Guest lecture at Amsterdam University of Applied Science

1. Amsterdam University of Applied Science
• Date: 28th September 2018
• Location: Amsterdam
• Subject: CDR Carbon Dioxide Removal

2. Eddy Wijnker
@Greensandco2
www.greensand.nl
eddywijnker@gmail.com
Tel: 06-5267 6565
CDR CO2 Dioxde removal
GGR Greenhouse Gas removal
NET Negative Emissions Technologies
Pol Knops
@Greenolivine
www.green-minerals.nl
pol@green-minerals.nl
Tel: 06-51304842

3. Lecture
• Background
• Entrepeneur
Pol Knops 316 ppm
@Greenolivine
Eddy Wijnker
@GreensandCO2

4. Background myself
• Pol Knops
• 55 years
• Applied Physics (MSc. Twente)
• Worked @ Environmental projects,
renewable energy
• Since 8 years involved in Mineralization
– Own process (Accelerated)
– GreenSand (Enhanced mineralization)
– Lecture, awareness etc.

6. Global CO2 balance

7. Carbon deposits
Amount
(X 10E15 kg)
Relative
(%)
Cycle
Limestone (CaCO3) 35.000 47% Long inorganic
Dolomites (CaCO3MgCO3) 25.000 33% Long inorganic
Sedimentary carbon 15.000 20% Long organic
Recoverable fossil fuels 4 0,005% Long organic
Oceanic HCO3- CO32- 42 0,056% Long/short organic
Dead Surficial Carbon
(humus, peat)
3 0,004% Long organic
Atmospheric CO2 0,72 0,00095% Short organic
Biomass 0,56 0,0007% Short organic
Anthropogenic emissions 0,03/year Long organic
Natural (volcanic) 0,0025 /yr Long inorganic
“Live”
“Dead”

8. Pre and post Industrial

9. Carbon emission and reserves
1
10
101
105
104
102
103
106
Carbon storage capacity (Gt)
102
104103
105
Characteristic storage time (years)
Annual
emissions
Fossil carbon
Fossil
consumption

10. Carbon amounts
1
10
101
105
104
102
103
106
Carbon storage capacity (Gt)
102
104103
105
Characteristic storage time (years)
Annual
emissions
Soil carbon
Atmosphere
Biomass
Ocean HCO3
-
Fossil carbon
Ocean carbon
Fossil
consumption

11. Current Carbon storage
1
10
101
105
104
102
103
106
Carbon storage capacity (Gt)
102
104103
105
Characteristic storage time (years)
Annual
emissions
EOR
Ocean
Turnover
Infrastructural
lifetime
Soil carbon
Atmosphere
Biomass
Ocean HCO3
-
Fossil carbon
Ocean
acidic
Ocean carbon
Fossil
consumption

12. CO2 extra storage
1
10
101
105
104
102
103
106
Carbon storage capacity (Gt)
102
104103
105
Characteristic storage time (years)
Annual
emissions
EOR
Ocean
Turnover
Infrastructural
lifetime
Soil carbon
Atmosphere
Biomass
Ocean HCO3
-
Fossil carbon
Ocean
acidic
Ocean carbon
Fossil
consumption
Underground
injection
Mineral
carbonates

13. Drive
• Plenty fossil fuels:
– Coal 3.000 – 5.000 Gigaton C
– Gas
– Shale gas
– Gas hydrate
– Oil
– Oil sand
– Oil shale

14. 1/3rd way
• Energy “hunger”
• Resources available
• Various options:
– Energy efficiency, CCS, Nuclear, Biomass, PV
– Mineralization:
• Natural process
• Well studied
• We need all options
• How & What

15. Prof. Klaus Lackner
Not a resource, but an
environmental problem
“We won’t run out of fossil fuels,
but we are first running out of
environment”

16. Cumulative CO2 emissions

17. Climate measurements
• Mitigation CO2 reduction
• Adaptation Handle the most harsh
consequences
• ”Geo-engineering”
Solar Radiation Management
Carbon Dioxde Removal
• CO2 reduce, re-use & remove

18. Negative Emissions

19. Scenario’s

20. Scenario’s

21. Scenario’s

22. Negative Emissions

23. Sources and Sinks

24. Carbon Dioxide Removal

25. Natural weathering

26. Olivine solution

28. CO2 negative conferences
22 May 2017
410 ppm
28 November 2012
392 ppm

29. Olivine conference 2012 !

30. Olivine conference 2012 !

31. Mineralization reaction
Olivine:
Mg2SiO4 + 4CO2 + 2H2O => 2Mg2+ + 4HCO3
- + SiO2
[∆H = -239.2 kJ/mol]

32. Exothermic reaction
Coal
Gaseous CO2
Solid Carbonate
ΔH = 11,1 MJ/kg CO2
80%
ΔH = 2,7 MJ/kg
CO2
20%
“The ground energy state of carbon
is a mineral carbonate”

33. Weathering
Residual Ores
Ambient
Accelerated
Steelslags / Fly ash
• Carbon8
• Carbstone
Olivine
• Green Minerals
Serpentine:
• MCint.
Olivine
•greenSandMine tailings
• De Beers

34. greenSand
“Let the earth help us to save the earth,”
retired geochemist Olaf Schuiling

35. Agricultural tests
•Wageningen
•Antwerp
•Dutch NIOZ

36. Using Olivine

37. Excel model
Input:
• k-factor
• temperature
• pH
• Particle Size Distribution
• time steps
Assumptions:
• Shrinking core
Output:
• CO2 sequestered
• Magnesium release (& Nickel)
• Alkalinity

38. Results greenSand
Sand
(0-3 mm)
Pebble
(2-6 mm)
Based:
- pH rainwater
- Full contact

39. PBL Netherlands Environmental
Assessment Agency /NIOZ
A: One time application Reaction
replacing 26.4 Mton sand with olivine
sand (PSD 200 um)>
B:Multiple applicationans

40. greenSand Sales and Price

41. Certificates Demo-projects

42. Concluding remarks
• Safely Solid (bi-)Carbonates
• Economically €/ton CO2
1. Product replacement
2. Economy of scale
• CO2 sequestered Model validation
1. New applications
2. Research

43. Safely & Economic Sequestering
CO2 with Olivine

44. Questions
• 1st reduce CO2 emissions
• 2nd re-use and remove CO2
• 3rd turn this into a business case.
• Sustainibility:
– People, planet profit.