The document summarizes the benefits of the PrīmXComposite concrete system compared to traditional steel bar reinforced concrete. The key points are: 1) The PrīmXComposite system uses steel fibre reinforcement and additives to produce a stronger, more durable concrete that requires no waterproofing and is 30% faster to construct. 2) A case study shows the PrīmXComposite system saved over 16 days of construction time and 146 man-days of labor on a project in Norway compared to traditional reinforcement. 3) The steel fibre reinforcement provides a 50% stronger, more crack-resistant, water-tight and jointless concrete that reduces CO2 emissions by 40% compared to traditional reinforcement.

1. of the PrīmXComposite
system that make it the best
application in 80% of all
concrete structures
Five
Values
✓ 50% Stronger Material
✓ 30% Faster Construction
✓ 40% CO2 Emission Saving
✓ Water-tight
✓ Jointless

2. Concrete Rafts,
Walls, Floors…
• No time-consuming, expensive and dangerous tying of reinforcement
mesh and bars for workers
• Time savings on the installation of waterproofing membranes
The well-established PrīmXComposite system uses a high dosage rate (1.2
kilometres of steel per cubic metre of very strong - 3 times stronger than traditional
rebars - steel fibres, blended into concrete using the PrīmX Fibre blower. It ensures
the precisely dosed and homogeneous integration of fibres.
Below you will find a speed comparison of the PrīmXComposite and traditional (steel
bar reinforced) concrete system installing raft (mat) foundation. The comparison is
made based on data from a successful raft foundation installation at one of our
completed projects in Norway. The current project was built with the
PrīmXComposite method and the data comes from the real life application.
3 major steps in the raft foundation construction process:
1. Waterproofing membrane installation;
2. Steel bar/mesh installation; and
3. Concrete casting.
•Raft/mat foundation
•Building site is located only
ten metres from a channel
•High groundwater level
Case Study
5 story building
Norway, Storgata 5,
Fredrikstad
30% Faster
Construction

3. Steps
Traditional Method
(steel bar reinforced)
PrīmXComposite
Waterproofing membrane
installation
7 days
4 workers
28 man-days
1 day
4 workers
4 man-days
Steel bar/mesh installation
15 days
10 workers
150 man-days
5 days
5 workers
25 man-days
Concrete casting
1 day
5 workers
5 man-days
1 day
8 workers
8 man-days
Total:
23 days
183 man days
7 days
37 man days
System Comparison
Additionally, for a traditional system:
• For the traditional method, expensive waterproofing membranes are
needed. In the case of PrīmXComposite, membranes are not placed
as PrīmXComposite concrete is waterproof.
• Membrane installation is dependent on weather conditions and there
is risk of damage during steel bar/mesh installation. In most cases, it
is very difficult to fix if damage occurs.
• Using the traditional method, there are crane rental costs for
unloading steel bars and dangerous conditions for for workers
(unloading, work with steel bar cutters etc.).
• Steel bar delivery and storage requires additional space.
Savings using the
PrīmXComposite system
in the current project:
16 168
Days
saved that can be
used for further
build-up
Man-days
saved due to absence of
steel bar installation and
waterproofing works
3

4. 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Duration in Days
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Traditional Concrete
7 Days
Waterproofing,
measurements, and mould
placement
15 Days
Steel Bar & Mesh Installation
1 Day
Concrete
Casting
1 Day
Measurements and mould placement
5 Days
Starters & Rebar near pile heads
Implementation Time Comparison:
Traditional Concrete to PrīmXComposite
1 Day
Concrete Casting
Time Savings: 16 Days
Labor Savings: 146 Days
Much
faster
Perfect in
limited building
space
Safe for
workers
Watertight

5. 5
In the concrete industry, all professionals
are familiar with the traditional (steel
bar/steel mesh) reinforced concrete
solutions. Integrated in traditional
concrete, steel bars/meshes solve various
structural tasks. However, this system has
challenges:
- installation is time consuming and
therefore a costly process;
- used in watertight solutions, the
traditional system is very expensive and
inefficient from the perspective of
materials used (steel and concrete);
- material is not homogenous; there are
often challenges regarding flexural and
impact resistance;
- amount of steel needed in a traditional
reinforcement solution is often high, so this
type of reinforcement is costly;
- a dedicated zone is required onsite for
unloading;
- installation work (rebar cutters, work
with angle grinder, stumbling possibilities
on mesh etc.) is often dangerous for
workers.
Steel fiber reinforced ultra
performance system
In a steel fibre system, reinforcement is
formed from a high concentration of steel
fibres homogenously distributed into a
concrete matrix.
By adding steel fibres into concrete, the
flexural strength of the composite can be
increased significantly - even 100% or
more - depending on the concrete’s
strength, dosage, amount and strength of
fibres. Steel fibre reinforcement
transforms concrete from a brittle
material with very low flexural strength
into a ductile, spatially reinforced
structure with much higher flexural
strength, better control of cracking,
higher resistance to spalling, improved
fatigue strength and much higher wear
resistance.
NB! 80 kg/m3 12mm steel bars OR
35 kg/m3 steel fibers. Interface
surface: 4m2 vs 23.5 m2
140 meters of
reinforcement bars / 1m3
550 N/mm2 steel
reinforcement bars
10 000 meters of steel
fiber reinforcement /
1m3
1 200 to 1 800 N/mm2
steel fibers
50% Stronger
Material

