The document summarizes key events during the French Revolution from 1791 to 1795. It describes the formation of the Legislative Assembly under the new constitution and King Louis XVI's failed attempt to escape France in 1791 which cost him popularity. It also mentions the Legislative Assembly declaring war on Austria after other countries threatened to restore Louis to power. The document then discusses the rise of radical groups like the Jacobins and Sans-culottes and key figures like Marat who pushed for more radical changes. It outlines the overthrow of the monarchy, trial and execution of Louis XVI, and the start of the Reign of Terror under the Committee of Public Safety led by Robespierre which saw thousands executed before his own downfall

2. Legislative Assembly Formed
• New Constitution of 1791 set up a
limited monarchy—still had King
Louis XVI
• However, LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
would make the laws

3. Louis Tries to Escape toLouis Tries to Escape to
VarennesVarennesJune 20, 1791June 20, 1791
Headed toward theHeaded toward the
LuxembourgLuxembourg
border.border.
The King wasThe King was
recognized atrecognized at
Varennes, nearVarennes, near
the border andthe border and
brought back to Paris. His popularity with thebrought back to Paris. His popularity with the
people of Paris was NO more.people of Paris was NO more.

4. Legislative Assembly Declares War on
Austria
• Austria and Prussia threatened to
use force to restore Louis XVI
back to power
• L.A. declares war FIRST!

5. AttitudesAttitudes
& actions& actions
ofof
monarchymonarchy
& court& court
AttitudesAttitudes
& actions& actions
ofof
monarchymonarchy
& court& court
Fear ofFear of
Counter-Counter-
RevolutionRevolution
Fear ofFear of
Counter-Counter-
RevolutionRevolution
ReligiousReligious
divisionsdivisions
ReligiousReligious
divisionsdivisions
PoliticalPolitical
divisionsdivisions
PoliticalPolitical
divisionsdivisionsWarWarWarWar
EconomicEconomic
CrisesCrises
EconomicEconomic
CrisesCrises
The Causes ofThe Causes of
Instability in FranceInstability in France
1792 - 17951792 - 1795
The Causes ofThe Causes of
Instability in FranceInstability in France
1792 - 17951792 - 1795

6. The JacobinsThe Jacobins
Jacobin Meeting HouseJacobin Meeting House
 They held their meetings in theThey held their meetings in the
library of a former Jacobinlibrary of a former Jacobin
monastery in Paris.monastery in Paris.
 Started as a debating society.Started as a debating society.
 Membership mostly middle class.Membership mostly middle class.
 Created a vast network of clubs.Created a vast network of clubs.

7. TheThe “Purifying” Pot of“Purifying” Pot of
the Jacobinthe Jacobin

8. TheThe Sans-Culottes:Sans-Culottes:
The Parisian Working ClassThe Parisian Working Class
 Became politically activeBecame politically active
 Eventually came to be anyEventually came to be any
Revolutionary citizenRevolutionary citizen
 Forced LA to call for aForced LA to call for a
National ConventionNational Convention
 Wanted ALL male citizens toWanted ALL male citizens to
vote and decide France’svote and decide France’s
futurefuture

9. Jean-Paul MaratJean-Paul Marat
(1744 – 1793)(1744 – 1793)
Wrote and Published Friend of
the People
“I believe in the cutting off of heads”
Mob violence and the right of the
poor to take what they needed from
the rich
Made Jacobins more radical, and
condemned the Girondins

10. Committee for PublicCommittee for Public
SafetySafety
 Revolutionary Tribunals.Revolutionary Tribunals.
 300,000 arrested.300,000 arrested.
 40,000 – 50,000 executed.40,000 – 50,000 executed.

