This document provides an overview of compostable plastics, including definitions of key terms, standards, challenges, and issues. It discusses the history of bioplastics and differences between biobased, biodegradable, degradable, and compostable materials. While biobased content and compostability are desirable, sustainability requires considering additional factors like feedstocks, recyclability, and performance. Compostable plastics face challenges like inconsistent labeling, confusion with terms, and restrictions for use in organic programs.
2010 1028 platt and levine sbc_spc_openforum_102810 finalspickell
The document discusses what makes a biomaterial sustainable. It introduces the Sustainable Biomaterials Collaborative, which is working to develop sustainability guidelines for biomaterials. It outlines a framework for sustainable biomaterials that covers biomass feedstock sourcing, production and use, and end of life. Key challenges with bioplastics are identified such as concerns over GMOs, developing adequate composting programs, and potential contamination of recycling systems. The document advocates taking a life cycle approach and defining sustainability criteria around principles like sustainable feedstocks, green chemistry, and closed loop systems. Market-based tools like purchasing specifications and working landscape certificates are presented as ways to promote sustainable biomaterials.
This document summarizes a presentation about criteria for sustainable biomaterials. It introduces the Sustainable Biomaterials Collaborative, which is working to develop guidelines for sustainable biomaterials across their lifecycle from feedstock sourcing to end of life. The presentation notes that not all biobased products are equally sustainable and discusses various challenges around ensuring biomass feedstocks are grown sustainably, products are recyclable or compostable, and labeling is clear.
The document summarizes Dr. Jim Lunt's presentation on the evolving bioplastics landscape for fibers and films. It defines biobased and biodegradable plastics, outlines the major classifications of bioplastics including biobased polymers and biodegradable polymers. It discusses the major bioplastics producers and their production capacities. It analyzes the markets for bioplastic films and fibers and highlights the challenges bioplastics currently face in competing with conventional plastics. Finally, it outlines new biobased monomers and polymers that may expand the use of bioplastics in the future.
It deals about advantages,Disadvantages, Properties and types of biodegradable plastics and their applications in day today's world. It also says about the use bioplastics and its benefits.
This document provides an introduction and overview of bioplastics. It defines key terms like biodegradable, biobased, and standards for compostability. The drivers for bioplastics include being renewable, having reduced environmental impact, and addressing end-of-life disposal issues. Projections show strong growth in bioplastics production and demand over the next 5 years. While compostable bioplastics are growing, durable bioplastic applications are expected to account for nearly 40% of the market by 2011 to address performance shortcomings of compostable plastics. Emerging technologies may expand bioplastic uses in electronics and automotive industries.
It's about synthesis of bioplastic. specifically about PHA and bioplastic synthesis from red algae. It was completed under guidance of Mr. Abdul Shafiullah, Lecturer SSC, Shimoga
This document provides an overview of biodegradable polymers. It begins by defining biodegradable polymers as polymeric materials that can be broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi into carbon dioxide, water and biomass. It then discusses the history of biodegradable polymers and describes the three main classes: conventional non-biodegradable plastics, partially degradable plastics containing natural fibers, and completely biodegradable plastics derived from natural sources like starch. The document also outlines the types of biodegradable polymers including naturally occurring resins like starch and proteins, and biodegradable synthetic resins. Finally, it discusses applications of biodegradable polymers in packaging.
2010 1028 platt and levine sbc_spc_openforum_102810 finalspickell
The document discusses what makes a biomaterial sustainable. It introduces the Sustainable Biomaterials Collaborative, which is working to develop sustainability guidelines for biomaterials. It outlines a framework for sustainable biomaterials that covers biomass feedstock sourcing, production and use, and end of life. Key challenges with bioplastics are identified such as concerns over GMOs, developing adequate composting programs, and potential contamination of recycling systems. The document advocates taking a life cycle approach and defining sustainability criteria around principles like sustainable feedstocks, green chemistry, and closed loop systems. Market-based tools like purchasing specifications and working landscape certificates are presented as ways to promote sustainable biomaterials.
This document summarizes a presentation about criteria for sustainable biomaterials. It introduces the Sustainable Biomaterials Collaborative, which is working to develop guidelines for sustainable biomaterials across their lifecycle from feedstock sourcing to end of life. The presentation notes that not all biobased products are equally sustainable and discusses various challenges around ensuring biomass feedstocks are grown sustainably, products are recyclable or compostable, and labeling is clear.
The document summarizes Dr. Jim Lunt's presentation on the evolving bioplastics landscape for fibers and films. It defines biobased and biodegradable plastics, outlines the major classifications of bioplastics including biobased polymers and biodegradable polymers. It discusses the major bioplastics producers and their production capacities. It analyzes the markets for bioplastic films and fibers and highlights the challenges bioplastics currently face in competing with conventional plastics. Finally, it outlines new biobased monomers and polymers that may expand the use of bioplastics in the future.
It deals about advantages,Disadvantages, Properties and types of biodegradable plastics and their applications in day today's world. It also says about the use bioplastics and its benefits.
This document provides an introduction and overview of bioplastics. It defines key terms like biodegradable, biobased, and standards for compostability. The drivers for bioplastics include being renewable, having reduced environmental impact, and addressing end-of-life disposal issues. Projections show strong growth in bioplastics production and demand over the next 5 years. While compostable bioplastics are growing, durable bioplastic applications are expected to account for nearly 40% of the market by 2011 to address performance shortcomings of compostable plastics. Emerging technologies may expand bioplastic uses in electronics and automotive industries.
