This document summarizes a presentation on green minerals and SCW systems given on June 25th, 2019 in Aachen. It discusses mineralization from an academic interest to commercial realization. It provides background on CO2 utilization and negative CO2 emissions approaches, including ambient and accelerated mineralization techniques. It also outlines several companies working in residual ores, ambient, and accelerated mineralization areas and describes Green Minerals' research on scaling up an olivine weathering process called GreenSand to store CO2.

1. Green Minerals / SCW Systems
ICCDU DECHEMA conference
Date: 25th June 2019
Location: Aachen
Mineralization from Lab to business
From academic interest toward realization
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2. MSc Pol Knops
Mineralization
1963: 317 ppm
2019: 415 ppm
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3. Mineralisation
Unknown solution: Inorganic mineralisation
CO2 utilization
CCS / Permanent CO2 sequestration
Negative CO2 emissions
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4. Negative CO2 emissions
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5. Presentation
Introduction course
Ambient mineralization
Accelerated mineralization
Residual materials
Ores (Olivine)
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6. © 1990 NaturePublishing Group
New development
Seifritz
Nature 1990
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7. Inspiration: Wallace Broecker
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8. Chemical reaction
Coal
Gaseous CO2
Solid Carbonate
ΔH = 11,1 MJ/kg CO2
80%
ΔH = 2,7 MJ/kg CO2
20%
“The ground energy state of carbon
is a mineral carbonate”
Olivine:
Mg2SiO4 + 4CO2 + 2H2O => 2Mg2+ + 4HCO3
- + SiO2
Mg2SiO4 + 2CO2 => 2MgCO3 + SiO2
[∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]
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9. End of the course
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Energy/ hydrogen
Permanent
Storage

10. Prof. Klaus Lackner
Not a resouurce, but an environmental problem
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“We won’t run out of fossil fuels,
but we are first running out of environment”

11. Historical view of mineralization
Products
Products
Products
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12. Markets
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Products
Products
Products
CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION (CO2U) -- ICEF ROADMAP
The Global CO2 initiative.

13. Mineralization Landscape
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
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14. Companies active in Mineralization
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
Steelslags / Fly ash
• Carbon8
• Carbstone
Olivine
• Green Minerals
Serpentine:
• MCint
Olivine
•greenSand
Mine tailings
• De Beers
David
Beerling
Cement
•CarbonCure, Solidia,
carbicrete etc.
Brines
•XX
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15. Carbon8
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16. Ambient weathering
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
Steelslags / Fly ash
• Carbon8 Colin Hills
• Carbstone Guilia Costa
Olivine
• Green Minerals (RWTH, myself)
Serpentine:
• MCint. (Newcastle AU)
Olivine
•greenSand
(Deltares, WUR)
Mine tailings
• De Beers
(Gregory Dipple) David
Beerling
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17. Civil / Agricultural applications
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18. Publications
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19. Results model
Sand
(0-3 mm)
Based:
- pH rainwater
- Full contact
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20. Scale up GreenSand
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21. Accelerated weathering
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
Steelslags / Fly ash
• Carbon8 Colin Hills
• Carbstone
Olivine
• Green Minerals (RWTH, myself)
Serpentine:
• MCint. (Newcastle AU)
Olivine
•greenSand
(Deltares, WUR)
Mine tailings
• De Beers
(Gregory Dipple) David
Beerling
•Pascale Bénézeth
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22. CO2 Uses
CO2 Uses: Product Company
Fuels Dieseletc. Audi etc.
Chemicals Poly-urethane Covestro etc.
Minerals Carbonates Heidelberg
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Paper
Polymer

23. Reaction
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24. Phase
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# Phase Goal
0 Literature review Feasibility
1 Batch autoclave Process parameters
2.1. Bigger batch 1. Product to market
2. Research: up scaling2.2 Continuous autoclave
3 Pilot 1.High end market
2. Research up-scaling
4 Full scale Products
5 Power plant scale Metal recovery
CO2 storage
Energy production
Low value products

25. Autoclave
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26. Accelerated weathering
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Additives:
NaHCO3
NaCl
Chelating agents
Catalysts
Recovery additives

27. Properties
Product:
1/3 CO2
Exothermic reaction
Very small particles:
2/3 Magnesite
1/3 Amorphous Silica
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28. Pictures
RWTH CO2MIN24-06-19 ICCDU Aachen 28

29. Validation beneficial use
Scaling up process
Market acceptance
Challenges
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30. Validation beneficial use Functional filler
Scaling up process Continuous process
Chemical knowledge
Market acceptance End-users
Policy support
Solutions to Challenges
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31. Concrete applications
Goal: (Partial) replacement Cement
Increased properties
Academic: RWTH / IASS Potsdamm
Industrial: HeidelbergCement
Green Minerals
Benefits: Packing Density / Amorphous Silica
CO2 sequestration
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32. CO2MIN project
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Whole chain:
Feedstock
Processing
User
LCA/TEA
Industrial partner

33. Paper application
1st Tests:
CO2 Cleanup paper
University of Darmstadt
Prof. Schabel:
”The optical properties are better
that I expected. The retention in
the paper is quite good”
”But for a first ”shot” I would rate
the results better as positive”
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Goal: Replacement PCC

34. Polymers
Goal: Replacement: Lime/ Wollastonite
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35. Results CO2MIN
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36. Take home message
1. Make the unknown more known: Mineralisation
CCU, Negative CO2 emissions
2. Look for symbioses (not only CO2)
Ambient: Replace existing civil products
(extra CO2 savings life time)
Accelerated: Manufacture products, products
(and store CO2)
CO2 reduce, re-use & remove
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37. Thanks
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38. MSc Pol Knops
www.green-minerals.nl
Tel: +31 6 5130 4842
Pol.knops@scwsystems.com
Turning CO2 into Value
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