IUGONET

1. 1
Challenge to
the Data-intensive Science
in Upper Atmospheric
Research in Japan
Y. Koyama*1, K. Kurakawa, Y. Sato, Y. Tanaka,
S. Abe, D. Ikeda, M. Nose, A. Shinbori,
N. Umemura, T. Iyemori, S. UeNo, M. Yagi,
and A. Yatagai
*1Graduate School of Science, Kyoto Univeristy
& WDC for Geomag., Kyoto, Japan
This is the final year of this projectt,
& My contract will expires.

2. My viewpoint
 Here I position my talk in
this session as right figure.
 Many presenters will talk
about bottom layer.
 So, I would like to
emphasize the necessity
of connection of these
three layers on the
Internet.
2
Tony Hey, Stewart Tansley, & Kristin Tolle (Eds.). (2009).
The Fourth Paradigm: Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery.
Microsoft Research.
Retrieved from http://research.microsoft.com/en-
us/collaboration/fourthparadigm/default.aspx
Redefined by Y. KOYAMA.
Myviewpoint

3. CAUTION
 To stay away from confusion, it is important to clarify the
presenter's and listener’s position.
 Candidates of Stakeholder for this topic are
 Researcher,
 Data Publisher,
 Journal Publisher,
 Funding Agency,
 President of Institute,
 Voter,
 Tax Payer,
 and so on.
 Today, I talk in a Researcher's position.
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4. Problems of Scholarly
Communication
 From the beginning of journal
history,
 It is difficult to reach data.
 Tables in body text, and in
appendix is not enough.
 Repositories is not enough for
Big Data, and Data already
released on the Internet.
 It is difficult to reproduce.
 Reproducibility is poor from the
beginning. In addition,
 We are now facing Big Data.
 The number of papers is
increasing from 2000
dramatically.
 May we ignore this
situation?
4
doi:10.1098/rstl.1665.0007
R. Boyle

5. Linkage between paper and dataset
in Japan
 Japan Link Center (JaLC) was established in 2012 as
the 9th Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Registration
Agency in the world.
 JaLC is same rank of CrossRef and DataCite basically,
but JaLC is also under the umbrella of CrossRef and
DataCite simultaneously. (this situation is
complecated.)
 JaLC will has a function which gives DOI to dataset
and JaLC’s metadata format is compatible of
DataCite’s one.
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6. DOI,
ORCID
DOI,
ORCID
Linkage between paper and dataset
in near future.
• Europe, U.S, and Australia
are progressing more than
Japan.
• In near future, Data
Publication & Citation will
be spreaded all over the
world.

7. How to reproduce the
contents of the paper?
 Here, I would like to ask you a question again.
[Q] “If you reach the dataset by Data Publication and
Citation, can you reproduce the result of the paper?”
 My answer is NO.
 To reach data is just the first step toward reproduce.
 Metadata to explain the dataset is needed.
 Then general metadata by DataCite/JaLC is insufficient,
and domain specific metadata is needed such as
IUGONET metadata.
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8. Lack of Quick Look
 Moreover, at least, Quick Look and Data
Analysis Software code should be shared. And
it should be freely distributed.
 Code Citation is needed.
 Is that all?
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9. 1st
2nd
3rd
Cliffs of Intermediate Data Layer
4thDOI
DOI • The data-analysis procedure
written by natural language in
literature is insufficient
because of lack of information.
• The literature and published data
through intermediate data need to
be connected on the Internet.
• The code which outputs and
understands data-analysis
procedure in machine-readable
format is needed.This figure is expressing the situation
that Intermediata Data Layer is not
shared on the Internet.

10. Which field is the best
as testbed to realize this?
 Upper Atmospheric Research is the best.
 Far from ELSI (Ethical, Legal, Social Issues).
 Far from Big Data that is generated by the mobile sensor
devices with GPS.
 Open Data Culture is rooted from International Polar Year
(IGY:1957-1958) and most Data have already shared on
the Internet. It is very good starting point.
 IUGONET, ESPAS, and V*Os already exist.There product
and community become the base.
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11. Data-Published Data is
connected,
 Inheritance of
knowledge becomes
more certainly.
 Reproduction of
knowledge accelerates.
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+

12. Conclusion
 I pointed out the importance of cooperation of Literature,
Intermediate Data, and Published Data on the Internet.
 To realize these connection, sharing of following items are
needed.
 Data,
 Metadata,
 Persistent Identifer to specify Dataset, Subset, and Granule.
 Code for understand metadata, generate and understand data-
analysis procdure in machine-readable format, visualize,
analyze data,
 Data Sharing Infrastructure.
 The human resource to realize this!
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