It's about synthesis of bioplastic. specifically about PHA and bioplastic synthesis from red algae. It was completed under guidance of Mr. Abdul Shafiullah, Lecturer SSC, Shimoga
This document provides an overview of biodegradable polymers. It begins by defining biodegradable polymers as polymeric materials that can be broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi into carbon dioxide, water and biomass. It then discusses the history of biodegradable polymers and describes the three main classes: conventional non-biodegradable plastics, partially degradable plastics containing natural fibers, and completely biodegradable plastics derived from natural sources like starch. The document also outlines the types of biodegradable polymers including naturally occurring resins like starch and proteins, and biodegradable synthetic resins. Finally, it discusses applications of biodegradable polymers in packaging.
The document summarizes the challenges of harvesting and processing algae for biofuels at commercial scale. It notes that while algae have the potential to address fuel demand through high lipid production, the technology is still underdeveloped and economics are uncertain. Key challenges include achieving consistent and high biomass and lipid yields, controlling cultivation systems, nutrient delivery, low biomass concentrations, and developing cost-effective harvesting and processing methods to concentrate the diluted algae and extract the lipids. Existing harvesting technologies all have tradeoffs between effectiveness, capital costs, and operating costs.
Powerpoint presentation on bioplastics, history of bioplastics, Producing bioplastics, Biodegradable polymers, PHB: case study. producing PHB, History of PHB, Strains to produce PHB, applications of PHB, Companies using PHB, Companies using bioplastics, Current status of Bioplastic, Potential of Bioplastics, Conclusion
Based on the FTC Green Guides, this glossary developed by J. Ottman Consulting provides a clear breakdown of the various terminologies used in sustainability communications, including when to use "biodegradable" vs other terms such as "compostable", "renewable", "natural", or "biobased". This tools aims to help communications avoid inadvertent "greenwashing" and possible backlash.
BIO PLASTIC a green alternative to plasticsMirza Beg
Bioplastic is presented as a green alternative to conventional plastics which are derived from petroleum. Bioplastics are derived from renewable biomass sources like vegetable oils, corn starch, and sugarcane. They are biodegradable and do not have the same negative environmental impacts as petroleum-based plastics which are not biodegradable. Common types of bioplastics include PLA, PHA, starch-based and cellulose-based plastics. While bioplastics have benefits like being renewable and reducing pollution, they also have disadvantages like using land that could grow food and being more expensive than conventional plastics.
The document discusses bioplastics and their role in sustainability. Bioplastics are either made from biological sources like plants or are biodegradable. While plastics currently make up about 225 million tons annually and are mostly non-biodegradable, bioplastics production is growing over 20% per year due to their sustainability advantages. Bioplastics can substitute for traditional plastics in packaging and other single-use products to reduce litter, or serve as durable replacements through equal or lower carbon footprints and reduced reliance on oil. Their growth will continue as brands and consumers recognize the environmental benefits of bioplastics.
Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable plant sources such as corn starch, sugarcane, and soybeans. They are more environmentally friendly than traditional petroleum-based plastics because they produce fewer carbon emissions and are biodegradable. Bioplastics are manufactured by breaking down starch into lactic acid, which is then polymerized into polylactic acid plastic. Major applications of bioplastics discussed include packaging, catering products, gardening supplies, electronics casings, medical products, and sanitary items. Companies like Toyota are using bioplastics in auto parts and plan increased production to replace petroleum plastics.
The document discusses bioplastics and polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs). PHBs are biodegradable plastics produced by microorganisms like bacteria under nutrient stress. About 75 genera of bacteria are known to produce PHBs when grown in carbon and nitrogen limited media. The major challenge is making PHB extraction economically viable on an industrial scale to compete with cheap synthetic plastics. By-products of PHB formation that have alternative fuel applications could enhance the industrial and economic feasibility of PHBs.
This document summarizes a project to develop sustainable bioplastic container systems for greenhouse and nursery crop production. The project aims to create bioplastic containers that function as well as petroleum-based plastics during plant growth but can then degrade, providing fertilizer or soil conditioning. Over four billion petroleum plastic containers are used annually but less than 2% are recycled. The project will screen bioplastic formulations, improve top performers, and collaborate with manufacturers and growers to commercialize the best materials. Eighteen formulations were developed and ten prototypes will be commercially tested.
This document discusses bioplastics, which are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, or microbiota. It describes the classification of plastics as thermosets or thermoplastics and classifications based on origin as synthetic, bioplastic, biodegradable, or non-biodegradable. Key bioplastic polymers discussed include starch-based, sugar-based, and cellulose-based bioplastics as well as synthetic materials. The document also outlines various microorganisms involved in bioplastic production, drivers for bioplastics, and sustainability considerations.
Production of Bioplastic Film using Biodegradable Resin, PLA (Polylactic Acid)Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Production of Bioplastic Film using Biodegradable Resin, PLA (Polylactic Acid). Biodegradable Film Manufacturing Business - Sustainable Alternative to Plastics
Bioplastic is a biodegradable material that come from renewable sources and can be used to reduce the problem of plastic waste that is suffocating the planet and polluting the environment.
