlarged thyroid and excessive hormone production. Symptoms include goiter, tachycardia, weight loss, and occasionally eye involvement.
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ADESIYAKAN MANAGEMENT OF SIMPLE MULTINODULAR GOITRE2
ADESIYAKAN MANAGEMENT OF SIMPLE MULTINODULAR GOITRE2
Goitre,Powet point presentation-Teresia Lutufyo,Shija Charles,Mkindi Hamisi
Goitre,Powet point presentation-Teresia Lutufyo,Shija Charles,Mkindi Hamisi
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Surgery thyroid
Goiter refers to an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can be caused by various factors including iodine deficiency, autoimmune thyroid conditions, drugs, radiation exposure, and unusual dietary habits. Goiters are classified as toxic or non-toxic and can be diffuse, multinodular, or nodular. Clinical examination involves inspection of the neck to evaluate size, shape, surface, borders, and movement with swallowing. Palpation is used to assess temperature, consistency, mobility, and presence of thyroid toxicity. Investigations may include blood tests, imaging, and fine needle aspiration biopsy to diagnose the cause of the goiter. Treatment options depend on the underlying pathology but may involve surgery, medication, or radioactive
How would you approach a patient with thyroid
Physical examination and laboratory tests would be used to investigate a patient with thyroid swelling. Laboratory tests would include thyroid hormones (T4 and T3), TSH, and thyroid autoantibodies to check for hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or an autoimmune cause. Radiological tests such as radioactive iodine uptake quantification and thyroid scintiscanning could further identify areas of abnormal thyroid activity that may indicate conditions like Graves' disease, multinodular goiter, or thyroid cancer. Together these examinations would help arrive at a diagnosis for the patient's thyroid condition.
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Hernias - a Brief Med Students Guide
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- Hernias can cause pain, a tender bulge, and complications such as incarceration or strangulation if the bulge cannot be reduced.
- Examination involves inspecting for bulges, palpating for tenderness, checking for impulse on coughing, and attempting to reduce the hernia.
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THYROIDECTOMY
The document describes the steps for a total thyroidectomy surgery. The surgeon makes an incision in the neck and retracts the strap muscles to expose the thyroid gland. The middle thyroid vein, superior pedicle, and inferior thyroid artery are ligated. The recurrent laryngeal nerves and parathyroids are identified and preserved. The entire thyroid gland is removed. Potential complications include hemorrhage, respiratory obstruction, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and hypoparathyroidism. The patient may undergo neck node dissection and receive lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy as well as radioactive iodine treatment after surgery.
Thyroid Dysfunction.ppt
The document discusses thyroid dysfunction, including different types of thyroid diseases, signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors, screening and diagnosis methods, and treatment options. Some key points include:
- The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism and can develop nodules, some of which may be cancerous.
- Types of thyroid diseases include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer. Signs vary but can include weight changes, nervousness, and heart palpitations.
- Causes of nodules are unclear but risk factors include age, sex, radiation exposure, and family history. Diagnosis involves thyroid tests, biopsy, and ultrasound.
- Treatment depends on the individual case but
Updates in The Management of Thyroid Diseases
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Goiters 120223070355-phpapp01[1]
- 1. GOITERS James Cooper Khoa Le Andrea Fuentes Period 1
- 2. WHAT IS IT? A goiter is a swelling in the thyroid gland, which can lead to a swelling of the neck or larynx (voice box). Goiter is a term that refers to an enlargement of the thyroid and can be associated with a thyroid gland that is functioning properly or not. Non-toxic small goiter - the whole thyroid gland swells. When touched it feels smooth. Multinodular goiter - certain parts of the thyroid gland - nodules - swell. The gland may feel lumpy when touched.
- 4. THE WHAT CONT. Signs and symptoms may include a visible swelling at the base of your neck that may be particularly obvious when you shave or put on makeup, a tight feeling in your throat, coughing, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty breathing Effects of the goiter after removal can include change in voice because it might affect the voice box.
- 5. LOCATION OF A GOIETR
- 6. THE WHO There is no certain age for goiters as it can be affected in any age range. Your chances of developing a goiter increase with age. Because women are more prone to thyroid disorders, they're also more likely to develop goiters.
- 7. THE WHO CONTINUED… Goiters are also more common in people who live in third world countries where the food is not iodized. This if the case in some places in Asia and Central Africa. In the U.S., where food is iodized, a goiter is most often due to the over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones or to nodules that develop in the gland itself.
- 8. WHEN DO GOITERS OCCUR Age - people over the age of 50 are significantly more likely to have goiter compared to younger people. Pregnancy and menopause – Goiters are more likely to happen after a woman becomes pregnant, or goes through the menopause.
- 9. PROGNOSIS WHILE HAVING A GOITER Depending on the severity of the Goiter, people can have two different outlooks on the situation. For a simple Goiter, it may disappear on its own, but it may become larger and over time it may cause the gland to stop making enough thyroid hormones for the thyroid, which is also known as hypothyroidism.
- 10. WAY OF PREVENTING GOITERS A way to prevent the occurrence of endemic colloid goiter is to take iodized table salt with your food.
- 11. TREATMENT OF GOITERS Ever since ancient times people have had to find ways of curing Goiters and different methods have been used. The ancient Chinese were the first to find an effective treatment by using seaweed and burnt sponge. This treatment was so effective that it made its way throughout the world to the countries that had people experience Goiters. In the 1800’s surgery was the new way of dealing with Goiters, where surgeons would remove the whole thyroid gland. This treatment would cause the person to survive, but they would experience dry skin, depression and rapid weight gain.
- 12. TREATMENT OF GOITERS CONTINUED… As surgeons realized that, wasn’t an effective treatment, they started removing the nodules that invaded the thyroid gland and even if they weren't able to save the whole gland, it enabled patients to make a full recovery.
- 13. THIS WOULD BE SURGICALLY REMOVED…
- 14. TREATMENT OF GOITERS CONTINUED… Most small to moderate (non-toxic) goiters can be treated with thyroid hormone in the form of a pill. By supplying thyroid hormone in this fashion, the pituitary will make less TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), which should result in stabilization in size of the gland.
- 15. SOURCES Mayo Foundation. (Jan 8 2011). Goiter. In MayoClinic.com. Retrieved 1998, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/goiter/DS00217. Norman, J. (8/11/11). Thyroid Goiter. In endocrineweb.com. Retrieved 1997, from http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/thyroid- goiter. Hamar, V. (undefined). Kone_med_stor_struma.jpg. In Kone_med_stor_struma.jpg. Retrieved 23 November 2005, from undefined. Brunkhorst, K. (20 Wednesday Oct 2010 ). What is a Goiter?. In Fruit Root Life. Retrieved 2005, from http://fruitrootlife.wordpress.com/2010/10/20/what-is-a-goiter- no-really/. Christian Nordqvist. (2009, October 15). "What Is Goiter (goitre)? What Causes Goiter?." Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167559.php.