6. 6
PrīmXComposite system uses steel fibre reinforcement and special anti-
shrinkage additives to ensure non-shrinking, ductile concrete that can be used in
many structures.
Due to special anti-shrinkage additives in the drying process, a chemical pre-
stress is formed that puts fibres in permanent tension. Therefore, fibres act
against the crack formation process and cracking is absolutely minimised.
Cracks are taken into consideration as weakening points for the structure when
making structural calculations. In the case of PrīmXComposite there is no
weakening due to crack formation, or the risk is highly reduced.
In the PrīmXComposite system, we use high-quality steel fibres only. We have
investigated the performance of fibres of different shapes and lengths with our
system, conducting many tests in our own and partner laboratories. In our own
laboratory, we perform more than 300 tests yearly for concrete and fibres.
One of the key benefits when comparing steel bar and steel fibre reinforced
structures is homogenous material properties obtained with steel fibre
technology. To ensure perfect reinforcement distribution, we use special steel
fibre dosing equipment, the PrīmX Fibre blower. View the video to see how we
ensure homogenous fibre distribution:
WATCH HERE

7. 7
Strength
Development
Shrinkage
Stress
crack
shrinkage stress
PrīmXComposite
Concrete
Model on the left schematically shows the
relation between concrete material strength
development and tensile stress development, which
is induced by the restrained drying shrinkage.
Traditional concrete shrinks right after it has been
poured and at a certain point the shrinkage stress
induced exceeds the resistance of the concrete,
which causes the material to crack.
PrīmXComposite concrete works towards reducing
the negative effects of shrinkage stress. The
special, patented formula of additives causes
material expansion and delays the onset of
shrinkage and significantly reduces the amount of
shrinkage of the concrete, therefore drying
shrinkage is practically eliminated.
A high quality end result is obtained through a
careful process of mix design preparation,
controlled addition of PrīmXComposite
shrinkage reducing additives, concrete batch plant
control and onsite concrete control in the form of
fresh concrete testing to ensure mix design
parameters are met.
Model on the right shows loads applied vs. deflection.
You can see, and it is shown in many scientific papers,
that the SFR (Steel Fibre Reinforced) concrete enjoys a
phenomenon called material hardening. This is the SFR
concrete being able to continue to resist loads far
higher than that which cracked the specimen.
Traditional concrete cracks at a lower load and simply
fails with no residual load bearing capacity.
Saying this, it is important to ensure that you use a
quality steel fibre. A force Ʈ (image below) is applied to
pull out the fibre, and this is resisted by the
development of the bond / friction within the concrete -
to the extent of the surface area and length of
embedment.
1st crack
kN
Deflection
Trad. Concrete
SFR Concrete
Material Hardening
Material Hardening Phenomenon
Our design approach is based on full-scale structural testing of round
indeterminate plate tests. These tests result in high plastic tensile strength with
controlled integration of the PrīmXComposite system’s anti shrinkage additives.
Mix design preparation considers the quality of the base materials, the trial mix
testing (slump, density, compressive strength cubes 3, 7 and 28 days) and the
eventual quality control over the execution and casting on site, where fresh
concrete testing is of the utmost importance and is in accordance with ASTM
and CEN guidelines.

