An Analysis Of the Union Budget from 2010- 2015 Education SectorSneha J Chouhan
This presentation explains about the Highlights of the Indian Union Budget for 5 years in the education sector and its impact.
P.S: Refer for educational purposes only.
Children in any society constitute the most vulnerable group which needs ‘protection’ and is a responsibility of the state as well as the members of the society. Despite some commendable efforts and achievements of the Indian state, it is an explicit fact that the majority of children in India are suffering, deprived of basic resources and needs for an average human existence. Due to their own incapacity to fight for their rights, the ‘unprotected child’ in India is a collective failure of the Indian.
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
Research work for scenario of voccational training in india educompalpana96
I did an Intensive research on Vocational education market in idia An approach note on the understanding of the vocational education market, competition, gaps, and opportunities.
- One Big idea which is transformational and is disruptive.
- A lot of our work will be below the line, so a note on abilities in that area will help.
- Media strategy- so a note/pitch on the media buying partner will be required. You can also bring them in for the pitch.
An Analysis Of the Union Budget from 2010- 2015 Education SectorSneha J Chouhan
This presentation explains about the Highlights of the Indian Union Budget for 5 years in the education sector and its impact.
P.S: Refer for educational purposes only.
Children in any society constitute the most vulnerable group which needs ‘protection’ and is a responsibility of the state as well as the members of the society. Despite some commendable efforts and achievements of the Indian state, it is an explicit fact that the majority of children in India are suffering, deprived of basic resources and needs for an average human existence. Due to their own incapacity to fight for their rights, the ‘unprotected child’ in India is a collective failure of the Indian.
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
Research work for scenario of voccational training in india educompalpana96
I did an Intensive research on Vocational education market in idia An approach note on the understanding of the vocational education market, competition, gaps, and opportunities.
- One Big idea which is transformational and is disruptive.
- A lot of our work will be below the line, so a note on abilities in that area will help.
- Media strategy- so a note/pitch on the media buying partner will be required. You can also bring them in for the pitch.
Master`s thesis presentation in Social Protection Financing by jean d`amour N...Jeandamour
Assessment of the feasibility to extend the pension scheme coverage to self employed and workers from informal sector in Rwanda.
The study gives a set of six feasible strategies to extend coverage to informal sector and self employed in Rwanda.
Impact of Contributory Pension Scheme on Workers’ Savings and Investment in N...iosrjce
This paper analyses the impact of Contributory Pension Scheme on employee savings and investment
in Nigeria using Anambra State public workers as a case study. The paper uses cross – sectional primary data
sourced through a structured questionnaire administered on 387 respondents (i.e. those that have been in
service for the period of 5 years and on grade level 8. This choice is based on the fact that they will save
money than those in grade levels less than 8. The empirical analysis reveals that majority of the respondents
prefers to save outside any pension scheme implying that they are participating because it is compulsory. Again,
most of the respondents are not aware of their employers’ own contribution to their contributory pension
scheme. The study therefore concludes among others that the Nigerian government should create more
awareness and enlightement campaign on the workers’ contributory pension scheme geared towards
retirements
The central government is the welfare government that is why its social welfare schemes are made to increase the welfare of the general public. Schemes of the Central Government have three categories. These categories are “Core of Core Schemes”, “Core Schemes” and Major Central Sector Schemes.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
This paper was released by Devesh Kapur, University of Pennsylvania and Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Centre for Policy Research.
This paper analyzes two interrelated facets of Higher Education policy in India: the key distortions in higher education policies and what explains them. It first sets the stage by laying out the principal conceptual issues that need to be considered when thinking about an appropriate policy framework for higher education in India. It then examines three key distortions in Indian higher education with regards to markets, the state and civil society (philanthropy). The next part of the paper examines the political economy of Indian higher (tertiary) education and seeks to explain the ideological and political underpinnings of these distortions and how they work in practice. We conclude with some indicative some policy directions for Indian higher education. The purpose of this exercise is not to make detailed policy recommendations, but rather to flag the kinds of issues that ought to be addressed.
