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![WELFARE SCHEMES FOR OBCs
An Overview
The Second Backward Classes Commission, commonly known as the Mandal
Commission, constituted under Article 340, submitted its Report in 1980. In the light of this
Report, the Government of India had, vide O.M. dated 13 August 1990 of the Department of
Personnel & Training, issued an order providing 27% reservation in Central Government posts
for persons belonging to the Socially and Economically Backward Classes, also referred to as
“Other Backward Classes” or OBCs.
With the amendment of Article 15 of the Constitution in January, 2006 [Nothing in this
article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any
special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward
classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special
provisions related to their admission to educational institutions including private educational
institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than minority educational institutions
referred to in clause (1) of article 30] and the enactment of the Central Educational Institutions
(Reservation in Admissions) Act in January, 2007, listing of Other Backward Classes has
become relevant for admission in Central Educational Institutions also. Under this Act, OBC
students are entitled to 27% reservation in Central Educational Institutions.
Demographic Profile
The caste-wise census was discontinued after the 1931 census. Hence, census data is
not available on the population of OBCs in the country. However, the Mandal Commission had
estimated OBC population at 52% of the total population while the National Sample Survey
Organization, based on its 61st round survey (2004-05), has estimated it to be 41%2
.
Constitutional Provisions
Clause (4) of Article 15 of the Constitution of India permits the State to make special
provisions for the advancement of “any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens”
including admission to educational institutions. Article 16 (4) permits the State to make
2
India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Annual Report 2013-14, pp.89-90](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/welfare-220425041635/85/welfare-pdf-2-320.jpg)
welfare.pdf
- 1. For the useof Members of Parliament Not for Publication Reference Note On WELFARE SCHEMES FOR OBCs 1 Reference Division (LARRDIS) Lok Sabha Secretariat New Delhi November 2014 The Reference Note is for personal use of the Members in the discharge of their Parliamentary duties, and is not for publication. This Service is not to be quoted as the source of information as it is based on the sources indicated at the end/in the text. This Service does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy or veracity of the information or views contained in the note/collection.
- 2. WELFARE SCHEMES FOROBCs An Overview The Second Backward Classes Commission, commonly known as the Mandal Commission, constituted under Article 340, submitted its Report in 1980. In the light of this Report, the Government of India had, vide O.M. dated 13 August 1990 of the Department of Personnel & Training, issued an order providing 27% reservation in Central Government posts for persons belonging to the Socially and Economically Backward Classes, also referred to as “Other Backward Classes” or OBCs. With the amendment of Article 15 of the Constitution in January, 2006 [Nothing in this article or in sub-clause (g) of clause (1) of article 19 shall prevent the State from making any special provision, by law, for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in so far as such special provisions related to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than minority educational institutions referred to in clause (1) of article 30] and the enactment of the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admissions) Act in January, 2007, listing of Other Backward Classes has become relevant for admission in Central Educational Institutions also. Under this Act, OBC students are entitled to 27% reservation in Central Educational Institutions. Demographic Profile The caste-wise census was discontinued after the 1931 census. Hence, census data is not available on the population of OBCs in the country. However, the Mandal Commission had estimated OBC population at 52% of the total population while the National Sample Survey Organization, based on its 61st round survey (2004-05), has estimated it to be 41%2 . Constitutional Provisions Clause (4) of Article 15 of the Constitution of India permits the State to make special provisions for the advancement of “any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens” including admission to educational institutions. Article 16 (4) permits the State to make 2 India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Annual Report 2013-14, pp.89-90