These are 100% degradable, equally resistant and versatile, already used in agriculture, textile industry, medicine and, over all, in the container and packaging market, and biopolymers are already becoming popular in cities throughout Europe and the United States for ecological reasons: they are known as PHA.
Advantages of Bioplastics:
• They reduce carbon footprint
• They providing energy savings in production
• They do not involve the consumption of non-renewable raw materials
• Their production reduces non-biodegradable waste that contaminates the environment
• They do not contain additives that are harmful to health, such as phthalates or Bisphenol A
• They do not change the flavor or scent of the food contained
See more
https://goo.gl/54LqSQ
https://goo.gl/EaPVp1
https://goo.gl/QJQWFT
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Production of Biodegradable Plastic Films, Production of Biodegradable Plastic Packaging Film, Production of Bioplastic Products, Bioplastic Production, Bioplastic Film for Food Packaging, Production of Bioplastic, Bioplastic Manufacturing Process Pdf, Bioplastic Production Process, Bioplastic Production PPT, Bioplastic Manufacturing Plant, Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Process, Film Production from Bioplastics, Bioplastic Film Production, Bio Plastic Films, 100% Recyclable & Biodegradable Plastic Film, Bioplastics Film, Bioplastics Industry, Bioplastics Industry, How to Start a Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Company? Applications of Bioplastics, Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Biodegradable and Compostable Alternatives to Conventional Plastics, Biodegradable Plastic, Bioplastic Production, Project Report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing Industry, Detailed Project Report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Project Report on Bioplastic Film Production, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Bioplastic Film Production, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Bioplastic Film Production, Feasibility report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Free Project Profile on Bioplastic Film Production, Project profile on Bio plastic Film Production, Download free project profile on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Corn Starch Bioplastic Film, Bioplastic film compounds, Bioplastic Films Replacing Conventional Plastic Films
Chapter 9 a biorefinery processing polymers productionAlex Sar
This document discusses biorefineries and the production of polymers from biomass. It defines biorefineries as analogous to petroleum refineries, using biomass as a renewable feedstock instead of crude oil. Biomass can include carbohydrates, lignin, triglycerides, mixed organic residues, and chitin/chitosan from seafood waste. Pretreatment and fractionation of biomass is needed before further processing. The goal of biorefineries is to sustainably produce fuels, power, and value-added chemicals like polymers from biomass.
ARE “BIOPLASTICS” A SCAM OR THE SOLUTION TO OUR ENVIRONMENTAL PLASTIC PROBLEMS?TidalVision
There are many types of plastics, including bioplastics made from renewable biomass sources like vegetable oils, corn starch, and pea starch. However, not all plastics and bioplastics degrade in the same way or are equally environmentally friendly. While bioplastics may seem like a solution, their production and sustainability depends on factors like source of biomass and degradation properties. Scientists are working on new types of bioplastics like those made from chitosan, a fiber in shells, that may be the first fully degradable and non-toxic functional plastic.
Bio-plastics are plastics that are either derived from renewable biomass sources like vegetable oils or are biodegradable. There are several types of bio-plastics including starch-based, cellulose-based, and aliphatic polyesters like PLA and PHA which are produced by bacteria. Compared to conventional plastics, bio-plastics have benefits like lower carbon emissions, lower toxicity, and some can biodegrade, but they also have drawbacks like higher costs and potential issues with GMOs. Bio-plastics production is growing due to advantages for certain applications and their more environmentally friendly nature.
Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.
This document summarizes an experiment conducted by Vania Lundina to verify how the length of a conductor affects its resistance according to Ohm's Law. The experiment involved measuring the resistance of copper wires of varying lengths (10-35 cm) using a voltmeter, ammeter, and power supply. The results showed that resistance increased with increasing length, supporting the conclusion that resistance is directly proportional to length as predicted by Ohm's Law. Some variability between trials was attributed to inaccuracies in measuring wire length.
The protagonist Jack is represented in a masculine and stereotypical way as a lower class drug dealer through his dark, baggy clothing and lonely living situation. Scenes show him preparing drugs for dealing in a precise manner that suggests he has been doing so for a long time, reinforcing the stereotype. Editing aspects like showing him sorting drugs and knowing where to go without directions further characterize him as a professional dealer.
Un blog es un sitio web actualizado periódicamente por uno o más autores donde se publican artículos de forma cronológica. Se pueden crear blogs gratuitos en plataformas como Blogger o Blogspot, donde los usuarios pueden registrarse, crear entradas y compartir documentos en línea.
The document summarizes the challenges of harvesting and processing algae for biofuels at commercial scale. It notes that while algae have the potential to address fuel demand through high lipid production, the technology is still underdeveloped and economics are uncertain. Key challenges include achieving consistent and high biomass and lipid yields, controlling cultivation systems, nutrient delivery, low biomass concentrations, and developing cost-effective harvesting and processing methods to concentrate the diluted algae and extract the lipids. Existing harvesting technologies all have tradeoffs between effectiveness, capital costs, and operating costs.