8. 8
Tensile force
T
d
1.
L
𝜏
L/2
2.
3.
Matrix
3 Possible Types of Failure
Thousands of tests have been carried out with fibres of different strength class and
shape, to have reliable results upon which to build optimal designs.
Along with tests made with different types of fibres (various tensile strengths, diameters, shape
length) to determine optimal solutions, Primekss has carried out tests to determine the pull-out
force differences between standard SFRC (steel fibre reinforced) and own HPSFRC (High
Performance Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete) technology – PrīmXComposite. The tests
performed indicate that there is on average a 12% increase in pull-out force using
PrīmXComposite concrete. Due to special anti-shrinkage chemical additives being added
during curing of the material, expansion occurs. The expansion is restrained by the
fibres and surrounding concrete, thus there is increased compressive force working on
each fibre, leading to higher pull-out force.
Main benefits due to the increased strength of concrete with the PrīmXComposite system:
• possibility to optimise design and reduce slab thickness resulting in material and cost
economies
• high impact resistance due to spatially integrated reinforcement and absolutely minimised
cracking
• greater fatigue endurance
• reduced maintenance costs as steel fibre reinforced concrete becomes more impact resistant
• longer useful working life.
1. Tension. Embedment in concrete is very strong but the fibre ruptures.
2. Interface bond. The bond between fibre and concrete is not sufficient and the fibre is
pulled out from the concrete.
3. Concrete. Fibre is strong, the bond is strong and when the fibre is pulled out, the
concrete along the fibre is pulled out in a cone.

9. 9
With improved environmental awareness, there is an ever-growing interest in
reducing carbon emissions related to concrete. The Cement industry is
responsible for 6% of the world’s overall CO2 emissions, and this is twice the
amount of CO2 emissions generated by all of the world’s airplanes combined.
Due to the inclusion of steel fibre reinforcement and special anti-shrinkage
additives, the PrīmXComposite system ensures a possibility to cast a strong,
stiff, and jointless concrete slab with significantly reduced slab thickness
compared to traditionally reinforced floors, still exceeding the defined load
bearing capacity. The slab thickness reduction and use of steel fibre
reinforcement in the PrīmXComposite system reduces the consumption of
our limited resources and reduces CO2 emissions during construction. On
average, the PrīmXCoposite system saves 40% of CO2 emissions
compared to traditional steel bar reinforced concrete construction.
40% CO2
Emission
Saving
ECO-friendly construction

10. 10
Design solution
Concrete Steel
CO₂ emission (kg
CO₂/m² of floor) from
m3 kg/m2 Concrete Steel Net
Traditional design (50,000 m2, 150 mm) 7,500 11.7 36.7 11.7 48.4
PrīmXComposite design – Total (50,000 m²) 6,300* 5.0 30.8 5.0 35.9
PrīmXComposite design (40,000 m2, 130 mm) 5,200 5.2 31.8 5.2 37.0
PrīmXComposite design (10,000 m2, 110 mm) 1,100 4.4 26.9 4.4 31.3
* Reduced volume of concrete results in an
estimated 120 fewer trucks on the job site,
assuming a 10 m³ volume drum
Material savings due to PrīmXComposite application:
CO2 calculation based on methodology covered in detail in the scientific paper: “REDUCING
CO2 EMISSIONS OF CONCRETE SLAB CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE PRIME COMPOSITE
SLAB SYSTEM”, Brad J. PEASE, PhD Concrete and Structural Engineer, PrimekssLabs;
Xavier DESTRÉE, Structural Engineer, La Hulpe, Belgium.
CO2 savings calculation:
CO2 savings on concrete: 5.9 kg CO₂ per m² of floor
CO2 savings on steel: 6.7 kg CO₂ per m² of floor
Total CO2 saved on this project: 626,280 kg
Scientific paper covering
methodology and
calculations
DOWNLOAD HERE
Traditional Concrete
reinforced with steel mesh
150mm
all 50,000 m2
PrimXComposite Design
130mm
40,000 m2 110mm
10,000 m2
Cross Dock Area
Example: warehouse with 50,000m2 total area
Selected PrimXComposite over Traditional Concrete
FloorThickness
Warehouse Floor

11. 11
Reduced more than 18 285 525 kg of CO2
emissions in 2017 by customers choosing
PrīmXComposite, the Primekss 20th
Anniversary campaign.
Reducing CO2 emissions lets your Company go GREEN and gain LEED
certification. Projects pursuing LEED certification earn points across several
categories. Based on the number of points achieved, a project then earns one of
four LEED rating levels: Certified, Silver, Gold or Platinum.
Presented with CO2 saver certificate
Ensuring environmentally-friendly construction is one of Primekss’ priorities. To
celebrate Primekss’ 20th anniversary in 2017, a very important charity campaign
was introduced. The campaign intended to give a donation in the amount equal
to the saved CO2 emissions that were achieved by utilising our PrīmXComposite
technology during 2017.
Primekss’ goal for the year 2017 was to install 1,000,000 m2 of PrīmXComposite
structures. During 2017, 812,690 m2 of PrīmXComposite floors and other
concrete structures was installed. It resulted in saving 18,285,525 kg of CO2.
In comparison, a passenger vehicle emits 94 gr/km on average. The distance
around the globe is about 40,000 km. So it is possible to go around the world
5,984 times by car, emitting the same amount of CO2 that we will save with
our unique technology.
allows saving tons of
Carbon Dioxide

