1) The French Revolution led to war with Austria and other European monarchies who wanted to restore the French monarchy and prevent the spread of revolutionary ideals. 2) Internal power struggles in France led Maximilien Robespierre and the radical Jacobins to seize power and institute a Reign of Terror, executing thousands of enemies of the revolution. 3) Robespierre consolidated power and established a dictatorship, but eventually his rivals turned on him and he was arrested and executed, bringing the Reign of Terror to an end.