- 3. -2- provisions for reservationin appointments for “any backward class of citizens…. .” Article 340 of the Constitution provides “that the President may by order appoint a Commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes”. Clause (1) of Article 38 of the Constitution makes it obligatory for the State to “strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order, in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life”. Cause (10) of Article 338 mentions that for the purpose of that article, references to Scheduled Castes “shall be construed as including references to such Other Backward Classes as the President may, on receipt of the report of a Commission appointed under clause (1) of article 340 by order specify and also to the Anglo-Indian Community3 ”. Welfare Schemes Having recognized that educational and economic support for backward classes has not been adequate and that there is disparity between them and the non-backward sections of the population at every level, it was felt that earnest efforts were required to introduce various schemes specifically for the target group in order to provide them a level playing field. Hence, the following schemes were formulated and are being implemented since 1998-99: 1. Pre-Matric Scholarship to the OBCs for studies in India The aim of this Scheme is to motivate children of OBCs studying at pre-matric stage. Scholarships are awarded to students belonging to OBCs whose parents/guardian’s income from all sources does not exceed to Rs,44,500/- per annum. The Physical and Financial Achievements under the Scheme during the last three years are as follows: 3 Ibid., p. 90
- 4. -3- The details ofNotional Allocation (State-wise) under “Pre-Matric Scholarship for OBC Students” during the year 2010-2014 are given in Annexure-I. 2. Post-Matric Scholarship to the OBC for studies in India The Scheme is intended to promote higher education by providing financial support to OBC students studying at post-matric/post-secondary levels leading to their earning Ph.D. degrees. The scholarships are awarded through the State Government/UT Administration to which the applicant belongs for study in recognized institutions. Under the Scheme, 100% central assistance is provided to State Governments/UT Administrations over and above their Committed Liability. The Physical and Financial achievements under the Scheme during the last three years are as follows: The details of Notional Allocation (State-wise) under “Post-Matric Scholarship for OBC Students” during the year 2010-2014 are given in Annexure-II. 3. Construction of Hostels for OBC Boys and Girls The Scheme of Construction of Hostels for OBC Boys and Girls has been revised w.e.f. 2010-11. The Scheme aims at providing hostel facilities to students belonging to socially and educationally backward classes, especially from rural areas to enable them to pursue secondary and higher education4 . The Physical and Financial achievements under the Scheme during the last three years are as follows: 4 Ibid., pp. 92-94.
- 5. -4- The details ofNotional Allocation (State-wise) under “Construction of Hostels for OBC Boys and Girls” during the year 2010-2014 are given in Annexure-III. 4. Assistance to Voluntary Organizations for Welfare of OBCs The main purpose of this scheme of grants-in-aid to voluntary organizations is to involve the civil society and non-Government sector for improving the socio-economic conditions of OBCs, through skill up-gradation in various trades, to enable them, to start income generating activities on their own and get gainfully employed. Under the Scheme, financial assistance is provided to Non-Governmental Organizations for imparting vocational training in various trades like craft, type and short-hand, carpentry, dari making, electrician, motor winding and fitting/plumbing, printing/composing/book binding, spinning and weaving, TV, VCR and Radio repair etc. The Government of India meets 90% of the approved expenditure of the training programme5 . The Physical and Financial achievements under the Scheme during the last three years are as follows: 5 Ibid., pp. 95-96
- 6. -5- 5. Scheme underNational Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC) The NBCFDC was set up in the year 1992, as a Company, 'not for profit' under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956 under the aegis of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. The main objective of the Corporation is to provide concessional financial assistance to the members of the Backward Classes for their socio- economic development and to upgrade the technological and entrepreneurial skills of the individuals or groups belonging to the Backward Classes through State Channelising Agencies (SCAs) nominated by respective State Government/UT. The following activities are implemented under NBCFDC: I. Loan Schemes a) Term Loan: Maximum loan limit: Rs. 10 Lakh per beneficiary. NBCFDC Loan: Upto 85% of the project cost in general scheme. Balance 15% to be shared by SCA/Beneficiary. b) Margin Money Loan: Maximum loan limit: Rs. 10 Lakh per beneficiary. NBCFDC Loan: Upto 40% of the project cost, balance amount of project cost is contributed by Bank/Financial Institution (50%), SCA (5%), and the beneficiary (5%). c) Micro Finance: Maximum loan limit: Rs. 50,000/- per beneficiary. NBCFDC Loan: Upto 90% to 95% of the project cost. Balance 5%-10% to be shared by SCA/Beneficiary. II. New Swarnima Scheme for Women Under this scheme, women belonging to backward classes living below double the poverty line can obtain loan upto Rs.1,00,000/- @ 5% p.a. NBCFDC loan: 95% of Project Cost. III. Education Loan Scheme NBCFDC provides Educational Loans to the students of Backward Classes living below double the poverty line for pursuing general/ professional/technical courses or trainings at graduate and/or higher levels. Maximum loan limit in India is Rs.10 lakh and abroad is Rs.20 Lakh. The rate of interest is 4% p.a. and girl students will get at special concessional rate of interest @ 3.5% p.a. NBCFDC loan: 90% for study in India and 85% for study abroad6 . 6 Ibid., pp. 96-97.
