This document summarizes the research and development activities at the Rayong Field Crops Research Center in Thailand. It discusses the economic importance of cassava globally and in Thailand, where Thailand is the world's leading exporter. It then describes the research center's work in germplasm collection and characterization, tissue culture, breeding new varieties, agronomy research, and plant protection. Specifically, it discusses varieties released over the past 40 years through the center's breeding program. Finally, it briefly touches on the center's services providing support to farmers and the various ways cassava is utilized, such as for food, bioplastics, ethanol, and starch production.

1. Research and Development
in Rayong Field Crops Research Center
Suwaluk Amawan
Agricultural Scientist
Rayong Field Crops Research Center
Field Crops and Renewable Crops Research institue,
Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

2. Economic World Situation
Research and Development
Varieties Released
Outline
Economic Thailand Situation
Utilization

3. Economic World Situation

4. Economic World Situation
The importance of cassava
• Cassava is an important food crop in the world
• Cassava is an important food crop in tropical countries
Specific countries; Africa and South America
• In Asia, Indonesia and India are consuming a lot of cassava
Food Animal feed Other benefits
Production
(percent)
60 27.5 12.5

5. Economic World Situation
2012, Thailand is no.2 of the world:
Production of cassava 29.84 million tons
2. Thai: 29.84 Million tons
3. Indonesia : 24.17 Million tons
4. Brazil: 23.04 Million tons
1. Nigeria: 54.0 Million tons

6. Economic World Situation
Cassava export country
Quantity: tons.

7. Economic World Situation
Exports of cassava, 2011
Major exporting country is Thailand ; have 79.56%
of all market

8. Economic Thailand Situation

9. Situation of cassava in ThailandEconomic Situation of Thailand
Thailand is the world’s leading exporter

10. Economic Situation of Thailand
Exports of cassava products in Thailand from 2008 -2012
Volume: million tons.
Pellet
Cassava-
chip
Starch
Modified-
starch
All product
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

11. Economic Situation of Thailand
Year 2014 expected price cassava farm is close to the year 2013
Situation Marketing year 2014
The average price 83 US$/ton

12. Rayong Field Crops Research Center

13. Department of Agriculture
Field Crops Research Institute
Rayong Field Crops Research Center
Ministry of Agriculture
and Cooperatives

14. Soybean
Sugarcane
Corn Sesame
Cassava

15. Research and Development

16. Laboratory Field
Plant genetic resources
Cassava germplasm collection

17. Characterization
Tissue Culture

18. Tissue culture
Germplasm

19. Somatic embryogenesis
Tissue Culture

20. Breeding
Fertilization.
F1 seeds
F1 seedling

21. 2. Single-Row trial600-800 clones
3. Preliminary trial100-140 clones
4. Standard trial 20-30 clones
5. Regional trial 8-12 clones
6. On Farm trial 3-5 clones
7. On Field test 2-3 clones
1. F1 seedling trial 10,000-12,000 seedlings
Breeding

22. Breeding
Main Objectives
Industry
- High yield and High starch content
- Early bulking
- Ethanol
Edible
- High yield , low HCN
- Good test, texture, nutritions
Resistant to Pest & Disease

23. Agronomy

24. Preparing land

25. Cassava propagation
• Healthy stem
• 8 – 12 months
Steak 20-25 cm.

26. Soil conservation & improvement

27. Soil conservation & improvement
Organic fertilizer green manure

28. Fertilizer
Chemical fertilization
Apply at 1-2 month
312 Kg./ha in loamy clay
625 Kg./ha in sandy soil

29. Plant protection

30. Plant protection
Weed control

31. Diseases
Cassava anthracnose disease
(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis)
Cassava bacterial blight
(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis)
Plant protection

32. Brown leaf spot
(Cercospora henningsii)
Root rots
(Phytophthora drechsleri,
Pythium spp., Sclerotium sp.)
Plant protection

33. Insect pests of cassava in Thailand
Red spider mite
Whitefly
Mealy bug

34. Insect
Red spider mite
mouth part
body part
- size 100-400 micron - body part
- body separate 2 part - 4 pair of legs
- mouth part - sucking type mouth part
Life cycle of
spider mite
Life cycle of
spider miteegg
Lavar Nymph 1
Nymph 2
Adult maleAdult female

35. Insect
Whitefly
Life cycle of
whitefly
Life cycle of
whitefly

36. Insect
Striped Mealy bug Jack Beardsley Mealy bug
Madeira Mealy bug Pink Mealy bug
Mealy bug

37. bunchy top die back
stem is dense
Symptom of
damages
low Yield
Insect

38. Parasite Predators
Anagyrus sp.
Natural enemies

39. Male
Anagyrus lopezi
Female
A. lopezi has efficiency for controlling pink
maelybag about 35-50 mealy bug per day
Natural enemies
PARASITOID FOR PINK MEALY BUG CONTROLLING
IN THAILAND

40. Cassava Released Varieties
in Thailand

41. Rayong 1 Year Released 1975
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails
22 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)
13.6 t/ha
Starch content 18-24 %

42. Rayong 2 Year Released 1984
Sweet type for human consumption
Moderately high yield 19 t/ha
Low starch content 14 %

43. Rayong 3 Year Released 1984
Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials
19.9 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)
11.8 t/ha
Starch content 23-28 %

44. Rayong 60 Year Released 1987
Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials
26.5 t/ha
Avg. fresh rots yield (Farmers’ field)
14.7 t/ha
Starch content 18-25 %

45. Rayong 90 Year Released 1991
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trials
24.8 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)
14.7 t/ha
Starch content 24-29 %

46. Rayong 5 Year Released 1994
Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails
25.6 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’
field) 18.1 t/ha
Starch content 22-27 %

47. Rayong 72 Year released 2000
Avg. fresh roots yield from 108
trails 31.6 t/ha
Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’
field) 25.0 t/ha
Starch content 20-25 %

48. Rayong 7 Year released 2005
Good for late rainy season
Avg. fresh roots yield 25 t/ha
Starch content 23-28 %

49. Rayong 9 Year released 2006
High ethanol yield 180 l/ton
of fresh root
Avg. fresh roots yield 30.6 t/ha
Starch content 24-30 %

50. Rayong 11 Year released 2010
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 27.7 t/ha
Starch content 26-32 %

51. Rayong 86-13 Year released 2013
High starch yield
Avg. fresh roots yield 28.18 t/ha
Starch content 26.3 % (rainy season)

52. Kasetsart 50 Year released 1992
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 26.6 t/ha
Starch content 22-28 %

53. Hauy Bong 60 Year released 2003
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 30 t/ha
Starch content 25-30 %

54. Hauy Bong 80 Year released 2010
High starch content
Avg. fresh roots yield 31.25 t/ha
Starch content 27.3%

55. Service

56. Service
Distribution pieces of cassava to farmers

57. • Workshops
• Distribution of parasitoids
• Demonstration of release parasitoids
to cassava field of farmers
training

58. Utilization

59. Thai dessert and snack

60. bakery

61. Bioplastic

62. Ethanol Industry

63. Cassava factory
Cassava chip

64. Cassava factory
Starch

65. Thank you for your listening