The key argument of this section of the paper is twofold. The first is that higher education in India is being de facto privatized on a massive scale.2 But this privatization is not a result of changing preferences of the key actors—the state, the judiciary or India’s propertied classes. Rather, this privatization has resulted from a breakdown of the state system. As a result, it is a form of privatization in which ideological and institutional underpinnings remain very weak. Instead of being part of a comprehensive program of education reform, much of the private initiative remains hostage to the discretionary actions of the state. Consequently, the education system remains suspended between over-regulation by the state on the one hand, and a discretionary privatization that is unable to mobilize private capital in productive ways. Any policy intervention, if it is to succeed will have to change this political economy equilibrium. However, vicious circles of interest will impede reform, whether of public or private institutions. We focus on the political economy not just because it explains the current regulatory regime. This political economy also explains why even conceptualization of issues in Higher Education is likely to remain distorted for some time.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community.
It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• The recently rolled out Fortitude Budget aims to help Singaporeans be resilient during Covid-19. The $33 billion budget focuses on creating job opportunities and leveraging on technology to help businesses and individuals.
• The government has planned to end the Circuit Breaker measures on 1st June 2020. By ending the Circuit Breaker measures, the government has aimed to reopen three-quarter of the economy. The reopening of the economy is being done in phases to ensure it does not lead to a spike in new cases.
• The SGTeguhBersatu initiative has continued to help the Malay/Muslim community during the pandemic. As part of the initiative, a new committee headed by Minister of State, Mr Zaqy Mohamad, was introduced to look into more ways to help the Malay/Muslim jobseekers. The committee will work together with organisations such as Mendaki Sense and NTUC to help individuals with their career issues.
Your feedback is important for us to continuously improve our resources and publications for our readers.
Profile of Bicol Sucs: Basis for Policy RecommendationIJRTEMJOURNAL
This descriptive research is all about the profile of SUCs in Bicol Region, Philippines in terms
of budget, program offerings, enrolment, and faculty and non-teaching personnel. The data were sourced from
the 2016 budget preparation for SUCs in Region V through documentary analysis. Said document was utilized
and analyzed vis-à-vis compared to each SUC operating in Bicol Region for the purpose of improving its
mandate and service delivery towards providing quality education for Bicolanos. Results of analysis revealed
that the national government increased the capital investment to Bicol SUCs. There are nine SUCs in Region
V composed of four state universities and five state colleges. These SUCs have varying amounts of budget
which offer 293 curricular programs, 89 programs in the graduate school and 204 programs in the
undergraduate and accepted a total of 75,257 enrollees for SY 2016-2017. The Bicol SUCs are embarking on
3,201 faculty and personnel to deliver the needed quality service required to answer the demand of the labor
market. With these findings, the study recommends that existing policies of the SUCs be made common so that
quality output would become a standard mantra towards improving quality and excellence.
Master`s thesis presentation in Social Protection Financing by jean d`amour N...Jeandamour
Assessment of the feasibility to extend the pension scheme coverage to self employed and workers from informal sector in Rwanda.
The study gives a set of six feasible strategies to extend coverage to informal sector and self employed in Rwanda.
Impact of Contributory Pension Scheme on Workers’ Savings and Investment in N...iosrjce
This paper analyses the impact of Contributory Pension Scheme on employee savings and investment
in Nigeria using Anambra State public workers as a case study. The paper uses cross – sectional primary data
sourced through a structured questionnaire administered on 387 respondents (i.e. those that have been in
service for the period of 5 years and on grade level 8. This choice is based on the fact that they will save
money than those in grade levels less than 8. The empirical analysis reveals that majority of the respondents
prefers to save outside any pension scheme implying that they are participating because it is compulsory. Again,
most of the respondents are not aware of their employers’ own contribution to their contributory pension
scheme. The study therefore concludes among others that the Nigerian government should create more
awareness and enlightement campaign on the workers’ contributory pension scheme geared towards
retirements
The central government is the welfare government that is why its social welfare schemes are made to increase the welfare of the general public. Schemes of the Central Government have three categories. These categories are “Core of Core Schemes”, “Core Schemes” and Major Central Sector Schemes.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
This paper was released by Devesh Kapur, University of Pennsylvania and Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Centre for Policy Research.