Powerpoint presentation on bioplastics, history of bioplastics, Producing bioplastics, Biodegradable polymers, PHB: case study. producing PHB, History of PHB, Strains to produce PHB, applications of PHB, Companies using PHB, Companies using bioplastics, Current status of Bioplastic, Potential of Bioplastics, Conclusion
Based on the FTC Green Guides, this glossary developed by J. Ottman Consulting provides a clear breakdown of the various terminologies used in sustainability communications, including when to use "biodegradable" vs other terms such as "compostable", "renewable", "natural", or "biobased". This tools aims to help communications avoid inadvertent "greenwashing" and possible backlash.
BIO PLASTIC a green alternative to plasticsMirza Beg
Bioplastic is presented as a green alternative to conventional plastics which are derived from petroleum. Bioplastics are derived from renewable biomass sources like vegetable oils, corn starch, and sugarcane. They are biodegradable and do not have the same negative environmental impacts as petroleum-based plastics which are not biodegradable. Common types of bioplastics include PLA, PHA, starch-based and cellulose-based plastics. While bioplastics have benefits like being renewable and reducing pollution, they also have disadvantages like using land that could grow food and being more expensive than conventional plastics.
The document discusses bioplastics and their role in sustainability. Bioplastics are either made from biological sources like plants or are biodegradable. While plastics currently make up about 225 million tons annually and are mostly non-biodegradable, bioplastics production is growing over 20% per year due to their sustainability advantages. Bioplastics can substitute for traditional plastics in packaging and other single-use products to reduce litter, or serve as durable replacements through equal or lower carbon footprints and reduced reliance on oil. Their growth will continue as brands and consumers recognize the environmental benefits of bioplastics.
Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable plant sources such as corn starch, sugarcane, and soybeans. They are more environmentally friendly than traditional petroleum-based plastics because they produce fewer carbon emissions and are biodegradable. Bioplastics are manufactured by breaking down starch into lactic acid, which is then polymerized into polylactic acid plastic. Major applications of bioplastics discussed include packaging, catering products, gardening supplies, electronics casings, medical products, and sanitary items. Companies like Toyota are using bioplastics in auto parts and plan increased production to replace petroleum plastics.
The document discusses bioplastics and polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs). PHBs are biodegradable plastics produced by microorganisms like bacteria under nutrient stress. About 75 genera of bacteria are known to produce PHBs when grown in carbon and nitrogen limited media. The major challenge is making PHB extraction economically viable on an industrial scale to compete with cheap synthetic plastics. By-products of PHB formation that have alternative fuel applications could enhance the industrial and economic feasibility of PHBs.
This document summarizes a project to develop sustainable bioplastic container systems for greenhouse and nursery crop production. The project aims to create bioplastic containers that function as well as petroleum-based plastics during plant growth but can then degrade, providing fertilizer or soil conditioning. Over four billion petroleum plastic containers are used annually but less than 2% are recycled. The project will screen bioplastic formulations, improve top performers, and collaborate with manufacturers and growers to commercialize the best materials. Eighteen formulations were developed and ten prototypes will be commercially tested.
This document discusses bioplastics, which are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, or microbiota. It describes the classification of plastics as thermosets or thermoplastics and classifications based on origin as synthetic, bioplastic, biodegradable, or non-biodegradable. Key bioplastic polymers discussed include starch-based, sugar-based, and cellulose-based bioplastics as well as synthetic materials. The document also outlines various microorganisms involved in bioplastic production, drivers for bioplastics, and sustainability considerations.
Production of Bioplastic Film using Biodegradable Resin, PLA (Polylactic Acid)Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Production of Bioplastic Film using Biodegradable Resin, PLA (Polylactic Acid). Biodegradable Film Manufacturing Business - Sustainable Alternative to Plastics
Bioplastic is a biodegradable material that come from renewable sources and can be used to reduce the problem of plastic waste that is suffocating the planet and polluting the environment.
These are 100% degradable, equally resistant and versatile, already used in agriculture, textile industry, medicine and, over all, in the container and packaging market, and biopolymers are already becoming popular in cities throughout Europe and the United States for ecological reasons: they are known as PHA.
Advantages of Bioplastics:
• They reduce carbon footprint
• They providing energy savings in production
• They do not involve the consumption of non-renewable raw materials
• Their production reduces non-biodegradable waste that contaminates the environment
• They do not contain additives that are harmful to health, such as phthalates or Bisphenol A
• They do not change the flavor or scent of the food contained
See more
https://goo.gl/54LqSQ
https://goo.gl/EaPVp1
https://goo.gl/QJQWFT
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Production of Biodegradable Plastic Films, Production of Biodegradable Plastic Packaging Film, Production of Bioplastic Products, Bioplastic Production, Bioplastic Film for Food Packaging, Production of Bioplastic, Bioplastic Manufacturing Process Pdf, Bioplastic Production Process, Bioplastic Production PPT, Bioplastic Manufacturing Plant, Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Process, Film Production from Bioplastics, Bioplastic Film Production, Bio Plastic Films, 100% Recyclable & Biodegradable Plastic Film, Bioplastics Film, Bioplastics Industry, Bioplastics Industry, How to Start a Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Company? Applications of Bioplastics, Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Biodegradable and Compostable Alternatives to Conventional Plastics, Biodegradable Plastic, Bioplastic Production, Project Report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing Industry, Detailed Project Report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Project Report on Bioplastic Film Production, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Bioplastic Film Production, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Bioplastic Film Production, Feasibility report on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Free Project Profile on Bioplastic Film Production, Project profile on Bio plastic Film Production, Download free project profile on Compostable Bioplastic Manufacturing, Corn Starch Bioplastic Film, Bioplastic film compounds, Bioplastic Films Replacing Conventional Plastic Films
Chapter 9 a biorefinery processing polymers productionAlex Sar
This document discusses biorefineries and the production of polymers from biomass. It defines biorefineries as analogous to petroleum refineries, using biomass as a renewable feedstock instead of crude oil. Biomass can include carbohydrates, lignin, triglycerides, mixed organic residues, and chitin/chitosan from seafood waste. Pretreatment and fractionation of biomass is needed before further processing. The goal of biorefineries is to sustainably produce fuels, power, and value-added chemicals like polymers from biomass.
