Contribution to workshop by Dutch Rijkswaterstaat for Olivine weathering

1. MSc Pol Knops
Mineralization
1963: 317 ppm
2019: 415 ppm
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2. Olivijn met RWS, Waterschap Friesland
Verkennende Olivijn workshop @ Rijkswaterstaat
2 September 2019
Location: LEF, Rijkswaterstaat Utrecht
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3. Mineralisation
CO2 utilization / CCS / Permanent CO2 sequestration
Direct Air Capture
Negative CO2 emissions
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4. Mineralisation
Negative CO2 emissions
(”geo-engineering”)
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5. Presentation
Introduction course
Accelerated mineralization
Ambient mineralization
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6. © 1990 NaturePublishing Group
1st Publication
Seifritz
Nature 1990
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7. Inspiration: Wallace Broecker
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8. Global CO2 balance
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9. Carbon Deposits
Amount (C)
(X 10E15 kg)
Relative
(%)
Limestone (CaCO3) 35.000 47%
Dolomites (CaCO3MgCO3) 25.000 33%
Sedimentary carbon 15.000 20%
Recoverable fossil fuels 4 0,005%
Oceanic HCO3- CO32- 42 0,056%
Dead Surficial Carbon (humus, peat) 3 0,004%
Atmospheric CO2 0,72 0,00095%
Biomass 0,56 0,0007%
Anthropogenic emissions 0,008/year
Natural (volcanic) 0,00005 /yr (1%)
“Live”
“Dead”
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10. Historical view of mineralization
Products
Products
Products
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11. Companies active in Mineralization
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
Steelslags / Fly ash
• Carbon8
• Carbstone
Olivine
• Green Minerals
Serpentine:
• MCint.
Olivine
•greenSand
Mine tailings
• De Beers
David
Beerling
Cement
•CarbonCure, Solidia,
carbicrete etc.
Brines
•XX
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12. 4. Reaction
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13. Olivine Conference 2012
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14. Olivine publications
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15. Chemical reaction
Coal
Gaseous CO2
Solid Carbonate
ΔH = 11,1 MJ/kg CO2
80%
ΔH = 2,7 MJ/kg CO2
20%
“The ground energy state of carbon
is a mineral carbonate”
Olivine:
Mg2SiO4 + 4CO2 + 2H2O => 2Mg2+ + 4HCO3
- + SiO2
Mg2SiO4 + 2CO2 => 2MgCO3 + SiO2
[∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]
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16. Applications
Civil Replacement CO2 sequestration
Agricultural Lime replacement IPCC CO2
Magnesium fertiliser Nickel
Sludge treatment Stabilization buffer
CO2 sequestration CO2 removal
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17. Results model
Sand
(0-3 mm)
Based:
- pH rainwater
- Full contact
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18. Results model
Sand
(0-3 mm)
Based:
- pH sea-water
- Full contact
pH Rain 5.5
pH Sea 7.95
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19. GreenSand Sales & Prices
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20. Certificates Demo-projects
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21. GreenSand
Scaling up sales (=> lowering prices)
More projects
Selling CO2 credits (to be used in demonstration projects)
More science support (Pascale Bénézeth ?)
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22. Dutch Network
Twente Buying CO2 credits
Starting research
Wageningen Research
Deltares Nickel
Delft
NIOZ ??
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23. International developments
Drawdown Enhanced Weathering
(forth coming attraction)
Project Vesta US Large scale deployment
Negative CO2 emissions conferences
(2018 Gothenburg, next week Oxford)
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24. Mining
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25. Mining
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26. Energy mining, transportation, milling
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Replacement of conventional product

27. Take home message
Look for symbioses (not only CO2)
Ambient: Replace existing civil products
(extra CO2 savings life time)
Accelerated: Manufacture products, products
(and store CO2)
CO2 reduce, re-use & remove
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