This paper analyzes two interrelated facets of Higher Education policy in India: the key distortions in higher education policies and what explains them. It first sets the stage by laying out the principal conceptual issues that need to be considered when thinking about an appropriate policy framework for higher education in India. It then examines three key distortions in Indian higher education with regards to markets, the state and civil society (philanthropy). The next part of the paper examines the political economy of Indian higher (tertiary) education and seeks to explain the ideological and political underpinnings of these distortions and how they work in practice. We conclude with some indicative some policy directions for Indian higher education. The purpose of this exercise is not to make detailed policy recommendations, but rather to flag the kinds of issues that ought to be addressed.
The key argument of this section of the paper is twofold. The first is that higher education in India is being de facto privatized on a massive scale.2 But this privatization is not a result of changing preferences of the key actors—the state, the judiciary or India’s propertied classes. Rather, this privatization has resulted from a breakdown of the state system. As a result, it is a form of privatization in which ideological and institutional underpinnings remain very weak. Instead of being part of a comprehensive program of education reform, much of the private initiative remains hostage to the discretionary actions of the state. Consequently, the education system remains suspended between over-regulation by the state on the one hand, and a discretionary privatization that is unable to mobilize private capital in productive ways. Any policy intervention, if it is to succeed will have to change this political economy equilibrium. However, vicious circles of interest will impede reform, whether of public or private institutions. We focus on the political economy not just because it explains the current regulatory regime. This political economy also explains why even conceptualization of issues in Higher Education is likely to remain distorted for some time.
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community.
It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for this month are:
• The recently rolled out Fortitude Budget aims to help Singaporeans be resilient during Covid-19. The $33 billion budget focuses on creating job opportunities and leveraging on technology to help businesses and individuals.
• The government has planned to end the Circuit Breaker measures on 1st June 2020. By ending the Circuit Breaker measures, the government has aimed to reopen three-quarter of the economy. The reopening of the economy is being done in phases to ensure it does not lead to a spike in new cases.
• The SGTeguhBersatu initiative has continued to help the Malay/Muslim community during the pandemic. As part of the initiative, a new committee headed by Minister of State, Mr Zaqy Mohamad, was introduced to look into more ways to help the Malay/Muslim jobseekers. The committee will work together with organisations such as Mendaki Sense and NTUC to help individuals with their career issues.
Your feedback is important for us to continuously improve our resources and publications for our readers.
Profile of Bicol Sucs: Basis for Policy RecommendationIJRTEMJOURNAL
This descriptive research is all about the profile of SUCs in Bicol Region, Philippines in terms
of budget, program offerings, enrolment, and faculty and non-teaching personnel. The data were sourced from
the 2016 budget preparation for SUCs in Region V through documentary analysis. Said document was utilized
and analyzed vis-à-vis compared to each SUC operating in Bicol Region for the purpose of improving its
mandate and service delivery towards providing quality education for Bicolanos. Results of analysis revealed
that the national government increased the capital investment to Bicol SUCs. There are nine SUCs in Region
V composed of four state universities and five state colleges. These SUCs have varying amounts of budget
which offer 293 curricular programs, 89 programs in the graduate school and 204 programs in the
undergraduate and accepted a total of 75,257 enrollees for SY 2016-2017. The Bicol SUCs are embarking on
3,201 faculty and personnel to deliver the needed quality service required to answer the demand of the labor
market. With these findings, the study recommends that existing policies of the SUCs be made common so that
quality output would become a standard mantra towards improving quality and excellence.
News Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is produced by the Research and Design Department (R&D) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
The key highlights for May 2023 are:
• The commercial property market will not have a significant impact from the latest round of additional buyer’s stamp duty (ABSD) hike because the drivers of the residential and commercial property markets are very different. (ST, 11 May)
• Capitation funding aims to incentivise healthcare providers to place a greater emphasis on preventive care, as this funding model pays them a predetermined amount for each resident in the are under their charge, regardless of whether the person is healthy or not. (ST, 10 May)
• The Singapore Muslim Women’s Association (PPIS) and PMBM Scholarship Fund Board (LBKM) collaborate to offer postgraduate scholarships for women majoring in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), gerontology, women studies and community work. (BH, 03 May)
RPD Bites is a monthly scan covering issues and trends surfaced in various local mainstream media sources that would be of relevance to the Malay/Muslim community. It is compiled by the Research and Planning Department (RPD) of Yayasan MENDAKI.
Budget 2021 provides a suite of measures to create a vibrant economy with good jobs and opportunities for Singaporeans and business; cohesive society with a strong social compact and community spirit; welcoming and sustainable home for generations to come; and fiscal and social reserves to enable continued stability and progress.
Budget for Children (BfC) is not a separate budget. It is merely an attempt to disaggregate from the overall budget, the allocations made specifically for programmes that benefit children. From 2000-01 to 2006-07, children received an average of 3.10 percent of the Union Budget. In 2007-08 their share was 4.8 per cent.
India's march towards global leadership is accompanied by its leadership in child labour, sexual abuse, starvation, malnourishment as well as out-of-school and destitute children.
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
1. ICSA/CSE-2011/GENERAL STUDIES(PRELIMS)/PROF. S. MAITRA/HAND OUT #16 1
For all Handouts and more, visit :iasstudymat.blogspot.com
Social Justice
Incorporating the Mid-term Appraisal of Eleventh Five Year Plan
Persistent socio-economic backwardness among the Socially Disadvantaged Groups viz., the Scheduled
Castes (SCs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Minorities and Other
Vulnerable Groups, such as the persons with disabilities, aged and the Social Defence Groups including
victims of drug abuse and alcoholism resulting from inequality, deprivation and exclusion, has been
specifically addressed in the Eleventh Plan through the approach, `faster and inclusive growth’. This
calls for a three - pronged strategy consisting of - i) Social Empowerment; ii) Economic Empowerment;
and iii) Social Justice, to ensure removal of disparities and elimination of exploitation.
SCHEDULED CASTES
As per 2001 Census, SCs accounted for 166.63 million (16.2 per cent); STs 84.32 million (8.2 per cent);
Minorities 193.66 million (18.4 per cent); Person with Disabilities 21.9 million (2.13 percent); and Aged
76.62 million (7.5 percent). It has been estimated by Mandal commission that the OBCs accounted for
52 percent of the country’s total population.
2. ICSA/CSE-2011/GENERAL STUDIES(PRELIMS)/PROF. S. MAITRA/HAND OUT #16 2
For all Handouts and more, visit :iasstudymat.blogspot.com
♣ The Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Post-Matric Scholarship (PMS) to SC Students - involving 100 per
cent central assistance to States over and above their earlier committed liability - has been accorded a
high priority during the Eleventh Plan. These scholarships are awarded to all eligible SC students to
pursue studies beyond matriculation and in all courses. A total of 38 lakh SC students are being
benefited under the scheme during the first three years (2007-08 to 2009-10) of the Eleventh Plan.
The scheme of Pre-Matric Scholarships for the children of those engaged in unclean occupations
launched in 1977-78 is another important scheme to provide financial assistance to children of the
parents engaged in unclean occupations (i.e., as scavengers, tanners, flayers and sweepers). The
scheme was revised in December 2008, bringing about a change in the pattern of Central assistance
from 50:50 to 100 per cent Central assistance to the State/UT Government over and above their
committed liability.