ARE “BIOPLASTICS” A SCAM OR THE SOLUTION TO OUR ENVIRONMENTAL PLASTIC PROBLEMS?TidalVision
There are many types of plastics, including bioplastics made from renewable biomass sources like vegetable oils, corn starch, and pea starch. However, not all plastics and bioplastics degrade in the same way or are equally environmentally friendly. While bioplastics may seem like a solution, their production and sustainability depends on factors like source of biomass and degradation properties. Scientists are working on new types of bioplastics like those made from chitosan, a fiber in shells, that may be the first fully degradable and non-toxic functional plastic.
Bio-plastics are plastics that are either derived from renewable biomass sources like vegetable oils or are biodegradable. There are several types of bio-plastics including starch-based, cellulose-based, and aliphatic polyesters like PLA and PHA which are produced by bacteria. Compared to conventional plastics, bio-plastics have benefits like lower carbon emissions, lower toxicity, and some can biodegrade, but they also have drawbacks like higher costs and potential issues with GMOs. Bio-plastics production is growing due to advantages for certain applications and their more environmentally friendly nature.
Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.
This document summarizes an experiment conducted by Vania Lundina to verify how the length of a conductor affects its resistance according to Ohm's Law. The experiment involved measuring the resistance of copper wires of varying lengths (10-35 cm) using a voltmeter, ammeter, and power supply. The results showed that resistance increased with increasing length, supporting the conclusion that resistance is directly proportional to length as predicted by Ohm's Law. Some variability between trials was attributed to inaccuracies in measuring wire length.
The protagonist Jack is represented in a masculine and stereotypical way as a lower class drug dealer through his dark, baggy clothing and lonely living situation. Scenes show him preparing drugs for dealing in a precise manner that suggests he has been doing so for a long time, reinforcing the stereotype. Editing aspects like showing him sorting drugs and knowing where to go without directions further characterize him as a professional dealer.
Un blog es un sitio web actualizado periódicamente por uno o más autores donde se publican artículos de forma cronológica. Se pueden crear blogs gratuitos en plataformas como Blogger o Blogspot, donde los usuarios pueden registrarse, crear entradas y compartir documentos en línea.
The document summarizes Ralph Ellison's novel "Invisible Man". It discusses the plot which follows the nameless narrator from the Deep South to Harlem. Key events include humiliating experiences giving a speech to white men, expulsion from his black college, experiencing shock treatment, and joining a political group called the Brotherhood before going underground. The summary highlights the narrator's journey to self-discovery and political awakening.
electric material CNC cutting table cut the electric material to make sample and do small production.
Skype: trinityhu
MSN: trinityhu@hotmail.com
http://www.packagingmachiney.com/
This document provides information about Spectrum, a UK club event brand known for its cross-genre music lineups. It discusses Spectrum's reputation and history hosting famous DJs over the past decade. It also lists some of the major festivals and clubs Spectrum has worked with. Finally, it outlines Spectrum's event packaging and branding options, and contact details for booking Spectrum or founder Pete Jordan.
The document outlines the agenda and logistics for the Coach Retreat Boston 2014 event. It provides details about the facilitators, event sponsors, and describes that the retreat will involve coaching exercises and techniques like free style coaching, click rewind, yes and coaching, appreciative inquiry, solution focused coaching, crucial conversations, and real options. It concludes with information on how to stay connected after the event.
Benjamin Franklin was a talented man who contributed greatly to society in many areas. He was successful as a scientist and inventor, creating innovations in physics, mathematics, music, meteorology and oceanography. He also had a distinguished career as a statesman, playing a leading role in the American Revolution and Continental Congress and serving as a diplomat, politician, and postmaster. Throughout his life, Franklin excelled in diverse fields such as printing, writing, music, civic activism and more. He made important contributions through his work and remained an influential figure who shaped American society.
The document summarizes the evolution of communication patterns in the Von Trapp family as depicted in The Sound of Music. It describes how the family transitioned from a closed two-parent biological family, to a rigid single-parent family led by the strict Captain von Trapp after his wife's death, to a more flexible and open blended family once Maria becomes the children's governess and later their stepmother. Key events discussed include Maria helping the children express their need for love, the family finding intimacy through singing together, and their commitment being solidified through Maria and the Captain's marriage.
The document discusses potential photos that could be used for a magazine cover design. It analyzes several photos, identifying pros and cons of each. One photo shows a figure looking at a compass by the sea and is interpreted as potentially representing the artist's journey. Another shows a figure sitting on the ground between chains and the horizon, which could represent feeling trapped or not ready to move forward. A third depicts an old building that could symbolize the aging of the artist over time. The document considers different angles, framing techniques, and metaphors that could be conveyed through each photo.