- 7. -6- IV. Saksham Scheme Thisis a special scheme under Term Loan for young professionals belonging to Backward Classes of the target group. Maximum loan limit is Rs.10 Lakh per beneficiary. The loan upto Rs.5 Lakh bears interest @ 6% p.a. and loan above Rs.5 Lakh to Rs.10 Lakh bears interest @ 8% p.a. NBCFDC loan: 85% of Project Cost. V. Shilp Sampada Scheme The objective of this scheme is to upgrade the technical and entrepreneurial skill of Backward Classes by way of providing training and financial assistance under Term Loan for self- employment in traditional craft etc. The artisans and handicraft persons of Backward Classes living below double the poverty line can obtain loan upto Rs.10 Lakh under this scheme. Loans upto Rs.5 Lakh bears interest @ 6% p.a. and above Rs.5 Lakh to Rs.10 Lakh bears interest @ 8% p.a. NBCFDC loan: 85% of Project Cost. VI. Micro Finance Scheme NBCFDC’s Micro Finance Scheme is implemented by SCAs through accredited NGOs/Self-Help Groups. The maximum loan limit per beneficiary is Rs.50,000/-. The rate of interest is 5% p.a. from SCA to Beneficiary. NBCFDC loan: 90% of Project Cost VII. Mahila Samriddhi Yojana NBCFDC’s Mahila Samriddhi Yojana is implemented by SCAs through accredited NGOs/Self- Help Groups (SHGs). The maximum loan limit per beneficiary is Rs.50,000/. The rate of interest is 4% p.a. from SCA to Beneficiary. NBCFDC loan: 95% of Project Cost. VIII. Krishi Sampada Scheme The objective of the scheme is to provide concessional loans under Micro Finance to small farmers, vegetable vendors of the target group for requirement of funds during Rabi & Kharif or any cash crop. The loanee can obtain loan upto 50,000/- @ 4% p.a. NBCFDC Loan: 95% of Project Cost The financial and physical achievements during the financial years 2011-12 to 2013-14 are as under7 : 7 Ibid., pp. 97-98.
- 8. -7- The details ofState-wise Financial Assistance and Physical Achievements under NBCFDC during the last 3 years (upto 31.3.2014) are given in Annexure-IV. 6. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Scheme The Government of India has launched a Central Sector scheme namely, Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship during the financial year 2014-15 to increase opportunities for the students of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) for pursuing higher education leading to their acquiring degrees such as M.Phil. and Ph.D. The scheme aims at providing financial assistance to the OBC students in obtaining quality higher education leading to degrees such as M.Phil and Ph.D in universities, research institutions and scientific institutions. The scheme is designed to provide a total number of 300 Junior Research Fellowships per year from the year 2014-15 onwards and 300 Senior Research Fellowships during 2016-17 to Other Backward Class (OBC) students. The scheme covers all universities/institutions recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and is implemented by the UGC itself on the pattern of the scheme of UGC Fellowships being awarded to research students pursuing M. Phil. and Ph.D. Any student belonging to Other Backward Class (OBC) category is eligible who has been admitted to M.Phil./Ph.D. course in a University or academic institution after completing the required formalities of admission in that University or academic institution is eligible for the award of Fellowship subject to provisions of the scheme as per the advertisement of UGC. The duration of the fellowship range from 2-5 years.