11. The Storming of theThe Storming of the
Tuilieres:Tuilieres:
August 9-10, 1792August 9-10, 1792

12. Louis XVILouis XVI’s Head’s Head (Jan 21, 1793)(Jan 21, 1793)
c The trial wasThe trial was
hastened by discoveryhastened by discovery
of documents found inof documents found in
a secret cupboard ina secret cupboard in
the Tuilieres.the Tuilieres.
c Proved LouisProved Louis’’
knowledge andknowledge and
encouragement ofencouragement of
foreign intervention.foreign intervention.
c The NationalThe National
Convention votedConvention voted
387 to 334387 to 334 toto
executeexecute

13. The Death ofThe Death of “Citizen” Louis“Citizen” Louis
CapetCapet
Matter for reflectionMatter for reflection
for the crownedfor the crowned
jugglers.jugglers.
So impure bloodSo impure blood
doesn'tdoesn't’t soil our land!’t soil our land!

15. Phase 5: The Reign of TerrorPhase 5: The Reign of Terror
Terror is nothing other than justice,Terror is nothing other than justice,
prompt, severe, inflexible.prompt, severe, inflexible. ----
RobespierreRobespierre
Let terror be theLet terror be the
order of the day!order of the day!
Revolutionary Tribunal ofRevolutionary Tribunal of
Paris executed 2,639 in 15Paris executed 2,639 in 15
months.months.
Total number of victimsTotal number of victims
nationwide was over 20,000!nationwide was over 20,000!

16. Attempts to Control theAttempts to Control the
Growing CrisisGrowing Crisis1. Revolutionary Tribunal in Paris1. Revolutionary Tribunal in Paris
* Try suspected counter-revolutionaries.* Try suspected counter-revolutionaries.
2. Watch Committees2. Watch Committees
** Keep an eye on foreigners & suspects.Keep an eye on foreigners & suspects.
3. Try & execute rebels3. Try & execute rebels
4. Print more4. Print more assignatsassignats
** to pay for the warto pay for the war
5. Committee of Public Safety5. Committee of Public Safety
6. Committee of General Security6. Committee of General Security

17. ““The Death of Marat”The Death of Marat”
by Jacques Louis David,by Jacques Louis David,
17931793
Killed
by
Charlotte
Corday

20. Marie AntoinetteMarie Antoinette
on the Way to theon the Way to the
GuillotineGuillotine

21. Marie Antoinette Died inMarie Antoinette Died in
October, 1793October, 1793

22. Georges JacquesGeorges Jacques
DantonDanton
(1759 – 1794)(1759 – 1794)Minister of Justice for the
Paris Commune
Robespierre had him put
on trial and executed
Had led the charge to
seek revenge on those
who aided the king and
resisted the popular will

23. Legislation Passed byLegislation Passed by
thethe
National ConventionNational Convention1.1. Law of General MaximumLaw of General Maximum
 Limited prices of grain & other essentialsLimited prices of grain & other essentials
 Hoarders rooted out and punished.Hoarders rooted out and punished.
2.2. Law of SuspectsLaw of Suspects
Anyone not expressing enthusiastic supportAnyone not expressing enthusiastic support
for the republic could be placed under arrest!for the republic could be placed under arrest!

24. MaximillianMaximillian
RobespierreRobespierre
(1758 – 1794)(1758 – 1794)

25. • Robespierre was growing unpopular
• Law of 22 Prairial—stripped defendants of
all their rights
• June-July 1794, revolutionary tribunal
found nearly 80% of suspects guilty.
• In 6 weeks—more than 1,300 executions
– Almost 31 per day

26. • Robespierre makes list of names to
punish. But refuses to name names
• July 28, the Convention stormed the town
hall to arrest Robespierre
• They found him with a gunshot wound to
is jaw.
• That evening, Robespierre was guillotined

27. The Overthrow of
Robespierre and the end
of the Terror

28. The RevolutionThe Revolution
ConsumesConsumes
Its Own Children!Its Own Children!
Danton AwaitsDanton Awaits
Execution, 1794Execution, 1794
Robespierre Lies WoundedRobespierre Lies Wounded
Before the RevolutionaryBefore the Revolutionary
Tribunal that will order himTribunal that will order him
to be guillotined, 1794.to be guillotined, 1794.

29. Social Classes ExecutedSocial Classes Executed
28%
31%
25%
8%
7%

30. Napoleon
• A popular general, overthrew the
Directory, helped set-up a new
government, and eventually held complete
power.
• Remember:
Getting rid of the
Dictator is the EASY
PART!