This document discusses the key elements and origins of early civilizations. It describes how the development of agriculture led humans to settle in fertile river valleys, where they established permanent villages and the first cities. Some of the earliest civilizations mentioned include Catalhoyuk in modern-day Turkey, which had a population of around 8,000 people and religious murals on house walls. The document also notes Göbekli Tepe, a prehistoric sanctuary in Turkey that predated cities, suggesting religious sites came before urban development.
The document summarizes Danny Laws' media studies presentation on designing a music magazine. It describes researching the magazine "Vibe" as inspiration and aiming to create a UK version. Intermedia Partners is proposed as a distributor since they distribute "Vibe." Various design elements are discussed, including using celebrities to appeal to the target audience of young black and white males aged 14-21 interested in R&B/rap. Feedback improved the design by changing the background from white or black to a black-white gradient.
This document discusses compostable biobased food service ware. It begins by explaining the benefits of using compostable products, such as helping to capture food discards and complementing zero waste goals. It then discusses key concepts like biodegradable vs. compostable, and programs that have successfully utilized compostable products. The document cautions that compostable alone does not mean sustainable, and outlines criteria for environmentally preferable biobased food service ware. Examples of municipalities with strong composting programs utilizing compostable products are provided.
The document discusses biodegradable polymers and their importance as an alternative to conventional plastics. It provides background on biodegradable polymers, describing how they are defined and how they differ from conventional plastics in being able to break down from the action of microorganisms. The document outlines the main types of biodegradable polymers, their applications in packaging, agriculture, and medical sectors, and how some automakers are starting to use biodegradable composites in vehicles.
While bio-based plastics offer potential sustainability benefits, there are still many open questions about their environmental impacts and economic viability. Bio-based plastics are made from renewable resources like plants but are not necessarily biodegradable. There are concerns about the impacts of growing feedstocks on land and water use as well as energy inputs. Many consumers and policymakers incorrectly assume bio-based plastics are compostable or will solve marine debris issues. Life cycle assessments are needed to fully understand the environmental tradeoffs between bio-based and fossil-based plastics. Standards and guidelines continue to be developed to address challenges in the marketplace.
The document provides an overview of different types of biodegradable plastics: [1] Gen 1 starch-based plastics like PLA have limitations around competing for food sources and off tastes; [2] Gen 2 oxo-biodegradable plastics used in Europe have benefits over PLA but require specific environmental conditions to biodegrade; [3] Gen 3 microbiodegradable plastics can biodegrade in soil and have similar benefits as oxo-biodegradable with no toxicity concerns. The market size for biodegradable plastics is growing but identifying customers where sustainability is a value is a challenge. Several companies profiled are working to use more sustainable packaging and support local communities
This document discusses alternatives to polystyrene food service ware that are compostable and biobased. It notes the environmental issues with polystyrene including that it is non-renewable, generally non-biodegradable, and has low recycling rates. Compostable biobased alternatives are highlighted as renewable options that can break down in composting systems. The document outlines the benefits of composting food waste and provides examples of programs that have successfully utilized compostable food service products on a large scale.
The document discusses polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a type of bioplastic polymer produced by bacteria as energy storage. It provides background on the discovery of PHB, describes the bacterial production process using excess carbon sources, and lists some common PHB-producing bacteria. The document also outlines the physical and chemical properties of PHB, compares it to other bioplastics and conventional plastics, and discusses current and potential applications. In conclusion, it addresses that while bioplastics are generally more expensive than regular plastics, the environmental benefits and developing technologies could make their costs more competitive over time.
This document provides information about biodegradable plastics, including their types, manufacturing processes, and potential uses. It discusses how biodegradable plastics like directly-expanded starch products and starch-polymer blends are made. The document also outlines the advantages of biodegradable plastics like being renewable and reducing dependence on oil, as well as potential disadvantages like the conditions needed for degradation and effects on soil and water quality. It provides examples of where biodegradable plastics can be found for sale online.
The document summarizes biodegradable diaper options. It finds that Bamboo Diapers and Earth's Best score highest in absorbency and materials. While hybrid diapers produce less waste, most inserts are not biodegradable. Future biodegradable technologies include cornstarch-based superabsorbent polymers and nanotechnology applications. The document compares top brands and suggests further portfolio analysis of biodegradation claims.
A report describing the Biodigestor, using the anaerobic digestion method of fermentation for cooking fuel both for single homes, and at a much larger scale for municipal AD plants serving whole towns. The renewable energy advantages and the ability to produce a fertilizer are also described.
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This document presents information about bioplastics. It begins with an introduction stating that bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources and are biodegradable, providing an alternative way to reduce synthetic plastic and create a more eco-friendly environment. The production of bioplastics is discussed briefly, along with their life cycle. Bioplastics are then compared to conventional plastics, noting bioplastics are more sustainable and eco-friendly as they use less energy in production and do not harm the environment. Examples of bioplastic products currently used are provided. The advantages of bioplastics over conventional plastics are listed, such as being renewable, degrading faster, and having lower carbon and energy footprints.