3. ICSA/CSE-2011/GENERAL STUDIES(PRELIMS)/PROF. S. MAITRA/HAND OUT #16 3
For all Handouts and more, visit :iasstudymat.blogspot.com
The scheme of Hostels for Scheduled Caste Girls and Boys launched in 1961-62 and revised during
1997-98, was re-named as `Babu Jagjivan Ram Chhatrawas Yojana’ in 2008-09. In order to promote
education among SC girls, 100 per cent Central assistance is provided for construction of new hostel
buildings and for expansion of existing girls hostels by the Central Government for Universities of States
and UTs. Central assistance is also extended to NGOs and Deemed Universities to the extent of 90 per
cent for expansion of the existing girls’ hostels. Funding pattern for boys’ hostels continues to be on a
50:50 sharing basis between the State and Central Government whereas, UTs receive 100 per cent
Central assistance.
♦ The Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Coaching and Allied Scheme for Weaker Sections including SCs
and OBCs are being implemented since 1961-62 and 1997-1998, respectively, to provide quality
coaching for Group A & B services under the Central and State Governments. The Scheme is
implemented through Government and reputed private coaching institutions/ Universities. Students
belonging to SCs and OBCs having family income of less than Rs.2 lakh per annum are eligible to be the
beneficiaries under the scheme. Expenditure under the scheme is low since in the first three years of the
Eleventh Plan only Rs.10.70 Crore (46.52 per cent) is utilized against the allocation of Rs.23 Crore for
the Plan as a whole.
A new Central Sector scheme of Top Class education for SC students was introduced in 2007-08. The
objective of the scheme is to provide liberal financial support to a maximum 700 SC Students per year
admitted in premier professional educational institutes. Under this scheme 183 institutes of excellence
spread all over the country have been identified. The total family income of the students from all sources
should not exceed Rs.2 lakh per annum. The total estimated expenditure in the first three years of the
Eleventh Plan is Rs.27.12 Crore, which is only 48 per cent of the Eleventh Plan allocation of Rs.56.50
Crore. The outlay for the Annual Plan 2010-11 is Rs. 25 Crore. The total number of beneficiaries
anticipated to be covered in the first three years of the Eleventh Plan work out to 2,093 as against the
Eleventh Plan target to cover 3,500. There is a need to increase the coverage under the scheme.
Aspiring SC candidates should be provided with much needed special orientation and coaching for
succeeding at the entrance examination, thus facilitating their admissions into the institutions of
excellence. Larger coverage of SC candidates with special coaching would help enhance the
4. ICSA/CSE-2011/GENERAL STUDIES(PRELIMS)/PROF. S. MAITRA/HAND OUT #16 4
For all Handouts and more, visit :iasstudymat.blogspot.com
effectiveness under the scheme as more candidates would be qualified to avail admission into the
designated premier institutions.
Yet another scheme, i.e., Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship (RGNF) for SC students was launched in
2006 with an objective to provide financial assistance to the SC students who are pursuing M.Phil and
Ph.D. Under this scheme, 1,333 fellowships are annually provided to SC beneficiaries. The scheme is
implemented through University Grants Commission (UGC).
The National Overseas Scholarship (NOS) scheme for SC students for pursuing higher studies abroad
leading to Master-level courses and Ph.D. programme in specific field of Engineering, Technology and
Science, was implemented as a non-Plan scheme in 1954-55. In the year 2007, the scheme was
converted to as Central Sector Plan scheme under the Eleventh Plan with certain amendments raising
the number of scholarship awards to 30 and income ceiling of Rs.25,000/- per month.
Economic Empowerment
♠ Accomplishment of `Inclusive Growth’ is also envisaged through economic empowerment of the SCs
living in economic backwardness. Available data suggest that 36.8 per cent of rural SCs and 39.9 per
cent of urban SCs lived below the poverty line (in 2004-05) in contrast to 16.1 per cent rural non-SC/ST
and 16.0 per cent urban non-SC/ST population.
• The National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (NSCFDC) was set up in 1989 to
provide soft loans to Scheduled Castes living below the poverty line (per capita income below
Rs.44,500) for taking up income generating self-employment ventures.