- 9. -8- The rates offellowship for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) and Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) will be at par with the UGC Fellowships8 . 7. National Overseas Scholarship Scheme for OBC candidates The Scheme provides financial assistance to the finally selected candidates for pursuing Master level courses and Ph.D abroad in the following specified fields of study:- a) Engineering; b) Management; c) Agricultural Science; and d) Medicine. Twenty five awards per year are available under the Scheme. Minimum Qualification For Ph.D. - First class or 60% marks or equivalent grade in relevant Masters' Degree. For Masters' Degree - First Class or 60% marks or equivalent grade in relevant Bachelors' Degree. Preference would be given to the experienced candidates, especially to those who hold lien with their existing post and employer. The eligible candidate should be below 35 years, as on First day of the month of the Advertisement of the Scheme. Financial Assistance/Allowances The annual maintenance allowance of US Dollars 15,400/- (US Dollars Fifteen thousand four hundred only) for U.S.A. and other countries except U.K. has been prescribed for all levels of courses covered under the Scheme. The annual maintenance allowance of GBP 9900/- (Great Britain Pound Nine thousand nine hundred only) for U.K. only has been prescribed. The prescribed contingency allowance for books/essential apparatus /study tour/travel cost for attending subject related conferences, workshops etc./ typing and binding of thesis etc. is US Dollars 1500/- (One thousand five hundred only) per annum for U.S.A. and other countries 8 http://www.socialjustice.nic.in
- 10. -9- except U.K. Theprescribed contingency allowance for books/essential apparatus /study tour/travel cost for attending subject related conferences, workshops etc./ typing and binding of thesis etc. is Great Britain Pound (GBP) 1100/-(GBP One thousand one hundred only) per annum for U.K9 . 9 Ibid
- 11. -10- Annexure-I Notional Allocation under"Pre-Matric Scholarhsip for OBC Students" during 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 Rs. In lakh 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Sl. No. States/UTs Notional Allocation Notional Allocation Notional Allocation Notional Allocation 1 Andhra Pradesh 340.00 318.00 318.00 984.00 2 Bihar 367.00 390.00 390.00 1206.00 3 Chattisgarh 90.00 96.00 96.00 296.00 4 Goa 6.00 6.00 6.00 18.00 5 Gujarat 227.00 227.00 227.00 702.00 6 Haryana 93.00 95.00 95.00 295.00 7 Himachal Pradesh 30.00 26.00 26.00 80.00 8 Jammu & Kashmir 40.00 47.00 47.00 145.00 9 Jharkhand 115.00 124.00 124.00 384.00 10 Kerala 135.00 125.00 125.00 388.00 11 Karnataka 238.00 230.00 230.00 710.00 12 Madhya Pradesh 270.00 273.00 273.00 844.00 13 Maharashtra 428.00 422.00 422.00 1306.00 14 Odisha 167.00 157.00 157.00 487.00 15 Punjab 100.00 104.00 104.00 322.00 16 Rajasthan 245.00 258.00 258.00 797.00 17 Tamil Nadu 280.00 271.00 271.00 838.00 18 Uttar Pradesh 734.00 750.00 750.00 2320.00 19 Uttrakhand 40.00 38.00 38.00 117.00 20 West Bengal 354.00 343.00 343.00 1061.00 21 Andaman Nicobar 24.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 22 Dadar & Nagar Havali 11.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 23 Daman & Diu 12.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 24 Chandigarh 53.00 61.00 61.00 61.00 25 Delhi 93.00 93.00 93.00 93.00 26 Puducherry 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 27 Assam 410.00 409.00 409.00 1228.00 28 Manipur 34.00 35.00 35.00 106.00 29 Tripura 49.00 47.00 47.00 142.00 30 Sikkim 7.00 8.00 8.00 24.00 Total 4999.00 4999.00 4999.00 15000.00 Source: Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3169 dated 11.2.2014