This presentation reviews biodegradable packaging materials. It discusses how biodegradable materials like gelatin, starch and cellulose can be used instead of synthetic polymers for pharmaceutical packaging. The advantages are that biodegradable materials reduce waste and environmental pollution since they decompose within a year unlike plastics that can take decades. The methodology identified includes extracting cellulose, plasticizing starch, elaborating biocomposites by extrusion and biodegradability tests. The conclusion is that biodegradable packaging provides environmental benefits by having minimal health effects and not impacting the environment.
Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable oils, corn starch, and pea starch rather than fossil fuels. They are designed to biodegrade and have less environmental impact than traditional plastics. Major types of bioplastics include PLA, PHA, and starch blends. While bioplastics reduce dependence on fossil fuels and hazardous waste, they remain more expensive than traditional plastics. Companies are working to lower costs and expand infrastructure to increase adoption of biodegradable alternatives.
Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable fats and oils. They are biodegradable and break down through microbial action. Bioplastics production results in lower carbon dioxide emissions than traditional plastics. Common types include polylactic acid (PLA) and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Bioplastics are used in packaging, catering products, automobile interiors, and gardening due to their biodegradability and environmental benefits compared to petroleum-based plastics. However, they still present challenges like not readily decomposing in all conditions and competing with food crop land.
Introduction
Types of Biodegradable plastic
Renewable resources
Non-renewable
Other biodegradable plastics
Properties of biodegradable plastics
Mechanism of Biodegradation of plastics
Factors affecting biodegradation
Applications of Biodegradable plastics
Advantage of biodegradable plastic
Disadvantage of biodegradable plastic
Conclusion
References
This document provides an analysis of the market development for biodegradable plastics. It summarizes the evolution of three generations of biodegradable plastic: (1) starch-based PLA plastic which has drawbacks like competing for the food supply and imparting off tastes; (2) oxo-biodegradable plastic which is more widely adopted in Europe but requires specific environmental conditions to biodegrade; and (3) microbiodegradable plastic which has benefits of both previous generations and delays biodegradation until landfilling. The document also reviews several companies' sustainability initiatives regarding reducing waste and using biodegradable packaging materials. The current market size for biodegradable plastics is $176-$
bioplastics and biotechnology for sustainable futureRAJESHKUMAR428748
1. The document discusses bioplastics, which are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources such as vegetable oils and starches. Common bioplastics include polylactic acid (PLA), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA).
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2012 0121 platt bioplastics101 uscc jan212
1. Compostable Plastics 101:
Overview & Issues
Brenda Platt
SBC Co-Chair
Institute for Local Self-Reliance
January 21, 2012
USCC Conference, Austin, TX
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
2. Overview
Introduction to biobased products
Definitions:
biobased vs biodegradable
biodegradable vs. degradable
biodegradable vs compostable
Standards
Biobased content or compostability alone ≠ sustainable
Challenges and common points of confusion
Labeling
Compost for organic markets cannot process bioplastic
Compostable Plastics Task Force
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
3. First Bioplastics
http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object.cfm?key=35&objkey=18
Copyright Smithsonian National Museum of American History,
• Collodion (cotton-derived
cellulose nitrate)
– dentures and buttons
• Celluloid (cotton-based)
– photography/film
• Cellulose acetate – apparel
• Cellophane – first film
plastic
"Made in 1868 of Cellulose Nitrate,
Celluloid. The Year John Wesley Hyatt
Gutta Percha Discovered This First Plastics Resin."
Shellac
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
4. • 1930s – 1st injection molding
machines made plastics from
cellulose acetate
• 1941 – Henry Ford’s biological
car
• late 1940s – crude oil drops to
>$1/barrel
• by 1975 – no ethanol in our fuel
tanks and bioplastics virtually
disappear
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
6. The Good News on Biobased Products
• Variety of resins and products available
• Performance improving
• Experience and R&D growing
• Growth expected
• Programs such as the federal biobased
procurement will open up new markets
• Standards in place
• Price competitiveness improving
• Demand increasing
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
7. Degradable Vs. Biodegradable
Degradable Biodegradable
– May be invisible to – Completely assimilated into food
naked eye and energy source by microbial
– Fragment into smaller populations in a short time
pieces period
– No data to document – Meet biodegradability standards:
biodegradability within ASTM D 6400 – biodegradation of
one growing season plastics in commercial composting
– Migrate into water table systems
– Not completely ASTM 6868 biodegradation of plastic-
coated paper in commercial
assimilated by microbial composting systems
populations in a short D 7081 – biodegradation in the 1989 Cover of Environmental Action
time period marine environment
D 5988 – biodegradation in soil
D 5511 – biodegradation in anaerobic
digesters
Source for definitions: Dr. Ramani Narayan, Michigan State Univ.
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
8. Compostable Plastic
Plastic that undergoes degradation by biological
processes during composting to yield CO2, water,
inorganic compounds, and biomass at a rate
consistent with other known compostable materials
and that leaves no visible, distinguishable, or toxic
residue.