12. 12
Edges of cracks deteriorate and, in many cases, debris separated from the
concrete becomes a grinding agent and further supports the floor abrasion
process. The floor is no longer resistant to liquid penetration and is more prone to
further damage: concrete deterioration, possible steel reinforcement corrosion,
joint chipping etc.
Curling is caused by the different drying speed of various material layers. It is a
huge problem for material handling units driving in logistics premises. Curled
edges near the joints/saw cuts slow down the speed, damage the equipment and
are harmful for operators’ health due to vibrations caused by crossing the
damaged and uplifted joints.
To solve problems caused by shrinkage, traditional concrete floor systems use
saw-cut shrinkage control joints every 6 metres and a slip sheet underneath the
slab, but they do not eliminate the problems.
Some more advanced systems without steel
reinforcement have solutions where joints are
extended to 30-50 metres.
However, this is not a solution but an ongoing fight with a problem
that still remains. Even in these systems, dominant joints develop
with a large joint opening and curling still occurs, adding to the cost
of maintenance and repair. It should also be remembered that
curled joint repairs are not long lasting. The process of curling
never stops and repairs will be needed again.
The PrimXComposite system addresses the cause of the problem
instead of fighting the symptoms. In the case of this system, the
shrinkage process is controlled with special anti-shrinkage
additives. The additives in PrīmXComposite bind H2O molecules
and form a micro-scale composite structure, including crystals, that
expand and compress the internal concrete matrix. In this way
cracking is absolutely minimised and curling does not occur.
Jointless
Traditional concrete shrinks during the curing process. As a result, it forms cracks
and curls at the slab edges. Both phenomena raise meaningful problems for
further slab application. Cracking progresses with time due to ongoing shrinkage,
wheel impacts and other factors.
Unlimited size
Jointless slabs

13. 13
The solving of shrinkage-induced issues allows the use of
PrīmXComposite for a practically unlimited size field
casting, without the need for saw cutting or placing joints.
The PrīmXComposite system uses steel fibre reinforcement that allows us to
create ductile, seamless concrete that is so strong it does not need traditional
steel bar reinforcement as a primary reinforcement.
Due to the properties of the material we can optimise traditional floor designs
significantly reducing the slab thickness. Combined with the increased speed of
construction, predictable, high-quality end result (flat, precise structures that stay
flat), the ability to ensure efficient gas and watertight solutions and environment-
friendly construction (saved CO2 emissions), makes PrīmXComposite the best
solution for industrial concrete floors and many other concrete structures.
WATCH HERE
Jointless concrete slabs on ground (full product description on website)
Jointless concrete slabs on piles (full product description on website)

14. 14
Traditional concrete shrinks due to the drying process and forms cracks. Due to
uncontrolled cracking, concrete is not waterproof. Water penetrates the concrete
structure, resulting in different problems including erosion, reinforcement
corrosion etc.
To prevent the penetration of water indoors for foundations and other structures
exposed to water, waterproofing membranes are often used. Membranes work
as a barrier between the water and concrete structure. The traditional concrete
system solves the problem rather than addressing the cause.
The PrimXComposite system addresses
the cause rather than solving the
problem. In the case of this system, the
shrinkage process is controlled with
special anti-shrinkage additives. The
additives in PrīmXComposite bind H2O
molecules and form a micro-scale
composite structure, including crystals
that expand and compress the internal
concrete matrix. This expansion puts the
steel fibres in tension, creating permanent
pre-stress that results in compression of
the concrete.
Steel fibre integration ensures
homogenous reinforcement throughout
and has a significant impact on the
reduction of crack width as they hold
together cracks from the very start of their
development.
Water-tight
From the beginning, the PrīmXComposite system has been designed to address
a major drawback with traditional concrete– shrinkage and the problems it
causes: slab edge curling, cracking etc.
Effective water-
tight solutions

15. In this way, the concrete structure is much more homogenous and the
absence of cracks allows the material to be used in watertight concrete
structures.
A watertight concrete structure in turn means huge savings on waterproofing
membranes, its installation time and associated costs, including costly
groundwater pumping.
See the animation where watertight PrīmXComposite concrete is used to install
the watertight foundation plate (PrīmXComposite Raft foundation).
WATCH HERE