- 12. -11- Annexure-II Notional Allocation under"Post-Matric Scholarhsip for OBC Students" during 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Sl. No. State/UTs Notional Allocation Notional Allocation Notional Allocation Notional Allocation 1 Andhra Pradesh 1221.00 3545.00 4144.00 5980.00 2 Bihar 1330.00 4344.00 5079.00 7328.00 3 Chhattisgarh 333.00 1067.00 1248.00 1800.00 4 Goa 21.00 63.00 73.00 106.00 5 Gujarat 813.00 2528.00 2955.00 4264.00 6 Haryana 338.00 1063.00 1243.00 1793.00 7 Himachal Pradesh 98.00 289.00 338.00 487.00 8 Jammu & Kashmir 162.00 523.00 612.00 882.00 9 Jharkhand 433.00 1381.00 1615.00 2330.00 11 Karnataka 848.00 2557.00 2990.00 4314.00 10 Kerala 510.00 1398.00 1634.00 2358.00 12 Madhya Pradesh 968.00 3038.00 3552.00 5125.00 13 Maharashtra 1553.00 4704.00 5500.00 7935.00 14 Odisha 590.00 1754.00 2050.00 2958.00 15 Punjab 391.00 1159.00 1355.00 1956.00 16 Rajasthan 906.00 2871.00 3357.00 4843.00 17 Tamil Nadu 1000.00 3018.00 3528.00 5090.00 18 Uttar Pradesh 2664.00 8354.00 9766.00 14092.00 19 Uttrakhand 136.00 423.00 494.00 713.00 20 West Bengal 1285.00 3821.00 4467.00 6446.00 21 Andaman Nicobar 18.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 22 Dadra & Nagar Havali 9.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 23 Daman & Diu 9.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 24 Chandigarh 40.00 61.00 61.00 61.00 25 Delhi 70.00 93.00 93.00 93.00 26 Puducherry 5.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 27 Assam 1433.00 4422.00 5159.00 7370.00 28 Manipur 118.00 383.00 446.00 638.00 29 Tripura 172.00 510.00 595.00 850.00 30 Sikkim 27.00 85.00 100.00 142.00 Total: 17501.00 53500.00 62500.00 90000.00 Source: Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3169 dated 11.2.2014
- 13. -12- Annexure-III Notional Allocation under"Construction of Hostels for OBC Boys and Girls" during 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 Rs in lakh Sl. No. State/UTs 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Noational Allocation Noational Allocation Noational Allocation Noational Allocation 1 Andhra Pradesh 290.00 281.00 270.00 195.00 2 Bihar 315.00 345.00 331.00 239.00 3 Chattisgarh 80.00 85.00 81.00 59.00 4 Goa 40.00 5.00 5.00 3.00 5 Gujarat 195.00 200.00 193.00 139.00 6 Haryana 85.00 84.00 81.00 58.00 7 Himachal Pradesh 40.00 23.00 22.00 16.00 8 Jammu & Kashmir 40.00 42.00 40.00 29.00 9 Jharkhand 105.00 110.00 105.00 77.00 10 Karnataka 205.00 110.00 107.00 167.00 11 Kerala 125.00 203.00 195.00 77.00 12 Madhya Pradesh 240.00 241.00 232.00 167.00 13 Maharashtra 370.00 373.00 358.00 259.00 14 Odissa 140.00 139.00 134.00 96.00 15 Punjab 90.00 92.00 88.00 64.00 16 Rajasthan 220.00 228.00 219.00 158.00 17 Tamil Nadu 240.00 239.00 230.00 166.00 18 Uttar Pradesh 640.00 663.00 637.00 459.00 19 Uttarakhand 40.00 34.00 32.00 23.00 20 West Bengal 300.00 303.00 291.00 210.00 21 Andaman Nicobar 200.00 200.00 350.00 Separate UT- wise allocation is not proposed 22 Dadar & Nagar Havali 23 Daman & Dieu 24 Chandigarh 25 Delhi 26 Podicherry 27 Assam 375.00 410.00 410.00 203.00 28 Manipur 40.00 35.00 35.00 18.00 29 Tripura 45.00 47.00 47.00 23.00 30 Sikkim 40.00 8.00 8.00 4.00 Total: 4500.00 4500.00 4500.00 4500.00 Source: Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3169 dated 11.2.2014
- 14.
- 15. -14- Source: India, Ministryof Social Justice and Empowerment, Annual Report 2013-14, pp. 290-291