The National Safai Karamcharis Finance and Development Corporation (NSKFDC) was established on
24th January 1997 for economic development of the scavengers, aimed at providing alternative source
of income and employment so as to wean them away from the clutches of the obnoxious practices of
manual scavenging. In this case no income limit is fixed for availing financial assistance from the
Corporation.
State Scheduled Castes Development Corporations (SCDCs) are functioning since 1978-79. So far,
SCDCs have been set up in 27 States and UTs with equity participation of Central and State
Government in the ratio of 49:51, for identifying the SC families and motivating them to undertake
economic development activities. These Corporations function as the apex level bodies working for SCs,
STs and OBCs. They also implement State and Central Government schemes including Special Central
Assistance (SCA) to Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCSP) and Self Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation
of Manual Scavengers for providing alternative means of livelihood to Safai Karamcharis engaged in
manual scavenging.
In January 2007, the ‘Self-Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Scavengers (SRMS)’ was launched
with the objective of rehabilitating 3.42 lakh manual scavengers and their dependents by March, 2009.
Scavengers and their dependents, (irrespective of their income) who are yet to be provided assistance
for rehabilitation under any scheme of Government of India or the State Government are eligible to avail
assistance. Main components of the Scheme are skill training and financial assistance (loan and
subsidy) for self-employment, as per following norms : (i) Skill training for a period upto one year, with
payment of stipend @ Rs.1,000 per month; (ii) Loan at concessional rate of interest for self employment
projects costing upto Rs.5 lakh; and (iii) Capital subsidy @ 50 per cent of the project cost, for projects
upto Rs.25,000 and @ 25 per cent for projects above Rs.25,000 with a minimum of Rs.12,500 and
5. ICSA/CSE-2011/GENERAL STUDIES(PRELIMS)/PROF. S. MAITRA/HAND OUT #16 5
For all Handouts and more, visit :iasstudymat.blogspot.com
maximum of Rs.20,000. An outlay of Rs.350 Crore is provided for the Eleventh Five Year Plan for the
SRMS.
Social Justice
Under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme, viz., Implementation of Protection of Civil Rights (PCR) Act
1955 and Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, since 1989, financial
assistance is provided for strengthening the administrative, enforcement and judicial machinery related
to these legislations, publicity and relief & rehabilitation of the affected persons.
♣ In order to ensure early prosecution of cases under the SC/ST Prevention of Atrocity (Act), 1989, 151
exclusive Special Courts have been set up in the States : Andhra Pradesh – 12, Bihar – 11, Chhattisgarh
– 7, Gujarat – 10, Karnataka – 7, Madhya Pradesh – 43, Rajasthan – 17, Tamil Nadu – 4 and Uttar
Pradesh – 40. State Governments such as Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have
also set up special police stations for Registration of Complaints of offences committed against SCs/STs.
77 such Special Police Stations have been set up so far.
.
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On the basis of the recommendations made by the Committee of Ministers on Dalit Affairs, a new
Centrally Sponsored Scheme viz. ‘Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Grameen Yojana (PMAGY)’ has been
conceived and is in the process of being launched. The objective of the scheme is to ensure integrated
development of 44,000 SC villages having more than 50 per cent SC population by providing
supplementary support in filling the critical gaps arising in the other relevant sectoral development
schemes and programmes.
SCHEDULED TRIBES
The Scheduled Tribes (STs) are among the most backward among the similarly disadvantaged groups
and live in relative isolation with distinct culture and identity. The Eleventh Plan’s, Inclusive Growth
approach, is synonymous to ‘Social Justice’ as it primarily addresses the issues of exclusion,
exploitation, marginalization, unrest and governance concerning tribals and tribal areas.
As per the 2001 Census, the population of the Scheduled Tribes (STs) was 84.33 million, constituting 8.2
per cent of the total population of the country. Out of the total ST population, 2.59 million (3.07 per cent)
belong to Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) earlier referred to as Primitive Tribal Groups
(PTGs).
