The document summarizes the key details regarding the emergence and spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. It describes the initial cases reported in December 2019 among people exposed to a seafood market, the subsequent closure of the market and isolation of suspected patients. It also outlines the diagnostic testing and identification of 2019-nCoV, clinical characteristics and treatment of patients, as well as outcomes. Limitations of the initial data and knowledge gaps are also discussed.
Corona Virus and Reinfection(Second Time Infection)Apurv Charles
You may think that the one “positive” of testing positive for the COVID-19 causing coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) and surviving would be that you won’t get infected by that virus again.
At least not during this pandemic.
Ah, but is this assumption really true? Will you indeed be immune to the SARS-CoV2 after you’ve recovered from a COVID-19 infection?
Some reports out of Japan and China seem to suggest otherwise.
The February 14 article from Caixin, a Beijing, China-based media group, that was entitled “14% of Recovered Covid-19 Patients in Guangdong Tested Positive Again.” Umm, 14% would seem more like an “ooop” than an “ooops.”
"Remember though, these are news reports and not scientific studies yet. "
Corona virus disease-2019 (Covid-19 outbreak) epidemiology prevention and con...Arun Singh
This PPT is created and updated on 14 February 2020 and it is about the epidemiology of Corona Virus Disease-19, Its preventive measures were also given, useful for department of Community Medicine
Corona Virus and Reinfection(Second Time Infection)Apurv Charles
You may think that the one “positive” of testing positive for the COVID-19 causing coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) and surviving would be that you won’t get infected by that virus again.
At least not during this pandemic.
Ah, but is this assumption really true? Will you indeed be immune to the SARS-CoV2 after you’ve recovered from a COVID-19 infection?
Some reports out of Japan and China seem to suggest otherwise.
The February 14 article from Caixin, a Beijing, China-based media group, that was entitled “14% of Recovered Covid-19 Patients in Guangdong Tested Positive Again.” Umm, 14% would seem more like an “ooop” than an “ooops.”
"Remember though, these are news reports and not scientific studies yet. "
Corona virus disease-2019 (Covid-19 outbreak) epidemiology prevention and con...Arun Singh
This PPT is created and updated on 14 February 2020 and it is about the epidemiology of Corona Virus Disease-19, Its preventive measures were also given, useful for department of Community Medicine
Coronaviruses & COVID 19 - Its Morphology, Role, Mechanism of Action, and Tre...Haider Ali Malik
Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses transmitting between animals and people that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV).
COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by a newly identified coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2
The current COVID-19 outbreak originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) has been to characterized the outbreak as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. (WHO Bulletin 2020)
Rekha Dehariya (M.Sc nursing 1st year) Bhopal Nursing College, Bhopal
Covid -19 has effected broud number of people all over the world. the health education is necessary to aware people about it.
Coronaviruses & COVID 19 - Its Morphology, Role, Mechanism of Action, and Tre...Haider Ali Malik
Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses transmitting between animals and people that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV).
COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by a newly identified coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2
The current COVID-19 outbreak originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) has been to characterized the outbreak as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. (WHO Bulletin 2020)
Rekha Dehariya (M.Sc nursing 1st year) Bhopal Nursing College, Bhopal
Covid -19 has effected broud number of people all over the world. the health education is necessary to aware people about it.
Corona virus was first identified as a cause of the common cold in 1960. Until 2002, the virus was considered a relatively simple, nonfatal virus.Over the last three decades there have been three attacks of three different coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, MERS CoV and the recent one 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
Journal club- corona virus (COVID-19) 11th march 2020Dr. Ritu Gupta
this is the study presented on 11th march 2020, regarding corona outbreak, symptoms of corona, tests, incubation period,possible transmission routes in dental clinics, precautions, airborne spread, contact spread, control, patient evaluation, importance of hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse in covid 19 outbreak pandemic, disinfection of clinical setting,
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
2. THE PROPHET ﷺSAID, "IF YOU HEAR
ABOUT IT (THE PLAGUE) IN A LAND
THAT YOU ARE IN, DO NOT RUN AWAY
FROM IT, AND IF YOU HEAR THAT IT
BROKE OUT IN A CERTAIN LAND, DO
NOT ENTER THAT LAND." (BUKHARI)
3. THE EPICENTER
A series of pneumonia cases of unknown
cause with shared history of exposure to
Huanan sea food market in Wuhan,China
were reported.
An epidemiological alert was released by the
local health authority on 31st December.
6. THE SUSPICION
The diagnosis of pneumonia of unknown
cause in Wuhan was based on
Clinical characteristics,
Chest imaging
Ruling out of common infections
Suspected patients were isolated using
airborne precautions in the designated
hospital
7. THE CULPRIT DIAGNOSIS
Collected respiratory, blood, and faeces
specimens
A novel coronavirus, which was named
2019-nCoV was isolated then from
lower respiratory tract specimen
Diagnostic test for this virus was
developed later
13. METHODS
All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were
admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan.
The data was collected and analysed on patients
with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection
by real-time RT-PCR
Researchers also directly communicated with
patients or their families
15. The Lancet DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5)
Figure 1: Date of illness onset
and age distribution of patients
with laboratory-confirmed 2019-
nCoV
infection
(A) Number of hospital
admissions by age group. (B)
Distribution of symptom onset
date for laboratory-confirmed
cases.
23. OUTCOME
28 (68%) of 41 patients have
been discharged
6 (15%) patients have died.
24. FITNESS FOR DISCHARGE
Abatement of fever for at least 10
days,
Improvement of chest
radiographic evidence
Viral clearance in respiratory
samples from URT
25. DISCUSSION
Clinical presentations greatly
resemble SARS-CoV
Patients with severe illness
developed ARDS and required ICU
admission
The time between hospital
admission and ARDS was as short as
2 days.
As of Jan 24, 2020, 835 laboratory-
confirmed 2019-nCoV
26. DISCUSSION
2019-nCoV could have acquired the ability
for efficient human transmission.
Airborne precautions, such as a fit-tested
N95 respirator, and PPE are strongly
recommended.
Onset of fever and respiratory symptoms
should be closely monitored among
health-care workers.
27. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN 2019-
NCOV AND PREVIOUS
BETACORONAVIRUS
Most patients presented with
Fever,
Dry cough,
Dyspnea,
Bilateral ground-glass opacities on
chest CT scans.
28. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
2019-NCOV & PREVIOUS
BETACORONAVIRUS
few patients with 2019-nCoV
infection had prominent upper
respiratory tract signs and
symptoms
2019-nCoV patients rarely
developed intestinal signs and
symptoms
32. NOVEL TREATMENT
Randomised controlled trial has
been initiated quickly to assess the
efficacy and safety of combined use
of lopinavir and Ritonavir in
patients hospitalised with 2019-
nCoV infection.
33. STUDY LIMITATIONS
Diagnosis was confirmed with lower
respiratory tract specimens and no paired
nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained to
investigate the difference in the viral RNA
detection rate between upper and lower
respiratory tract specimens.
With the limited number of cases, it is
difficult to assess host risk factors
34. REFERENCES
1.Huang C Wang Y Li X et al.Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel
coronavirus in Wuhan, China.Lancet. 2020; (published online Jan
24)https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(20)30183–5
2. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html
35.
36. AN AMERICAN MOVIE
CONTAGION THAT WAS
RELEASED IN 2011 SPEAKS OF A
CORONAVIRUS-LIKE VIRUS THAT
BEGINS SPREADING FROM CHINA
TO SPREAD TO THE REST OF THE
WORLD!