ASTM Standard D6400, 2004, “Standard Specification for Compostable
Plastics,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004, DOI:
10.1520/D6400-04, www.astm.org
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
9. Biodegradable Products Institute
238 certified products
130 global companies
Note:
Some BPI-certified
resins have zero
biobased content
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
11. Biobased ≠ biodegradable
Mass of biobased carbon in the product
÷
Mass of total organic carbon in the product
Non-biodegradable biobased plastics are here
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
12. USDA Biopreferred Program
Q. What are biobased products?
A. A biobased product is a product that is determined by the
USDA to be a commercial or industrial product (other than
food or feed) that is composed, in whole or in significant
part, of biological products, including renewable domestic
agricultural materials forestry materials, and marine and
animal materials. Biobased products do not include motor
vehicle fuels, heating oil, electricity produced from
biomass, or, since the program is designed to stimulate
markets for new biobased products, any "mature market"
products. Mature market products are those biobased
products that had significant national market penetration in
1972. Examples of mature market products include cotton
shirts or towels, paper plates, and wood furniture.
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
13. Market drivers & new developments
Biobased content - The amount of biobased
carbon in the material or product expressed
as a percent of weight (mass) of the total
organic carbon in the material or product.
Biobased content is determined using
ASTM Method D6866, Standard Test
Methods for Determining the Biobased
Content of Natural Range Materials Using
Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass
Spectrometry Analysis.
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
18. Path from Field to Producer
“The source product is from Brazil,
then turned into cornstarch in China,
then the starch is used in
our manufacturer’s facility.”
“Feedstocks grown in Midwestern US.
Manufacture the resin
in Hawthorne, CA today,
but plan to manufacture
in Seymour, IN shortly.”
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
19. Challenges with Biobased Products
Concern over genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Desire for sustainably grown biomass
Need to develop adequate composting programs
Concern with nanomaterials and fossil-fuel-plastic blends
Inconsistencies in and lack of
adequate labeling
Concern over contamination
of recycling systems
Confusion in terminology
ASTM may not reflect composters’ needs
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
20. Sustainable Biomaterials Collaborative:
Market-based tools
Sustainable feedstocks /
Sustainable agriculture
Green Chemistry /
Clean Production
Closed Loop Systems /
Cradle to Cradle /
Zero Waste
“Just because it’s biobased, doesn’t make it green”
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
21. Purchasing Specifications for Biobased
Compostable Foodservice Ware
• Bid specs for
purchasers
• Presents baseline
mandatory criteria
• Bidders can earn points
for products meeting
beyond baseline
desirable criteria.
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
22. Common Points of Confusion
• False claims of compostability or
biodegradability: Many available products
carry misleading, deceptive or
unsubstantiated claims of biodegradability or
compostability. Buyer beware!
• Compostability of plastic-coated paper:
Research now shows that polyethylene-coated
paper products are bad for composting
operations and the quality of compost.
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
29. Biobased content labeling
inconsistent too
Biobased content
based on ASTM
D6866 ~20%
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
30. FTC Green Marketing Guide
Example 3:
A manufacturer makes an unqualified
claim that its package is compostable.
Although municipal or institutional
composting facilities exist where the
product is sold, the package will not
break down into usable compost in a
home compost pile or device. To avoid
deception, the manufacturer should
disclose that the package is not suitable
for home composting.
Source:
http://ftc.gov/bcp/grnrule/guides980427.h www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
33. CA AB 1972 and AB 2071
• AB 1972 (DeSaulnier)–Solid Waste: Plastic Bags: Food and
Beverage Containers (effective 1/1/09)
This bill modifies two chapters in current law: one on biodegradable
and compostable plastic bags and one on plastic food and beverage
containers. In both programs, the sale of an item labeled
"compostable" or "marine degradable" is prohibited, unless the
item meets specific ASTM Standard Specifications, or in some cases,
a standard adopted by CalRecycle. (Chapter 436)
• AB 2071 (Karnette)–Plastic Bags: Plastic Food and Beverage
Containers: Enforcement (effective 1/1/09)
This bill establishes penalties for failure to comply with labeling
requirements for compostable, biodegradable, and degradable
plastic bags and plastic food and beverage containers sold in
California. (Chapter 570)
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
34. CA Senate Bill 567
The Truthful Environmental Advertising in Plastics Law
• SB 567 expands the scope of
current California law beyond
plastics bags and food
packaging to all plastics
products.
• Approved by Gov. Brown, Oct.
8th, 2011
• Effective January 1st, 2013
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
35. Bioplastics and Organic Certified
Compost
• USDA’s National Organics Program ensures credibility of USDA
Organics label
• One rule requires compost feedstock to be free of non NOP-
authorized synthetics
• The Organic Materials Review Inst. determines which input
products are allowed for use in organic production/processing.
• OMRI has ruled that compostable and biodegradable products are
not acceptable.
• The Canadian Organics program and the European Organics
program both accept biodegradable plastic in their feedstock.
• BPI is developing and executing a plan to seek NOP approval for use
of plastics that meet ASTM D6400 and D6868.
• Meanwhile, composters will be bound by restrictions placed on
them by certification organizations.
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
37. 2011 USCC
Compostable Plastics Track
1. Identification/Labeling
Challenges
2. Enforcement/Legislation
3. ASTM Standards Need
Refining
4. Consumer Education
5. National Organics Program
(NOP) Impacts
http://compostingcouncil.org/compostable-
plastics-symposium/
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org
38. Contact Info
Brenda Platt
SBC, Co-Chair
Institute for Local Self-Reliance, Co-Director
bplatt@ilsr.org
202-898-1610 ext 230
www.sustainablebiomaterials.org www.sustainablebiomaterials.org