Scheduled Tribes (STs)
Social Empowerment
♠ There are certain parallel educational development schemes implemented for the Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes with the same objective and, by and large, with the same modalities. These include
Schemes of Post-Matric Scholarships (PMS), Top Class Education, Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowships
(RGNF) for pursuing higher studies leading to M.Phil and Ph.D Post-Matric Scholarships, National
Overseas Scholarships; Hostels and Coaching and Allied Scheme.
♠ The scheme of Ashram Schools in the Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) area is operational since 1990-91 to
promote educational development in accordance with the social and cultural milieu of the Tribals
especially focusing on ST girls and children of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
The Centrally Sponsored Scheme of ‘Educational Complexes in the Low Literacy Pockets’ was revised
in 2008-09 and renamed as “Strengthening Education among ST Girls in Low Literacy district”. The
revised scheme is being implemented in 54 identified low literacy districts where the ST population is 25
per cent or more and ST female literacy rate is below 35 per cent. The revised scheme envisages the
convergence with the schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya
(KGBV) of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD). It meets the requirement of primary
level students as well as middle/ secondary
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slevel students and provides residential facility to ST girl students facilitating their retention in schools.
Besides formal education, scheme also takes care of skill up-gradation of ST girls in various vocations.
Establishment of District Education Support Agency (DESA) is also taken up in each low literacy district
which is required to make efforts to ensure 100 per cent enrolment and also play the role of monitor,
facilitator and support linkages with various institutions.
Economic Empowerment
The National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) was set up in 2001 to
provide exclusive boost to the economic development of STs. 7.56 lakh beneficiaries during the Eleventh
Plan period, Under the new scheme a comprehensive Road Map has been chalked out for the Eleventh
Plan period (2007- 12) focusing the following four activities i.e., i) Retail Marketing Development Activity,
ii) MFP Marketing Development Activity, iii) Vocational Training, Skill Up-gradation and Capacity Building
of ST Artisans and Minor Forest Produce (MFP) Gatherers and iv) Research Development,/Intellectual
Property Rights (IPR) Activity.
The scheme Vocational Training Centre in Tribal Areas was launched in 1992-93, to develop the skills of
the ST youth for a variety of jobs as well as self-employment and to improve their socio-economic
condition by enhancing their income. The scheme was revised in April, 2009. The revised scheme
provides enhanced financial norms and a time schedule for submission of proposals. The scheme
makes organization responsible to establish linkages with placement services and to arrange easy micro
finance/loans for trained youths through financial institutions, National Scheduled Tribe Finance
Development Corporation (NSTFDC), banks, etc.
Social Justice
♣ Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 (PCR Act) and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
(Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 (POA Act) are two important legal instruments to prevent all types of
social discrimination i.e., untouchability, exploitation and atrocities. The National Crime Bureau Report –
2007, states that highly endemic crime/atrocities are being reported in the States like, Madhya Pradesh
(27.01 per cent), Rajasthan (20.01 per cent), Andhra Pradesh (13.06 per cent), Chhattisgarh (11.01 per
cent), Orissa (7.01 per cent) and Jharkhand (4.08 per cent).
Grant-In-Aid Under Article 275 (1)
Grants in Aid under Article 275(1) is a Central Sector Scheme under which 100 per cent financial
assistance is being provided to the States through the nodal Ministry of Tribal Affairs. The funds are
released based on specific projects, such as raising the critical infrastructure and enhancement of
Human Development Indices of STs to bridging the gaps between STs and general population.
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGS)
• There are 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) earlier known as Primitive Tribal Groups
(PTGs), in need of categorical attention in view of their fragile living conditions emerging out of their
prevailing socio-economic backwardness, vulnerability and diminishing numbers. In order to address to
their specific needs and problems, the `Scheme of Development for PVTGs’ is being implemented with
flexible terms
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SCHEDULED CASTE SUB PLAN (SCSP) & TRIBAL SUB PLAN (TSP)
♦ The Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan (SCSP) was originally introduced in 1979 under the name Special
Component Plan which has been renamed as Scheduled Caste Sub Plan to bring the nomenclature in
line with the Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) introduced in 1975. The objective is to build on potential strengths of
the SCs & STs through their overall socio-economic development.